95年08月-04年10月托福真题答案

2004年8月TOEFL试题PART ONE LISTENING1. (A) She left the videos in her other bag.(B) She will return one of the videos today.(C) She returned the videos last week.(D) She forgot how many videos she had borrowed.2. (A) She is not sure if there is a reduced price for students.(B) She is not willing to help the man.(C) She knows that students do not get a discount.(D) She thinks the tickets are free.3. (A) His sister studied at many different schools.(B) His sister will attend the same school he does.(C) His brother will come to visit soon.(D) He is not sure what his brother's plans are.4. (A) It might not be open.(B) It might have what the man is looking for.(C) It has less expensive clothing than the stores in town.(D) It does not sell sweaters.5. (A) The library will be closed later this afternoon.(B) The computers in the library are not working.(C) The man needs his computer all afternoon.(D) The woman lent her computer to somebody.6. (A) She has already paid the bill.(B) The bill should have been paid yesterday.(C) She has extra time to pay the bill.(D) The man can pay the bill next month.7. (A) He lost his watch.(B) lie thought the meeting was for a different day.(C) His history class ended 20 minutes late.(D) He was not paying attention to the time.8. (A) The man and the woman use the same computer.(B) The man cannot help the woman.(C) The woman cannot turn off the computer.(D) The man has helped the woman with her computer before.9. (A) She also thinks the lecture was interesting.(B) She was too tired to learn much from the lecture.(C) She missed the lecture this morning.(D) She did not finish the reading before the lecture.10. (A) Do something easier(B) Think of an idea himself(C) Tell her about his friend(D) Try asking someone else11. (A) She does not like to carry her books around.(B) She prefers reading books to reading on a computer.(C) She did not know the colnputcr version was avadablc.(D) She uses the book when her computer is not working.12. (A) The woman should change her living arrangement.(B) The woman will have to call her roommate.(C) The woman should not spend so much time on the phone.(D) The woman does not clean her apartment often enough.13. (A) He is too busy to come to the picnic.(B) The weather on Sunday will not be good enough for a picnic.(C) The woman should not change the date of the picnic.(D) The woman should invite more people to the picnic.14. (A) Going to the opera is time-consuming.(B) There is no time left to order opera tickets.(C) She would like to go with the man to the opera.(D) She will help the man pay for the opera tickets.15. (A) Explain the article again(B) Compare one historical period to another(C) Tell the class what her opinion is(D) Assign the class only one article to read16. (A) The woman can call the owner from his house.(B) He wants the woman to give him the wallet.(C) He knows who the wallet belongs to.(D) The woman should leave the wallet at his house.17. (A) Read the articles right away(B) Finish typing the letters before 4 o'clock(C) Make the photocopies as soon as possible(D) Go to the meeting late18. (A) He will not be able to attend the class next Friday.(B) He thinks the class will meet as scheduled.(C) The woman should cancel her plans for the weekend.(D) The professor has canceled classes before.19. (A) Stay in bed until he feels better(B) Go see a doctor(C) Take less medicine(D) Take a walk to the drugstore20. (A) The woman needs more work experience.(B) The woman may need to work while attending graduate school.(C) The woman needs to finish writing her statement soon.(D) The woman's work experience is relevant to her career plans.21. (A) Tell her the man left without her(B) Ask her to call the man back later(C) Go to the newspaper office(D) Tell her the man will call her at 2 o'clock22. (A) The woman does not like to drink coffee in the afternoon(B) It was not the woman's coat that the man spilled coffee on.(C) The woman just had her coat cleaned.(D) The woman is not angry with the man.23. (A) The man will easily find a good job ill biochemistry.(B) The man should choose another field with more opportunities.(C) The man should try to get a job before he graduates.(D) The man needs to study harder to be a biochemist.24. (A) He will go to the art exhibition.(B) He did not get an invitation.(C) He already has other plans for Saturday.(D) He wants to join the publicity committee.25. (A) The toothpaste will soon be on sale.(B) She will lend the man seven dollars.(C) Toothpaste prices have risen sharply.(D) Many people are willing to buy the toothpaste.26. (A) She is worried about the midterm exam.(B) She heard the class is very difficult.(C) Professor Johnson is a new teacher.(D) Professor Johnson's leaching style will probably change.27. (A) Change his clothes before he goes hiking(B) Take a radio with him(C) Check the weather report in the local paper(D) Cancel his plans28. (A) She hopes to get into art school.(B) She is looking for a job as a commercial artist.(C) She has talents other than drawing.(D) She cannot decide upon a career.29. (A) He does not know how to get to the clinic.(B) He is going to the clinic for the first time.(C) The clinic will be closed by the time the woman gets there.(D) The woman is going the wrong way.30. (A) He will go to the film Saturday.(B) He will watch a basketball game on Saturday.(C) He will practice with the basketball team on Sunday.(D) He does not like to watch films.31. (A) What the man's plans are for tonight(B) Why the man does not want to play tennis(C) Why they do not have time to play tennis after class today(D) What time they can meet in the library32. (A) Yesterday before dinner(B) Two days ago(C) Last weekend(D) One week ago33. (A) He drank too much coffee last night.(B) He has the flu.(C) He is nervous about his anthropology project.(D) He missed dinner last night.34. (A) Let him win a tennis game(B) Help him finish his anthropology project(C) Give him some medicine for his stomach(D) Lend him her anthropology book35. (A) Safety in poorly lighted areas(B) A new type of outdoor lighting(C) Highway safety(D) Color blindness36. (A) The weather will be foggy later(B) The man will have to leave after dinner.(C) She no longer enjoys walking at night.(D) She wants to avoid rush hour traffic.37. (A) The sodium bulbs used there are stronger than in residential neighborhoods.(B) The spacing of the lights helps ensure true color.(C) The bulbs on highways are a different color.(D) The headlights on cars counter the fade-out effect.38. (A) They last much longer than regular bulbs.(B) They are easy to replace.(C) They conform to the new construction code.(D) They are safer to use than regular bulbs.39. (A) Eliminating the original vegetation from the building site(B) Making the houses in an area similar to one another(C) Deciding where on a site a house will be built(D) Surrounding a building with wildflowers and plants40. (A) They are changed to make the site more interesting.(B) They are expanded to limit the amount of construction.(C) They are integrated into the design of the building.(D) They are removed for construction.41. (A) Because many architects studied with Wright(B) Because Wright started the practice of "land-scraping"(C) Because Wright used elements of envelope building(D) Because most of the houses Wright built were made of stone42. (A) Protecting buyers of paintings(B) Why copies of famous paintings are made(C) How paintings are sold in the United States(D) Protecting artists from illegal use of their work43. (A) After the artwork is reviewed by lawyers(B) After all documents are filed(C) When the artist first gets an idea(D) moment the work of art The is finished44. (A) The buyer has the right to reprint it.(B) The buyer is allowed to change it.(C) The artist continues to hold the copyright for it.(D) The artist must report the sale to the United States Copyright Office.45. (A) The United States Copyright Office created it.(B) It does not protect artists' techniques and procedures.(C) It has not been changed since its creation.(D) It is applied only to copies of the original work.46. (A) The original work of art increases in value.(B) An artist has greater legal protection.(C) Artists can sell their work abroad.(D) Artists are allowed to make changes in their own works.47. (A) To explain how sense organs normally function(B) To point out errors in a recent study(C) To discuss an unusual condition of the brain(D) To present a creative approach to teaching language skills48. (A) Remembering word definitions(B) Recognizing repeated numbers(C) Distinguishing between similar colors(D) Tasting sounds49. (A) To explain the causes of synesthesia(B) To prove that sound and color can affect a person's mood(C) To determine whether or not synesthesia exists(D) To show how creativity can be stimulated50. (A) Consistently associate words with certain colors(B) Memorize long lists of words(C) Use colored printing to learn pronunciation(D) Use words creatively in art objectsPART TWO GrammarIn tile philosophical school of pragmatism, -----certainty and there are no absolutes.(A) there is no(B) is there not(C) neither(D) no2. The femur, or thighbone, is in the human body.(A) the bone is longest(B) the longest bone that(C) the longest bone(D) that of which the longest bone3.------- different kinds of beans are cultivated throughout the world.(A) Many(B) Of the many(C) There are many(D) Many are the4. A major source of rock salt is domes, ------of rock salt embedded in surrounding layers of earth.(A) are that vertical cylinders(B) that vertical cylinders(C) cylinders are vertical(D) vertical cylinders5. Hot springs are one of the most characteristic features of areas of recent volcanic activity, although----- in other areas less abundantly.(A) also to have occurred(B) their occurrence also(C) also occur(D) they do also occur6. Soap operas, a type of television drama series, are so called because at first they were such as soap manufacturers.(A) commercial companies by sponsored(B) companies commercial by sponsored(C) sponsored by commercial companies(D) companies commercial sponsored by7. In the early 1900's, Albert Einstein showed, under special circumstances, matter and energy can be converted into one another.(A) in which(B) that(C) what(D) there are8.------in the United States began in the eighteenth century, when individuals, merchants, and colonial governments loaned money to one another.(A) Banking(B) When banking(C) It was banking(D) Banking was9. By performing specific motions, forager honeybees are able to recruit to gather at a recently discovered food source.(A) while their nestmates(B) so that their nestmates(C) their nestmates(D) their nestmates are10. Although the chemical elements niobium and tantalum are not quite zirconium and hafnium, the differences between them are slight(A) as similar(B) as similar as(C) similar than(D) that similar11. ------both safety and reliability have always been primary goals of the railway mechanicalengineer.(A) Railroad history(B) Railroad history includes (C) Throughout railroad history (D) In railroad history there are12. The trumpet is-----of most dance and jazz bands. (A) a part is important (B) partly important (C) what part is important (D) an important part13. Most whole milk undergoes homogenization, -------hot milk is pumped through valves to break up and permanently disperse the fat globules. (A) a process (B) which process (C) a process in which (D) which is a process14. A lingua franca is any auxiliary language, -------a rudimentary kind, used as a medium of communication between people who speak different languages. (A) of which usually (B) which usually of (C) is usually of (D) usually of15. In 1865 the astronomer Maria Mitchell became appointed to the faculty of Vassar College. (A) as the first woman (B) the first woman was (C) the first woman (D) being the first woman16. Reptiles are found on land and in water, but they cannot alive in frigid climates because theyneed the Sun's warmth to give them energy_ 17. Stone tools began to be replaced around 6,000 years ago by metal tools, who were used tobuildinstruments and simple machines. 18. One of the most famous structures in the world, the Statue of Liberty is widely considered a inspiring symbol of hope and freedom.19. Buses were developed at the beginning of the twentieth century to compete with streetcarsbyA B C D ABCD AB CDABCproviding flexibility greater in routes. 20. Abundant rainfall or irrigation is necessary during the early grow period of coffee, but dry conditions during ripening produce beans with the best flavor.21. There was at least 2,000 years ago that inhabitants of the Northwest Coast of North America first established trade mutes for obsidian.22. The simplest polymers are created when pressure or heat causes small molecules alterslightly and link together in a long chain.23. A Canadian Prime Minister must have the supportive of a majority of the members of the Houseof Commons to remain in office.24. The Ashcan school of painting concentrated on ordinary --even ugly--city scenes,rendering they in straightforward, conventional styles that bordered occasionally on illustration.25. By. the end of the 1950"s, the suburban population of the United States totaled 60 million, approximately equivalence to the urban areas of the country.26. Because it is often dependent of the conditions of crystallization, the composition of theminerals in a rock can be important in determining the rock's geologic history. 