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专利名称：芳基和杂芳基取代的四氢异喹啉及其阻断去甲肾上腺素、多巴胺和5－羟色胺重摄取的用途
专利类型：发明专利
发明人：J·P·贝克,M·A·库里,M·A·史密斯
申请号：CN00818078.4
申请日：20001103
公开号：CN1414953A
公开日：
20030430
专利内容由知识产权出版社提供
摘要：在此提供式(I)化合物，其中R－R如文中所述，R为芳基或杂芳基。
此类化合物特别用于治疗一种疾病，所述疾病由5－羟色胺、去甲肾上腺素或多巴胺的可利用性降低引起或取决于5－羟色胺、去甲肾上腺素或多巴胺的可利用性降低。
申请人：阿尔巴尼分子研究公司
地址：美国纽约州
国籍：US
代理机构：中国专利代理(香港)有限公司
代理人：姜建成
更多信息请下载全文后查看。
hermite polynomial多项式Hermite多项式是一种重要的数学家族，以法国数学家Charles Hermite命名。
Hermite多项式在分析数学、量子力学、概率论和物理学的各个领域中都有广泛的应用。
本文将重点介绍Hermite多项式的定义、性质和应用。
Hermite多项式的定义如下：Hermite多项式是满足以下差分方程的一组正交多项式：Hn(x) - 2xHn-1(x) + 2nHn-2(x) = 0其中，Hn(x)是Hermite多项式的第n阶，它是一个以x为变量的多项式。
H0(x)等于1，H1(x)等于2x。
差分方程中的n是Hermite多项式的次数（阶数）。
Hermite多项式可以通过递推关系来计算。
具体而言，给定Hn-1(x)和Hn-2(x)，可以计算出Hn(x)。
递推公式如下：Hn(x) = 2xHn-1(x) - 2(n-1)Hn-2(x)Hermite多项式的性质主要包括正交性、归一性和三项递推关系。
Hermite多项式是正交多项式，其正交性表现为以下积分等式：∫(-∞,∞) Hn(x)Hm(x)e^(-x^2)dx = n!sqrt(π)δ(n,m)其中，∫(-∞,∞)表示积分对x从负无穷到正无穷进行。
e^(-x^2)是高斯函数，δ(n,m)表示Kronecker Delta函数，当n等于m时为1，否则为0。
正交性可以用于解决两个Hermite多项式的内积计算和多项式逼近问题。
Hermite多项式的归一性要求其满足以下归一条件：∫(-∞,∞) Hn(x)^2e^(-x^2)dx = n!sqrt(π)这意味着归一化的Hermite多项式是单位长度的，归一性不仅有助于计算内积，还能够简化多项式的计算。
Hermite多项式之间存在着一个重要的递推关系，即：Hn+1(x) = 2xHn(x) - 2nHn-1(x)这个递推关系可以用于计算高阶Hermite多项式，从而避免了耗时的多项式展开计算过程。
mutivariable calculus 与calculus的区别Multivariable calculus, also known as multivariate calculus, is a branch of calculus that deals with functions of more than one variable. It extends the concepts of calculus, which are primarily used for studying functions of a single variable, to functions that depend on multiple variables. In this article, we will discuss the key differences between multivariable calculus and calculus.1. Number of Variables:The most obvious difference between multivariable calculus and calculus is the number of variables involved. Calculus typically deals with functions of a single variable, such as finding derivatives and integrals of functions like f(x) or g(t). On the other hand, multivariable calculus deals with functions that depend on multiple variables, such as h(x, y) or k(x, y, z).2. Vectors and Vector Functions:Multivariable calculus often incorporates vectors and vector functions into its analysis. It introduces the concept of vector-valued functions, which map a set of variables to a vector. This is in contrast to calculus, where vectors are rarely used. Understanding vector calculus is crucial in fields like physics, engineering, and computer science, where many problems involve multi-dimensional quantities.3. Partial Derivatives:A key concept in multivariable calculus is partial derivatives. When dealing with functions of multiple variables, we can take the derivative with respect to one variable while keeping other variables constant. These partial derivatives provide informationabout how the function changes when a specific variable changes, while others remain fixed. In calculus, only total derivatives are considered, which capture the change in a function with respect toa single variable.4. Multiple Integration:Integration in multivariable calculus involves integrating over regions in space rather than just along a single axis. Multiple integrals involve integrating a function over a specified region of two or more variables. This concept is not studied in calculus, where only single-variable integrals are considered. Multiple integrals have applications in areas such as finding areas, volumes, and evaluating probabilities in statistics.5. Gradient, Divergence, and Curl:Multivariable calculus introduces vector operations such as gradient, divergence, and curl, which