仪表等级飞行员理论培训
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仪表等级飞行员理论培训stage5-219 IFR FLIGHT PLAN
• (1) Part 97 of this chapter prescribes a standard instrument approach procedure to, or a special instrument approach procedure has been issued by the Administrator to the operator for, the first airport of intended landing; and • (2) Appropriate weather reports or weather forecasts, or a combination of them, indicate the following:
– (i) For aircraft other than helicopters. For at least 1 hour before and for 1 hour after the estimated time of arrival, the ceiling will be at least 2,000 feet above the airport elevation and the visibility will be at least 3 statute miles.
14 CFR 91.167
• Fuel Requirements for Flight in IFR Conditions: – to first airport of intended landing – to alternate airport (if required) – 45 minutes at normal cruising speed
• Alternate is NOT needed when: – first airport has IAP AND
– (i) For aircraft other than helicopters. For at least 1 hour before and for 1 hour after the estimated time of arrival, the ceiling will be at least 2,000 feet above the airport elevation and the visibility will be at least 3 statute miles.
14 CFR 91.167
• Fuel Requirements for Flight in IFR Conditions: – to first airport of intended landing – to alternate airport (if required) – 45 minutes at normal cruising speed
• Alternate is NOT needed when: – first airport has IAP AND
飞行员国外培训飞行的培训一共分为三个大的阶段-私照(PPL)、仪表等级(IR)、多发商照(MECPL)-
一般情况下，从出国到达航校开始，你的培训就开始了，从达到航校到离开航校之前，英语都是大家学习的重点，这个也是国内航空公司送大家出国培训的一个原因，英语的培训可以分为两个方面，第一是日常英语，这个是大家在国外立足生活的根本。
另外一方面的是陆空通话，陆空通话是大家飞行的一个重点，基本的飞行大家都没有问题，但是问题往往就是陆空通话是大家的难点。
飞行的培训一共分为三个大的阶段，私照（PPL）、仪表等级（IR）、多发商照（MECPL），其中每个阶段都是40课。
每个阶段一般都分为不同的小的阶段分别对学习的内容进行考核，每小个阶段的考核基本都分为两部分——口试部分和飞行部分，口试部分先进行，如果口试部分不通过，则不进行飞行部分的考试，如果考核不通过则重新和教员进行复习飞行，直到考核通过则进行下一个阶段的学习。
私照（PPL）共分为3个阶段，其中第一阶段为第19课，口试的内容包含：Takeoff and landing Data / Weight and Balance / Weather（起飞着陆的数据的计算/装载和配平的计算/基本的天气信息的获得和分析）、FAR Part 61 and 91（联邦航空飞行条例61部和91部相关内容）、Airspace pertaining to the local airports and practice areas（与飞行训练区和训练机场有关的空域分析）、Performance and Limitations of the PA 28- 181（训练用飞机PA28-181的基本性能参数和限制）；飞行的学习和考核的内容包含：Normal Crosswind Takeoffs（正常和侧风起飞）、Traffic Pattern Operations（起落航线的操作）、Normal and Crosswind Landings（正常和侧风情况下的降落）、Steep Turn（大坡度转弯）、Slow Flight（慢速飞行）、Stalls（失速：带动力和不带动力失速）、Emergency Landings（紧急着陆）、ATC Communications（陆空通话）、Rejected Landing（中断着陆、复飞）。
仪表等级飞行员理论培训
理论培训的考核标准
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仪表等级飞行员理论培训的考核 内容
仪表等级飞行员理论培训的考核 标准
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仪表等级飞行员理论培训的考核 方式
仪表等级飞行员理论培训的考核 结果
P仪A表R等T级5飞行员理论培训的实
践应用
仪表等级飞行员在飞行中的实践应用
仪表等级飞行员的基本要求：具备相应的理论知识和技能，能够熟练操作飞行仪表和设备。
法与要求
理论培训的方法
制定培训计划：根据学员的实际 情况和需求，制定合理的培训计 划
教学方法：采用多种教学方法， 如讲解、演示、模拟训练等
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教学内容：包括仪表等级飞行员 的理论知识、操作技能、安全知 识等
