高中英语语法之句子成分共33页

二、谓语 谓语在主语后，只能由动词充当
谓语是对主语动作的陈述和说明，一般在主语之后。表明主语“做
什么”、“是什么”、“怎么样”。有时态、语态的变化，与主语在人
称和数上保持一致。
He likes cold milk. He works hard.
简单谓语
I shall answer your questions after class.
we should do exercise every day.
名词短语 代词
动名词 不定式 宾语从句
四、表语 表语是说明主语「是什么」或「怎么样」的词语，也可以说是说 明主语的情况，或者主语状态的词语。 表语放在连系动词后。 Lily is a Chinese girl. 名词 Five and five is ten. 数词 Mr. Li is over there. 介词 The book is mine. 代词 She looks beautiful in white. 形容词 This is where I first met him. 从句
What is 连系动词？ （1）be动词：am，is，are，was，were （2）感官动词：look，smell，sound，taste，feel （3）变化动词：become，get，go，grow，turn （+adj. 译为“变得”） （4）保持：keep，stay，remain （+adj. 译为“保持”） （5）无实义动词：seem，prove，appear （+adj. 无实际含义，功能类比be动词，译为“是”）
一、主语 主语是一个句子的主题，是句子表达的主体。表示句子所说是“什 么人”“什么事”是动作的发出者。 主语放在谓语动词前 American country music becomes more and more popular. 名词 We often speak English in class. 代词 One-third of the students in this class are girls. 数词 To swim in the river is a great pleasure. 不定式 Smoking does harm to the health. 动名词 When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.

The play has three acts.
This is her first trip to Europe. (代词、数词、不定式)
China is a developing country. (现在分词)
I have nothing to eat. (不定式)
Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here. (定语从句)
school. ② She found it difficult to do the work. ③ They call me Lily sometimes. ④ I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.
指出下列句中的状语 ①There was a big smile on her face. ②Every night he heard the noise
句子成分 与句子基本类型
句子
句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成 的, 是表达一个完整概念的语言单位。
句子开头的第一个字母要大写；结尾 要有句号“.”、问号“?”或感叹号 “﹗”。
Tom likes rock music.
What are you doing now?
How beautiful it is！
(结果状语) Tsinhgeisntgudaenndtsdacnamcinegi.n(t伴o t随he状cl语as)sroom, If he goes, so will I. (条件状语)
句子成分之 同位语 放在名词后面, 与前面的名词指的是
同一人或物。代词、名词、数词和从 句都可以做同位语。
There is a baby. 这里有个小孩。

(5)在“动词+宾语+宾补”的复合结构中,如果宾语是不定式、动名词、宾语从句, 则常用it作形式宾语,而将实际的宾语移到补语后面去。例如：
I found the job rather difficult. 我发觉这个工作相当难做。 I found it rather difficult to do the job. 我发现做这项工作相当困难。
(4)动词后面跟双宾语时，可以采用两种结构： ① 动词+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语(物)。例如： He often gives me some help. 他常常帮我。 ② “动词+直接宾语+介词+间接宾语”中，一般情况介词用to, 但动词是make, buy, borrow时,介词用for. 例如： Please make me a kite./Please make a kite for me. 请给我做个风筝。
(5)祈使句一般省略主语，加主语时往往用来指定某个人。例如： Keep the keyboards clean, children. 孩子们请保持键盘的清洁。 You go there and fetch me a glass of water. 你去给我弄一杯水来。
(6)主语可以由从句充当,详见“主语从句”。
He became a doctor after he left high school. 高中毕业后他当上了医生。 The rubber wheels are over there. 橡胶轮子在那边。
(2)代词作表语一般用主格,口语中常用宾格。例如： It’s I. (It’s me. )是我。
2. 表语的构成及用法
2. 谓语的构成及用法
(2)谓语动词必须反映出人称、单复数、时态等信息变化。谓语部分第一个动词 往往是变形动词。例如：

4. He noticed a man enter the room. (主谓宾+宾补)
5. I have a lot work to do. (主谓宾+宾补)
6. He went to London yesterday. (主谓宾)
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Many thanks!
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★主语一般在句首。
Walls have ears. 名词 He will take you to the hospital. 代词
Three plus four equals seven. 数词 Smoking is not allowed in public places. 动名词 To teach them English is my job. 不定式 →It is my job to teach them English. ★不定式作主语时，常用形式主语it句型
The boy you will know is Tom. 从句
Tom’s father didn’t come home yesterday night.
所有格
I met a friend on my way home. 副词
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六.状语 The Adverbial
用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，说明方式、因果、条件、时间 、地点、让步、方向、程度、频率、目的等.
和系动词一起构成谓语。一般在系动词后
面，用来说明主语的性质，特征，状态等. E.g. My father is a professor. 名词 Everybody is here. 代词 Three times five is fifteen.数词 My new computer is expensive.形容词 His plan is to seek work in the city. to do不定式