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关于死海的英文介绍作文英文：Dead Sea, located between Jordan to the east and Israel and Palestine to the west, is a salt lake that is known for its high salt concentration and therapeutic properties. As a person who has visited the Dead Sea, I can say that it is truly an amazing natural wonder.One of the things that makes the Dead Sea unique is its high salt concentration. In fact, it is one of the saltiest bodies of water in the world. This high salt concentration makes it impossible for most living organisms to survive in the water. However, it also means that people can easily float in the water. When I visited the Dead Sea, I was amazed at how easy it was to float. It felt like I was weightless!Another thing that makes the Dead Sea special is its therapeutic properties. The water and mud from the Dead Seaare said to have healing properties, and many people visit the area to help with skin conditions, such as psoriasis and eczema. I even saw people covering themselves in mud and then floating in the water to help with their skin.Overall, the Dead Sea is a unique and amazing natural wonder that everyone should visit at least once in their lifetime. It is a great place to relax, float in the water, and benefit from the therapeutic properties of the mud and water.中文：死海位于约旦东部和以色列、巴勒斯坦西部之间，是一个以高盐浓度和疗效闻名的盐湖。
讲述以巴冲突英文作文The conflict between Israel and Palestine in Gaza has been an ongoing and deeply complex issue. The roots of the conflict can be traced back to the late 19th century when Jewish immigration to Palestine began to increase. With the creation of the state of Israel in 1948, violence erupted as the Palestinian people were displaced from their homes. Since then, there have been numerous wars, uprisings, and attacks on both sides, leading to a deep-seated animosity and a lack of trust. The recent clashes in May 2021 were triggered by the planned eviction of Palestinian families from the Sheikh Jarrah neighborhood in East Jerusalem, which led to protests and violent confrontations with Israeli police. The situation escalated when Hamas, the militant group that governs Gaza, fired rockets into Israel, prompting Israeli airstrikes in response. The violence resulted in a high death toll, including many civilians, as well as widespread destruction of infrastructure and homes in Gaza. The international community has called for a ceasefire and a peaceful resolution to the conflict, but the deep-seated grievances and historical traumas make it incredibly challenging to find a lasting solution.中文翻译:以色列和巴勒斯坦在加沙地带的冲突是一个长期而深刻的问题。
巴勒斯坦与以色列战争读后感英文版The conflict between Palestine and Israel has been ongoing for decades, with both sides experiencing great losses and suffering. As I reflect on the history of this conflict and the impact it has had on the people living in the region, I am filled with a sense of sadness and frustration.The root of the conflict can be traced back to the early 20th century, when both the Jewish and Arab populations in the region laid claim to the land. This led to tensions and violence, culminating in the creation of the state of Israel in 1948. Since then, there have been numerous wars and uprisings, with both sides committing acts of violence and retaliation.The most recent conflict in May 2021 was particularly devastating, with hundreds of lives lost and thousands of homes destroyed. As I watched the news coverage and saw the images of destruction and despair, I couldn't help but feel a deep sense of despair.It is clear that there is no easy solution to this conflict, as both sides are deeply entrenched in their beliefs and grievances. However, I believe that dialogue and diplomacy are the only way forward. Both Palestinians and Israelis deserve to live in peace and security, and it is up to the international community to help facilitate a lasting peace agreement.In conclusion, the conflict between Palestine and Israel is a tragic and complex issue that has caused immense suffering for both sides. It is my hope that one day, the people of this region can coexist peacefully and build a better future for themselves and their children.巴勒斯坦与以色列战争读后感巴勒斯坦与以色列之间的冲突已经持续了几十年，双方都遭受了巨大的损失和痛苦。
关于以色列和巴勒斯坦的战争的英语作文The Israel and Palestine ConflictHave you ever had a big fight with your brother or sister over a toy? You both really want that toy and think it belongs to you. That's kind of like what has been happening between Israel and Palestine for a very long time. They have been fighting over the same piece of land for decades and decades.Israel and Palestine are neighbors in the Middle East. The land they are fighting over is located between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River. It's not a huge piece of land, only about the size of New Jersey. But it's very important to both sides.For the Jewish people, that land is known as the biblical'Promised Land' that God gave to the ancestors of the Israelites a very long time ago according to their religion. Many years later after not having a homeland of their own for centuries, the state of Israel was established there in 1948 as a homeland for the Jewish people.For the Palestinians, most of whom are Arab Muslims, that same land has been home to their families for many generations. When Israel was created, many Palestinians had to leave theirhomes and became refugees. Those that stayed became a minority group within Israel.So you can see why both sides felt (and still feel) that the land belongs to them. It's been the cause of many wars and violence between the two groups over the decades. Let me give you some more background:In the early 1900s, there were not very many Jewish people living in that area of the Middle East. But over time, more and more Jewish immigrants moved there with the goal of establishing a Jewish homeland on that land they considered sacred. This was supported by the international community.At the same time, there were also many Arabs already living there who didn't want to lose their land and homes to make way for these new Jewish immigrants. This led to rising tensions between the two groups of people.After World War II when the Nazis killed 6 million Jewish people in the Holocaust, more Jewish survivors moved to the area. This made the Arabs even more upset at the influx of new immigrants taking over land the Arabs considered Palestine.In 1948, the countries of the world voted to divide the area into separate Jewish and Arab states. The Jews accepted this plan,but the Arabs did not. This led to the first Arab-Israeli war as Arab nations attacked the newly declared state of Israel. In the end, Israel managed to defend itself and gain even more territory than was originally given to it.Many Palestinians had to flee their homes and became refugees in