教学评估：对学员的学习情况进 行评估，及时调整教学计划和教 学方法
YOUR LOGO
仪表等级飞行员理 论培训
,a click to unlimited possibilities
汇报人：
时间：20XX-XX-XX
目录
01
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05
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仪表等级飞行 员培训的重要 性
仪表等级飞行 员理论培训的 内容
仪表等级飞行 员理论培训的 方法与要求
仪表等级飞行 员理论培训的 实践应用
先进技术的应用：随着科技的不断进步，无人机、人工智能等先进技术的应用将为仪表等级飞行 员培训提供更多的实践机会和培训手段。
国际化趋势：随着全球化的加速，跨国航空公司的不断扩张将为仪表等级飞行员提供更多的就业 机会和国际化发展机遇。
仪表等级飞行员理论培训sgeHSIADFRMIDME
• We’ll talk about this more when we learn about ILS
HSI: FAA Fig. 95
HSI: FAA Figs. 98 & 99
Which aircraft symbol represents the indications of HSI ‘A’, ‘B’, etc.?
– Shoreline Effect
• Radio waves travel differently over water than over land.
– Night Effect
• signals bounced off ionosphere - needle fluctuations & interference from distant stations
First note the aircraft Heading, then figure out in which quadrant the aircraft is located
HSI: FAA Figs. 109, 110, 111
What cardinal direction are we located from the VOR station?
– Think of the ‘N’ or ‘0’ at the top of the dial as representing the “NOSE” of the aircraft rather than North.
Precipitation Static
Shorelines Can Refract (Bend) The Signals When They Cross At Small Angles
HSI: FAA Fig. 95
HSI: FAA Figs. 98 & 99
Which aircraft symbol represents the indications of HSI ‘A’, ‘B’, etc.?
– Shoreline Effect
• Radio waves travel differently over water than over land.
– Night Effect
• signals bounced off ionosphere - needle fluctuations & interference from distant stations
First note the aircraft Heading, then figure out in which quadrant the aircraft is located
HSI: FAA Figs. 109, 110, 111
What cardinal direction are we located from the VOR station?
– Think of the ‘N’ or ‘0’ at the top of the dial as representing the “NOSE” of the aircraft rather than North.
Precipitation Static
Shorelines Can Refract (Bend) The Signals When They Cross At Small Angles
仪表等级飞行员理论培训
仪表等级飞行员理论培训概述仪表等级飞行员（Instrument Rating，简称IR）是指具备在飞行中依赖于仪表设备进行导航与飞行操作的能力。
仪表飞行是在无法直接依赖于目视条件进行飞行的情况下，通过仪器设备和导航工具来进行飞行。
仪表等级飞行员理论培训是获得仪表等级飞行资质的重要步骤，本文将详细介绍该理论培训的内容和要求。
仪表等级飞行员理论培训的目标仪表等级飞行员理论培训的主要目标是让飞行员具备通过仪器设备进行飞行操作和导航的能力。
具体目标包括：1.理解和应用仪表飞行规则（Instrument Flight Rules，简称IFR）；2.掌握基本仪器的操作技巧和原理；3.熟悉仪表导航系统和导航工具的使用；4.理解仪表飞行中的气象条件和飞行特性；5.掌握仪表飞行中的通讯规范和流程；6.具备正规仪表进近和着陆的能力。
培训内容仪表等级飞行员理论培训包括多个科目和模块。
以下是主要的培训内容：1. 仪表飞行规则仪表飞行规则（IFR）是飞行员在飞行中依赖仪器设备进行导航和飞行操作的规则。
培训内容包括：•IFR的基本原则和要求；•IFR飞行计划和航路的规划；•IFR飞行中的大气条件和气象对飞行的影响；•IFR航空器的仪表配备和系统。
2. 仪表飞行的基本概念和技巧培训内容包括：•仪表飞行中的姿态和自动驾驶系统；•仪表飞行中的操纵技巧和飞行规程；•仪表飞行中的急进和急减技术。
3. 仪表飞行导航系统培训内容包括：•仪表飞行导航系统的原理和功能；•仪表飞行导航系统的操作和维修；•仪表飞行导航系统的故障排除。
4. 仪表飞行通讯培训内容包括：•仪表飞行通讯的标准和流程；•仪表飞行通讯的基本术语和短语；•仪表飞行通讯中的常见问题和解决方法。
5. 仪表飞行中的气象条件培训内容包括：•仪表飞行中的气象条件和飞行特性；•仪表飞行中的天气观察和飞行计划；•仪表飞行中的天气报告和预报。
6. 仪表进近和着陆培训内容包括：•仪表进近和着陆的基本概念和程序；•仪表进近和着陆的仪表要素和要求；•仪表进近和着陆的常见问题和处理方法。
仪表等级飞行员 理论培训
