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炭黑的基本常识一，什么是炭黑？产品分册：“碳黑是碳（主要为石油衍生物）经过不完全燃烧形成的精细粉末状的准石墨结构物质，表观呈纯黑色粉或者粒状。
碳黑（无机颜料）不溶于水；有酸碱性之分，燃烧后产生二氧化碳。
碳黑的主要成分是碳，同时包含微量氢，氧，硫（含硫量），灰份（灰分），焦油（甲苯透光率）和水份（加热减量）。
”为了准确把握这一概念，可参看下图和所附电镜照片：碳元素——→准石墨结构——→聚集体——→附聚体——→粒状炭黑（原粉）生（一次结构）（二次结构）←（纳米 nm ）∣（微米μm ）→依靠范德华力（分子间作用力），一次结构的炭黑聚集体会附聚成附聚体（又称二次结构）。
在涂料、油墨或塑胶中，在外力的作用下，炭黑的二次结构变成一次结构，分布在体系中。
而粒状炭黑是为了满足储存、运输、防止污染的需要，经过湿法或干法造粒而生成的粒径更大的炭黑颗粒。
二．什么是颜料碳黑？据2005年统计数据显示，碳黑的全球年产量接近800万吨，其中90%以上为橡胶碳黑，用于橡胶补强用途和汽车轮胎；只有大约10%作为色素用于油墨，塑胶和涂料，称为颜料碳黑（pigment carbon black），色素碳黑(coloring carbon black)或者特种碳黑(special carbon black)。
最稳定的颜料：有很好的耐热性，耐化学性和耐光性。
三．碳黑的用途炭黑具有优良的着色(coloring)、导电(conductive)或抗静电(antistatic)以及紫外线吸收(UV absorption)的功能，因此炭黑可以作为橡胶(rubber) ，轮胎（tyre）等工业中的填充剂，涂料、油墨、塑料、化纤、皮革等工业的着色剂，以及导电剂、抗静电剂、紫外光屏蔽剂等被广泛应用。
四，碳黑技术工艺（生产方法）全球碳黑生产工艺一般为炉法、接触法（主要为槽法和无槽气法）和热解法。
我们正在使用的是最重要也是最常用的生产工艺--炉法和气法。
ULTRASIL® 360Precipitated silica for use as a reinforcement filler in the rubber industry. - Medium-active precipitated silica, suited in particular for injection molding and calandering mixtures as well as for soft roll processes. Character: Low specific surface.Scope of application:Medium-active precipitated silica, suited in particular for injection molding and calandering mixtures as well as for soft roll processes. ULTRASIL® 360 has a significantly lower specific surface compared to highly active precipitated silicas. Easy processing ULTRASIL® 360 mixtures are easier to extrude, and calander or use in injection molding processes also means higher filling grades. The product results in lower residual deformation and excellent dynamic characteristics in vulcanized rubber goods.Highly Dispersible SilicaThe increasing demands on high specification tires requires novel tread compounds, which grant low rolling resistance, good winter performance, long service life and excellent handling properties on wet and dry surfaces.HD Silica developed by Evonik meet these requirements in combination with a bifunctional Silane as coupling agent . Especially with regard to highly efficient mixing cycles and in particular in order to achieve a very good abrasion resistance level, today HD Silica is essential.ULTRASIL® 5000 GRPrecipitated silica for use as a reinforcement filler in the rubber industry.Due to the low specific BET surface area of approximately 115 m2/g the highly dispersible ULTRASIL® 5000 GR combines excellent hysteresis performance and high reinforcement with improved processing behavior in passenger car tire tread compounds. This silica is especially suited to high filler loadings for the optimization of wet and winter properties. ULTRASIL® 5000 GR is only being produced in Asia.ULTRASIL® 7000 GRPrecipitated silica for use as a reinforcement filler in the rubber industry.ULTRASIL® 7000 GR is a highly reinforcing silica which was especially developed for application inlow rolling resistant passenger car tire tread compounds, so called “Green Tire”. With a specific BET surface area of approximately 