neighboring Arab countries during that conflict. This event is known as the Nakba or "catastrophe" to Palestinians. The tensions and wars between Israel and the surrounding Arab states continued for years.Today, there are two main areas that are considered Palestinian territories - Gaza and the West Bank. Gaza is governed by Hamas, considered a terrorist group by some countries. The West Bank is governed by the Palestinian Authority. Israel still controls most of the borders and airspace around these territories.There are also many Palestinian refugees and their descendants scattered across neighboring Arab lands who want to be able to return to the lands their ancestors left during the wars with Israel. Israel sees this "right of return" as a threat since it could make Jews a minority in the state they established.The two sides just cannot agree on how to divide up the land or share it. Israel wants to keep building settlements in the WestBank for Jewish people. The Palestinians see this as Israel taking even more of their land. Violent acts like rocket attacks, bombings, and military strikes have happened on both sides.Peace talks over the years have tried and failed to come up with a permanent solution of having two fully independent states - Israel and Palestine. Key issues they cannot agree on include borders, security, control of Jerusalem, settlements, and the right of return for Palestinian refugees.The intifadas were two key periods of Palestinian uprising and resistance against Israeli occupation starting in the late 1980s and early 2000s. Suicide bombings and violent clashes occurred frequently. In response, Israel has built a huge barrier wall around the West Bank territories to try to improve security.Even among the Palestinians there is division. The political parties of Fatah and Hamas have been rivals, sometimes breaking out into civil war between themselves over who should lead the movement for an independent Palestine. Gaza has been under strict blockade by Israel and Egypt due to the terrorist group Hamas controlling it.It's just such a complicated situation with both sides feeling they have a rightful claim over the same piece of land for religious and historical reasons. Each side feels like the victimand that the other side is being unfair. Mistrust, anger, and hurt feelings over past events makeit extremely difficult to reach a peaceful compromise that satisfies both Israel and Palestine.From my perspective as a kid, it sure would be nice if Israel and Palestine could just learn to share and get along. All this fighting for land is senseless and has led to so much suffering, death, and Palestinian people being displaced without a permanent home.I get that it's a sacred place for religious reasons, but does that have to lead to violence? Can't everyone just respect each other's beliefs and human rights? In Sunday school, they teach that the Middle East is the birthplace of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam - three major religions that all grew from the same roots. You'd think that shared heritage could bring people together rather than divide them.Grown-ups can be so stubborn sometimes! If I fought with my sibling as much as Israel and Palestine have fought over land, my parents would've taken that toy away from both of us a long time ago. Then maybe we could've been forced to play nicely with each other or find different toys that we each got to have.But I do hope that someday soon, the leaders and people of Israel and Palestine can find a way to forgive past hurts, make wise compromises, and agree on a permanent solution where they each get their own independent states, and everybody's rights and security are protected. No more fighting over that little patch of land near the Mediterranean Sea, please! There's already been way too much conflict and too many lives lost over it. I'm sure my parents and all the other adults in the world are ready for this decades-long conflict to finally end.。
关于以色列与巴勒斯坦的英语作文The conflict between Israel and Palestine is a complex issue rooted in deep historical and religious tensions. It is a struggle for land, identity, and sovereignty that has persisted for decades.This ongoing dispute has been a focal point of international concern, with numerous attempts at peace negotiations and resolutions. The region has witnessed cycles of violence and periods of relative calm, each affecting the lives of millions.Both Israelis and Palestinians have their narratives, each with a rich cultural and historical context. Understanding these narratives is crucial to grasping the intricacies of the conflict.The search for a two-state solution, where both Israel and Palestine can coexist peacefully, remains a challenge. It requires compromise, mutual recognition, and a commitment to peace from both sides.Education and dialogue are key to fostering understanding and empathy between the two communities. Young people, in particular, have a vital role in shaping a future where peace is possible.The international community plays a significant role infacilitating peace talks and providing humanitarian aid. It is through collective efforts that a resolution may one day be achieved.In conclusion, the Israel-Palestine conflict is a multifaceted issue that demands a nuanced approach. It is a story of two peoples with intertwined histories, and it is our collective responsibility to support a just and lasting peace.。
巴以冲突的原因和结果英语作文The enduring conflict between Israel and Palestine is a complex tapestry woven with threads of history, religion, and politics. Often referred to as the "Israeli-Palestinian conflict," it has become emblematic of the struggle for land, identity, and sovereignty in the Middle East. The roots of this conflict can be traced back to the late 19th and early 20th centuries, when the Zionist movement sought to establish a Jewish homeland in what was then Palestine, an area with a predominantly Arab and Muslim population.The aftermath of World War I saw the British Empire granted a mandate over Palestine, setting the stage for a growing influx of Jewish immigrants, which intensified Arab resistance and led to a series of violent confrontations. The United Nations' 1947 proposal to partition Palestine into separate Jewish and Arab states was rejected by Arab nations, culminating in the 1948 Arab-Israeli War and the subsequent establishment of the State of Israel. This event, known as the Nakba or "catastrophe" by Palestinians, marked the beginning of a large-scale displacement of Palestinians and the ongoing struggle for a Palestinian state.Over the decades, the conflict has manifested in various forms, from full-scale wars to intifadas, or uprisings, and has been punctuated by numerous attempts at peace negotiations, often derailed