are not present in calculus. The gradient of a function is a vector that points in the direction of steepest increase of the function. Divergence is a measure of how much a vector field spreads out or converges to a point, while curl describes the rotational behavior of a vector field. These concepts are crucial in fields like fluid dynamics and electromagnetism.6. Taylor Series Expansion:In calculus, the Taylor series expansion is often used to approximate functions near a point using a polynomial. Multivariable calculus extends this concept to functions of multiple variables, allowing approximation in higher dimensions. Taylor series expansions in multivariable calculus are used to understand the behavior of functions at a point and derive higher-orderderivatives.7. Optimization in Multiple Variables:Optimization problems involving multiple variables are another key difference between multivariable calculus and calculus. Multivariable calculus allows us to find the maximum or minimum values of functions of multiple variables using techniques such as partial derivatives and the Hessian matrix. This is not explored in calculus, where optimization is typically limited to functions of a single variable.In conclusion, multivariable calculus explores functions of multiple variables, delving into concepts like partial derivatives, multiple integration, vector functions, and optimization in higher dimensions. These concepts extend the principles of calculus and are essential in fields such as physics, engineering, economics, and computer science where problems involve multiple variables and dimensions.。
聚乙二醇化促胰岛素分泌肽类似物的修饰条件优化贺晓强;范开;蔡晓娜;刘立平;陈清【摘要】用化学合成法获得C末端氨基酸为半胱氨酸的Byetta类似物（ByC39），再采用分子量为40kDa的马来酰亚胺活化单甲氧基聚乙二醇（mPEG-mal-40kDa）对ByC39的半胱氨酸巯基进行定点修饰，修饰产物通过阳离子交换层析和反向层析纯化获得。
在已建立的定点修饰反应和分离纯化工艺基础上，通过改变反应条件中修饰pH值、修饰缓冲体系，以及修饰保护剂等因素来得到优化修饰条件：pH值为6．5的CH3COONa-CH3COOH缓冲液，保护剂为2．0mmol／LLys和5．0mmol／LEDTA，mPEG-mal-40kDa／ByC39摩尔比3：1，25℃反应4h；经SDS-PAGE和RP．HPLC检测，可知提高了修饰率以及增加了修饰产物的稳定性；最后加入TFA终止反应。
【期刊名称】《重庆理工大学学报》【年(卷),期】2014(028)002【总页数】4页(P45-48)【关键词】促胰岛素分泌肽;聚乙二醇;修饰条件【作者】贺晓强;范开;蔡晓娜;刘立平;陈清【作者单位】【正文语种】中文【中图分类】Q78促胰岛素分泌肽(glucogan-like peptide-1，GLP-1)是一种主要由肠道L细胞分泌，由30个氨基酸残基组成的肽类激素。
由于其相对分子质量小，在体内容易被二肽基肽酶-IV降解和被循环系统清除，且具有免疫原性和抗原性，因此在临床应用上受到限制［1-3］。
聚乙二醇化(polyethylene glycol，PEG)修饰可起到延长药物半衰期、降低药物的免疫原性和抗原性、减少循环系统清除速率的作用。
随着PEG修饰技术的发展，定点修饰已经成为趋势，而修饰剂马来酰亚胺活化单甲氧基聚乙二醇(PEG Maleimide，mPEG-mal)就是最常用的修饰剂之一［4-6］。
艾塞那肽(商品名为Byetta)是含39个氨基酸的人工合成的多肽，它和天然的GLP-1有53%的同源性，都可以与GLP-1受体结合并激活，且不会被体内二肽基肽酶-IV降解，延长了半衰期［7-10］。
分类号：R180.47单位代码：10719学号：*********密级：延安大学论文题目：双氢青蒿素（DHA）通过调节自噬相关信号诱导PC12分化论文作者：王艺臻指导教师、职称：王璐教授学科、专业名称：神经生物学提交论文日期：零一八年四月创新性声明本人声明所呈交的论文是我个人在导师指导下进行的研究工作及取得的研究成果。
尽我所知，除了文中特别加以标注和致谢中所罗列的内容以外，论文中不包含其他人已经发表或撰写过的研究成果；也不包含为获得延安大学或其它教育机构的学位或证书而使用过的材料。
与我一同工作的同志对本研究所做的任何贡献均已在论文中做了明确的说明并表示谢意。
申请学位论文与资料若有不实之处，本人承担一切相关责任。
本人签名：日期：关于论文使用授权的说明本人完全了解延安大学有关保留和使用学位论文的规定，即：研究生在校攻读学位期间论文工作的知识产权单位属延安大学。
本人保证毕业离校后，发表论文或使用论文工作成果时署名单位仍然为延安大学。
学校有权保留送交论文的复印件，允许查阅和借阅论文；学校可以公布论文的全部或部分内容，可以允许采用影印、缩印或其它复制手段保存论文。
（保密的论文在解密后遵守此规定）本人签名：日期：导师签名：日期：双氢青蒿素（DHA）通过调节自噬相关信号诱导PC12分化神经生物学专业研究生王艺臻指导老师王璐教授摘要：实验目的：双氢青蒿素(DHA)神经毒理学实验发现，DHA干预PC12后，细胞突触伸长，PC12分化速度加快，我们对DHA诱导PC12分化的机制进行探讨。
有望开发有效安全的治疗神经退行性疾病药物。
实验方法：K8比色法检测药物最适浓度，分别用0.01、0.1、1、10、25mg/L DHA干预PC12。
筛选DHA的最适浓度。
2.光学显微镜计数DHA干预PC12细胞形态学的变化以及突触的生长；3.流式细胞术（FACS）分析不同浓度DHA干预PC12细胞内ROS的；4.免疫荧光染色神经元标志物MAP2；5.RT-PCR法相对定量DHA干预PC12后，Beclin、LC-3、ATG5、MAPK基因表达水平检测。