• Mandatory Instruction Signs • Location Signs • Direction Signs • Destination Signs • Information Signs • Runway Distance Remaining Signs
Airport Signs • Most airfield signs are standardized.
LAHSO
• Land and Hold Short Operations
– In effect at some controlled airports
• Could be at:
– Intersecting runway – Intersecting taxiway – Designated point on the runway
– Xs or simply blocked off
• Displaced Threshold
– Begin/end normal operations for takeoff and landing rollout, not fordisplaced threshold
• Determination of available landing distance (ALD)
Lighting Systems
• Approach Light System • Visual Glide Slope Indicators • Tri Color VSI • Runway Lighting • Airport Beacon and Obstruction Lights
intending to land.
Causes of Runway Incursion
Airport Signs • Most airfield signs are standardized.
LAHSO
• Land and Hold Short Operations
– In effect at some controlled airports
• Could be at:
– Intersecting runway – Intersecting taxiway – Designated point on the runway
– Xs or simply blocked off
• Displaced Threshold
– Begin/end normal operations for takeoff and landing rollout, not fordisplaced threshold
• Determination of available landing distance (ALD)
Lighting Systems
• Approach Light System • Visual Glide Slope Indicators • Tri Color VSI • Runway Lighting • Airport Beacon and Obstruction Lights
intending to land.
Causes of Runway Incursion
仪表等级飞行员理论培训stage5-219IFRFLIGHTPLAN
• Preflight Action: NW KRAFT • (a) For a flight under IFR, pilot should know:
• N- Notams (all available info concerning flight) • W- weather reports and forecasts • K - known traffic delays • R –runway lengths • A- alternatives available • F -fuel requirements • T –Take Off/Landing Distance info, Section (b)
• (b) For any flight, runway lengths at airports of intended use, and the following takeoff and landing distance information:
•“NW KRAFT”
14 CFR 91.103
• Alternate is NOT needed when: – first airport has IAP AND
IFR Flight Considerations
IFR Flight Planning
Flight Overview
• AIM: 5-1-1 to 5-1-13
• Before planning the flight details… take a broad look at your objective. Compare:
– (3) Fly after that for 45 minutes at normal cruising speed.
• N- Notams (all available info concerning flight) • W- weather reports and forecasts • K - known traffic delays • R –runway lengths • A- alternatives available • F -fuel requirements • T –Take Off/Landing Distance info, Section (b)
• (b) For any flight, runway lengths at airports of intended use, and the following takeoff and landing distance information:
•“NW KRAFT”
14 CFR 91.103
• Alternate is NOT needed when: – first airport has IAP AND
IFR Flight Considerations
IFR Flight Planning
Flight Overview
• AIM: 5-1-1 to 5-1-13
• Before planning the flight details… take a broad look at your objective. Compare:
– (3) Fly after that for 45 minutes at normal cruising speed.