by deep-seated mistrust, territorial disputes, and the expansion of Israelisettlements into the West Bank. The ongoing Israeli occupation of the West Bank and the siege of Gaza Strip have further complicated the situation, leading to a cycle of violence and retaliation that has claimed countless lives and stymied progress toward a two-state solution.The consequences of the conflict are far-reaching, impacting not only the lives of Israelis and Palestinians but also regional stability and global politics. Theinternational community has been deeply involved, with the United States, the European Union, and the United Nations all playing significant roles in attempting to mediate and resolve the conflict. However, the path to peace remains elusive, as the deeply entrenched narratives of both sides continue to shape the discourse and actions on the ground.In conclusion, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict is a multifaceted issue with no simple solution. It is a conflict that demands a nuanced understanding of its historical context, the aspirations of its people, and the geopolitical interests at play. As the world watches, the hope for a resolution that respects the rights and dignity of allparties involved remains a distant, yet essential, goal.。
以色列攻打巴勒斯坦的作文The ongoing conflict between Israel and Palestine has been a source of great controversy and suffering for many years. 以色列和巴勒斯坦之间的持续冲突已经成为多年来的争议和痛苦源泉。
From the perspective of the Israeli government, the military strikes on Palestine are necessary for national security and defense. 以色列政府认为对巴勒斯坦的军事打击对国家安全和国防至关重要。
However, from the perspective of many Palestinians, these attacks represent a brutal and unjustifiable use of force by a powerful oppressor. 然而，从许多巴勒斯坦人的角度来看，这些袭击代表了一个强大的压迫者对无辜平民的残酷和不可原谅的武力行使。
The loss of civilian lives, including innocent women and children, has sparked outrage and condemnation from the international community. 对平民生命的损失，包括无辜的妇女和儿童，引起了国际社会的愤怒和谴责。
Many people around the world view the Israeli military action as a violation of human rights and a disproportionate response to the threats they face. 许多世界各地的人把以色列的军事行动看作是对人权的侵犯和对他们所面临威胁的不成比例的反应。
关于巴以冲突英语论文Part Two: IntroductionMiddle East issue generally refers to the conflicts between Israel and Palestine. It’s a regional hot spot issue that has extended a longest time couldn’t be solved since the World War Two. Middle East has an important strategic position that is connect with many countries’ development in future. I’d like to analysis the Israeli-Palestinian conflict in my opinion from follow 3 parts: the historical origin of Israeli-Palestinian conflict, key figures in Israeli-Palestinian conflict and the present condition and outlook of Israeli-Palestinian conflict.Part Three: The Historical OriginAccording to the Jewish sacred writings, which became the Hebrew Bible, Jews are descended from the ancient people of Israel who settled in the land ofCanaan, located between the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River. The Children of Israel shared a lineage through their common ancestors, Abraham, his son Isaac, and Isaac’s son Jacob. The Children of Israel consisted of twelve tribes, each descended from one of Jacob's twelve sons. Jacob and his twelve sons,or so the Bible asserts, left Canaan during a severe famine and settled in Goshen of northern Egypt. At first they were welcomed by Egyptian, but after a few years they developed quickly and their descendants increase greatly. The Egyptian feared that Jews may threaten their government. Therefore in Egypt their descendants were enslaved by the Egyptian government led by the Pharaoh. After 400 years of slavery, YHWH, the God of Israel, sent the Hebrew prophet Moses, a man from the tribe of Levi, to release the Children of Israel from Egyptian bondage. According to the Bible, the Hebrews miraculously emigrated out of Egypt (an event known as the Exodus), and returned to their ancestral homeland in Canaan. This event marks the formation of Israel as a political nation in Canaan, in 1400 BC.After the Jews returned their home, they have their first unified kingdom, governed by King Saul. However hundreds of years later, they were defeated by other kingdoms, and many Jews began to be exiled from that time. But when the large scale of Jews were expelled from their homeland during Roman Conquest, called the Diaspora. , Herod the Great was appointed "King of the Jews" by the Roman Senate, supplanting the Hasmonean dynasty (a Jewishdynasty). Some of his offspring held various positions after him, known as the Herodian dynasty. But the empire was often callous and brutal in its treatment of its Jewish subjects. In 66 CE, the Jews began to revolt against the Roman rulers of Judea. The revolt was defeated by the future Roman emperors Vespasian and Titus. 985 villages were destroyed and most of the Jewish population of central Judaea was essentially wiped out, killed, sold into slavery, or forced to flee. Banished from Jerusalem, the Jewish population now centred on Galilee. Jerusalem was renamed Aelia Capitolina.During the following hundreds of years, Jews exiled to a lot of countries and experienced a lot of disasters. But they never give up the hope to return to their homeland. During the 1870s and 1880s, the Jewish population in Europe began to more actively discuss immigration back to Israel and the re-establishment of the Jewish Nation in its national homeland, fulfilling the biblical prophecies relating to Shivat Tzion. In 1882 the first Zionist settlement —Rishon LeZion—was founded by immigrants who belonged to the "Hovevei Zion" movement. It was Theodor Herzl (a Jewish reporter) who began the struggle to establish a state for the Jews. After the First World War, it seemed that the conditions to establish sucha state had arrived: The United Kingdom captured Palestine from the Ottoman Empire, and the Jews received the promise of a "National Home" from the British .But later the Jewish leadership found that they couldn’t rely on Britain, so they created the Haganah organization to protect their farms and Kibbutzim.Part Four: Key FiguresWhen we talk about the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, we can’t ignore those key figures in the history. They are so talented and of distinct character that changed the progress of Middle East issue.I haven’t enough space to illustrate all the influential figures, so I just choose three most famous people in Middle East history.The first one is Yasser Arafat. He was a Palestinian leader, and Chairman of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), President of the Palestinian National Authority (PNA), and leader of the Fatah political party and former paramilitary group, which he founded in 1959. Arafat spent much of his