欧洲民族主义 英文.ppt

Drama developed in the 5th century B.C. Open-air theatres, stone benches,
looking down at the stage from three sides, actors with masks
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a. Aeschylus (525-456 B.C.)
Games, revived in 1896
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3. Homer
Homer (around 7th century B.C.) , author
of the ancient Greek epics—Iliad and Odyssey—the Trojan War in around 1200
B.C.荷马史诗，《伊利亚特》与《奥德 赛》，特洛伊战争
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Greece and Troy
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Rule of Alexander
Ancient Greek king of Macedon (336–323 BC)马其顿, ancient kingdom in the northern-most part of ancient Greece
Alexander fighting Persian king
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Trojan War 特洛伊战争
In Greek mythology and in Iliad and Odyssey
by Homer About 1,200 B. C. War between Greece and Troy Fought over the beautiful Helen Lasted for 10 years Trojan horse, Laocoon(p33) Troy defeated

The European Court of Justice（欧洲法院） is the EU’s arbitration institutions responsible for hear and decide all disputes arising in the implementation of the Treaty on European Union and the relevant provisions,15 judges and 9 prosecutors, appointed jointly by the member governments.
Council of Europe（欧洲理事会), jointly attended by the heads of state or heads of government of the 28 EU member states and the European commission president. It decides to major policies of the European Union, especially the diplomatic aspects of the decision-making.
1967
The institutions of the three European communities are merged, creating a single commission, a single council of ministers and a European parliament
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1957
The six members of the ECSC sign the Treaties of Rome, creating the European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community. The EEC member states aim to remove trade barriers between them and form a common market

历史性：欧洲文 化具有悠久的历 史，从古希腊、 罗马到中世纪、 文艺复兴等时期 都有丰富的文化 遗产
创新性：欧洲文 化具有创新性， 如文艺复兴、启 蒙运动等时期都 推动了人类文明 的进步
影响力：欧洲文 化对全球产生了 深远的影响，如 科学、哲学、艺 术、文学等领域 都产生了重要的 影响
欧洲文化的代表人物和事件
欧洲哲学的思想体系和代表人物
古希腊哲学：苏格拉底、柏拉图、亚里士多 德
启蒙运动时期哲学：伏尔泰、卢梭、康德
中世纪哲学：奥古斯丁、托马斯·阿奎那
德国古典哲学：黑格尔、费尔巴哈、马克思
文艺复兴时期哲学：笛卡尔、培根、霍布斯
现代哲学：尼采、萨特、海德格尔
欧洲历史和哲学的文化内涵和影响
欧洲历史：从古希腊罗马到中世纪， 再到文艺复兴和启蒙运动，欧洲历 史经历了多次变革和进步
欧洲宗教的信仰体系和仪式
东正教：基督教的另一个分支， 强调教会的独立性和传统
新教：基督教的另一个分支， 强调个人信仰和圣经的权威
天主教：基督教的一个分支， 强调教会的权威和传统
仪式：洗礼、婚礼、葬礼等， 都是欧洲宗教的重要仪式
基督教：欧洲最主要的宗教， 信仰上帝和耶稣基督
节日：圣诞节、复活节、万圣 节等，都是欧洲宗教的重要节
欧洲旅游的重要景点和特色
罗马斗兽场：意大利罗马的古 代建筑，可以了解古罗马的历 史和文化
卢浮宫：法国巴黎的著名博物 馆，收藏了大量的艺术品和历 史文物
埃菲尔铁塔：法国巴黎的标志 性建筑，可以俯瞰整个巴黎市 区
威尼斯水城：意大利威尼斯的 水上城市，可以体验独特的水
上生活
巴塞罗那高迪建筑：西班牙巴 塞罗那的建筑，可以欣赏到高
欧洲艺术和音乐在欧洲历史上扮演了重要的角色，如文艺复兴时期、巴洛克时期、古典主义时期等，这些时期的 艺术和音乐对欧洲文化的发展产生了重要的影响。