仪表等级理论训练大纲-仪表飞行操作
1.4.2计划申报程序
2IFR应急操作程序
2.1宣布遇上特情
2.1.1特情处置
2.2紧急备用油量
2.3通讯失效
2.3.1警报的发出
2.3.监视雷达引导进近
2.5无陀螺仪表进近
2.6故障报告
3IFR决断和飞行要素
3.1决断过程
3.1.1危险态度及矫正方法
3.1.2评估危险
3.1.3辨别和缓解紧急情况
3.1.3 .1压力与人的关系
3.1.3 .2生活压力管理
3.1.3 .3座舱紧张状况管理
3.1.3 .4飞行健康
3.2IFR飞行要考虑的因素
3.2.1设置因素
3.2.2座舱管理
3.2.3自动驾驶仪
3.2.4头戴耳机
3.2.5航空气象
3.2.5 .1航空天气预报的有限性
1、概述
阶段名称
第2阶段
课程名称
仪表飞行操作
课程编号
2.4
课程时间
6.0(小时)
2、课程内容
1IFR飞行计划
1.1开始制定计划
1.1.1航路选择
1.1.2飞行资料汇编
1.2标准天气简述
1.2.1天气简述
1.2.2备降机场要求
1.2.3巡航高度选择
1.3填写航行日记
1.4申报飞行计划
1.4.1计划内容
2IFR应急操作程序
2.1宣布遇上特情
2.1.1特情处置
2.2紧急备用油量
2.3通讯失效
2.3.1警报的发出
2.3.监视雷达引导进近
2.5无陀螺仪表进近
2.6故障报告
3IFR决断和飞行要素
3.1决断过程
3.1.1危险态度及矫正方法
3.1.2评估危险
3.1.3辨别和缓解紧急情况
3.1.3 .1压力与人的关系
3.1.3 .2生活压力管理
3.1.3 .3座舱紧张状况管理
3.1.3 .4飞行健康
3.2IFR飞行要考虑的因素
3.2.1设置因素
3.2.2座舱管理
3.2.3自动驾驶仪
3.2.4头戴耳机
3.2.5航空气象
3.2.5 .1航空天气预报的有限性
1、概述
阶段名称
第2阶段
课程名称
仪表飞行操作
课程编号
2.4
课程时间
6.0(小时)
2、课程内容
1IFR飞行计划
1.1开始制定计划
1.1.1航路选择
1.1.2飞行资料汇编
1.2标准天气简述
1.2.1天气简述
1.2.2备降机场要求
1.2.3巡航高度选择
1.3填写航行日记
1.4申报飞行计划
1.4.1计划内容
飞行员国外培训飞行的培训一共分为三个大的阶段-私照(PPL)、仪表等级(IR)、多发商照(MECPL)-
一般情况下，从出国到达航校开始，你的培训就开始了，从达到航校到离开航校之前，英语都是大家学习的重点，这个也是国内航空公司送大家出国培训的一个原因，英语的培训可以分为两个方面，第一是日常英语，这个是大家在国外立足生活的根本。
另外一方面的是陆空通话，陆空通话是大家飞行的一个重点，基本的飞行大家都没有问题，但是问题往往就是陆空通话是大家的难点。
飞行的培训一共分为三个大的阶段，私照（PPL）、仪表等级（IR）、多发商照（MECPL），其中每个阶段都是40课。
每个阶段一般都分为不同的小的阶段分别对学习的内容进行考核，每小个阶段的考核基本都分为两部分——口试部分和飞行部分，口试部分先进行，如果口试部分不通过，则不进行飞行部分的考试，如果考核不通过则重新和教员进行复习飞行，直到考核通过则进行下一个阶段的学习。
私照（PPL）共分为3个阶段，其中第一阶段为第19课，口试的内容包含：Takeoff and landing Data / Weight and Balance / Weather（起飞着陆的数据的计算/装载和配平的计算/基本的天气信息的获得和分析）、FAR Part 61 and 91（联邦航空飞行条例61部和91部相关内容）、Airspace pertaining to the local airports and practice areas（与飞行训练区和训练机场有关的空域分析）、Performance and Limitations of the PA 28- 181（训练用飞机PA28-181的基本性能参数和限制）；飞行的学习和考核的内容包含：Normal Crosswind Takeoffs（正常和侧风起飞）、Traffic Pattern Operations（起落航线的操作）、Normal and Crosswind Landings（正常和侧风情况下的降落）、Steep Turn（大坡度转弯）、Slow Flight（慢速飞行）、Stalls（失速：带动力和不带动力失速）、Emergency Landings（紧急着陆）、ATC Communications（陆空通话）、Rejected Landing（中断着陆、复飞）。
仪表等级飞行员理论培训stage1109RNAVGPS1A课件
• A minimum of four satellite signals are required to solve for an unaided, unique, position and time solution.