life fighting against Israel. We all know that there are two major frictions in Palestine fight against Israel. They are Fatah and Hamas. Hamas totally define Israeli’s right of existence in Palestine. But Fatah, which under the leadership of Arafat seeknegotiation with Israel to end the decades-long conflict between it and the Israel. His political rivals, including Islamists and several PLO leftists, often denounced him for being corrupt or too submissive in his concessions to the Israeli government. But I think he provided a chance to solve the Middle East issue peacefully which should be appreciated. In 1994 Arafat received the Nobel Peace Prize, together with Yitzhak Rabin and Shimon Peres, for the negotiations at Oslo.When we talk about Arafat and Oslo Accords, we should also remember Yizhak Rabin. He was an Israeli politician and general, the fifth Prime Minister of Israel. In foreign policy, the major development of Rabin's term was the Sinai Interim Agreement between Israel and Egypt, signed on 1 September 1975. Both countries declared that the conflict between them and in the Middle East shall not be resolved by military force but by peaceful means. He also sought negotiation with their hereditary enemy, Palestine. Rabin played a leading role in the signing of the Oslo Accords, which created the Palestinian National Authority and granted it partial control over parts of the Gaza Strip and West Bank. Prior to the signing of the accords, Rabin received responses from Arafat.But after the announcement of the Oslo Accords there were many protest demonstrations in Israel objecting to the Accords. Misfortune, he was assassinated by a right-wing Israeli radical. In my opinion, Rabin is a very great leader. I think he knew he would meet great resistance if he seeks peace with Palestine. But he regardless of his safety and political career just thought for the further development of Israel.The third person I want to introduce to you is Ariel Sharon. Very different from Rabin, he is an extremist. He is an Israeli statesman and retired general, who served as Israel’s 11th Prime Minister. Sharon bore "personal responsibility" for the massacre by Lebanese militias of Palestinian civilians in the refugee camps of Sabra and Shatila, for his having disregarded the prospect of acts of bloodshed by the Phalangists against the population of the refugee camps, and not having prevented their entry. But no matter how much he is hated by Palestinian, he is the spiritual leader of Israel. A lot of times he saved Israeli troops from dangerous.Although we all say that heroes are created by history, we can also find that those heroes are affecting our times. How will Israeli-Palestinian conflict develop in the future? I look forwardthe appearance of new personages to lead the issue into a good direction.Part Five: Present condition and OutlookThere is no doubt that the Israeli-Palestinian conflict has caused great damage to both two countries. I can often saw injured children’s pictures in the reports of Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Let’s see a group of statistics that reflect partial casualty figures of children in parentheses represent casualties under age 18 during the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. From 2005 to 2008, 1754 children died in Palestine and 117 children died in Israel. All numbers refer to casualties of direct conflict between Israelis and Palestinians including in IDF military operations, artillery shelling, search and arrest campaigns, Barrier demonstrations, targeted killings, settler violence etc. The UN Mine Action Centre identified the main risks as coming from "ERW left behind by Israeli aerial and artillery weapon systems, or from militant caches targetedby the Israeli forces”. From that statistics we can see that the conflict has greatly curbed the normal development of Palestine and Isreal.。
巴勒斯坦与以色列相关英语作文The ongoing conflict between Palestine and Israel has been a complex and contentious issue for decades, with both sides claiming historical and religious ties to the land. The roots of the conflict can be traced back to the early 20th century, when the Zionist movement, a Jewish nationalist movement, sought to establish a Jewish homeland in the region of Palestine, which was then under Ottoman and later British rule.The conflict escalated in 1948 when the State of Israel was established, leading to the first Arab-Israeli war. This resulted in the displacement of hundreds of thousands of Palestinians, who became known as refugees. The subsequent years saw further conflicts, including the Six-Day War in 1967, which resulted in Israel's occupation of the West Bank, Gaza Strip, and Golan Heights.The continued occupation and the expansion of Israeli settlements in the West Bank have been a major source of tension between the two sides. The Palestinians have long sought to establish an independent state in the occupied territories, while Israel has maintained that the settlements are necessary for its security and that the land is historically and religiously significant to the Jewish people.One of the key issues in the conflict is the status of Jerusalem, which both Israel and the Palestinians claim as their capital. The city is home to important religious sites for Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, and its final status has been a major sticking point in peace negotiations.Another contentious issue is the right of return for Palestinian refugees and their descendants. The Palestinians have demanded that they be allowed to return to their ancestral homes, while Israel has been reluctant to accept large numbers of refugees, citing concerns about the demographic and security implications.Despite numerous attempts at peace negotiations, including the Oslo Accords in the 1990s and the Camp David Summit in 2000, the conflict has remained unresolved. The failure of these negotiations has led to a deepening of mistrust and resentment between the two sides.In recent years, the conflict has also taken on a regional and international dimension, with various actors, including the United States, the European Union, and the Arab League, becoming involved in the search for a resolution. However, the complexity of the issues and the entrenched positions of the parties involved have made it difficult to find a lasting solution.The ongoing conflict has had a significant impact on the lives of both Palestinians and Israelis. The occupation and the violence have led to widespread human rights abuses, economic hardship, and psychological trauma. The conflict has also had broader regional and global implications, contributing to instability and fueling extremism in the Middle East.Despite the challenges, there have been efforts by civil society organizations and grassroots movements on both sides to promote dialogue, reconciliation, and a peaceful resolution to the conflict. These efforts have sought to address the root causes of the conflict and to find common ground between the two sides.In conclusion, the conflict between Palestine and Israel is a complex and multifaceted issue that has defied easy solutions. The ongoing occupation, the expansion of settlements, and the lack of progress in peace negotiations have contributed to a deepening of the conflict and a hardening of positions on both sides. However, there remains a glimmer of hope that through sustained efforts at dialogue, negotiation, and a willingness to compromise, a just and lasting peace can be achieved.。