27. Endemic diseases are diseases that habitual infect only those persons living within certaingeographical limits.28. Regional geography examines, on a regional basis, the ways in which the people local interact with the environment of the area where they live.29. The Mobile River and its tributaries, which flow south to the Gulf of Mexico, form mostDABC DABDA B C DAB CDAB CDABCDAB C D ABCDAB CD ABCDimportant river system in Alabama.30. Beneath the surface of the ocean there lies a hidden world inhabit by plants and animals weA B Crarely see.D31. Advertising's primary objective is to presell a product, that is, to convince consumers to purchaseA B Can item before they are actually see and inspect it.D32. Fats and fixed oils are greasy or waxy substance that ill their pure state are normally tasteless,A B C Dcolorless, and odorless.'33. Of all the elements in the Earth's crust, oxygen is known to be the more common.A B C D34. In microphotography, processes photographic are used to reproduce text or illustrations onA Bfilm in sizes requiring magnification for reading or viewing them.C D35. The round, hard-shelled nuts of the macadamia tree grow in clusters and are covered withA Bhusks what split when the nuts are ripe.C D36. The United States Social Security Act, enacted in 1935, contained three major programs aA B retirement fund, unemployment insurance, and welfare grants for local distribute.C D37. The light produced by lasers is in general far more monochromatic, powerfully, and coherentA Bthan that from any other light source.C D38. Nineteenth-century United States artist John La Farge was the premier interior designer of hisAtime , receiving commissions for church interiors, private houses, and mural.B C D39. During first ten years of the Space Age, which began in 1957, more than 500 artificialA B Csatellites were rocketed into orbit around the Earth.D40. Settlers streamed into Connecticut River towns in so large numbers between 1765 and 1790A Bthat they nearly doubled the population of Hampshire County, Massachusetts.C DPART THREE READINGPeople living today in the northwestern state of Washington who have many sourcesof news in addition to newspapers must stretch their imaginations to understand the importance of the press during much of the state's history. Beginning in 1852 withThe Cohumblan. the first paper in Washington Territory, ,lewspapers served to connect settlers in frontier communities with each other and with the rnajor events of their times. Unlike many mid-century papers, The Columbian, published every Saturday in Olympia,one of Washington's larger towns, was "neutral in politics," meaning that it was not theorgan of a particular political party or religious group. For its first few years, it was theonly newspaper in the territory, but during the following decades, enterprising Washingtonians founded many other papers. Few of these papers lasted long. Until theturn of the century, most were the production of an individual editor, who might beginwith insufficient capital or fail to attract a steady readership. Often working with nostaff at all, these editors wrote copy, set type, delivered papers, oversaw billing, andsold advertising. Their highly personal journals reflected their own tastes, politics, and known as the "Oregon style"--graphic, torrid, and potentially libelous.Early newspapers were thick with print, carrying no illustrations or cartoons.Advertising was generally confined to the back pages and simply listed commodities received by local stores. Toward the end of the century, newspapers in Washingtonbegan to carry national advertising, especially from patent medicine companies, which bought space from agencies that brokered ads in papers all over the country. By 1900, Washington boasted 19 daily and 176 weekly papers. Especially in the larger cities, they reflected less the personal opinions of the editor than the interests of the large businesses they had become. They subscribed to the Associated Press and United Press news services, and new technology permitted illustrations. Concentrating on features, crime reporting, and sensationalism, they imitated the new mass-circulation papers that William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer were making popular throughout the United States.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) Ways in which various newspapers were advertised in Washington(B) The history of newspapers in Washington(C) Editors of the first Washington newspapers(D) The illustrations in early Washington newspapers2. What does the passage imply about early Washington newspapers?(A) People relied on them as their primary source of news.(B) They contained important historical articles.(C) They were not as informative as today's newspapers.(D) They rarely reflected the views of any particular religion.3. ln line 7. the word “'i t” refers to(A) The Columbian(B) Olympia(C) religious group(D) political party4. In line 13, the word "oversaw" is closest in meaning to(A) estimated(B) supervised(C) collected(D) provided5. In line 15, the word "'delivered'" is closest in meaning to(A) confirmed(B) compared(C) questioned(D) presented6. According to the passage, which of the following was true of curly Washington newspapers?(A) Most were owned by part-time editors who worked at other jobs.(B) Most were run by editors who had little or no earlier newspaper experience.(C) Most received financial support from the town in which they were published.(D) Most stayed in business for only a short while.7. What does the author mention as typical of early newspaper editors from Washington?(A) Their capital grew rapidly.(B) Their political opinions changed with time.(C) They had many types of responsibilities.(D) They were generally members of the same political party.8. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about advertising in Washington newspapers of the mid-nineteenth century?(A) It contained information about patent medicines.(B) It focused on local rather than national products.(C) It was printed on entire pages distributed in local stores.(D) It was the only part of the paper containing cartoons.9. In line 22, the word "boasted" is closest in meaning to(A) planned(B) financed(C) was forced to close(D) took pride in havingEuropa is the smallest of planet Jupiter's four largest moons and the second moonout from Jupiter. Until 1979, it was just another astronomy textbook statistic. Thencame the close-up images obtained by the exploratory spacecraft Voyager 2, and within days, Europa was transformed--in our perception, at least--into one of the solar system's most intriguing worlds. The biggest initial surprise was the ahnost total lack of detail, especially from far away. Even at close range, the only visible features are thin, kinkedbrown lines resembling cracks in an eggshell. And this analogy is not far offthe mark.The surface of Europa is almost pure water ice, but a nearly complete absence ofcraters indicates that Europa's surface ice resembles Earth's Antarctic ice cap. Theeggshell analogy may be quite accurate since the ice could be as little as a few kilometers thick--a tree shell around what is likely a subsurface liquid ocean that, in turn, encasesa rocky core. The interior of Europa has been kept warm over the cons by tidal forces generated by the varying gravitational tugs of the other big moons as they wheel around Jupiter. The tides on Europa pull and relax in an endless cycle. The resulting internal heat keeps what would otherwise be ice melted almost to the surface. The cracklike marks on Europa's icy face appear to be fractures where water or slush oozes from below.Soon after Voyager 2's encounter with Jupiter in 1979, when the best images ofEuropa were obtained, researchers advanced the startling idea that Europa's subsurface ocean might harbor life. Life processes could have begun when Jupiter was releasing avast store of internal heat. Jupiter's early heat was produced by the compression of the material forming the giant planet. Just as the Sun is far less radiant today than the primal Sun, so the internal heat generated by Jupiter is minor compared to its former intensity. During this warm phase, some 4.6 billion years ago, Europa's ocean may have been liquid right to the surface, making it a crucible for life.10. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The effect of the tides on Europa's interior(B) Temperature variations on Jupiter's moons(C) Discoveries leading to a theory about one of Jupiter's moons(D) Techniques used by Voyager 2 to obtain close-up images11. The word "intriguing" in line 5 is closest in meaning to(A) changing(B) perfect(C) visible(D) fascinating12. In line 7, the author mentions "cracks in an eggshell" in order to help readers(A) visualize Europa as scientists saw it in the Voyager 2 images(B) appreciate the extensive and detailed informalion available by viewing Europa from far away(C) understand the relationship of Europa to the solar system(D) recognize the similarity of Europa to Jupiter's other moons13. It can be inferred from the passage that astronomy textbooks prior to 1979(A) provided many contradictory statistics about Europa(B) considered Europa the most important of Jupiter's moons(C) did not emphasize Europa because little information of interest was available(D) did not mention Europa because it had not yet been discovered14. What does the author mean by stating in line 7 that "this analogy is not far off the mark"?(A) The definition is not precise.(B) The discussion lacks necessary information.(C) The differences are probably significant.(D) The comparison is quite appropriate.15. It can be inferred from the passage that Europa and Antarctica have in common which of the following?(A) Both appear to have a surface with many craters.(B) Both may have water beneath a thin, hard surface.(C) Both have an ice cap that is melting rapidly.(D) Both have areas encased by a rocky exterior.16. The word "endless" in line 14 is closest in meaning to(A) new(B) final(C) temporary(D) continuous17. According to the passage, what is the effect of Jupiter's other large moons on Eurnpa?(A) They prevent Europa's subsurface waters from freezing.(B) They prevent tides that could damage Europa's surface.(C) They produce the very hard layer of ice that characterizes Europa.(D) They assure that the gravitational pull on Europa is maintained at a steady level.18. According to the passage, Voyager 2's images Ied rcsearchers to develop which of the following theories'?(A) Jupiter may be hotter today than it once was.(B) Europa is far older than scientists originally thought(C) Europa's temperature is maintained by Jupiter's vast store of internal heat.(D) The ocean waters of Europa could contain some forms of life.19 The word "it" in line 24 refers to(A) internal heat(B) warm phase(C) Europa's ocean(D) surfaceThe term "print" has several meanings, so it is important to understand exactly what is meant by the artistic terminology. A print in the artistic sense is not a reproduction of awork of art done in some other medium, such as painting or drawing. That can in no sensebe considered a work of art, since the artist had no involvement with it. A print is an original work of art created by an indirect method. Instead of making an image directly on a surface, as in drawing or painting, the artist works on a master surface, which may be a sheet of metal, a block of stone, wood, plastic, or linoleum. From this master surface, numerous impressions may be made by inking the surface, laying a sheet of paper on it, and then subjecting both surface and paper to pressure, generally by means of a printing press.A print may exist in several versions. Sometimes the printmaker alters the image between impressions, so that each print is slightly different from the others. Any series of such prints is referred to as multiples. The number of impressions (known as the edition) that are possible from a single original varies with the material. Prints made from linoleum, which wears readily, will be fewer than those made from a metal plate, which is capable of striking fine-quality prints in the thousands. It is customary to number prints as they come off the press, the earlier impressions being the finest and therefore the most desirable.Prints incorporate the same compositional principles, as paintings. Line, shape, or texture may be the predominant element according to the printing technique used. Some prints have obvious decorative qualities while others may be filled with emotional impact.Printmaking derives from two historical sources: early woodblocks into which animage was cut and used to illustrate a book or playing cards, and the medieval practice of decorating metal with incised designs, as in armor. Today most techniques fall into one of。

