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'Dragon man' cranium could help uncover Homo sapiens' origin

“龙人”头骨或有助于揭开智人起源之谜

The world has taken a critical step toward figuring out the origin and evolution of

Homo sapiens, the species all living humans belong to, with Chinese researchers

announcing the discovery of a new species of ancient human they have dubbed

"dragon man".

中国研究人员宣布发现了一种被称为“龙人”的古代新人种，这标志着世界朝着弄清所有现存人类所属的智人的起源和进化迈出了关键的一步。

More closely related to modern humans than Neanderthals, the species researchers

officially named Homo longi sp nov may lead to a rethinking of human evolution. The

announcement was made based on the results of research on a skull that is at least

138,000 years old.

与尼安德特人相比，龙人与现代人类的关系更为紧密，研究人员将其正式命名为“龙人”，这可能会引发人们对人类进化的新的思考。该发现基于对一个至少有着13.8万年历史的头骨的研究结果。

It was reportedly unearthed in 1933 when a bridge was built over the Songhua River

in Harbin, Heilongjiang province. The city was under Japanese occupation at the time,

and the man who found the skull concealed it at the bottom of an abandoned well for

safekeeping.

据报道，该头骨出土于1933年，是人们在黑龙江省哈尔滨市松花江上修建桥梁时发现的。当时，这座城市正处于日本的占领之下，发现头骨的人把它藏在了一口废井中，以便妥善保管。

The fossil was not recovered until the third generation of the anonymous man's family

learned of the secret before his death, according to studies the researchers published

in the journal The Innovation on Friday. 据研究人员上周五发表在《创新》杂志上的研究，直到这位发现头骨的不知名男子在去世前将这个秘密告诉了他的孙子，这块化石才得以被人们发现。

The fossil was then donated in 2018 to the Geoscience Museum of Hebei GEO

University in Shijiazhuang, capital of Hebei province.

2018年，化石的所有者将它捐赠给了位于河北省会石家庄的河北地质大学地球科学博物馆。

The research team used sophisticated geochemical analysis, including rare earth

elements, strontium isotopic ratios and X-ray fluorescence, and direct uranium series

dating on the skull, according to a media release issued by the university on Saturday.

周六，据河北地质大学发布消息称，该研究小组利用前沿的地球化学分析（包括稀土元素对比、锶同位素比值分析、X-射线荧光谱学分析、以及铀系测年法）对头骨进行测定。

"Although it is impossible to pin the skull to an exact location with currently available

technology, all the evidence suggests that it was from a bed of lacustrine sediments

aged between 138,000 and 309,000 years ago in the Harbin region," said Ge Junyi, one

of the members of the research team and a geochemist from the Chinese Academy of

Sciences.

中国科学院的地化学者、科研团队成员葛俊逸说：“尽管现在的技术还不足以把这件头骨的产地和层位准确标定在地图上，但是所有的分析数据都表明这件头骨应该产自哈尔滨地区距今13.8万年——30.9万年的陆相地层。”

Shao Qingfeng, another team member and a geochemist from Nanjing Normal

University, said the team was very confident that the skull is more than 146,000 years

old.

另一位团队成员、来自南京师范大学地化学者邵庆丰表示，他们现在非常确信，这件头骨化石距今至少有14.6万年的历史。

"The Harbin cranium is huge, showing either the largest or second-largest values for

many measurements in our comparative fossil database, and its brain size, at 1,420

milliliters, matches that of modern humans," Chris Stringer, a paleoanthropologist

from the Natural History Museum in London who was also a member of the team, said

in the media release.

来自伦敦自然历史博物馆的古人类学家、团队主研成员克里斯·斯特林格表示：“哈尔滨发现的古人类头骨可以说是巨大的。在我们对比的数据库中，这件古人类头骨的很多测量值都是数一数二大的，脑容量约为1420毫升，堪比现代人类的脑容量。”

Stringer said it is widely believed that the Neanderthals formed a sister group of the

Homo sapiens lineage. "But our analysis suggests that the Harbin cranium and some

other Middle Pleistocene human fossils from China form a third East Asian lineage,

which is actually closer to H. sapiens than the Neanderthals are," he said.

斯特林格说：“以往流行的观点认为尼安德特人是智人支系的姊妹群，但是我们的分析表明哈尔滨发现的古人类头骨化石和中国其他地区发现的一些古人类化石组成一个生活于东亚地区的第三支系，这个支系与智人的亲缘关系要比尼安德特人与智人的关系近得多。”

The excellent preservation of the Harbin skull throws new light on the evolution of the

genus Homo, he added.