Israeli–Palestinian conflictISRAELI–P ALESTINIAN CONFLICT 1DEFINISION 2 HISTORY 2P ERIODS OF THE CONFLICT2 P ROMINENT EVENTS THROUGHOUT THE CONFLICT3PEACE PROCESS 4 OSLO ACCORDS (1993) 4C AMPD A VID S UMMIT (2000) 5 T ABA S UMMIT (2001) 6 R OAD M AP FOR P EACE6 A RAB P EACE I NITIA TIVE6CURRENT ISSUES IN DISPUTE 7 P ALESTINIAN R EVOLUTION7I NTERNATIONAL STA TUS8 W ATER RESOURCES8 F UTURE AND FINANCING9ACTIONS TOW ARD ST ABILIZING THE CONFLICT 10M UTUAL RECOGNITION10 G OVERNMENT11 S OCIETAL A TTITUDES11 G AZA BLOCKADE11 P ALESTINIAN ARMY12MY VIEW 13 PHOTOS 14DefinisionThe Israeli–Palestinian conflict is the ongoing conflict between Israelis and Palestinians.[1] The conflict is wide-ranging, and the term is also used in reference to the earlier phases of the same conflict, between Jewish and Zionist yishuv and the Arab population living in Palestine under Ottoman or British rule. It forms part of the wider Arab–Israeli conflict. The remaining key issues are: mutual recognition, borders, security, water rights, control of Jerusalem, Israeli settlements,[2] Palestinian freedom of movement[3] and legalities concerning refugees. The violence resulting from the conflict has prompted international actions, as well as other security and human rights concerns, both within and between both sides, and internationally.Many attempts have been made to broker a two-state solution, involving the creation of an independent Palestinian state alongside an independent Jewish state or next to the State of Israel (after Israel's establishment in 1948). As recently as 2007, a majority of both Israelis and Palestinians, according to a number of polls, prefer the two-state solution over any other solution as a means of resolving the conflict.[4] Moreover, a considerable majority of the Jewish public sees the Palestinians' demand for an independent state as just, and thinks Israel can agree to the establishment of such a state.[5]A majority of Palestinians and Israelis view the West Bank and Gaza Strip as an acceptable location of the hypothetical Palestinian state in a two-state solution.[6]However, there are significant areas of disagreement over the shape of any final agreement and also regarding the level of credibility each side sees in the other in upholding basic commitments.HistoryPeriods of the conflictOn the historical timeline, the Israeli–Palestinian conflict has had seven distinct phases:Late 19th century-1917: The period of the Ottoman Empire rule in Palestine in which the Arabs in the Ottoman Palestine saw themselves as part of the overall Arab territories which were under the rule of the Ottoman Empire. During that period, the disputes were on the basis of religious background and not on national background.∙1917-1948: The period of the British Mandate of Palestine, in which both parties were under British rule and under a single political entity, called Palestine in English. During this period significant Jewish immigration from Europe altered the demographic balance. The term "The Israeli–Palestinian conflict" was not used, and instead the conflict was referred to as "the Jewish-Arab conflict over the Land of Palestine" (by the Arab population and the Britishpopulation), "the Jewish-Arab conflict over Eretz-Israel" (by the Jewish population).∙1948-1967: The period between the declaration of the State of Israel and the Six-Day War in which the parties resided in three separate political entities: The State of Israel, the Gaza Strip which was controlled by Egypt and the West Bank which was annexed from Jordan.∙1967: The Six-Day War: Border clashes between Syria and Israel1.First Day: Combined air attacks on all fronts by Israel in earlymorning destroy two-thirds of Arab aircraft.2.Second Day: Paratroops move from Ammunition Hill to Mt. Scopus(Jerusalem).3.Third Day: Old City captured, the West Bank is controlled, andIsraeli military government is established.4.Fourth Day: Israel reaches Suez Canal.5.Fifth Day: The battles continue, mostly up in the north.6.Sixth Day: Ceasefire proclaimed, Israel controls Golan Heights anddemilitarizes Jerusalem area.∙1967-1993: The period between the Six-Day War and the Oslo Accords, in which the conflicted parties reside in the areas addressed by the UN Partition Plan that were under the control of the State of Israel.∙1993-2000: The period between the Oslo Accords and the Second Intifada, in which Israel existed alongside the semi-sovereignpolitical autonomy - the Palestinian Authority.∙2000–2005: The period between the beginning of the Second Intifada up until 2005, in which Israel returned to perform arrestingoperations in Area A zones in the West Bank.∙2005–Present: The period after Israel's unilateral withdrawal from the Gaza Strip. The withdrawal led to the strengthening ofHamas, which in 2006 won an election, then took control over the Gaza Strip.Prominent events throughout the conflict∙Balfour Declaration (1917)∙King-Crane Commission (1919)∙1920 Palestine riots∙1921 Palestine riots in Jaffa∙1929 Palestine riots in Jerusalem, Jaffa and Hebron∙1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine∙The approval of the UN Partition Plan according to which Palestine would be divided into two states –a Jewish state and an Arab state (1947)∙1947–1948 Civil War in Mandate Palestine∙1948 Arab-Israeli War, 1948 Palestinian exodus and the establishment of the state of Israel (1948)∙The creation of the Palestinian refugee problem (1948–1951) and Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim lands (1948–1952) ∙Suez Crisis (1956)∙War over Water (1964–1967)∙Six-Day War (1967)–Israel occupies the territories populated by Palestinians from Jordan and Egypt, prompting 1967 Palestinianexodus while Arab League's policy causes the final phase of Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim lands (1967–1972)∙War of Attrition (1968–1970)∙Black September–the deportation of the PLO from Jordan to Lebanon (1970)∙Operation Litani– Israel's military campaign which pushed PLO forces north of the Litani river (1978)∙First Lebanon