2004年10月托福试题(最新真题第21套)听力：听力居然有个往年的题，就是那个，男的说工作要加班多给钱也不愿干，（这句一莫一样，女的说得不太一样），旧题说的是，有很多人愿意干他这份工作呢，这次说的是，找老板谈谈。

还有我觉得，sand那篇的第一问，在讨论什么，应选A，为什么烫脚吧。

总的感觉听力的确没有往年难，我没有听到什么新习语呀。

而且缎子体也比较简单，就是听到最后一段怎么也集中不起精力来了，所以那个关于electricity的题是懵的。

前面的小对话不是很难，个别有些习语，看过听力习语的应该没问题，只是25－30那边因为在一道题目上面耽搁了一下，所以后面有两题溜过去了。

只记得第一个了，男的说要去哪儿玩，女的说不好玩。

两个长对话中第一个讲教书的对话最难，没想到，这么多次题目都没这个思路，真让人ft。

是说一个教师教课不好，两个人就交流，m很郁闷，觉得自己的课程tedious，。

没听进去。

然后w就说***将历史音乐等等一些元素和课程结合的到了很好的效果，m就觉得很exciting,然后决定去问****有关的具体细节。

5个题目，有4个细节题，段子末尾出乐一题。

狠毒！男的说教introducescience，但是学生不懂，然后女的就说有个某某教授用music还有movie来教学生physics。

这个对话居然是5个题，我没有注意，然后第五个题目就没有听到。

1问的是发生了什么事don't understand2问的是man教什么introductory science3问的是为什么学生听不明白 no interest4问的是woman提到的另外一个老师是怎么做的 relateideas to outside interests5问的是man接下来干什么get more information第二个对话是男的说沙子怎么这么hot但是水这么cold，然后女的说你没有听某某教授的课，讲了这个跟什么heat相关，我想大概是热容吧，因为水需要更多能量以升高温度。

中石油内部的托福经验【无老师力荐】May 3rd, 2010这篇文章内容稍老，但是无老师认为体现的学习方法很值得借鉴。

实在，写这个东西，不外是对自己三年来研究糊口生计回忆的一个开始，也算是对将来有志于来中石油涉外工作人的一个匡助，惠人惠己。

中石油对于涉外的职员都要进行托福代考试，考试地点在学院路上的石油大院里的59号楼和新成立的中石油石化研究院同处一栋楼。

左边牌子是中石油考试中央，右边是中石油石化研究院。

在考试之前已经对了中石油内部托福有了良多的了解，这些了解多来自于网上特别是地平线bbs，一些前辈的经验。

自己实在从一进校门开始，就比较正视英语，听过中石油不少公司宣讲，知道中石油对托福成绩是很看重的，从研一就开始学习托福，不外期中断断续续没有很能坚持下来。

不外应该说，中石油的内部托福是比现在的新托福替考要轻易很多。

下面就几个方面来谈谈中石油内部托福如何温习。

假如你是从研一开始预备，又不是那么功利的只是为了短时间突破，想进步自己的英语能力的话，那么你最先做的是要买一本托福词汇，俞敏洪的红宝书是编的比较好的一本书，个人推荐一下。

假如说你的意志力比较坚强，能长期坚持学习英语，英语底子又不太差，经济前提答应，究竟是1300多元啊，再加上买资料等等，恐怕有的人还要报班等等，下来怎么也得2000元，那么考一次新托福也是不错的选择。

究竟钱一交上去，就可以促使你学英语。

但是据我所了解不少同学，尽管报了托福，在邻近考试的时候又都抛却了，由于硕士阶段的事情确实既多又杂。

以上都是长期学习的打算，能从根本上进步英语的能力，托福考试也是测试你英语能力的一个考试。

假如你想短期突破托福考试，那么就有必要知道内部托福的特点。

因为中石油内部托福的出题范围是95-05年的托福原题包括北美试题，所以假如在短期突破，那么直接背谜底将会是一个不错的选择。

这样实在粗粗算下来也有47套左右，每套听力有50个，语法有40个，阅读有50个，这里需要知道的是中石油内部托福是不考主观题的，都是选择题，如斯多的标题题目全背下来也是一个不小的工作量。

智课网TOEFL备考资料文勇的老托福阅读真题（1995年—2014年）摘要：文勇的老托福阅读真题（1995年—2014年）【下载】，为啥要推荐此文章呢？因为此类阅读文章虽然内容已经过时，但是他的行文套路、出题思路以及考察要点和目前的ETS都是一样的，也是纵多老师用来讲习阅读技巧的来源。

