高考英语阅读理解常见的6个命题点
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应考方略I英语胜经
高考英语阅读理解常见的6个命题点
■广东省中山市第二中学刘娴
笔者从近年高考英语阅读理解考査的题目出发，溯本求
源，探寻命题点在文本中的来源，尝试归纳出一般英语阅读 理解文本的重点语义表达处，以期对考生在阅读理解文本中，
有的放矢，迅速抓住有效文本信息，提高阅读的效率。
本文基于近三年高考英语全国卷阅读理解考题与文本的联 系，归纳出文本的重点语义表达特点，即命题的常见区间特点。
1. 转折之后
转折处常常是语义的重点，也是高考生査的重点。表示 转折的词有 however，but，instead，yet，in fact 等。如 2020 年全 国I卷B篇：... But books don’t change, people do. And that’s what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative.
The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. It*s true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, it’s
all about the present. It*s about the now and what one contributes
to the now, because reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull their own weight.
24. Why does the author like rereading?A. It evaluates the writer-reader relationship.
B. It’s a window to a whole new world.C. It * s a substitute for drinking with a friend.D. It extends the understanding of oneself.
分析：本文倡导重读书本，24题推测作者喜欢重读的原 因，原文重说理，难度偏大。但语义重点在转折之处。通过文
本中两个转折句“但是书不会改变，人会改变”以及“但是通 过读书（重读)，一切关乎当下以及如何成为当下的”可知，作 者喜欢重读的原因在于重读能够加深对自我的理解，选D项。2. 比较之中
若文中出现比较，如like (像)，as much as (和.....样)，unlike (和...不同）或比较级或最高级词汇，往往是命题
点。如2018年全国I卷D篇：We may think we*re a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new
study shows that we keep using our old devices (装置）well after they go out of style. That's bad news for the environment and -
our wallets - as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.32. What does the author think of new devices?A. They are environment-friendly.B. They are no better than the old.
C. They cost more to use at home.
D. They go out of style quickly.
分析：本段末句是含比较级，全句句意为“这对环境和 我们的钱包来说是个坏消息，因为这些过时的设备比功能相
同的新设备消耗更多的能量。”也就是说，新设备消耗的能量 更少，即更环保，故选A项。3. 因果关系处
因果关系处颇受命题者所青睐，表明某两个事件之间存 在因果关系的词有 because, since, for，as, therefore，thus，so, consequently, as a result 等。如 2019 年全国 I 卷 C 篇：Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device (装置)that gets around this problem: a
smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the ca
dence (节奏)with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of securi
ty by analyzing things like the force of a user's typing and the
time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each per
son. Thus, the keyboard can determine people’s identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer
it’s connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.
29. What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible?A. Computers are much easier to operate.B. Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.
C. Typing patterns vary from person to person.D. Data security measures are guaranteed.
分析：本文介绍生物识别技术——智能键盘。29题考查
智能键盘发明的基础，根据文本因果句的语义重点“人与人
打字的模式独一无二，因此，键盘可以确定人们的身份。”故 选C项。4. 定语从句中
定语从句也是命题的热点之一。如2020年全国I卷D篇：The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
(MIT) have taken it a step further changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even un-
24 广东教育•高中2021年第6
期GUANG DONG JIAO YU GAO ZHONG
拟好文章结尾，点亮续写主题
■广东省深圳高级中学（集团）东校区方莉苗
读后续写这一题型既综合性地检验考生的语言能力，又 要求其在语篇形式中展现自己的文化意识和思维品质，贴近
新课标中所设定目标的“形成正确的价值观和道德情感”。通
常来说，文章的结尾、主题的升华是考生的深层次理解能力 体现之处，也是其语言精炼所在。本文以1月份八省联考模拟题和3篇续写高考真题为例，
结合考生在写作练笔中的具体困惑，探讨如何拟好点亮续写 主题（theme)的结尾句。[例1】2021年1月八省联考题
故事梗概：陌生人帮助修车后，偷偷返还作者给的报酬。提炼主题：帮助他人。
拟好结尾：这个故事既是“助人”主题，结尾便可融入
陌生家庭不计回报的帮助给作者所带来的冲击或者感慨，并 考虑将具体事件向意义所在（句1)、人生思考（句2)、未来展
望、传递善良（句3、句4)升华。结尾句 1: It was at that moment that I realized such acts of kindness are opportunities to know how good it feels to be kind
and helpful.
结尾句 2: The family made me really moved, and I finally understood it is kindness and help that make the world go around.
usual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed
onto their leaves to show when they*re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.
33. What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineer?
A. To detect plants * lack of water.
B. To change compositions of plants.
C. To make the life of plants longer.D. To test chemicals in plants.
分析：33题考查植物叶片植入传感器的作用，根据文中 两个定语从句对列举植物的解释可知，由前一定语从句“将
传感器植入叶片是为了显示什么时候缺水了”可知，选A项。5.举例项中
列举项中，也可能是高考的命题点，表示列举的词有 such as, for example，for instance 等。如 2020 年全国 I 卷 C 篇：
As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with
running, such as runner^ knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sport's strange form does place considerable stress on
the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries
might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach
or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.