War - Israeli invasion of Lebanon in order to expel PLO forces from the country (1982)∙First Intifada - Palestinian uprising against Israel in the Palestinian Territories (1987–1993)∙Second Intifada (began in 2000)∙Israel's unilateral disengagement plan (2005)∙The Gaza War (2008–2009Peace processOslo Accords (1993)In 1993, Israeli officials led by Yitzhak Rabin and Palestinian leaders from the Palestine Liberation Organization led by Yasser Arafat strove to find a peaceful solution through what became known as the Oslo peace process. A crucial milestone in this process was Arafat's letter of recognition of Israel's right to exist. In 1993, the Oslo Accords were finalized as a framework for future Israeli-Palestinian relations. The crux of the Oslo agreement was that Israel would gradually cede controlof the Palestinian territories over to the Palestinians in exchange for peace. The Oslo process was delicate and progressed in fits and starts, the process took a turning point at the assassination of Yitzhak Rabin and finally unraveled when Arafat and Ehud Barak failed to reach agreement at Camp David in July 2000. Robert Malley, special assistant to United States President Bill Clinton for Arab-Israeli Affairs, has confirmed that while Barak made no formal written offer to Arafat, the US did present concepts for peace which were considered by the Israeli side yet left unanswered by Arafat "the Palestinians’ principal failing is that from the beginning of the Camp David summit onward they were unable either to say yes to the American ideas or to present a cogent and specific counterproposal of their own".[9]Consequently, there are different accounts of the proposals considered.Camp David Summit (2000)In July 2000, U.S. President Bill Clinton convened a peace summit between Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat and Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak. Barak reportedly offered the Palestinian leader approximately 95% of the West Bank and Gaza Strip, as well as Palestinian sovereignty over East Jerusalem,[13] and that 69 Jewish settlements (which comprise 85% of the West Bank's Jewish settlers) would be ceded to Israel. He also proposed "temporary Israeli control" indefinitely over another 10% of the West Bank territory—an area including many more Jewish settlements. According to Palestinian sources, the remaining area would be under Palestinian control, yet certain areas would be broken up by Israeli bypass roads and checkpoints. Depending on how the security roads would be configured, these Israeli roads might impede free travel by Palestinians throughout their proposed nation and reduce the ability to absorb Palestinian refugees.Arafat rejected this offer. President Clinton reportedly requested that Arafat make a counter-offer, but he proposed none. Former Israeli Foreign Minister Shlomo Ben Ami who kept a diary of the negotiations said in an interview in 2001, when asked whether the Palestinians made a counterproposal: "No. And that is the heart of the matter. Never, in the negotiations between us and the Palestinians, was there a Palestinian counterproposal."[14]No tenable solution was crafted which would satisfy both Israeli and Palestinian demands, even under intense U.S. pressure. Clinton blamed Arafat for the failure of the Camp David Summit. In the months following the summit, Clinton appointed former U.S. Senator George J. Mitchell tolead a fact-finding committee that later published the Mitchell Report aimed at restoring the peace process.T aba Summit (2001)The Israeli negotiation team presented a new map at the Taba Summit in Taba, Egypt in January 2001. The proposition removed the "temporarily Israeli controlled" areas, and the Palestinian side accepted this as a basis for further negotiation. However, Prime Minister Ehud Barak did not conduct further negotiations at that time; the talks ended without an agreement. The following month the Likud party candidate Ariel Sharon was elected as Israeli prime minister on 7 February 2001.Road Map for PeaceOne peace proposal, presented by the Quartet of the European Union, Russia, the United Nations and the United States on September 17, 2002, was the Road Map for Peace. This plan did not attempt to resolve difficult questions such as the fate of Jerusalem or Israeli settlements, but left that to be negotiated in later phases of the process. The proposal never made it beyond the first phase, which called for a halt to Israeli settlement construction and a halt to Israeli and Palestinian violence, none of which was achieved.Arab Peace InitiativeThe Arab Peace Initiative (Arabic: ابمةردملاسلاتيبرعلا) was first proposed by Crown Prince Abdullah of Saudi Arabia in the Beirut Summit. The peace initiative is a proposed solution to the Arab-Israeli conflict as a whole, and the Israeli–Palestinian conflict in particular.The initiative was initially published on March 28, 2002, at the Beirut Summit, and agreed upon again in 2007 in the Riyadh Summit.Unlike the Road Map for Peace, it spelled out "final-solution" borders based explicitly on the UN borders established before the 1967 Six-Day War. It offered full normalization of relations with Israel, in exchange for the withdrawal of its forces from all the occupied territories, including the Golan Heights, to recognize "an independent Palestinian state with East Jerusalem as its capital" in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, as well as a "just solution" for the Palestinian refugees.[15]A number of Israeli officials have responded to the initiative with both support and criticism. The Israeli government has expressed reservations on 'red line,' issues such as the Palestinian refugee problem, homeland security concerns, and the nature of Jerusalem.[16]However, the Arab League continues to raise it as a possible solution, and meetings between the Arab League and Israel have been heldCurrent issues in disputeThe following outlined positions are the official positions of the two parties; however, it is important to note that neither side holds a single position. Both the Israeli and the Palestinian sides include both moderate and extremist bodies as well as dovish and hawkish bodies.Many Palestinians nowadays believe that Israel is not really interested in reaching an arrangement, but rather interested in continuing to control the entire territory from the Mediterranean Sea to the Jordan River.On the other hand, many Israelis nowadays believe that the Palestinians’ true intentions are to conquer the Palestine region entirely and that their official claims are only a temporary strategy. As a proof to their claims, they note the rise of the Hamas, which has called for the takeover of all parts of Israel, incitement against Israel made in the Palestinian schools' textbooks and to the Palestinian political violence made against Israeli civilians within the Green Line borders.