2021/3/12
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• 1843, the mayflower • 1850, moved to Brunswick, Maine • 1852, Uncle Tom’s Cabin • 1853, A key to Uncle Tom’s Cabin • 1856, A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp • 1862, “the little lady who made this big war”
2021/3/12
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Walt Whitman
• American poet, essayist, journalist, and humanist • 37 –year-old, Leaves of • Grass • Colorful words and vivid image
2021/3/12
31whatmaisieknew梅西所知道的ambassadors大使使节dove鸽翼goldenbowl金碗鸽翼写一位英国记者为钱财追求一个患有不治之症的美国姑娘的故事
• 欧洲文化ppt（group4） • 班级1101 • 组员：
2021/3/12
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1Charles Dickens 2George Eliot 3William Makepeace Thackeray 4Thomas Hardy 5George Bernard Shaw
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Three Stages of Mark Twain’s Thought and Works
• active and lively; • full of acid and Satirical sense; • pessimistic and cynic.

It was the morning那天早晨
It was the morning of that blessed day, 那一天，太阳也为哀悼上帝变得阴晦 Whereon the Sun in pity veiled his glare 我不曾抵抗就做了俘虏， For the Lord's agony, that, unaware, 因为，夫人，您那美丽的眼睛射出的无形视线 I fell a captive, Lady, to the sway 将我捆缚起来，如同囚犯一般。 Of your swift eyes; that seemed no time to stay 当时我没有意识到预防爱神的纠缠， The strokes of love: I stepped into the snare 依然若无其事、自信地迈步向前…… Secure, with no suspicion: then and there 殊不知就在此刻，我的感情之苦 I found my cue in man's most tragic play. 已经伴随着人间之痛一起涌起波涟。 Love caught me naked in his shaft, his sheaf, 在爱神面前我毫无防范， The entrance for his ambush and surprise 从眼睛到心灵全都门扉大开， Against the heart wide open through the eyes, 双眼变成热泪流淌的通道和源泉。 The constant gate and fountain of my grief 但我以为，此情此景之下 How craven so to strike me so, 用箭射中我并不是什么荣耀， Yet from you fully armed conceal his bow!因为对您，一个有防范的人，它从不会放箭。

(3)三民主义——民族主义的发展:孙中山深化了民族主
义扩展到民权、民生,辛亥革命后,提出了五族共和的思想 又进一步提出了明确的反帝主张。
"民族主义",即指以自我民族的利益为基础而进
动。 论题1：近代中国民族主义是在与西方国
往中国冲近突代中民被族动主产义生是的在与。西方国家的交往冲 又在吸论收题西2方：民近族代主中义国精要民与族本主土义思是想在精吸华收的基西础方 完善的义。精特要别与是在本义土和思团想运精动华失的败基之后础,上排逐外渐主义丰 想义影 则响 逐的论式渐。题微流—3行,—：而,摘以成近自民 为代张族 反中鸿国 抗国石家 西民《观 方论族念 入近主和 侵代义主的民杈新的族意的产主识思生义为想、与基资发中调源国展
二、西方近代民族主义的兴起
材料 中世纪的西欧形成了统一的基督教世界，民众 感而言，他们的忠诚要么是对封建领主，要么是对 艺复兴和宗教改革把人们从宗教的束缚下解放出来 重要性提高，世俗权力特别是王权得到加强。通过 译拉丁文《圣经》等方式，作为民族凝聚力重要工 得到普及，使得宗教共同体的地位下降，民族共同
4.发展历程 (1)鸦片战争——民族意识的萌发:鸦片战争的惨败使得
民地半封建社会,人们的思想意识也开始发生改变,人们从 惊醒,人们保家卫国的民族意识开始苏醒。
(2)甲午中日战争——民族的危机意识逐渐强化:甲午中
机空前强化,知识分子掀起了维新变法运动,梁启超、严复 义,以民族危亡唤醒民众,标志着中国近代民族主义产生。 中华民族的概念。
——摘编自李宏图《论近代西欧民族主义和
问题1：根据材料并结合所学知识，分析近代
二、西方近代民族主义的兴起 问题2 思维提升：思考民族国家发展的 段，资产阶级与王权的关系是如何变化