170 m2/g this silica imparts to tread compounds in combination with bifunctional silanes high abrasion resistance combined with excellent rolling resistance and wet traction.Conventional SilicateMetal Silicates are obtained by replacing a part of the acid used during the precipitation by metallic salts. In rubber mixtures these silicates offer processing and product properties which could only hardly be achieved by pure Silica.ULTRASIL® 880Precipitated silica for use as reinforcement filler in the rubber industry.ULTRASIL® 880 is a precipitated silica with a Calcium admixture and a very low specific BET surface area of approximately 35 m2/g. It gives rubber mixtures excellent residual deformation and extrusion characteristics. ULTRASIL® 880 allows profiles with virtually no swelling and a very smooth surface. Even EPDM mixtures with extremely high filling grades (up to 200 parts per hundred rubber) can still be easily processed. In white mixtures, ULTRASIL® 880 can partially be substituted for titanium dioxide. The effect of sulfur adsorption is negligible.ULTRASIL® AS 7Precipitated sodium aluminum silicate for use as a reinforcement filler in the rubber industry.ULTRASIL® AS 7 is a precipitated aluminum silicate with a low specific BET surface area of approximately 60 m2/g. It combines medium reinforcement properties with particularlytrouble-free handling and processing. The latter allows for higher filler parts than would be possible with highly active precipitated silica. Blending with ULTRASIL® VN 3 or inactive fillers makes it possible to adjust the reinforcement effect within a wide range.ULTRASIL® VN 2Precipitated silica for use as reinforcement filler in the rubber industry. - Ultrasil VN 2 significantly enhances rubber mixtures in terms of Shore hardness, tensile strength, tear resistance and abrasion resistance.Scope of application:ULTRASIL® VN 2 has a reinforcement potential that is only marginally lower than that of ULTRASIL® 3, which has a higher surface. It significantly enhances rubber mixtures in terms of Shore hardness, tensile strength, tear resistance and abrasion resistance. Activators must be added to achieve optimum rubber properties, e.g. glycols, amine or other base accelerators. ULTRASIL® VN 2 GRUltrasil® VN 2 GR significantly enhances rubber mixtures in terms of Shore hardness, tensile strength, tear resistance and abrasion resistance, while preserving mixture viscosity and processing benefits.Scope of application:ULTRASIL® VN 2 GR has a reinforcement potential that is only marginally lower than that of ULTRASIL® VN 3, which has a higher surface. It significantly enhances rubber mixtures in terms of Shore hardness, tensile strength, tear resistance and abrasion resistance, while preserving mixture viscosity and processing benefits. Activators must be added to achieve optimum rubber properties, e.g. glycols, amine or other base accelerators.ULTRASIL® VN 3Precipitated silica for use as reinforcement filler in the rubber