文勇的老托福阅读真题：部分内容British Columbia is the third largest Canadian province both in area and population. It is nearly ~ -~ times as large as Texas, and extends 800 miles (1, 280 km) north from the United States border. It includes Canada's entire west coast and the islands just off the coast.Most of British Columbia is mountainous, with long, rugged ranges running north and south. Even the coastal islands are the remains of a mountain range that existedthousands of years ago. During the last Ice Age this range was scoured by glaciers until most of It was beneath the sea. its peaks now show as islands scattered along the coast.The southwestern coastal region has a humid mild marine climate. Sea winds that blow inland from the west are warmed by a current of warm water that flows through the Pacific Ocean. As a result winter temperatures average above freezing and summers are mild. These warm western winds also carry moisture from the ocean.inland from the coast the winds from the Pacific meet the mountain barriers of the coastal ranges and the Rocky Mountains As they rise to cross the mountains. the winds are cooled. and their moisture begins to fall as rain. On some of the western slopes almost 201) inches (500 cm) of rain fall each year.More than half of British Columbia 15 heavily forested. On mountain slopes that receive plentiful rainfall. huge Douglas firs rise in towering columns. These forest giants often grow to be as much as 300 feet (90 m) tail, with diameters up to 10 feet (3 m). More lumber is produced from these trees than from any other kind of tree in North America. Hemlock, red cedar, and balsam fir are among the other trees found in British Columbia.以上就是有关文勇的老托福阅读真题的部分内容，完整版内容需要考生点击页面中的相关按钮，或者扫描页面中的二维码免费下载完整版，最后祝愿大家在即将来的托福考试中能够取得优异的成绩。

