过去进行时
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过去进行时态
一、过去进行时的用法
1.表示过去某一时刻正在进行或发生的动作。例如:
They were watching TV at ten o’clock last night. 昨晚十点他们在看电视。
I was cooking dinner when my husband got home yesterday afternoon. 我丈夫昨天下午到家时,我正在做晚饭。
2.表示过去某一段时间内一直在做或持续进行的动作。例如:
What were you doing yesterday evening? 昨天晚上你一直在干些什么?
He was doing his homework between 8:00 and 9:00 on Sunday morning. 星期日八点到九点他一直在做作业。
3.在复合句中,若主要动作和背景动作是同时发生的,那么主从句都可用过去进行时。例如:
Mary was doing some reading while her younger brother was writing. 玛丽在看书,此时,她弟弟在写字。
4.表示从过去某一时间看来将要发生的动作,尤其是come, go, leave, start等表示位置移动和起止的动词。例如:
She told me she was leaving for Beijing next week. 她告诉我她下周动身去北京。
5.过去进行时可用来表示现在,这主要是为了使语气委婉.客气。如:
I was wondering if you could give me a lift. 我不知你能否让我搭一下车。
We were hoping you would stay with us. 我们很希望你能跟我们住在一起。
注意:一般过去时也有类似用法,但比较而言,用过去进行时显得更客气,更不肯定。例如:
How much did you want to spend, sir? 先生,您打算付多少钱?
6.在问到过去的一段时间如何度过时,过去进行时往往要比一般过去时显得更有礼貌些。例如:
What were you doing during the summer holiday? (暑期你一直在做什么?)要比What did you do during the summer holiday?(暑期你做了什么?)听起来更有礼貌些。 7.与现在进行时相似,过去进行时也通常与 always, forever, continually等副词连用,表示满意.称赞.惊讶.厌恶等感情色彩。例如:
We two were always quarrelling. 我们俩老是吵架。
The boy was continually asking questions. 这孩子总是问东问西的。
二、过去进行时谓语部分的构成
过去进行时谓语部分的基本结构是:“助动词be的过去形式(was/were) +v-ing”。其句式变化主要体现在助动词was和were上。
1.肯定式:was/were +v-ing。例如:
He was waiting for me at that time.
2.否定式:在助动词was或者were的后面加not。例如:
He was not waiting for me at that time.
3.疑问式:将助动词was或者were提前到主语之前。例如:
Was he waiting for me at that time?
三、过去进行时常见的时间状语
1.过去进行时常与过去某一特定时间的状语连用,如 last night, at that time, at
noon yesterday, last Sunday 等。
2.也有时在没有时间状语的情况下,需要通过上下文的暗示或者在同一个句子中的推理来判定用过去进行时。例如:
At that time, we all knew what we were studying for. 那时,我们都知道为什么而学习。
四、做题时常见错误
1.把“be+现在分词”记成“be+过去分词”。例如:
误:He was talked (talk) to his mum at that time.
正:He was talking (talk) to his mum at that time.
解析:过去进行时谓语部分的基本结构是:“助动词be的过去形式(was/were)
+v-ing”。
2.丢掉be动词或忘记把动词变成现在分词。例如:
(1)误:I watching (watch) TV when he came in.
正:I was watching (watch) TV when he came in. (2)误:They were play (play) games at 5:00 . yesterday.
正:They were playing (play) games at 5:00 . yesterday.
解析:过去进行时谓语部分的基本结构是:“助动词be的过去形式(was/were)
+v-ing”。
3.对动词或动词词组提问时丢掉doing。例:
We were flying kites at 5:00 . yesterday. (对划线部分提问)
误:What were you at 5:00 . yesterday?
正:What were you doing at 5:00 . yesterday?
解析:对动词或动词词组提问时,一定要注意添上代动词do的现在分词形式。
4.易与现在进行时弄混。例如:
误:My mother is cooking (cook) when I got home.
正:My mother was cooking (cook) when I got home.
解析:这两种时态的共同点是都表示动作正在进行,但现在进行时前提是现在,而过去进行时前提是过去,由when I got home可看出前提是过去。
5.易与一般过去时弄混。例如:
昨晚我在读一本故事书。
误:I read a story book yesterday evening.
正:I was reading a story book yesterday evening.
解析:这两种时态的共同点是都用于表示过去发生的动作。但过去进行时强调动作正在进行,而一般过去时则表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态,它表示的动作往往已经完成。“在”说明正在进行,而“I read a story book yesterday
evening.”的意思是昨晚我读了一本故事书,言下之意已经读完了。故用过去进行时。