高考英语阅读理解的猜词技巧

英语高考猜词策略

猜测词义在英语高考中起到至关重要的作用，以下几种策略在英语学习中经常应用，才能潜移默化地让学生们掌握更多的词汇。

一.定义法

1. It will be very hard but also very brittle------that is , it will break easily.

2. The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650yuan a year.

3. A calendar is a list of the days, weeks, months of a particular year.

定义或释义关系常由定语从句或由is， or， that is (to say), in other words， be called，be known as, be defined as等词汇或破折号来表示

二.根据构词法：合成、派生（前缀、后缀）、转化等

1 With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners

needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence

2. …Yet, shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems, such as shoplifters, who always take away

things from the shop without paying for them. …

A.商店里的小偷 B.商店里的推销员 C.商店里的老客户 D.商店里的搬运工

三. 根据同义词，反义词关系

1. The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year.

2. If you agree, write “Yes”; if you dissent, write “No”.

3. In many nations there are two financial extremes, from penury to great wealth．

小结:and ,or ,such as, like，for example, for instance常连接同义词组 。

四. 根据同位语关系

1. Alexander Graham Bell was born in 1874 in Edinburgh, Scotland. His father was an expert in phonetics, the study of the

sounds of language.

2. We are on the night shift ----from midnight to 8 a.m.---this week. 夜班

五. 根据因果关系

1. All his attempts to unlock the door was futile, because she was using the wrong key.

2. She did not hear what you said because she was completely engrossed in her reading.

小结: 常用关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result, so … that, such … that，therefore等)表示前因后果。

六.根据对比和转折关系

Our maths professor claims that all the problems he gives us are simple ones，however，we feel that they are intricate and

hard to solve.

小结: 表转折关系的词常有如but, while, however, instead of , rather than , unlike, yet, otherwise, though，on the contrary

七. 根据上下文线索

1. The weather in Hawaii is always mild. It is pleasant and warm. There is usually a light wind to cool the air.

How do you guess the underlined word "mild" meaning?

八. 根据生活常识

1. In old days, when girls from rich families were married to their husbands, they expected to bring with themselves a large

quantity of dowry.

2. Most of the roses are beginning to wither because of the cold.

What‟s the meaning of „dowry‟ and„ wither‟? 英语单词记忆法

我们在指导考生备考实践中也积累了许多扩大词汇量的好方法,下面介绍几种。

1.归类记忆：英语中有些动词后接不定式或动名词作宾语时有严格的区别，可以将它们分别归类，只接不定式作宾语的词和词组有：decide，expect，refuse，wish，hope，order，promise，pretend，offer，happen，seem，make

up one′s mind，used，be about，be able等；只接动名词作宾语的词和词组有：mind，risk，avoid，enjoy，escape，keep，appreciate，practise，delay，finish，feel like，can′t help，keep(on)，miss，be used to，excuse，be worth，imagine，put off等。这样，既可记住词汇，又可攻克语法难关。

2.逻辑记忆：通过单词本身的内部逻辑关系，或词与词之间的外部逻辑关系记忆单词。(1)把几个字母看做一个组合来记，如：“-ight”——light，right，fight，night，might，sight，tight。(2)外旧内新，如：bridge“桥”看成b＋ridge(ridge“山脊”)；sharp看成s＋harp(harp“竖琴”)。(3)外新内旧，如：cleave“劈开”看成c＋leave；tact“机智”看成t＋act等。

3.联想记忆：(1)音与形的联想。例如tomb的读音为[tu：m]，很像“土墓”，进而联想出“坟墓”的含义。(2)形与义的联想。例如eye可想象y为鼻子，而两个e为左、右两只眼睛。(3)象声词，联想实际的声音，如：bang撞门声，coo咕咕声。

4.分类记忆：把单词划分门类，如：动物、植物等，进行分类记忆。你可以找一本分类字典作为参考。

5.卡片记忆：自己制作单词卡片随时随身记忆，卡片写上单词的词形、词性、词义、音标、搭配、例句等。

6.构词记忆： 通过构词法记忆单词，能克服机械记忆单词的枯燥乏味和容易遗忘的问题。

(1) 合成词（compounding）.如：hardware(硬件)，network（网络）。

(2) 转化（conversion）.转化是由一种单词类转为另一种词类，如：air(n)(空气) air(v)(通风)。

(3) 派生（derivation）.主要是通过前、后缀词构成新词。

(4) 缩写词（abbreviation）,又叫截短词(clipping)。

(5) 混合词（blending）.如：comsat通信卫星，newcast新闻广播等。

(6) 创新词（neology）.

7.阅读记忆（语境记忆）：通过阅读英语文章、小说等记忆单词，注意难度要适宜。

8.同义词、反义词记忆：通过同义词一起进行单词记忆，可确切理解词义;通过反义词一起进行单词记忆，可以扩大词义。

9.比较记忆：(1)英汉(译音)比较，如：mama(妈妈)，cigar(雪茄)，beer(啤酒)，bar(酒吧)，fee(费用)等。(2)单复数的比较，如：good—goods，spirit—spirits，wood—woods。

(3)同音词的比较，如：right—write，eye—I。

(4)词的阴阳性的比较，如：actor—actress，host—hostess。

最后，近日读书时，偶得一记忆方法“口诀”，可看做上述复习方法的总结，现摘录于下，与考生共勉：

(1)记单词，要“五到”，眼嘴手脑齐开炮；读写背默各几遍，印象清晰记得牢。(“五到”记忆法)

(2)记过单词记心边，几天之后再看看；似忘非忘又温习，反反复复印心间。(循环记忆法)

(3)单词多了别心烦，分片分组来攻占；五个一组先吃掉，几组连成一大片。(分组记忆法)

(4)结合词组句子记，有情有景有意义；重点段落须背诵，理解深刻有乐趣。(理解记忆法)

(5)要想单词不写错，语音一关还得过；读音规律掌握好，拼写自然少差错。(语音记忆法)

(6)分类归纳便于记，同类词汇放一起；bike，plane和jeep，归到交通工具里。(归纳记忆法)

(7)同义近义反义词，辨析对比来记忆，比较对照才开窍，印象深刻记得牢。(对比记忆法)

(8)单词长了容易忘，卡片纸条来帮忙；mathematics不好记，纸条贴到《数学》上。(卡片记忆法)

(9)构词法，要学习，前缀后缀有规律；转换常把词类变，合成本是二合一。(构词记忆法)

(10)课外读物有情趣，单词复现便于记；只要坚持常阅读，一举数得大有益。(阅读记忆法)

高考英语阅读理解的猜词技巧

猜测词义，是指在阅读过程中根据对语篇提供的信息、行文逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或推断某个生词、难词、关键词的词义。英语词语的意义非常丰富，语境不同，词义也就不同。所以解决此类题目要掌握一定的猜词策略。

I.根据上下文语境进行猜测

任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，也是高考的热点。如：

例1.(2002年全国卷，B篇)“Organic produce is always better，”Gold said，“The food is free of

pesticides(农药)，and you are generally supporting family farms instead of large farms. And more often

than not it is locally(本地)grown and seasonal，so it is more tasty.” Gold is one of a growing number

of shoppers buying into the organic trend，and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like