2005年10月份托福阅读真题(总分50, 做题时间120分钟)Section Three: Reading ComprehensionQuestion 1-10All mammals feed their young. Beluga whale mothers, for example, nurse their calves for some twenty months, until they are about to give birth again and their young are able to find their own food. The behavior of feeding of the young is built into the reproductive system. It is a nonelective part of parental care and the defining feature of a mammal, the most important thing that mammals-- whether marsupials, platypuses, spiny anteaters, or placental mammals -- have in common.But not all animal parents, even those that tend their offspring to the point of hatching or birth, feed their young. Most egg-guarding fish do not, for the simple reason that their young are so much smaller than the parents and eat food that is also much smaller than the food eaten by adults. In reptiles, the crocodile mother protects her young after they have hatched and takes them down to the water, where they will find food, but she does not actually feed them. Few insects feed their young after hatching, but some make other arrangement, provisioning their cells and nests with caterpillars and spiders that they have paralyzed with their venom and stored in a state of suspended animation so that their larvae might have a supply of fresh food when they hatch.For animals other than mammals, then, feeding is not intrinsic to parental care. Animals add it to their reproductive strategies to give them an edge in their lifelong quest for descendants. The most vulnerable moment in any animal's life is when it first finds**pletely on its own, when it must forage and fend for itself. Feeding postpones that moment until a young animal has grown to such a size that it is better able to cope. Young that are fed by their parents become nutritionally independent at a much greater fraction of their full adult size. And in the meantime those young are shielded against the vagaries of fluctuating of difficult-to-find supplies. Once a species does take the step of feeding its young, the young become totally dependent on the extra effort. If both parents are removed, the young generally do no survive.SSS_SINGLE_SEL1.What does the passage mainly discuss?A The care that various animals give to their offspring.B The difficulties young animals face in obtaining food.C The methods that mammals use to nurse their young.D The importance among young mammals of becoming independent.该问题分值: 1答案:ASSS_SINGLE_SEL2.The author lists various animals in line 5 toA contrast the feeding habits of different types of mammalsB describe the process by which mammals came to be definedC emphasize the point that every type of mammal feeds its own youngD explain why a particular feature of mammals is nonelective该问题分值: 1答案:CSSS_SINGLE_SEL3.The word "tend" in line 7 is closest in meaning toA sit onB moveC noticeD care for该问题分值: 1答案:DSSS_SINGLE_SEL4.What can be inferred from the passage about the practice of animal parents feeding their young?A It is unknown among fish.B It is unrelated to the size of the young.C It is dangerous for the parents.D It is **mon among mammals.该问题分值: 1答案:DSSS_SINGLE_SEL5.The word "provisioning" in line 13 is closest in meaning toA supplyingB preparingC buildingD expanding该问题分值: 1答案:ASSS_SINGLE_SEL6.According to the passage, how do some insects make sure their young have food?A By storing food near their young.B By locating their nests or cells near spiders and caterpillars.C By searching for food some distance from their nest.D By gathering food from a nearby water source.该问题分值: 1答案:ASSS_SINGLE_SEL7.The word "edge" in line 17 is closest in meaning toA opportunityB advantageC purposeD rest该问题分值: 1答案:BSSS_SINGLE_SEL8.The word "it" in line 20 refers toA FeedingB momentC young animalD size该问题分值: 1答案:CSSS_SINGLE_SEL9.According to the passage, animal young are most defenseless whenA their parents are away searching for foodB their parents have many young to feedC they are only a few days oldD they first become independent该问题分值: 1答案:DSSS_SINGLE_SEL10.The word "shielded" in line 22 is closest in meaning toA raisedB protectedC hatchedD valued该问题分值: 1答案:BQuestion 11-21:Printmaking is the generic term for a number of processes, of which woodcut and engraving are two prime examples. Prints are made by pressing a sheet of paper (or other material) against an image-bearing surface to which ink has been applied. When the paper is removed, the image adheres to it, but in reverse.The woodcut had been used in China from the fifth century A.D. for applying patterns to textiles. The process was not introduced into Europe until the fourteenth century, first for textile decoration and then for printing on paper. Woodcuts are created by a relief process; first, the artist takes a block of wood, which has been sawedparallel to the grain, covers it with a white ground, and then draws the image in ink. The background is carved away, leaving the design area slightly raised. The woodblock is inked, and the ink adheres to the raised image. It is then transferred to damp paper either by hand or with a printing press.Engraving, which grew out of the goldsmith's art, originated in Germany and northern Italy in the middle of the fifteenth century. It is an intaglio process (from Italian intagliare, "to carve"). The image is incised into a highly polished metal plate, usually copper, with a cutting instrument, or burin. The artist inks the plate and wipes it clean so that some ink remains in the incised grooves. An impression is made on damp paper in a printing press, with sufficient pressure being applied so that the paper picks up the ink.Both woodcut and engraving have distinctive characteristics. Engraving lends itself to subtle modeling and shading through the use of fine lines. Hatching and cross-hatching determine the degree of light and shade in a print. Woodcuts tend to be more linear, with sharper contrasts between light and dark. Printmaking is well suited to the production of multiple images. A set of multiples is called an edition. Both methods can yield several hundred good-quality prints before the original block or plate begins to show signs of wear. Massproduction of prints in the sixteenth century made images available, at a lower cost, to a much broader public than before.SSS_SINGLE_SEL11.What does the passage mainly discuss?A The origins of textile decorationB The characteristics of good-quality printsC Two types of printmakingD Types of paper used in printmaking该问题分值: 1答案:CSSS_SINGLE_SEL12.The word "prime" in line 2 is closest in meaning toA principalB complexC generalD recent该问题分值: 1答案:ASSS_SINGLE_SEL13.The author's purposes in paragraph 2 is to describeA the woodcuts found in China in the fifth centuryB the use of woodcuts in the textile industryC the process involved in creating a woodcutD the introduction of woodcuts to Europe该问题分值: 1答案:CSSS_SINGLE_SEL14.The word "incised" in line 15 is closest in meaning toA burnedB cutC framedD baked该问题分值: 1答案:BSSS_SINGLE_SEL15.Which of the following terms is defined in the passage/A "patterns"(line 5)B "grain"(line 8)C "burin"(line 16)D "grooves"(line 17)该问题分值: 1答案:CSSS_SINGLE_SEL16.The word "distinctive" in line 19 is closest in meaning toA uniqueB accurateC irregularD similar该问题分值: 1答案:ASSS_SINGLE_SEL17.According to the passage, all of the following are true about engraving EXCEPT that itA developed from the art of the goldsmithsB requires that the paper be cut with a burinC originated in the fifteenth centuryD involves carving into a metal plate该问题分值: 1答案:BSSS_SINGLE_SEL18.The word "yield" in line 23 is closest in meaning toA imitateB produceC reviseD contrast该问题分值: 1答案:BSSS_SINGLE_SEL19.According to the passage, what do woodcut and engraving have in common?A Their designs are slightly raised.B They achieve contrast through hatching and cross-hatching.C They were first used in Europe.D They allow multiple copies to be produced from one original.该问题分值: 1答案:DSSS_SINGLE_SEL20.According to the author, what made it possible for members of the general public to own prints in the sixteenth century?A Prints could be made at low cost.B The quality of paper and ink had improved.C Many people became involved in the printmaking industry.D Decreased demand for prints kept prices affordable.该问题分值: 1答案:ASSS_SINGLE_SEL21.According to the passage, all of the following are true about prints EXCEPT that theyA can be reproduced on materials other than paperB are created from a reversed imageC show variations between light and dark shadesD require a printing press该问题分值: 1答案:DQuestions 22-31:The first peoples to inhabit what today is the southeastern United States sustained themselves as hunters and gathers. Sometimes early in the first millennium A.D., however, they began to cultivate corn and other crops. Gradually, as they became more skilled at gardening, they settled into permanent villages and developed a rich culture, characterized by the great earthen mounds they erected as monuments to their gods and as tombs for their distinguished dead. Most of these early mound builders were part of the Adena-Hopewell culture, which had its beginnings near the Ohio River and takes its name from sites in Ohio. The culture spread southward into the present-day states of Louisiana, Alabama, Georgia, and Florida. Its peoples became great traders, bartering jewellery, pottery, animal pelts,tools, and other goods along extensive trading networks that stretched up and down eastern North America and as far west as the Rocky Mountains.About A.D. 400, the Hopewell culture fell into decay. Over the next centuries, it was supplanted by another culture, the Mississippian, named after the river along which many of its earliest villages were located. **plex civilization dominated the Southeast from about A.D. 700 until shortly before the Europeans began arriving in the sixteenth century. At the peak of its strength, about the year 1200, it was the most advanced culture in North America. Like their Hopewell predecessors, the Mississippians became highly skilled at growing food, although on a grander scale. They developed an improved strain of corn, which could survive in wet soil and a relatively cool climate, and also learned to cultivate beans. Indeed, agriculture became so important to the Mississippians that it became closely associated with the Sun --- the guarantor of good crops. Many tribes called themselves "children of the Sun" and believed their omnipotent priest-chiefs were descendants of the great sun god.Although most Mississippians lived in small villages, many others inhabited large towns. Most of these towns boasted at least one major flat-topped mound on which stood a temple that contained a sacred flame. Only priests and those charged with guarding the flame could enter the temples. The mounds also served as ceremonial and trading sites, and at times they were used as burial grounds.SSS_SINGLE_SEL22.What does the passage mainly discuss?A The development of agricultureB The locations of towns and villagesC The early people and cultures of the United StatesD The construction of burial mounds该问题分值: 1答案:CSSS_SINGLE_SEL23.Which of the following resulted from the rise of agriculture in the southeastern United States?A The development of trade in North AmericaB The establishment of permanent settlementsC Conflicts with other Native American groups over landD A migration of these peoples to the Rocky Mountains.