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仪表等级飞行员理论培训stage4-205 HOLDING

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仪表等级飞行员理论培训stage2116REGSPART91,NTSB

仪表等级飞行员理论培训stage2116REGSPART91,NTSB

– resultant danger imminent
• Priority by ATC in an emergency
– report within 48 hours to manager of particular ATC facility if requested
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仪表等级飞行员理论培训 stage2116REGSPART91,NTSB
– 600’ ceiling / 2sm for precision
IAP
– 800’ ceiling / 2sm for nonprecision
– at ETA at alternate
•NO IAP:
• forecast WX must allow descent from MEA to airport under basic VFR
仪表等级飞行员理论培 训stage2-
116REGSPART91,NTS B
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2020/11/9
仪表等级飞行员理论培训 stage2116REGSPART91,NTSB
14 CFR 91.3
• Responsibility and Authority of Pilot in Command
– Not allowed to be operated while an aircraft is under IFR
• Not included in the list is:
– Portable voice recorders – Hearing aids – Heart pacemakers – Electric shavers – Any other device the operator has determined

仪表等级飞行员理论培训stage4-201 DEPARTURE CHARTS

仪表等级飞行员理论培训stage4-201 DEPARTURE CHARTS
is a part of DOT and FAA
Chart subscription services One time purchase

U.S. TERMINAL PROCEDURES PUBLICATION (TPP)
“PLATES”
The purpose of the U.S. Terminal Procedures Publication (TPP) is to enable pilots to guide their aircraft into and out of airports. Whether for departing or arriving, these procedures exist to make the controllers’ and pilots’ jobs safer and more efficient. TPPs include approach procedures, arrival and DPs and airport diagram.
The United States Standard for Terminal Instrument Procedures (TERPS) is the approved criteria for formulating instrument approach procedures.
AIM 5-2-6 What criteria is used to provide obstruction
Henry One
Graphic DPs are relatively simple – they graphically show the NavAids and their relationship to each other.

仪表等级飞行员理论培训stage5-208-209 APPROACH CHARTS

仪表等级飞行员理论培训stage5-208-209 APPROACH CHARTS

Instrument Approach Plates
The Instrument Approach Plate (Or Just “Plate” for Short)
Quiz # 8
What is a MCA and what is the procedure concerning the correct altitude to be flown over it? 2. What is an RCO? 3. On an IFR low altitude enroute chart, what is the difference between a green, blue, and brown airport? 4. You are on a heading of 280, and you are told to hold NW on the 330 radial right turns. Name and describe the hold entry procedure. 5. What is the standard holding pattern? 6. Once established in a hold, your outbound leg is ____ minutes, if your inbound leg takes 1:20 minutes how do you compensate to make your inbound leg 1 minute? 7. What is a STAR, and what is the purpose? 8. What is clearance delivery? 9. On an approach plat what does a white T in a black triangle mean? 10. When on an IFR flight plan, ATC will issue you a hold at least ____ minutes before your ETA at a fix. You will also receive a ______ time.

仪表等级飞行员理论培训stage4-204 ENROUTE PROCEDURES

仪表等级飞行员理论培训stage4-204 ENROUTE PROCEDURES
• If you file through an active restricted airspace, chances are you’ll be re-routed. • Inactive areas are generally no problem. • CALL AHEAD!!!! • If your IFR clearance routes you through a restricted area you have permission to be there. ATC (the controlling agency) has checked with the military or government. (the using agency)
Communication Flow • After your callup
– ATC verifies with Mode C – Controller acknowledges and states “Radar Contact”
• If silence, return to previous frequency
14CFR 91.187
• MALFUNCTION REPORT
• WHO YOU ARE • WHAT BROKE
• HOW IT IS AFFECTING YOUR IFR CAPABILITY • WHAT HELP DO YOU NEED FROM ATC?
SHOULD ALWAYS REPORT WITHOUT REQUEST (AIM 5-3-3)
Communication
• When told to switch frequencies, acknowledge by repeating • Initial Callup