How Does GPS Work? Basic Function of GPS
• Store flight plans
• ARTCC, FSS & COMM data
• Airspace info • Routing Info • IAP approaches • Airport info
• Runway layout
Aviation Benefits From GPS Navigation
each satellite at all times
GPS Velocity
• GPS gives us more than just our position – it can tell us how fast we’re moving as well
Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM)
Requirements for IFR GPS Navigation: AIM 1-1-19
• If loss of RAIM is predicted at ETA, then use alternate or delay/cancel. (Check GPS NOTAMS!)
• NOTEAny required alternate airport must have an approved instrument approach procedure other than GPS that is anticipated to be operational and available at the estimated time of arrival, and which the aircraft is equipped to fly.
How Does GPS Work? Basic Function of GPS
• Store flight plans
• ARTCC, FSS & COMM data
• Airspace info • Routing Info • IAP approaches • Airport info
• Runway layout
Aviation Benefits From GPS Navigation
each satellite at all times
GPS Velocity
• GPS gives us more than just our position – it can tell us how fast we’re moving as well
Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM)
Requirements for IFR GPS Navigation: AIM 1-1-19
• If loss of RAIM is predicted at ETA, then use alternate or delay/cancel. (Check GPS NOTAMS!)
• NOTEAny required alternate airport must have an approved instrument approach procedure other than GPS that is anticipated to be operational and available at the estimated time of arrival, and which the aircraft is equipped to fly.
仪表等级飞行员理论培训stage5220AS232REVIEW
altitude meets obsirements and
only ensures navigational
signal coverage within 22 nm
of the facility
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仪表等级飞行员理论培训 stage5220AS232REVIEW
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仪表等级飞行员理论培训 stage5220AS232REVIEW
What is CLIMB to VFR ON Top?
PPT文档演模板
仪表等级飞行员理论培训 stage5220AS232REVIEW
What is CLIMB to VFR ON Top?
• Allows a pilot to depart IFR (usually to a fix such as a VOR) and upon reaching VFR conditions, to Cancel the IFR and continue the flight VFR
PPT文档演模板
仪表等级飞行员理论培训 stage5220AS232REVIEW
List 3 Changeover Points:
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仪表等级飞行员理论培训 stage5220AS232REVIEW
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仪表等级飞行员理论培训 stage5220AS232REVIEW
How can you tell if a triangle is a Compulsory reporting point?
PPT文档演模板
仪表等级飞行员理论培训 stage5220AS232REVIEW
How can you tell if a triangle is a Compulsory reporting point?
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• (b) For any flight, runway lengths at airports of intended use, and the following takeoff and landing distance information:
•“NW KRAFT”
14 CFR 91.103
仪表等级飞行员理论培训stage5-219IFRFLIGHTPLAN
Flight erview
• AIM: 5-1-1 to 5-1-13
• Before planning the flight details… take a broad look at your objective. Compare:
– Each pilot in command shall, before beginning a flight, become familiar with all available information concerning that flight. This information must include –
– (1) Complete the flight to the first airport of intended landing;
– (2) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, fly from that airport to the alternate airport; and
–Distance with fuel –Weather with route –Terrain with aircraft performance –Goal and your proficiency –Is this trip really necessary?