该问题分值: 1答案:BSSS_SINGLE_SEL24.What does the term "Adena-Hopewell"(line 7) designate?A The early locations of the Adena-Hopewell cultureB The two most important nations of the Adena-Hopewell cultureC Two former leaders who were honored with large burial mounds.D Two important trade routes in eastern North America该问题分值: 1答案:ASSS_SINGLE_SEL25.The word "bartering" in line 9 is closest in meaning toA producingB exchangingC transportingD loading该问题分值: 1答案:BSSS_SINGLE_SEL26.The word "supplanted" in line 13 is closest in meaning toA conqueredB precededC replacedD imitated该问题分值: 1答案:CSSS_SINGLE_SEL27.According to the passage, when did the Mississippian culture reach its highest point of development?A About A.D. 400B Between A.D. 400 AND A.D. 700C About A.D. 1200D In the sixteenth century该问题分值: 1答案:CSSS_SINGLE_SEL28.According to the passage, how did the agriculture of the Mississippians differ from that of their Hopewell predecessors?A The Mississippians produced more durable and larger crops of food.B The Mississippians sold their food to other groups.C The Mississippians could only grow plants in warm, dry climates.D The Mississippians produced special foods for their religious leaders.该问题分值: 1答案:ASSS_SINGLE_SEL29.Why does the author mention that many Mississippians tribes called themselves "children of the Sun"(line 22)?A To explain why they were obedient to their priest-chiefs.B To argue about the importance of religion in their culture.C To illustrate the great importance they placed on agriculture.D To provide an example of their religious rituals.该问题分值: 1答案:CSSS_SINGLE_SEL30.The phrase "charged with" in line 26 is closest in meaning toA passed onB experienced atC interested inD assigned to该问题分值: 1答案:DSSS_SINGLE_SEL31.According to the passage, the flat-topped mounds in Mississippian towns were used for all of the following purposes EXCEPTA religious ceremoniesB meeting places for the **munityC sites **merceD burial sites该问题分值: 1答案:BQuestion 32-40:Overland transport in the United States was still extremely primitive in 1790. Roads were few and short, usually extending from **munities to the nearest river town or seaport. Nearly all **merce was carried out by sailing ships that served the bays and harbors of the seaboard. Yet, in 1790 the nation was on the threshold of a new era of road development. Unable to finance road construction, states turned for help to **panies, organized by merchants and land speculators who had a personal interest in **munications with the interior. The pioneer in this move was the state of Pennsylvania, which chartered a company in 1792 to construct a turnpike, a road for the use of which a toll, or payment, is collected, from Philadelphia to Lancaster. The legislature gave **pany the authority to erect tollgates at points along the road where payment would be collected, though it carefully regulated the rates. (The states had unquestioned authority to regulate private business in this period.)**pany built a gravel road within two years, and the success of the Lancaster Pike encouraged imitation. Northern states generally relied on **panies to build their toll roads, but Virginia constructed a network at public expense. Such was the road building fever that by 1810 New York alone had some 1,500 miles of turnpikes extending from the Atlantic to Lake Erie.Transportation on these early turnpikes consisted of freight carrier wagons and passenger stagecoaches. The **mon road freight carrier was the Conestoga wagon, a vehicle developed in the mid-eighteenth century by German immigrants in the area around Lancaster, Pennsylvania. It featured large, broad wheels able to negotiate all but the deepest ruts and holes, and its round bottom prevented the freight from shifting on a hill. Covered with canvas and drawn by four to six horses, the Conestoga wagon rivaled the log cabin as the primary symbol of the frontier. Passengers traveled in a variety of stagecoaches, the **mon of which had four benches, each holding three persons. It was only a platform on wheels, with no springs; slender poles held up the top, and leather curtains kept out dust and rain.SSS_SINGLE_SEL32.Paragraph 1 discusses early road building in the United States mainly in terms of theA popularity of turnpikesB financing of new roadsC development of the interiorD laws governing road use该问题分值: 1答案:BSSS_SINGLE_SEL33.The word "primitive" in line 1 is closest in meaning toA unsafeB unknownC inexpensiveD undeveloped该问题分值: 1答案:DSSS_SINGLE_SEL34.In 1790 most roads connected towns in the interior of the country withA other **munitiesB towns in other statesC river towns or seaportsD construction sites该问题分值: 1答案:CSSS_SINGLE_SEL35.The phrase "on the threshold of" in line 4 and 5 is closest in meaning toA in need ofB in place ofC at the start ofD with the purpose of该问题分值: 1答案:CSSS_SINGLE_SEL36.According to the passage, why did states want **panies to help with road building?A The states could not afford to build roads themselves.B The states were not as well equipped as **panies.C **panies **plete roads faster than the states.D **panies had greater knowledge of the interior.该问题分值: 1答案:ASSS_SINGLE_SEL37.The word "it" in line 11 refers toA legislatureB companyC authorityD payment该问题分值: 1答案:ASSS_SINGLE_SEL38.The word "imitation" in line 14 is closest in meaning toA investmentB suggestionC increasingD copying该问题分值: 1答案:DSSS_SINGLE_SEL39.Virginia is mentioned as an example of a state thatA built roads without tollgatesB built roads with government moneyC completed 1,500 miles of turnpikes in one yearD introduced new law restricting road use该问题分值: 1答案:BSSS_SINGLE_SEL40.The "large, broad wheels" of the Conestoga wagon are mentioned in line 21 as an example of a feature of wagons that wasA unusual in mid-eighteenth century vehiclesB first found in GermanyC effective on roads with uneven surfacesD responsible for frequent damage to freight该问题分值: 1答案:CQuestion 41- 50:In Death Valley, California, one of the hottest, most arid places in North America, there is much salt, and salt can damage rocks impressively. Inhabitants of areas elsewhere, where streets and highways are salted to control ice, are familiar with the resulting rust and deterioration on cars. That attests to the chemically corrosive nature of salt, but it is not the way salt destroys rocks. Salt breaks rocks apart principally by a process called crystal prying and wedging. This happens not by soaking the rocks in salt water, but by moistening their bottoms with salt water. Such conditions exist in many areas along the eastern edge of central Death Valley. There, salty water rises from the groundwater table by capillary action through tiny spaces in sediment until it reaches the surface.Most stones have capillary passages that suck salt water from the wet ground. Death Valley provides an ultra-dry atmosphere and high daily temperatures, which promote evaporation and the formation of salt crystals along the cracks or other openings within stones. These crystals grow as long as salt water is available. Like tree roots breaking up a sidewalk, the growing crystals exert pressure on the rock and eventually pry the rock apart along planes of weakness, such as banding in metamorphic rocks, bedding in sedimentary rocks, or preexisting or incipient fractions, and along boundaries between individual mineral crystals or grains. Besides crystal growth, the expansion of halite crystals(the same as everyday table salt) by heating and of sulfates and similar salts by hydration can contribute additional stresses. A rock durable enough to have withstood natural conditions for a very long time in other areas could probably be shattered into small pieces by salt weathering within a few generations.The dominant salt in Death Valley is halite, or sodium chloride, but other salts, mostly carbonates and sulfates, also cause prying and wedging, as does ordinary ice. Weathering by a variety of salts, though often subtle, is a worldwide phenomenon. Not restricted toarid regions, intense salt weathering occurs mostly in salt-rich places like the seashore, near the large saline lakes in the Dry Valleys of Antarctica, and in desert sections of Australia, New Zealand, and central Asia.SSS_SINGLE_SEL41.What is the passage mainly about?A The destructive effects of salt on rocks.B The impressive salt rocks in Death Valley.C The amount of salt produced in Death Valley.D The damaging effects of salt on roads and highways.该问题分值: 1答案:ASSS_SINGLE_SEL42.The word "it" in line 9 refers toA salty waterB groundwater tableC capillary actionD sediment该问题分值: 1答案:ASSS_SINGLE_SEL43.The word "exert" in line 14 is closest in meaning toA putB reduceC replaceD control该问题分值: 1答案:ASSS_SINGLE_SEL44.In lines 13-17, why does the **pare tree roots withgrowing salt crystals?A They both force hard surfaces to crack.B They both grow as long as water is available.C They both react quickly to a rise in temperature.D They both cause salty water to rise from the groundwater table.该问题分值: 1答案:ASSS_SINGLE_SEL45.In lines 17-18, the author mentions the "expansion of halite crystals...by heating and of sulfates and similar salts by hydration" in order toA present an alternative theory about crystal growthB explain how some rocks are not affected by saltC simplify the explanation of crystal prying and wedgingD introduce additional means by which crystals destroy rocks该问题分值: 1答案:DSSS_SINGLE_SEL46.The word "durable" in line 19 is closest in meaning toA largeB strongC flexibleD pressured该问题分值: 1答案:BSSS_SINGLE_SEL47.The word "shattered" in line 20 is closest in meaning toA arrangedB dissolvedC broken apartD gathered together该问题分值: 1答案:CSSS_SINGLE_SEL48.The word "dominant" in line 22 is closest in meaning toA most recentB **monC least availableD least damaging该问题分值: 1答案:BSSS_SINGLE_SEL49.According to the passage, which of the following is true about the effects of salts on rocks?A Only two types of salts cause prying and wedging.B Salts usually cause damage only in combination with ice.C A variety of salts in all kinds of environments can cause weathering.D Salt damage at the seashore is more severe than salt damage in Death Valley,该问题分值: 1答案:CSSS_SINGLE_SEL50.Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about rocks that are found in areas where ice is common?A They are protected from weathering.B They do not allow capillary action of water.C They show similar kinds of damage as rocks in Death Valley.D They contain more carbonates than sulfates.该问题分值: 1答案:C1。