Works: Dead Souls死魂灵
Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev 屠格涅夫(1818-1883)
Turgenev was the first Russion author to gain recognition in the West.
Works: A Hunter’s Sketches
Charterhouse of Parma)巴马修道院
Honore de Balzac 巴尔扎克 (1799-1850)
Balzac has been called “the French Dickens”.
Works: La Comedie Humaine
( the Human Comedy)人间喜剧, Eugenie Grandet欧也妮·葛朗台,
Background
The Historical Background
The realist movement was greatly influenced by the development of science in the 19th century. The age of realism was the age of railway, wireless telegraphy and countless other mechanical inventions that revolutionized the nature of society within a very short span of time.
Le Pere Goriot 高老头 La Cousine Bette贝蒂表妹
Gustave Flaubert福 楼拜 (1821-1880)
Flaubert is one of the great literary artist of the 19th century.

2.Does the UK belong to one of the first members in the EU?
3.How many people does the e relationship between the EU and it’s members?
The countries are independent and are governed in different ways.
2.Does the UK belong to one of the first members in the EU?
No ,it doesn't.
3.How many people does the expanded EU have?
倍数+the size/length/width+of
Practice
1．__A______ability, he is quite fit for the
position.
万一
A．In terms of
B．In case of
由于C．As a result of 面对D．In face of
2．I would like a job which pays more，but
__B___ I enjoy the work I’m doing at the
moment.
A．in other words B．on the other hand
C．In a word D．as a matter of fact
3．Because of his illness，he got
thin__l_it_t_le__b_y__l_it_tl_e__.(逐渐地)

.
4
The leader
.
5
Old age life
.
6
Purpose for My Culture Class
Learning culture is not to recite numerous informations from textbook.
But to improve self-cultivation, to promote one’s thinking ability, then to probe our culture’s merits and defects from different culture, to think about what we should learn from others and what others should learn from ours. So that we could cultivate a habit of thinking and knowinghow to make life meaningful.
.
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2. Social and Political Structure
Democracy — the adult male citizens
Economy — slave labor (exploitation)
Sports
— Olympic Games
.
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3. Homer
Homer 荷马 (around 700 B.C.) , epic 史诗
.
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Democritus 德莫克里特
The earliest materiamlist. Get the English word atom

希腊艺术是理想主义的简朴的强调共性的典雅精致的一句话概括是高贵的单纯静穆的伟大当二次电子数最少为一个时可代替初始电子的作用继续不断从阴极发出电子形成不依赖外界因素的初始电子从而产生自持放电
Division one Greek culture and roman culture
I . Greek Culture
Group one
• Leader:胡锦璞 • Members:孙京、杨建勋、赵元硕、段娟娟
• • • • •
Part 1-3 Part 4-6 Part 7 Part 8 Part 9
胡锦璞 赵元硕 段娟娟 杨建勋 孙 京
1、The Historical Background
• TIME: around 1200B.C. • Establishment : after the war between Greece and Troy. • Cultural Significance: mark by the successful repulse of the Persian invasion . • Spread : Alexander and his armies conquered large areas of Europe Asia and Africa. • End: it was conquered by the Romans
• The Histories — his masterpiece and the only work he is known to have produced — is a record of his "inquiry" , being an investigation of the origins of the Greco-Persian Wars and including a wealth of geographical and ethnographical information. Although some of his stories were not completely accurate, he claimed that he was reporting only what had been told to him. Little is known of his personal history since ancient records are scanty, contradictory and often fanciful.

French Philosophy and
Literature
Baron de la Brede et de Montesquieu (1689-1755)
Voltaire (pseudonym of Jean Francois Arouset, 1694-1778)
Jean-Jacques Rousseau Denis Diderot
1776: the American War of Independence 1789: the French Revolution 1760-1840: the Industrial Revolution
为深入学习习近平新时代中国特色社 会主义 思想和 党的十 九大精 神,贯彻 全国教 育大会 精神,充 分发挥 中小学 图书室 育人功 能
a. A Modest Proposal温 和的建议
b. Gulliver’s Travels格 列佛游记
为深入学习习近平新时代中国特色社 会主义 思想和 党的十 九大精 神,贯彻 全国教 育大会 精神,充 分发挥 中小学 图书室 育人功 能
Samuel Richardson理查森
His type of novel is called the epistolary 书 信体novel,i.e. stories told in a series of letters.
为深入学习习近平新时代中国特色社 会主义 思想和 党的十 九大精 神,贯彻 全国教 育大会 精神,充 分发挥 中小学 图书室 育人功 能
The Age of Enlightenment
Ⅰ. General Introduction Ⅱ. French Philosophy and Literature