• § 91.103 Preflight action.
– (3) Fly after that for 45 minutes at normal cruising speed.
• (b) Paragraph (a)(2) of this section does not apply if:
– (1) Part 97 of this chapter prescribes a standard instrument approach procedure to, or a special instrument approach procedure has been issued by the administrator to the operator for, the first airport of intended landing; and
– (2) Appropriate weather reports or weather forecasts, or a combination of them, indicate the following:
• (i) For at least 1 hour before and for 1 hour after the estimated time of arrival, the ceiling will be at least 2,000 feet above the airport elevation and the visibility will be at least 3 statute miles.
• § 91.167 Fuel requirements for flight in IFR conditions
. • (a) No person may operate a civil aircraft in IFR conditions
unless it carries enough fuel (considering weather reports and forecasts and weather conditions) to –
• Preflight Action: NW KRAFT • (a) For a flight under IFR, pilot should know:
• N- Notams (all available info concerning flight) • W- weather reports and forecasts • K - known traffic delays • R –runway lengths • A- alternatives available • F -fuel requirements • T –Take Off/Landing Distance info, Section (b)
14 CFR 91.167
• Fuel Requirements for Flight in IFR Conditions: – to first airport of intended landing – to alternate airport (if required) – 45 minutes at normal cruising speed
• Alternate is NOT needed when: – first airport has IAP AND
• (a) For a flight under IFR or a flight not in the vicinity of an airport, weather reports and forecasts, fuel requirements, alternatives available if the planned flight cannot be completed, and any known traffic delays of which the pilot in command has been advised by ATC;
•“NW KRAFT”
14 CFR 91.103
仪表等级飞行员理论培训stage5-219IFRFLIGHTPLAN
Flight erview
• AIM: 5-1-1 to 5-1-13
• Before planning the flight details… take a broad look at your objective. Compare:
– Each pilot in command shall, before beginning a flight, become familiar with all available information concerning that flight. This information must include –
– (1) Complete the flight to the first airport of intended landing;
– (2) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, fly from that airport to the alternate airport; and
–Distance with fuel –Weather with route –Terrain with aircraft performance –Goal and your proficiency –Is this trip really necessary?
• § 91.103 Preflight action.
– (3) Fly after that for 45 minutes at normal cruising speed.
• (b) Paragraph (a)(2) of this section does not apply if:
– (1) Part 97 of this chapter prescribes a standard instrument approach procedure to, or a special instrument approach procedure has been issued by the administrator to the operator for, the first airport of intended landing; and
– (2) Appropriate weather reports or weather forecasts, or a combination of them, indicate the following:
• (i) For at least 1 hour before and for 1 hour after the estimated time of arrival, the ceiling will be at least 2,000 feet above the airport elevation and the visibility will be at least 3 statute miles.
• § 91.167 Fuel requirements for flight in IFR conditions
. • (a) No person may operate a civil aircraft in IFR conditions
unless it carries enough fuel (considering weather reports and forecasts and weather conditions) to –
• Preflight Action: NW KRAFT • (a) For a flight under IFR, pilot should know:
• N- Notams (all available info concerning flight) • W- weather reports and forecasts • K - known traffic delays • R –runway lengths • A- alternatives available • F -fuel requirements • T –Take Off/Landing Distance info, Section (b)
14 CFR 91.167
• Fuel Requirements for Flight in IFR Conditions: – to first airport of intended landing – to alternate airport (if required) – 45 minutes at normal cruising speed
• Alternate is NOT needed when: – first airport has IAP AND
• (a) For a flight under IFR or a flight not in the vicinity of an airport, weather reports and forecasts, fuel requirements, alternatives available if the planned flight cannot be completed, and any known traffic delays of which the pilot in command has been advised by ATC;