Mathematics Course DescriptionMathematics course in middle school has two parts: compulsory courses and optional courses. Compulsory courses content lots of modern mathematical knowledge and conceptions, such as calculus,statistics, analytic geometry, algorithm and vector. Optional courses are chosen by students which is according their interests.Compulsory Courses:Set TheoryCourse content:This course introduces a new vocabulary and set of rules that is foundational to the mathematical discussions. Learning the basics of this all-important branch of mathematics so that students are prepared to tackle and understand the concept of mathematical functions. Students learn about how entities are grouped into sets and how to conduct various operations of sets such as unions and intersections(i.e. the algebra of sets). We conclude with a brief introduction to the relationship between functions and sets to set the stage for the next stepKey Topics:The language of set theorySet membershipSubsets, supersets, and equalitySet theory and functionsFunctionsCourse content:This lesson begins with talking about the role of functions and look at the concept of mapping values between domain and range. From there student spend a good deal of time looking at how to visualize various kinds of functions using graphs. This course will begin with the absolute value function and then move on to discuss both exponential and logarithmic functions. Students get an opportunity to see how these functions can be used to model various kinds of phenomena.Key Topics:Single-variable functionsTwo –variable functionsExponential functionLogarithmic functionPower- functionCalculusCourse content:In the first step, the course introduces the conception of limit, derivative and differential. Then students can fully understand what is limit of number sequence and what is limit of function through some specific practices. Moreover, the method to calculate derivative is also introduced to students.Key Topics:Limit theoryDerivativeDifferentialAlgorithmCourse content:Introduce the conception of algorithm and the method to design algorithm. Then the figures of flow charts and the conception of logical structure, like sequential structure, contracture of condition and cycle structure are introduced to students. Next step students can use the knowledge of algorithm to make simple programming language, during this procedure, student also approach to grammatical rules and statements which is as similar as BASIC language.Key Topics:AlgorithmLogical structure of flow chart and algorithmOutput statementInput statementAssignment statementStatisticsCourse content:The course starts with basic knowledge of statistics, such as systematic sampling and group sampling. During the lesson students acquire the knowledge like how to estimate collectivity distribution according frequency distribution of samples, and how to compute numerical characteristics of collectivity by looking at numerical characteristics of samples. Finally, the relationship and the interdependency of two variables is introduced to make sure that students mastered in how to make scatterplot, how to calculate regression line, and what is Method of Square.Key Topics:Systematic samplingGroup samplingRelationship between two variablesInterdependency of two variablesBasic Trigonometry ICourse content:This course talks about the properties of triangles and looks at the relationship that exists between their internal angles and lengths of their sides. This leads to discussion of the most commonly used trigonometric functions that relate triangle properties to unit circles. This includes the sine, cosine and tangent functions. Students can use these properties and functions