仪表等级飞行员理论培训

仪表等级飞行员理论培训

理论培训的考核标准
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仪表等级飞行员理论培训的考核 内容
仪表等级飞行员理论培训的考核 标准
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仪表等级飞行员理论培训的考核 方式
仪表等级飞行员理论培训的考核 结果
P仪A表R等T级5飞行员理论培训的实
践应用
仪表等级飞行员在飞行中的实践应用
仪表等级飞行员的基本要求：具备相应的理论知识和技能，能够熟练操作飞行仪表和设备。
法与要求
理论培训的方法
制定培训计划：根据学员的实际 情况和需求，制定合理的培训计 划
教学方法：采用多种教学方法， 如讲解、演示、模拟训练等
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教学内容：包括仪表等级飞行员 的理论知识、操作技能、安全知 识等
教学评估：对学员的学习情况进 行评估，及时调整教学计划和教 学方法
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仪表等级飞行员理 论培训
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汇报人：
时间：20XX-XX-XX
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仪表等级飞行 员培训的重要 性
仪表等级飞行 员理论培训的 内容
仪表等级飞行 员理论培训的 方法与要求
仪表等级飞行 员理论培训的 实践应用
先进技术的应用：随着科技的不断进步，无人机、人工智能等先进技术的应用将为仪表等级飞行 员培训提供更多的实践机会和培训手段。
国际化趋势：随着全球化的加速，跨国航空公司的不断扩张将为仪表等级飞行员提供更多的就业 机会和国际化发展机遇。

飞行员国外培训飞行的培训一共分为三个大的阶段-私照(PPL)、仪表等级(IR)、多发商照(MECPL)-

飞行员国外培训飞行的培训一共分为三个大的阶段-私照(PPL)、仪表等级(IR)、多发商照(MECPL)-

一般情况下，从出国到达航校开始，你的培训就开始了，从达到航校到离开航校之前，英语都是大家学习的重点，这个也是国内航空公司送大家出国培训的一个原因，英语的培训可以分为两个方面，第一是日常英语，这个是大家在国外立足生活的根本。

另外一方面的是陆空通话，陆空通话是大家飞行的一个重点，基本的飞行大家都没有问题，但是问题往往就是陆空通话是大家的难点。

飞行的培训一共分为三个大的阶段，私照（PPL）、仪表等级（IR）、多发商照（MECPL），其中每个阶段都是40课。

每个阶段一般都分为不同的小的阶段分别对学习的内容进行考核，每小个阶段的考核基本都分为两部分——口试部分和飞行部分，口试部分先进行，如果口试部分不通过，则不进行飞行部分的考试，如果考核不通过则重新和教员进行复习飞行，直到考核通过则进行下一个阶段的学习。

私照（PPL）共分为3个阶段，其中第一阶段为第19课，口试的内容包含：Takeoff and landing Data / Weight and Balance / Weather（起飞着陆的数据的计算/装载和配平的计算/基本的天气信息的获得和分析）、FAR Part 61 and 91（联邦航空飞行条例61部和91部相关内容）、Airspace pertaining to the local airports and practice areas（与飞行训练区和训练机场有关的空域分析）、Performance and Limitations of the PA 28- 181（训练用飞机PA28-181的基本性能参数和限制）；飞行的学习和考核的内容包含：Normal Crosswind Takeoffs（正常和侧风起飞）、Traffic Pattern Operations（起落航线的操作）、Normal and Crosswind Landings（正常和侧风情况下的降落）、Steep Turn（大坡度转弯）、Slow Flight（慢速飞行）、Stalls（失速：带动力和不带动力失速）、Emergency Landings（紧急着陆）、ATC Communications（陆空通话）、Rejected Landing（中断着陆、复飞）。

仪表等级飞行员理论培训stage5-212 ILS

仪表等级飞行员理论培训stage5-212 ILS

Missed Approach Procedure
Localizer Approach
Can be flown even though glide slope is working. Higher minimums - MDA Seen also as separate approaches Localizer back course approach:
DME
Many times placed near localizer or glide slope transmitter DME in lieu of outer marker DME association
–Compare ILS RWY 11L @ Tucson –ILS/DME RWY 21L @ Prescott
Compass Locators Low power <25 watts / 15 miles range Low or medium frequency (L/MF) radio beacon Collocated with OM or MM
– OM, called Locator Outer Marker (LOM) – MM, called Locator Middle Marker (LMM)
•
•
If angle exceeds 30o then only circling minimums are published Comparable utility and accuracy to Localizer; some LDAs are equipped with a glide slope
ILS Components
Localizer
Alignment with runway centerline Emits a navigational array from far end of runway