[18]Due to the large number of opinions and interpretations, the question of the true demands of the parties is a political issue by itself, about which many Israelis and Palestinians disagree.Palestinian RevolutionFighting among rival Palestinian and Arab movements has played a crucial role in shaping Israel's security policy towards Palestinian militants, as well as in the Palestinian leadership's own policies.[citation needed]As early as the 1930s revolts in Palestine, Arab forces fought each other while also skirmishing with Zionist and British forces, and internal conflicts continue to the present day. During the Lebanese Civil War, Palestinian baathists broke from the Palestinian Liberation Organization and allied with the Shia Amal Movement, fighting a bloody civil war that killed thousands of Palestinians.[81][82]In the First Intifada, over a thousand Palestinians were killed in a campaign initiated by the Palestinian Liberation Organization to crack down on suspected Israeli security service informers and collaborators. The Palestinian Authority was strongly criticized for its treatment of alleged collaborators, rights groups complaining that those labeled collaborators were denied fair trials. According to a report released by the Palestinian Human Rights Monitoring Group, less than 45 percent of those killed were actually guilty of informing for Israel.[83]The policies towards suspected collaborators contravene agreements signed by the Palestinian leadership. Article XVI(2) of the Oslo II Agreement statesInternational statusIn the past, Israel has demanded control over border crossings between the Palestinian territories and Jordan and Egypt, and the right to set the import and export controls, asserting that Israel and the Palestinian territories are a single economic space.In the interim agreements reached as part of the Oslo Accords, the Palestinian Authority has received control over cities (Area A) while the surrounding countryside has been placed under Israeli security and Palestinian civil administration (Area B) or complete Israeli control (Area C). Israel has built additional highways to allow Israelis to traverse the area without entering Palestinian cities. The initial areas under Palestinian Authority control are diverse and non-contiguous. The areas have changed over time because of subsequent negotiations, including Oslo II, Wye River and Sharm el-Sheik. According to Palestinians, the separated areas make it impossible to create a viable nation and fails to address Palestinian security needs; Israel has expressed no agreement to withdrawal from some Areas B, resulting in no reduction in the division of the Palestinian areas, and the institution of a safe pass system, without Israeli checkpoints, between these parts. Because of increased Palestinian violence to occupation this plan is in abeyance.Water resourcesIn the Middle East, water resources are of great political concern. Since Israel receives much of its water from two large underground aquifers which continue under the Green Line, the use of this water has been contentious in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. But critics of this argument say that even though Israel withdraws some water from theseareas, it also supplies the West Bank with approximately 40 MCM annually, contributing to 77% of Palestinians' water supply in the West Bank, which is to be shared for a population of about 2.3 million.[88]While Israel's consumption of this water has decreased since it began its occupation of the West Bank, it still consumes the majority of it: in the 1950s, Israel consumed 95% of the water output of the Western Aquifer, and 82% of that produced by the Northeastern Aquifer. Although this water was drawn entirely on Israel's own side of the pre-1967 border, the sources of the water are nevertheless from the shared groundwater basins located under both West Bank and Israel.[89]In the treaty of the Oslo II Accord, both sides agreed to maintain "existing quantities of utilization from the resources." In so doing, the Palestinian Authority established the legality of Israeli water production in the West Bank. Moreover, Israel obligated itself in this agreement to provide water to supplement Palestinian production, and further agreed to allow additional Palestinian drilling in the Eastern Aquifer. Many Palestinians counter that the Oslo II agreement was intended to be a temporary resolution and that it was not intended to remain in effect more than a decade later. Indeed its name is "TheIsraeli-Palestinian Interim Agreement."[90]This agreement also established the right of the Palestinian Authority to explore and drill for natural gas, fuel and petroleum within its territory and territorial waters. It also delineated the major terms of conduct regarding regulations on the parties' facilities.[90]Israel continues to honor its obligations under the Interim Agreement Future and financingNumerous foreign nations and international organizations have established bilateral agreements with the Palestinian and Israeli water authorities. It is estimated that a future investment of about US$ 1.1 billion for the West Bank and US$ 0.8 billion[clarification needed] is needed for the planning period from 2003 to 2015.[92]In order to support and improve the water sector in the Palestinian territories, a number of bilateral and multilateral agencies have been supporting many different water and sanitation programsActions toward stabilizing the conflictIn response to a weakening trend in Palestinian violence and growing economic and security cooperation between Israel and the Palestinian Authority, the Israeli military has removed over 120 check points in 2010 and plans on disengaging from major Palestinian population areas. According to the IDF, terrorist activity in the West Bank decreased by 97% compared to violence in 2002.[118]PA-Israel efforts in the West Bank have "significantly increased investor confidence", and the Palestinian economy grew 6.8% in 2009.Bank of PalestineSince the Second Intifada, Jewish Israelis have been banned from entering Palestinian cities. However, Israeli Arabs are allowed to enter West Bank cities on weekends.The Palestinian Authority has petitioned the Israeli military to allow Jewish tourists to visit West Bank cities as "part of an effort" to improve the Palestinian economy. Israeli general Avi Mizrahi spoke with Palestinian security officers while touring malls and soccer fields in the West Bank. Mizrahi gave permission to allow Israeli tour guides into Bethlehem, a move intended to "contribute to the Palestinian and Israeli economies."