to solve a number of issues.Key Topics:Common AnglesThe polar coordinate systemTriangles propertiesRight trianglesThe trigonometric functionsApplications of basic trigonometryBasic Trigonometry IICourse content:This course will look at the very important inverse trig functions such as arcsin, arcos, and arctan, and see how they can be used to determine angle values. Students also learn core trig identities such as the reduction and double angle identities and use them as a means for deriving proofs. Key Topics:Derivative trigonometric functionsInverse trig functionsIdentities●Pythagorean identities●Reduction identities●Angle sum/Difference identities●Double-angle identitiesAnalytic Geometry ICourse content:This course introduces analytic geometry as the means for using functions and polynomials to mathematically represent points, lines, planes and ellipses. All of these concepts are vital in student’s mathematical development since they are used in rendering and optimization, collision detection, response and other critical areas. Students look at intersection formulas and distance formulas with respect to lines, points, planes and also briefly talk about ellipsoidal intersections. Key Topics:Parametric representationParallel and perpendicular linesIntersection of two linesDistance from a point to a lineAngles between linesAnalytic Geometry IICourse content:Students look at how analytic geometry plays an important role in a number of different areas of class design. Students continue intersection discussion by looking at a way to detect collision between two convex polygons. Then students can wrap things up with a look at the Lambertian Diffuse Lighting model to see how vector dot products can be used to determine the lighting and shading of points across a surface.Key Topics:ReflectionsPolygon/polygon intersectionLightingSequence of NumberCourse content:This course begin with introducing several conceptions of sequence of number, such as, term, finite sequence of number, infinite sequence of number, formula of general term and recurrence formula.Then, the conception of geometric sequence and arithmetic sequence is introduced to students. Through practices and mathematical games, students gradually understand and utilizethe knowledge of sequence of number, eventually students are able to solve mathematical questions.Key Topics:Sequence of numberGeometric sequenceArithmetic sequenceInequalityThis course introduces conception of inequality as well as its properties. In the following lessons students learn the solutions and arithmetic of one-variable quadratic inequality, two variables inequality, fundamental inequality as well how to solve simple linear programming problems. Key Topics:Unequal relationship and InequalityOne-variable quadratic inequality and its solutionTwo-variable inequality and linear programmingFundamental inequalityVector MathematicsCourse content:After an introduction to the concept of vectors, students look at how to perform various important mathematical operations on them. This includes addition and subtraction, scalar multiplication, and the all-important dot and cross products. After laying this computational foundation, students engage in games and talk about their relationship with planes and the plane representation, revisit distance calculations using vectors and see how to rotate and scale geometry using vector representations of mesh vertices.Key Topics:Linear combinationsVector representationsAddition/ subtractionScalar multiplication/ divisionThe dot productVector projectionThe