chapter3课件

Homework:
EXERCISES FOR CHAPTER 3 3-1, 3-2, 3-4, 3-5
(purpose/reason of writing) Examples: Thank you for your letter of… It was good to meet you again at last
week’s conference. We wish to hold our annual conference at
Chapter 3 Paragraph & Whole Composition
Summary of Key Points What should you look for when you revise
paragraph? Check for topic sentences and transitions. Writing processes can include eight activities: planning, gathering, writing, evaluating, getting feedback, revising, editing,and proofreading. Revising means changing the document to make it better satisfy the writer’s purposes and the audience
EMS. Please let me know if you need any
further information. Looking forward to hearing from you. Hope to hear from you soon.

一 定义
一个能提供亲核碳负离子的化合物(给体) 与一个能提 供亲电共轭体系(受体)的化合物，在碱性催化剂作用下，发 生亲核1,4-共轭加成反应，此类反应称为麦克尔加成 (Michael, A.)反应。 1,4-addition to ,-unsaturated carbonyl compounds
反应式
O
给体
O + CH 2 =CH-CH=O
受体
EtO EtOH
-
CH 3 CCH 2 CCH 3
O α β (CH 3 C) 2 CH CH 2 CH 2 CHO
5 4 3 2 1 1 ,5 -二 羰 基 化 合 物
常用碱性催化剂：
, Et 3 N, KOH, EtONa, (CH
3 ) 3 COK,
O CH 3 CC H 3 + CH 2 O + M e 2 NH H C l
O
Mannich反应
+
-
CH 3 CC H 2 C H 2 N (CH 3 ) 2 H C l
CH3I
胺的甲基化反应
O
CH 3 CC H 2 C H 2 N (CH 3 ) 3 I
OH-
形成四级铵碱
O CH 3 CC H = CH 2
Chapter 3 Condensation reactions
第3章 缩合反应
第一节 Mannich 反应--氨甲基化反应 第二节 Michael 加成反应
第三节 Robinson 增环反应
第四节 Wittig 反应和Wittig-Horner 反应
第五节 Perkin 反应和 Knoevenagel 反应
+ O O
O
O

第12页，共32页。
Ways to Achieve Conciseness
❖ Avoid nouns made from verbs ❖ Rewrite the passive voice as active ❖ Cut or shorten words or phrases ❖ Combine sentences
If I were president of the university and he was my second in command, things would be very different.
第10页，共32页。
Conciseness (简洁)
❖ A sentence should contain no unnecessary words. If the idea is fully expressed, the fewer words are used, the better. Compare the following:
❖ The earliest electronic computers were not compact. They were considered not reliable at that time.
Qualities of Effective Sentences
❖ Unity （统一） ❖ Coherence （连贯） ❖ Conciseness (简洁) ❖ Variety
第2页，共32页。
Unity（统一）
❖ Unity is one of the fundamental qualities of effective writing. Unity in sentences helps to make the idea clear. A unified sentence expresses a single complete thought. It doesn’t contain ideas that are not closely related ,nor does it express a thought that is not complete by itself.

yesterday.
They watch TV every day. They watched TV
yesterday.
I watch TV every day. I watched TV yesterday.
He plays the piano every day.
He played the piano yesterday.
y除外）”结尾的规则动词，双写最后一个辅音，+-ed
stopped dial led
refer red
I.读P86页Chapter 3单词从ferry—report共14个单 词5遍并背熟。 II.大声听读课文,家长签字 III.抄写下列规则动词2遍,并背熟,家长签字。 work-worked open-opened show-showed laugh-laughed live-lived like-liked cry-cried hurry-hurried carry-carried stop-stopped dial-dialled refer-referred die-died wash-washed prefer-preferred
simple past tense
1.绝大多数的规则动词直接+ -ed work ed open ed show ed laugh ed 2.以字母的“e” 结尾的规则动词直接+ -d
Live lived like liked
3.以辅音字母+y结尾的规则动词，变y 为i,+ -ed cry cried hurry hurried carry carried 4.重读闭音节，以“辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母（w和
一般过去时由动词的过去式表示。动词的时 态变化形式主要分为两大类：规则动词和 不规则动词。规则动词的过去时由动词的 原形加-d或-ed构成；不规则动词的过去时 各自有其特殊形式，须逐个记住。除be以 外，其余动词没有人称和数的变化。动词 be的第一人称单数和第三人称单数过去时 态形式用was，其余用were。