[Mutual recognitionThe Oslo peace process was based upon Israel ceding authority to the Palestinians to run their own political and economic affairs. In return, it was agreed that Palestinians would promote peaceful co-existence, renounce violence and promote recognition of Israel among their own people. Despite Yasser Arafat's official renunciation of terrorism and recognition of Israel, some Palestinian groups continue to practice and advocate violence against civilians and do not recognize Israel as a legitimate political entity.[125]Palestinians state that their ability to spread acceptance of Israel was greatly hampered by Israeli restrictions on Palestinian political freedoms, economic freedoms, civil liberties, and quality of life.It is widely felt among Israelis that Palestinians did not in fact promote acceptance of Israel's right to exist.[126][127]One of Israel's major reservations in regards to granting Palestinian sovereignty is itsconcern that there is not genuine public support by Palestinians for co-existence and elimination of terrorism and incitement.[126][127][128] Some Palestinian groups, notably Fatah, the political party founded by PLO leaders, claim they are willing to foster co-existence if Palestinians are steadily given more political rights and autonomy, however, in 2010, even Fatah leaders leaders such as Mahmoud Abbas and Saeb Erekat refused to recognize Israel as a Jewish state.[129] In 2006, Hamas won a majority in the Palestinian Legislative Council, where it remains the majority party. Hamas has openly stated in the past that it completely opposed Israel's right to exist, and its charter states thisGovernmentThe Palestinian Authority is considered corrupt by a wide variety of sources, including some Palestinians.[131][132][133] Some Israelis argue that it provides tacit support for extremists via its relationship with Hamas and other Islamic terrorist movements, and that therefore it is unsuitable for governing any putative Palestinian state or (especially according to the right wing of Israeli politics), even negotiating about the character of such a state.[35]Because of that, a number of organizations, including the previously ruling Likud party, declared they would not accept a Palestinian state based on the current PA.Societal attitudesSocietal attitudes in both Israel and Palestine are a source of concern to those promoting dispute resolution.Some Israelis are concerned that key Palestinian leaders have promoted incitement against and overall non-acceptance of Israel, including promotion of violence against IsraelGaza blockadeAccording to Oxfam, because of an import-export ban imposed on Gaza in 2007, 95% of Gaza’s industrial operations were suspended. Out of 35,000 people employed by 3,900 factories in June 2005, only 1,750 people remained employed by 195 factories in June 2007.[134] By 2010, Gaza's unemployment rate had risen to 40% with 80% of the population living on less than 2 dollars a day.[135] The Israeli Government's cut in the flow of fuel and electricity to the Gaza Strip has also been called collectivepunishment. Jeremy Hobbs, director of Oxfam International, called on Israel “immediately [to] lift its inhumane and illegal siege.”[136]The Israeli governments argues it is justified under international law to impose a blockade on an enemy for security reasons. The power to impose a naval blockade is established under customary international law and Laws of armed conflict.[137]The Military Advocate General of Israel has provided numerous reasonings for the policy:"The State of Israel has been engaged in an ongoing armed conflict with terrorist organizations operating in the Gaza strip. This armed conflict has intensified after Hamas violently took over Gaza, in June 2007, and turned the territory under its de-facto control into a launching pad of mortar and rocket attacks against Israeli towns and villages in southern Israel."Palestinian armyThe Israeli Cabinet issued a statement[142] expressing that it does not wish the Palestinians to build up an army capable of offensive operations, considering that the only party against which such an army could be turned in the near future is Israel itself. However, Israel has already allowed for the creation of a Palestinian police that can conduct police operations and also carry out limited-scale warfare. Palestinians[vague] have argued that the Israel Defense Forces, a large and modern armed force, poses a direct and pressing threat to the sovereignty of any future Palestinian state, making a defensive force for a Palestinian state a matter of necessity. To this, Israelis claim that signing a treaty while building an army is a show of bad intentions.Since 2006, the United States has been training, equipping, and funding the Palestinian Authority's security forces, which have been cooperating with Israel at unprecedented levels in the West Bank to quell supporters of Hamas, the main Palestinian Islamist group that opposes direct negotiations with Israel.[61]The United States government has spent over 500 million building and training the Palestinian National Security Forces and Presidential Guard.[61]The IDF believes the US-trained forces will soon be capable of "overrunning small IDF outposts and isolated Israeli communities" in the event of a conflictMy ViewY ou can image the power of religion,the importace of civilization,the traditon of settlement.According to history,we know Jewish,who majority had clever brains and great possessions,have been jealous for a longterm by other specis or tribes.Unfortunately,they hate violence,but they are injured by violence.Jewish people have been slaughtered for times,such as the Greek invadement and the Nazzi Germany.They have to leave their motherland,moving strange places,then their traces have been found all over the world.They lost everything,they missed their hometown for two thousand years,where were occupied by Arab people.They want to unit these area,they want to rebuild their country,they want to renew their grogious civilization.Most significantly,they want to find a place to rest their souls.Suppose they get back,filled with Jewish people is a catastrophy for Arab,they may lost their homes at the same time.So Jewish built Isreil and Arab built Palestine,these two countries have argued more than one century fately.Even though all of the civitizen hope to get peace.in their deep hearts,they only want to control all the area,that means,the West Bank must be controled by Arab or Jewish,they can’t cooperate with each other.Due to Israel have more benefits to develop euiqments and weapons,Arab have to choose terrorism.I just want to say the conflict have been for a long time with religious reason,traditional customers,civilizations,which is difficult to solve in a short time.Photos。
