热机,等做的功。因此
W Ws [( PV )m ]
d (mU ) dt
Q Ws [(U 1 u2 gz )m ] [( PV )m ] 2
Q Ws [(U PV 1 u2 gz )m] 2
因为 H = U + PV,得到
Note: Hin is constant and the subscript i denotes the initial state.
Integration
H in U i n H in U ni
Considering the air as an ideal gas, then n PTi ni PiT
d (mU ) dt
Q Ws [( H 1 u2 gz )m ] 2
d ( mU ) dt
[( H
1 u2 2
gz )m ] Q Ws
这就是敞开体系热力学第一定律的通用形式。
Problem
An insulated, electrically heated tank for hot water contains 190 kg of liquid water at 60 0C when a power outage occurs. If water is withdrawn from the tank at a steady rate of 0.2 kg/s, how long will it take for the temperature of the water in the tank to drop from 60 to 35 0C? Assume that cold water enters the tank at 10 0C, and Cv=Cp=C, independent of T and P. (一个保温很好、容量为190kg 的电热水器将水加热到60 0C 时,突然断电。如果此时电热水器以0.2 kg/s的质量流速放 出热水,问需要多长时间电热水器里面的水由60 0C 降到 35 0C?假设:电热水器进口的冷水温度为10 0C,水的CV = CP = C,与温度无关。)