仪表等级飞行员 理论培训

仪表等级飞行员 理论培训
• Mandatory Instruction Signs • Location Signs • Direction Signs • Destination Signs • Information Signs • Runway Distance Remaining Signs
Airport Signs • Most airfield signs are standardized.
LAHSO
• Land and Hold Short Operations
– In effect at some controlled airports
• Could be at:
– Intersecting runway – Intersecting taxiway – Designated point on the runway
– Xs or simply blocked off
• Displaced Threshold
– Begin/end normal operations for takeoff and landing rollout, not fordisplaced threshold
• Determination of available landing distance (ALD)
Lighting Systems
• Approach Light System • Visual Glide Slope Indicators • Tri Color VSI • Runway Lighting • Airport Beacon and Obstruction Lights
intending to land.
Causes of Runway Incursion

仪表等级飞行员理论培训stage4-202 DEPARTURE PROCEDURES

仪表等级飞行员理论培训stage4-202 DEPARTURE PROCEDURES
If radar contact is lost, expect to give position reports
“Radar contact”
Washington ARTCC
VFR Departures
Could depart an airport VFR, and then receive IFR clearance from ARTCC.
DPS ARE Optional
Instrument Departures
If at an airport where DP’s are published, expect them.
Turning down a DP
“NO DP” in remarks section of flight plan Verbally when assigned
based on what a pilot in a moving aircraft should see when looking down a runway from the approach end.
Based on transmissometer
Reported in hundreds of feet
To fly a DP
Must have charted procedure Or at least a textual description
IFR Departure Procedures
Established when necessary for airports with IAP’s
And on FAA knowledge test supplement Legend 11
Other Visibility Considerations

仪表等级飞行员理论培训stage5220AS232REVIEW

仪表等级飞行员理论培训stage5220AS232REVIEW

altitude meets obsirements and
only ensures navigational
signal coverage within 22 nm
of the facility
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仪表等级飞行员理论培训 stage5220AS232REVIEW
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仪表等级飞行员理论培训 stage5220AS232REVIEW
What is CLIMB to VFR ON Top?
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仪表等级飞行员理论培训 stage5220AS232REVIEW
What is CLIMB to VFR ON Top?
• Allows a pilot to depart IFR (usually to a fix such as a VOR) and upon reaching VFR conditions, to Cancel the IFR and continue the flight VFR
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仪表等级飞行员理论培训 stage5220AS232REVIEW
List 3 Changeover Points:
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仪表等级飞行员理论培训 stage5220AS232REVIEW
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仪表等级飞行员理论培训 stage5220AS232REVIEW
How can you tell if a triangle is a Compulsory reporting point?
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仪表等级飞行员理论培训 stage5220AS232REVIEW
How can you tell if a triangle is a Compulsory reporting point?