他补充道，哈尔滨发现的古人类头骨的完好保存为人类进化提供了新的思路。

(全文共413个词)

重难点词汇：

abandoned [əˈbændənd] adj. 被抛弃的；废弃的

sophisticated [səˈfɪstɪkeɪtɪd] adj. 复杂的；精致的

lineage [ˈlɪniɪdʒ] n. 血统；家系

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考研英语阅读理解外刊原文经济学人

考研英语阅读理解外刊原文经济学人

No one can doubt President Joe Biden’s commitment to clean energy.

Unfortunately, his agenda faces a challenge rarely mentioned by climate activists:

excessive regulation.

没有人能怀疑拜登（Joe Biden）总统对清洁能源的承诺。不幸的是，他的议题面临着一个气候活动人士很少提及的挑战：过度监管。

A report from the National Academies of Sciences found that if the U.S. wants to

reach net-zero emissions by midcentury, it will need to roughly double the share of

electricity it produces from non-carbon sources by 2030. Reaching even that goal —

which could well prove insufficient to the challenge — would require building wind

and solar installations at a historically unprecedented pace.

国家科学院的一份报告发现，如果美国想要在本世纪中叶实现净零排放，那么到2030年，它需要将非碳源发电量的比例提高一倍左右。即使要实现这一目标——很可能被证明不足以应对挑战——也需要以前所未有的速度建设风能和太阳能设施。

As things stand, that’s unlikely. There’s simply too much red tape.

就目前情况来看，这不太可能。繁文缛节太多了。

H考研英语 阅读理解 VOA外刊精选精讲+习题001

H考研英语 阅读理解 VOA外刊精选精讲+习题001

外刊 英⽂ 阅读理解 +练习 002

1. 原⽂

2. 词语表

3. 习题

4. 答案

5. 原⽂中⽂翻译

6. ⻓难句解析

--------------------------------持续更⻓新中----------------------------------------

鲸⻥

In July 2024, a pod of 77 pilot whales washed up on a beach in Orkney, Scotland. It was the largest mass stranding of whales in Scotland for decades. Scientists don't know exactly why whales beach themselves. One theory is that climate change is driving whales' food closer to the shoreline, where they then get stuck as the tide goes out. If a single animal is found, it is usually because it is sick or has been injured.

In the Orkney stranding, 12 of the whales were still alive when they became beached. When this happens, marine organisations assess whether a whale can be safely refloated. Professionals and members of the community often come together, cover the animal in wet sheets and pour buckets of water over it, though not the blowhole, until the animal drifts back out to the ocean. Though it's not always a happy ending.

考研英语阅读理解外刊原文经济学人 2

考研英语阅读理解外刊原文经济学人 2

Diageo last week took a majority stake in Seedlip, a non-alcoholic spirit sold as an

alternative to gin — a move seen by analysts as the drinks giant’s attempt to grab more

of the growing teetotal market. The young are more abstemious than their elders, and

manufacturers and marketers need to keep up.

帝亚吉欧(Diageo)不久前收购了Seedlip的多数股权，这是一种被作为金酒替代品出售的无酒精型烈酒——市场分析师们将此举解读为酒业巨头试图在日益扩张的无酒精饮料市场中分一杯羹。年轻一代相对于他们的长辈在饮酒方面更加节制，酒类生产商和营销机构必须跟上这种趋势。

For those of us who don’t drink or, in my case, only occasionally, a reduction in

others’ drinking, along with a fall in the antisocial consequences, is a welcome

development. At a wedding in Italy this summer, I marvelled as a group of Italian and

French guests partied under a hot afternoon sun and late into the night, without

anyone staggering or slurring in the way they would inevitably have done in the UK.

考研英语阅读理解外刊原文经济学人 3

考研英语阅读理解外刊原文经济学人 3

When bosses walk in employees’ shoes

当老板站在员工的角度思考

It is hard for managers to understand what life is like for staff. But not impossible

管理者很难理解员工的处境，但也不是不可能

Any manager worth their salt knows the value of spending time “walking in their

customers’ shoes”. There are many ways to do it. You can observe customers in their

natural habitat.

任何称职的管理者都知道花时间“站在客户的角度思考”的价值。想做到这一点有很多办法可行。你可以对处在自然状态下的顾客进行观察。

Pernod Ricard’s boss recently told Bloomberg, a news service, about his habit of

bar-hopping in order to see what people want to drink. Such research is a lot less fun

if your company makes soap dispensers for public toilets but the same principle applies.

保乐力加的老板最近向彭博社(一家新闻服务机构)透露，他经常会去酒吧看看人们爱喝什么酒。如果你公司的产品是公厕皂液器，那这种研究方式就不太合适了，不过道理都是一样的。

You can be a customer yourself, buying your company’s products, ringing your