托福真题：1995年10月托福阅读全真试题-托福真题1995年10月托福阅读全真试题Questions 1-13Atmospheric pressure can support a column of water up to10 meters high. But plants can move water much higher, thesequoia tree can pump water to its very top, more than 100meters above the ground. Until the end of the nineteenth century, the movement of water in trees and other tall plantswas a mystery. Some botanists hypothesized that the livingcells of plants acted as pumps, But many experiments demonstrated that the stems of plants in which all the cells are killedcan still move water to appreciable heights. Other explanationsfor the movement of water in plants have been based on root pressure, a push on the water from the roots at the bottom ofthe plant. But root pressure is not nearly great enough to push water to the tops of tall trees. Furthermore, the conifers,which are among the tallest trees, have unusually low root pressures.If water is not pumped to the top of a tall tree, and if itis not pushed to the top of a tall tree, then we may ask, Howdoes it get there? According to the currently accepted cohesion-tension theory, water is pulled there. The pull on a rising column of water in a plant results from the evaporation ofwater at the top of the plant. As water is lost from the surface of the leaves, a negative pressure, or tension, is created. The evaporated water is replaced by water moving from inside the plant in unbroken columns that extend from the top of a plant to its roots. The same forces that create surface tension in anysample of water are responsible for the maintenance of these unbroken columns of water. When water is confined in tubes ofvery small bore, the forces of cohesion (the attraction between water molecules) are so great that the strength of a columnof water compares with the strength of a steel wire ofthe same diameter. This cohesive strength permits columns ofwater to be pulled to great heights without being broken.1. How many theories does the author mention?(A) One(B) Two(C) Three(D) Four2. The passage answers which of the following questions?(A) What is the effect of atmospheric pressure on foliage?(B) When do dead cells harm plant growth?(C) How does water get to the tops of trees?(D) Why is root pressure weak?3. The word "demonstrated" in line 7 is closest in meaning to(A) ignored(B) showed(C) disguised(D) distinguished4. What do the experiments mentioned in lines 7-9 prove?(A) Plant stems die when deprived of water(B) Cells in plant stems do not pump water(C) Plants cannot move water to high altitudes(D) Plant cells regulate pressure within stems5.How do botanists know that root pressure is not the only force that moves water in plants?(A) Some very tall trees have weak root pressure.(B) Root pressures decrease in winter.(C) Plants can live after their roots die.(D) Water in a plant's roots is not connected to water in its stem.6. Which of the following statements does the passage support?(A) Water is pushed to the tops of trees.(B) Botanists have proven that living cells act as pumps.(C) Atmospheric pressure draws water to the tops of tall trees.(D) Botanists have changed their theories of how water moves in plants.7. The word "it" in line 16 refers to(A) top(B) tree(C) water(D) cohesion-tension theory.8. The word "there" in line 18 refers to(A) treetops(B) roots(C) water columns(D) tubes9. What causes the tension that draws water up a plant?(A) Humidity(B) Plant growth(C) Root pressure(D) Evaporation10. The word "extend" in line 24 is closest in meaning to(A) stretch(B) branch(C) increase(D) rotate11. According to the passage, why does water travel through plants in unbroken columns?(A) Root pressure moves the water very rapidly.(B) The attraction between water molecules in strong.(C) The living cells of plants push the water molecules together.(D) Atmospheric pressure supports the columns.12.Why does the author mention steel wire in line 30?(A) To illustrate another means of pulling water(B) To demonstrate why wood is a good building material(C) To indicate the size of a column of water(D) To emphasize the strength of cohesive forces in water13.Where in the passage does the author give an example of a plant with low root pressure?(A) Lines3-4(B) Lines5-7(C) Lines10-11(D) Lines12-13Question 14-22Mass transport[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] 下一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] 下一页1995年10月托福阅读全真试题ation revised the social and economic fabricof the American city in three fundamental ways. It catalyzed physical expansion, it sorted out people and land uses,and it accelerated the inherent instability of urban life. By opening vast areas of unoccupied land for residential expansion, the omnibuses, horse railways, commuter trains, andelectric trolleys pulled settled regions outward two to four times more distant from city centers than they were in the pre- modern era. In 1850, for example, the borders of Boston lay scarcely two miles from the old business district; by the turn of the century the radius extended ten miles. Now those whocould afford it could live far removed from the old city center and still commute there for work, shopping, and entertainment. The new accessibility of land around the periphery ofalmost every major city sparked an explosion of real estatedevelopment and fueled what we now know as urban sprawl.Between 1890 and 1920, for example, some 250,000 newresidential lots were recorded within the borders of Chicago, most of them located in outlying areas. Over the same period,another 550,000 were plotted outside the city limits but withinthe metropolitan area. Anxious to take advantage of thepossibilities of commuting, real estate developers added 800,000 potential building sites to the Chicago region in just thirtyyears – lots that could have housed five to six million people.Of course, many were never occupied; there was alwaysa huge surplus of subdivided, but vacant, land around Chicagoand other cities. These excesses underscore a feature ofresidential expansion related to the growth of mass transportation: urban sprawl was essentially unplanned. It was carried out by thousands of small investors who paid little heed to coordinated land use or to future land users. Those who purchased andprepared land for residential purposes, particularly land near or outside city borders where transit lines and middle-class inhabitants were anticipated, did so to create demand as much asto respond to it. Chicago is a prime example of this process.Real estate subdivision there proceeded much faster thanpopulation growth.14. With which of the following subjects is the passage mainly concerned?(A) Types of mass transportation.(B) Instability of urban life.(C) How supply and demand determine land use.(D) The effects of mass transportation on urban expansion.15. The author mentions all of the following as effects of mass transportation on cities EXCEPT(A) growth in city area(B) separation of commercial and residential districts.(C) Changes in life in the inner city.(D) Increasing standards of living.16. The word "vast" in line 5 is closest in meaning to(A) large(B) basic(C) new(D) urban17. The word "sparked" in line 15 is closest in meaning to(A) brought about(B) surrounded(C) sent out(D) followed18. Why does the author mention both Boston and Chicago?(A) To demonstrate positive and negative effects of growth.(B) To show that mass transit changed many cities.(C) To exemplify cities with and without mass transportation.(D) To contrast their rates of growth19. The word "potential" in line 23 is closest in meaning to(A) certain(B) popular(C) improved(D) possible20. The word "many" in line 25 refers to(A) people(B) lots(C) years(D) developers21. According to the passage, what was one disadvantage ofresidential expansion?(A) It was expensive.(B) It happened too slowly.(C) It was unplanned.(D) It created a demand for public transportation.22. The author mentions Chicago in the second paragraph as an example of a city(A) that is large(B) that is used as a model for land development(C) where land development exceeded population growth(D) with an excellent mass transportation system.Question 23-33The preservation of embryos and juveniles is rare occurrencein the fossil record. The tiny, delicate skeletons are usually scattered by scavengers or destroyed by weathering beforethey can be fossilized. Ichthyosaurs had a higher chance ofbeing preserved than did terrestrial creatures because, as marine animals, they tended to live in environments less subject to erosion. Still, their fossilization required a suite of factors: a slow rate of decay of soft tissues, little scavenging by other animals, a lack if swift currents and waves to jumble and carry away small bones, and fairly rapid burial. Given t上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] 下一页上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] 下一页1995年10月托福阅读全真试题hese factors,some areas have become a treasury of well-preservedichthyosaur fossils.The deposits at Holzmaden, Germany, present aninteresting case for analysis. The ichthyosaur remains are found in black, bituminous marine shales deposited about 190 millionyears ago. Over the years, thousands of specimens of marine reptiles, fish, and invertebrates have been recovered fromthese rocks. The quality of preservation is outstanding, butwhat is even more impressive is the number of ichthyosaurfossils containing preserved embryos. Ichthyosaurs with embryos have been reported from 6 different levels of the shale in asmall area around Holzmaden, suggesting that a specific sitewas used by large numbers of ichthyosaurs repeatedly overtime. The embryos are quite advanced in their physical develop- ment; their paddles, for example, are already well formed.One specimen is even preserved in the birth canal. In addition,the shale contains the remains of many newborns that arebetween 20 and 30 inches long.Why are there so many pregnant females and young atHolzmaden when they are so rare elsewhere? The quality of preservation is almost unmatched, and quarry operations havebeen carried out carefully with an awareness of the value of the fossils. But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration ofpregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth.23. The passage supports which of the following conclusions?(A) Some species of ichthyosaurs decayed more rapidly than other species.(B) Ichthyosaur newborns are smaller than other newborn marine reptiles.(C) Ichthyosaurs were more advanced than terrestrial creatures.(D) Ichthyosaurs may have gathered at Holzmaden to give birth.24. The word "they" in line 4 refers to(A) skeletons(B) scavengers(C) creatures(D) environments25. All of the following are mentioned as factors that encourage fossilization EXCEPT the(A) speed of burial(B) conditions of the water(C) rate at which soft tissues decay(D) cause of death of the animal.26. Which of the following is true of the fossil deposits discussedin the passage?(A) They include examples of newly discovered species.(B) They contain large numbers of well-preserved specimens(C) They are older than fossils found in other places(D) They have been analyzed more carefully than other fossils.27. The word "outstanding" in line 18 is closest in meaning to(A) extensive(B) surprising(C) vertical(D) excellent28. The word "site" in line 22 is closest in meaning to(A) example(B) location(C) development(D) characteristic29. Why does the author mention the specimen preserved in the birth canal (line 26)?(A) To illustrate that the embryo fossils are quite advanced in theirdevelopment(B) To explain why the fossils are well preserved(C) To indicate how the ichthyosaurs died(D) To prove that ichthyosaurs are marine animals.30. The word "they" in line 30 refers to(A) pregnant females and young(B) quarry operations(C) the value of the fossils(D) these factors31.The phrase "account for" in line 33 is closest in meaning to(A) record(B) describe(C) equal(D) explain32.Which of the following best expresses the relationship between the first and second paragraphs?(A) The first paragraph describes a place while the second paragraph describes a field of study.(B) The first paragraph defines the terms that are used in the second paragraph.(C) The second paragraph describes a specific instance of the general topic discussed in the first paragraph.(D) The second paragraph presents information that contrasts with the information given in the first paragraph.33.Where in the passage does the author mentions the variety of fossils found at Holzmaden?(A) Line 1(B) Lines 3-5(C) Lines 12-13(D) Lines 19-21Questions 34-41The Lewis and Clark expedition, sponsored by PresidentJefferson, was the most important official examination of thehigh plains and the Northwest before the War of 1812. ThePresident's secretary, Captain Meriwether Lewis, had beeninstructed to "explore the Missouri River, and such principal streams of it as, by its course and communication with thewaters of the Pacific Ocean …may offer her most direct and practicable water communication across the continent, for the purposes of commerce." Captain William Clark, the y上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] 下一页上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] 下一页1995年10月托福阅读全真试题oungerbrother of famed George Rogers Clerk, was invited to sharethe command of the exploring party.Amid rumors that there were prehistoric mammothswandering around the unknown region and that somewhere in its wilds was a mountain of rock salt 80 by 45 miles in extent,the two captains set out. The date was May 14, 1804. Theirpoint of departure was the mouth of the Wood River, justacross the Mississippi from the entrance of the Missouri River. After toiling up the Missouri all summer, the group winterednear the Mandan villages in the center of what is now North Dakota. Resuming their journey in the spring of 1805, themen worked their way along the Missouri to its source andthen crossed the mountains of western Montana and Idaho.Picking up a tributary of the Columbia River, they continued westward until they reached the Pacific Ocean, where theystayed until the following spring.Lewis and Clark brought back much new information,including the knowledge that the continent was wider thanoriginally supposed. More specifically, they learned a good deal about river drainages and mountain barriers. They ended speculation that an easy coast-to-coast route existed via the Missouri-Columbia River systems, and their reports of the climate, the animals and birds, the trees and plants, and the Indians of the West – though not immediately published –were made available to scientists.34.With what topic is the passage primarily concerned?(A) The river systems of portions of North America.(B) Certain geological features to the North American continent.(C) An exploratory trip sponsored by the United States government.(D) The discovery of natural resources in the United States.35.According to the passage, the primary purpose of finding a water route across the continent was to(A) gain easy access to the gold and other riches of the Northwest(B) become acquainted with the inhabitants of the West.(C) investigate the possibility of improved farmland in the West.(D) facilitate the movement of commerce across the continent36.The river Meriwether Lewis was instructed to explore was the(A) Wood(B) Missouri(C) Columbia(D) Mississippi37.According to the passage, the explorers spent their first winter in what would become(A) North Dakota(B) Missouri(C) Montana(D) Idaho38.The author states that Lewis and Clark studied all of thefollowing characteristics of the explored territories EXCEPT(A) mineral deposits(B) the weather(C) animal life(D) native vegetation39.The phrase "Picking up" in line 23 could best be replaced by which of the following?(A) Searching for(B) Following(C) Learning about(D) Lifting40.It can be inferred from the passage that prior to the Lewis and Clark expedition the size of the continent had been(A) of little interest(B) underestimated(C) known to native inhabitants of the West(D) unpublished but known to most scientists41.Wherer in the passage does the author refer to the explorers' failure to find an easy passageway to the western part of the continent?(A) Lines1-3(B) Lines7-8(C) Lines16-18(D) Lines21-24Questions 42-50For a century and a half the piano has been one of themost popular solo instruments for Western music. Unlikestring and wind instrument, the piano is completely self- sufficient, as it is able to play both the melody and its accompanying harmony at the same time. For this reason, it became the favorite household instrument of thenineteenth century.The ancestry of the piano can be traced to the early keyboard instruments of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries – the spinet, the dulcimer, and the virginal. In the seventeenth century the organ, the clavichord, and the harpsichord becamethe chief instruments of the keyboard group, a supremacy they maintained until the piano supplanted them at the end of the eighteenth century. The clavichord's tone was metallic andnever powerful; nevertheless, because of the variety of tone possible to it, many composers found the clavichord a sympa-thetic instrument for intimate chamber music. The harpsichordwith its bright, vigorous tone was the favorite instrumentfor supporting the bass of the small orchestra of the period and for concert use but the character of the tone could not bevaried save by mechanical or structural devices.The piano was perfected in the early eighteenth centuryby a harpsichord maker in Italy (though musicologists pointout several previous instances of上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] 下一页上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] 下一页1995年10月托福阅读全真试题the instrument). This instrumentwas called a piano e forte(soft and loud), to indicate itsdynamic versatility; its strings were struck by a recoiling hammer with a felt-padded head. The wires were much heavierin the earlier instruments. A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century, includingthe introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it, the perfection of a metal frame and steel wire of the finest quality, finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonaleffects from the most delicate harmonies to an almostorchestral fullness of sound, from a liquid, singing tone toa sharp, percussive brilliance.42. What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The historical development of the piano(B) The quality of tone produced by various keyboard instruments(C) The uses of keyboard instruments in various types of compositions(D) The popularity of the piano with composers43. Which of the following instruments was widely used before the seventeenth century?(A) The harpsichord(B) The spinet(C) The clavichord(D) The organ44. The words "a supremacy" in line 12 are closest in meaning to(A) a suggestion(B) an improvement(C) a dominance(D) a development45. The word "supplanted" in line 13 is closest in meaning to(A) supported(B) promoted(C) replaced(D) dominated46. The word "it" in line 15 refers to the(A) variety(B) music(C) harpsichord(D) clavichord47. According to the passage, what deficiency did the harpsichord have?(A) It was fragile(B) It lacked variety in tone.(C) It sounded metallic.(D) It could not produce a strong sound.48. Where in the passage does the author provide a translation?(A) Lines 4-5(B) Lines 13-15(C) Lines 18-19(D) Lines 20-2549. According to the information in the third paragraph, which of the following improvements made it possible to lengthen the tone produced by the piano?(A) The introduction of pedals(B) The use of heavy wires(C) The use of felt-padded hammerheads(D) The metal frame construction50. The word "myriad" in line 32 is closest in meaning to(A) noticeable(B) many(C) loud(D) unusual <br上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5]上一页[1] [2] [3] [4] [5]。