仪表等级飞行员理论培训stage4-206-207 ARRIVAL

仪表等级飞行员理论培训stage4-206-207 ARRIVAL

EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT STAR’S
• STUDY AIM 5ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ4-1!!!
• Bring your approach charts to next class
Class B and C
Terminal Radar Services
Provide vectoring and separation between IFR and VFR traffic and VFR sequencing within terminal areas and handles the transition from the en route segment to the terminal environment.
Altitude
• Specific altitude (“Cleared via”) OR • “Descend via” clearance = follow the altitudes published on the STAR • An amended altitude or routing results in the rest of the charted descent procedure being cancelled. BUT LISTEN…
Arrival Charts
• Purposes:
– smooth transition between the enroute structure and busy terminal areas – complex clearances simplified – supplies an expected plan of action to both pilots and controllers – allows smooth sequencing of traffic
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Holding Pattern Entries
• Entry depends on magnetic heading relative to holding course at the fix. • Three Types
–Direct –Teardrop –Parallel
• •
180° sector approaching fix Fly to fix and turn in appropriate direction
–Hold as published or –Hold on inbound course, right turns
Fig.112
(Refer to figure 112) You receive this
ATC clearance: 'HOLD WEST OF THE ONE FIVE DME FIX ON THE ZERO NINE ZERO RADIAL OF ABC VORTAC, FIVE MILE LEGS, LEFT TURNS...' You arrive at the 15 DME fix on a heading of 350. Which holding pattern correctly complies with these instructions, and what is the recommended entry procedure?
Standard Holding
(For non-standard holding the Teardrop sector will be to the left and Parallel to the right) 70 degree sector on same side as direction of turns in hold
• Begin outbound timing when abeam holding fix or at rollout only if abeam point cannot be determined • Holding side is protected side • Non-holding side has less protected airspace
FAA fig. 115 (Refer to figure 115) You receive this ATC clearance: 'HOLD WEST OF THE ONE FIVE DME FIX ON THE ZERO NINE ZERO RADIAL OF ABC VORTAC, FIVE MILE LEGS, LEFT TURNS...' You arrive at the 15 DME fix on a heading of 350. Which holding pattern correctly complies with these instructions, and what is the recommended entry procedure?
Visualizing Entry Procedures
• There are many different techniques for visualizing holding entry.
Keep in mind that the less “head down” time in the cockpit the better for IFR flight.
• • • • • • •
Weather Clearance limit reached Traffic volume becomes overwhelming Radar failure Manage traffic in non-radar areas Required following a missed approach To gain altitude or lose excess altitude
Differences • Above 14,000’MSL inbound leg is
–1 1/2 minutes.
• Non standard holding is left turns • DME (RNAV/GPS) holding controller issues leg distances rather than times
Fig 117
(Refer to figure 117) You receive this ATC
clearance: '...CLEARED TO THE
ABC NDB. HOLD SOUTHEAST ON THE ONE FOUR ZERO DEGREE BEARING FROM THE NDB. LEFT TURNS...' At station passage you note the indications in figure 117. What is the recommended
P
D
T
Wingtip reference point (90 degrees)
Look for OUTBOUND HEADING (direction of holding) in sector
Procedure
1. Compare cardinal direction to holding course
Teardrop Entry
• Fly parallel to inbound leg using outbound heading on non-holding side for 1 minute • Re-intercept course from holding side
Parallel Entry
• A holding clearance is normally given at least 5 minutes before your ETA.
–“Cessna 7413M, hold west of ANKLE Intersection as published, expect further clearance at 1314.”
• • Refer to the diagram The 70 degree (T) sector will always be on the same side as direction of turns in the hold
3. Whichever sector the holding direction (OUTBOUND HEADING) falls in will determine the best entry procedure
• The EFC time tells you when to continue if radio communication fails.
Uncharted Holding Pattern
• Issued complete holding instructions. • If you’re destitute of a clearance:
– 1) know where you are – 2) know where you want to go – 3) know the pattern orientation – 4) visualize on heading indicator – 5) fly the picture
The 70° Rule
ENROUTE
Holding Procedures
Purposes for Holding
• Method of delaying airborne aircraft
– to help maintain separation – to provide a smooth flow of traffic
DME/RNAV Holding
Crosswind Correction • Find WCA for inbound course • Then triple it for the outbound course
–Why triple? –Compensates for wind drift on outbound leg, plus outbound end Standard Rate Turn These are Techniques….
Anatomy of Holding Pattern
Holding Terms
HOLDING CLEARANCE
• DIRECTION TO HOLD FROM FIX
(The physical location of the INBOUND LEG rounded to the nearest of the 8 CARDINAL COMPASS POINTS)
First turn is always in the direction of the hold
Direct Entry
• Turn to heading 30° from outbound heading “LARS”: (Left Add/ Right Subtract) (based on direction of turns in the hold: L/R) • Maintain for 1 minute
• All turns: – 3ºper second (Standard Rate) – 30ºof bank – 25ºof bank if Flight Director is used Note: use which ever is less
ATC Holding Instructions
• HOLDING FIX • COURSE (RADIAL, BEARING, AIRWAY)
• DIRECTION OF TURNS (IF LEFT TURNS) • LEG LENGTH (IF DME OR GPS)