industry.Ultrasil® VN 3 has a high reinforcement potential and significantly enhances rubber mixtures in terms of Shore hardness, tensile strength, tear resistance and abrasion resistance.Scope of application:ULTRASIL® VN 3 has a high reinforcement potential and significantly enhances rubber mixtures in terms of Shore hardness, tensile strength, tear resistance and abrasion resistance. Activators must be added to achieve optimum rubber properties, e.g. glycols, amine or other base accelerators. With the appropriate mixture composition, ULTRASIL® VN 3's higher surface means vulcanized goods have greater transparency.ULTRASIL® VN 3 GRPrecipitated silica for use as reinforcement filler in the rubber industry. Granulation means less dust build-up during processing as well as a higher compression density versus powdered forms. Scope of application:ULTRASIL® VN 3 GR has a high reinforcement potential and significantly enhances rubber mixtures in terms of Shore hardness, tensile strength, tear resistance and abrasion resistance. Activators must be added to achieve optimum rubber properties, e.g. glycols, amine or other base accelerators. With the appropriate mixture composition, ULTRASIL® VN 3 GRS's higher surface means vulcanized goods have greater transparency.。
炭黑介绍（全）补强与填充体系介绍（一）发布时间:2008-6-26填料是橡胶工业的主要原料之一，它能赋予橡胶许多优异的性能。
例如，大幅度提高橡胶的力学性能，使橡胶具有磁性、导电性、阻燃性、彩色等特殊的性能，赋予橡胶良好的加工性能，降低成本等。
一．何谓补强与填充？补强：在橡胶中加入一种物质后，使硫化胶的耐磨性、抗撕裂强度、拉伸强度、模量、抗溶胀性等性能获得较大提高的行为。
凡具有这种作用的物质称为补强剂。
填充：在橡胶中加入一种物质后，能够提高橡胶的体积，降低橡胶制品的成本，改善加工工艺性能，而又不明显影响橡胶制品性能的行为。
凡具有这种能力的物质称之为填充剂。
二．填料的分类填料的品种繁多，分类方法不一。
填料按不同方法分类如下：（1）按作用分补强剂：炭黑、白炭黑、某些超细无机填料等。
填充剂：陶土、碳酸钙、胶粉、木粉等。
（2）按来源分有机填充剂：炭黑、果壳粉、软木粉、木质素、煤粉、树脂等。
无机填充剂：陶土、碳酸钙、硅铝炭黑等。
（3）按形状分粒状：炭黑及绝大多数无机填料。
纤维状：石棉、短纤维、碳纤维、金属晶须等。
三．橡胶补强与填充的历史与发展橡胶工业中填料的历史几乎和橡胶的历史一样长。
在Spanish时代亚马逊河流域的印第安人就懂得在胶乳中加入黑粉，当时可能是为了防止光老化。
后来制作胶丝时曾用滑石粉作隔离剂。
在Hancock发明混炼机后，常在橡胶中加入陶土、碳酸钙等填料。
1904年，S. C. Mote用炭黑使橡胶的强度提高到28.7MPa，但当时并未引起足够的重视。
在炭黑尚未成为有效补强剂前，人们用氧化锌作补强剂。
一段时间后，人们才重视炭黑的补强作用。
我国是世界上生产炭黑最早的国家。
1864年美国开始研制炭黑。
1872年世界才实现工业规模的炭黑生产。
炭黑的补强性不仅使它得到广泛的应用，而且也促进了汽车工业的发展。
二战前槽黑占统治地位，50年代后用炉黑代替槽黑、灯烟炭黑，炉黑生产满足了轮胎工业发展的要求。
70年代在炉黑生产工艺基础上进行改进，又出现了新工艺炭黑。
炭黑培训课件一、炭黑概述炭黑，又名碳黑，是一种无定形碳素材料，其粒子直径一般在10-100纳米之间。
炭黑主要由碳元素组成，还含有少量的氧、氢等元素。
炭黑是一种重要的工业原料，广泛应用于橡胶、塑料、油墨、涂料、电缆等行业。
炭黑的主要特性包括粒子的细度、结构、表面活性等。
二、炭黑的制备方法炭黑的制备方法主要有两种，即油炉法和炉法。
1.油炉法：油炉法是炭黑生产中应用最广泛的方法。
该法以石油、煤炭、天然气等烃类化合物为原料，在高温下进行不完全燃烧，炭黑。
油炉法炭黑的特点是粒子细小、结构高、比表面积大。
2.炉法：炉法炭黑是以煤炭、木材等固体燃料为原料，在缺氧条件下进行热解，炭黑。
炉法炭黑的特点是粒子较粗、结构较低、比表面积较小。
三、炭黑的性质与应用1.炭黑的性质炭黑的性质主要包括粒度、结构、比表面积、表面活性等。
（1）粒度：炭黑的粒度是指炭黑粒子的直径。
粒度越小，比表面积越大，活性越高。
炭黑的粒度分为细粒子、中粒子和粗粒子三种。
（2）结构：炭黑的结构是指炭黑粒子之间的聚集状态。
结构越高，炭黑的分散性越好，补强性能越强。
（3）比表面积：炭黑的比表面积是指单位质量炭黑粒子表面积的大小。
比表面积越大，炭黑的活性越高，补强性能越强。
（4）表面活性：炭黑的表面活性是指炭黑粒子表面的化学活性。
表面活性越高，炭黑与其他材料的相容性越好，补强性能越强。
2.炭黑的应用炭黑广泛应用于橡胶、塑料、油墨、涂料、电缆等行业。
炭黑在橡胶工业中的应用最为广泛，主要用作橡胶的补强剂和填料。
炭黑可以显著提高橡胶的强度、耐磨性和抗老化性能。
在塑料工业中，炭黑可以用作塑料的填料和防紫外线剂。
在油墨工业中，炭黑可以用作油墨的颜料和填料。
在涂料工业中，炭黑可以用作涂料的颜料和填料。
在电缆工业中，炭黑可以用作电缆的绝缘材料和导电材料。
四、炭黑的安全与环保炭黑生产过程中会产生一定的粉尘和废气，对环境和人体健康造成一定的影响。
因此，炭黑生产企业和使用炭黑的企业应采取相应的措施，确保炭黑的安全与环保。