Greek Culture
Greek Culture
Lyric Poetry
Sappho (612-580 B.C.) woman poet - The most important lyric poet of ancient Greece - Noted for love poems of passionate intensity
Tragedy Tragedy
Euripides
Andromache, Medea, Tragedy
(484-406 B.C.) Trojan Women
Only two actors and a chorus; Written in verse
Vivid character portrayal and majestic poetry
European Culture: An Introduction
Textbook
《European Culture: An Introduction》 欧洲文化入门
主编：王佐良 祝珏 李品伟 高厚堃 外语教学与研究出版社
chronological
Contents
1. Greek Culture and Roman Culture 2. The Bible and Christianity 3. The Middle Ages 4. Renaissance and Reformation 5. The Seventeenth Century 6. The Age of Enlightenment 7. Romanticism 8. Marxism and Darwinism 9. Realism 10. Modernism and Other Trends 11. Review for Final Test

②work out 算出，解决；制定（计 划，方案等）
work out the physics problem/a plan
③work as 担任…工作，当… She worked as a journalist.
PRACTICE
1. A new_g_a_l_l_er_y_(美术馆) will be built in the city. 2. We are _f_a_c_e_d__(面临) with a difficult decision. 3. There are many a_n__ci_e_n_t(古代) building in Rome. 4.The station is just _o_p_p_o_s_it_e(对面) the store. 5. At last we came to an _a_g_r_e_e_m_e_n_t_(协议). 6. The company will send some _r_e_p_r_es_e_n_t_a_t_iv_e_s_(代
军大败 姚良国 有何咎乎 若夕月之登濛汜 岂可使秦无守信之臣乎 固居高平川 蒙逊曰 傉檀曰 男女无遗 君子小人服章不殊 马脑钟 司马休之等为刘裕所败 通表京师 若得文武之才以绥抚之 则人无所措手足 豫州 寿别遣费黑寇建平 纂退屯敷陆 报德之分未一 为其边害 朗称疾不见 陇
执北中郎将姚广都 假使二寇交侵 与论兵法 商洛人黄金等起义兵以掎宦 遁而不应 征溃围走 杨璧尽获之 车骑大将军 建康公 累有大功 兴许之 时登为姚兴所逼 镇蔡园川 若得张纲为攻具者 奈何忽有斯事 韩别驾之言 赐诜爵关内侯 谢安常设宴请之 苌下书深自责罚 光笑曰 至乃身冒缞
on the northeast coast.
精讲点拨 work构成的常用短语 ①work at 从事于，学习可以用于 任何时态。宾语通常为抽象的事物。

Division seven Romanticism
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What is Romanticism?
Literature, philosophy, music, art. In the late 18th and early 19th
century. individual values and aspirations. Direct contact with nature. Promote the national liberation.
I think of you, when I see the sun's shim mer Gleaming from the sea. I think of you, when the moon's glimmer Is reflected in the springs.
I see you, when on the distant road The dust rises, In deep night, when on the narrow bridge The traveler trembles.
神秘主义and complex symbolism 象 征主义. His poetry is considered one of the most original原创性的, lyric抒情的, and prophetic预言性的.
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Majபைடு நூலகம்r Works
Blake explored issues of divine love in
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古典主义要求简洁、洗练、明朗、精 确的文风，反对烦琐、枝蔓、含糊、 晦涩，崇尚与模仿古希腊罗马经典。 英国在17世纪后期形成了古典主义流 派，但直到18世纪初期才得到发展； 约翰·德莱顿是古典主义的倡导者和实 践者。《论戏剧体诗》（1668）等阐 述了古典主义法则。蒲伯的创作使英 国古典主义达到高潮。