cross productOptional CoursesMatrix ICourse content:In this course, students are introduced to the concept of a matrix like vectors, matrices and so on. In the first two lessons, student look at matrices from a purely mathematical perspective. The course talks about what matrices are and what problems they are intended to solve and then looks at various operations that can be performed using them. This includes topics like matrix addition and subtraction and multiplication by scalars or by other matrices. At the end, students can conclude this course with an overview of the concept of using matrices to solve system of linear equations.Key Topics:Matrix relationsMatrix operations●Addition/subtraction●Scalar multiplication●Matrix Multiplication●Transpose●Determinant●InversePolynomialsCourse content:This course begins with an examination of the algebra of polynomials and then move on to look at the graphs for various kinds of polynomial functions. The course starts with linear interpolation using polynomials that is commonly used to draw polygons on display. From there students are asked to look at how to take complex functions that would be too costly to compute in a relatively relaxed studying environment and use polynomials to approximate the behavior of the function to produce similar results. Students can wrap things up by looking at how polynomials can be used as means for predicting the future values of variables.Key Topics:Polynomial algebra ( single variable)●addition/subtraction●multiplication/divisionQuadratic equationsGraphing polynomialsLogical Terms in MathematicsCourse content:This course introduces the relationships of four kinds of statements, necessary and sufficient conditions, basic logical conjunctions, existing quantifier and universal quantifier. By learning mathematical logic terms, students can be mastered in the usage of common logical terms and can self-correct logical mistakes. At the end of this course, students can deeply understand the mathematical expression is not only accurate but also concise.Key Topics:Statement and its relationshipNecessary and sufficient conditionsBasic logical conjunctionsExisting quantifier and universal quantifierConic Sections and EquationCourse content:By using the knowledge of coordinate method which have been taught in the lesson of linear and circle, in this lesson students learn how to set an equation according the character of conic sections. Students is able to find out the property of conic sections during establishing equations. The aim of this course is to make students understand the idea of combination of number and shape by using the method of coordinate to solve simple geometrical problems which are related to conic sections.Key Topics:Curve and equation OvalHyperbolaParabola。
hermite polynomial多项式【实用版】目录1.赫尔米特多项式的定义与性质2.赫尔米特多项式的应用3.赫尔米特多项式的发展与研究现状正文赫尔米特多项式（Hermite Polynomial）是一种在数学领域中常见的多项式。
它的定义可以追溯到 19 世纪，由法国数学家查尔斯·赫尔米特（Charles Hermite）提出。
赫尔米特多项式具有很多重要的性质，使得它在数学、物理和工程学等领域中都有着广泛的应用。
首先，让我们来了解一下赫尔米特多项式的定义与性质。
赫尔米特多项式是一类关于变量 x 的 n 次多项式，其中 n 是一个非负整数。
这些多项式可以表示为：H_n(x) = ∑(k=0)^n a_k*x^(n-k)*e^(-kx)其中，a_k 是多项式的系数，x 是变量，n 是多项式的阶数，e 是自然对数的底数。
可以看出，赫尔米特多项式的指数部分与变量 x 有关，而系数部分与自然对数的底数 e 有关。
这使得赫尔米特多项式具有一些独特的性质，例如在求导和积分时具有特殊的行为。
接下来，让我们探讨一下赫尔米特多项式的应用。
由于赫尔米特多项式具有很多特殊的性质，它们在数学、物理和工程学等领域中都有着广泛的应用。
例如，在量子力学中，赫尔米特多项式可以用来描述系统的能量状态；在信号处理中，它们可以用来设计滤波器；在图像处理中，赫尔米特多项式还可以用来表示图像的局部特征。
最后，我们来看一下赫尔米特多项式的发展与研究现状。
自 19 世纪以来，许多数学家对赫尔米特多项式进行了深入的研究，发现了它们在各个领域中的许多重要应用。
随着科学技术的不断发展，人们对赫尔米特多项式的研究也在不断深入，这使得它们在越来越多的领域中发挥着重要的作用。
总之，赫尔米特多项式作为一种特殊的多项式，具有很多独特的性质和重要的应用。