2013年8月25日托福阅读真题解析第一套题：第一篇TOPIC 某古代王国扩张及衰退古代地中海附近的一个国家，不断军事扩张，变得很繁荣。

但随着版图的扩大，周围国家的威胁（如俄国），并且后面几代君主个人能力不行，这个国家渐渐衰弱。

还介绍了他的政治制度，虽然君主一个人掌权，但后来产生了两种职位分权，一种是有一个人会对君主进行授权，另一种是很有权利的女人。

但随着这个国家经济和社会的衰退，最后一段提到了一个解决的办法，但已无法扭转。

解析：本文属历史类话题，介绍了某国家的兴亡过程。

从机经回忆来看，该古代王国应指曾盛极一时的土耳其奥斯曼帝国。

奥斯曼帝国在欧洲历史长河中扮演了非常重要的角色，很多重要的如新航路开辟等历史事件都和奥斯曼帝国的崛起有直接联系，所以也常常在托福的历史类文章中出现，大家应对其有一定了解。

Ottoman EmpireOriginsThe Ottoman state began as one of many small Turkish states that emerged in Asia Minor during the breakdown of the empire of the Seljuk Turks. The Ottoman Turks began to absorb the other states, and during the reign (1451–81) of Muhammad II they ended all other local Turkish dynasties. The early phase of Ottoman expansion took place under Osman I, Orkhan, Murad I, and Beyazid I at the expense of the Byzantine Empire, Bulgaria, and Serbia. Bursa fell in 1326 and Adrianople (the modern Edirne) in 1361; each in turn became the capital of the empire. The greatOttoman victories of Kosovo Field (1389) and Nikopol (1396) placed large parts of the Balkan Peninsula under Ottoman rule and awakened Europe to the Ottoman danger. The Ottoman siege of Constantinople was lifted at the appearance of Timur, who defeated and captured Beyazid in 1402. The Ottomans, however, soon rallied. The Period of Great ExpansionThe empire, reunited by Muhammad I, expanded victoriously under Muhammad's successors Murad II and Muhammad II. The victory (1444) at Varna over a crusading army led by Ladislaus III of Poland was followed in 1453 by the capture of Constantinople. Within a century the Ottomans had changed from a nomadic horde to the heirs of the most ancient surviving empire of Europe. Their success was due partly to the weakness and disunity of their adversaries, partly to their excellent and far superior military organization. Their army comprised numerous Christians—not only conscripts, who were organized as the corps of Janissaries, but also volunteers. Turkish expansion reached its peak in the 16th cent. under Selim I and Sulayman I (Sulayman the Magnificent).The Hungarian defeat (1526) at Mohács prepared the way for the capture (1541) of Buda and the absorption of the major part of Hungary by the Ottoman Empire; Transylvania became a tributary principality, as did Walachia and Moldavia. The Asian borders of the empire were pushed deep into Persia and Arabia. Selim I defeated the Mamluks of Egypt and Syria, took Cairo in 1517, and assumed the succession to the caliphate. Algiers was taken in 1518, and Mediterranean commerce was threatened by corsairs, such as Barbarossa, who sailed under Turkishauspices. Most of the Venetian and other Latin possessions in Greece also fell to the sultans.During the reign of Sulayman I began (1535) the traditional friendship between France and Turkey, directed against Hapsburg Austria and Spain. Sulayman reorganized the Turkish judicial system, and his reign saw the flowering of Turkish literature, art, and architecture. In practice the prerogatives of the sultan were limited by the spirit of Muslim canonical law (sharia), and he usually shared his authority with the chief preserver ( sheyhülislam ) of the sharia and with the grand vizier (chief executive officer).In the progressive decay that followed Sulayman's death, the clergy ( ulema ) and the Janissaries gained power and exercised a profound, corrupting influence. The first serious blow by Europe to the empire was the naval defeat of Lepanto (1571; see Lepanto, battle of), inflicted on the fleet of Selim II by the Spanish and Venetians under John of Austria. However, Murad IV in the 17th cent. temporarily restored Turkish military prestige by his victory (1638) over Persia. Crete was conquered from Venice, and in 1683 a huge Turkish army under Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa surrounded Vienna. The relief of Vienna by John III of Poland and the subsequent campaigns of Charles V of Lorraine, Louis of Baden, and Eugene of Savoy ended in negotiations in 1699 (see Karlowitz, Treaty of), which cost Turkey Hungary and other territories.DeclineThe breakup of the state gained impetus with the Russo-Turkish Wars in the 18thcent. Egypt was only temporarily lost to Napoleon's army, but the Greek War of Independence and its sequels, the Russo-Turkish War of 1828–29 (see Adrianople, Treaty of), and the war with Muhammad Ali of Egypt resulted in the loss of Greece and Egypt, the protectorate of Russia over Moldavia and Walachia, and the semi-independence of Serbia. Drastic reforms were introduced in the late 18th and early 19th cent. by Selim III and Mahmud II, but they came too late. By the 19th cent. Turkey was known as the Sick Man of Europe.Through a series of treaties of capitulation from the 16th to the 18th cent. the Ottoman Empire gradually lost its economic independence. Although Turkey was theoretically among the victors in the Crimean War, it emerged from the war economically exhausted. The Congress of Paris (1856) recognized the independence and integrity of the Ottoman Empire, but this event marked the confirmation of the empire's dependency rather than of its rights as a European power.The rebellion (1875) of Bosnia and Herzegovina precipitated the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78, in which Turkey was defeated despite its surprisingly vigorous stand. Romania (i.e., Walachia and Moldavia), Serbia, and Montenegro were declared fully independent, and Bosnia and Herzegovina passed under Austrian administration. Bulgaria, made a virtually independent principality, annexed (1885) Eastern Rumelia with impunity.Sultan Abd al-Majid, who in 1839 issued a decree containing an important body of civil reforms, was followed (1861) by Abd al-Aziz, whose reign witnessed the rise ofthe liberal party. Its leader, Midhat Pasha, succeeded in deposing (1876) Abd al-Aziz. Abd al-Hamid II acceded (1876) after the brief reign of Murad V. A liberal constitution was framed by Midhat, and the first Turkish parliament opened in 1877, but the sultan soon dismissed it and began a rule of personal despotism. The Armenian massacres (see Armenia) of the late 19th cent. turned world public opinion against Turkey. Abd al-Hamid was victorious in the Greco-Turkish war of 1897, but Crete, which had been the issue, was ultimately gained by Greece. CollapseIn 1908 the Young Turk movement, a reformist and strongly nationalist group, with many adherents in the army, forced the restoration of the constitution of 1876, and in 1909 the parliament deposed the sultan and put Muhammad V on the throne. In the two successive Balkan Wars (1912–13), Turkey lost nearly its entire territory in Europe to Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece, and newly independent Albania. The nationalism of the Young Turks, whose leader Enver Pasha gained virtual dictatorial power by a coup in 1913, antagonized the remaining minorities in the empire. The outbreak of World War I found Turkey lined up with the Central Powers. Although Turkish troops succeeded against the Allies in the Gallipoli campaign (1915), Arabia rose against Turkish rule, and British forces occupied (1917) Baghdad and Jerusalem. Armenians, accused of aiding the Russians, were massacred and deported from Anatolia beginning in 1915; an Armenian uprising in Van (1915) survived until relieved by Russian forces. In 1918, Turkish resistance collapsed in Asia and Europe. An armistice was concluded in October, and the Ottoman Empirecame to an end. The Trea ty of Sèvres (see Sèvres, Treaty of) confirmed its dissolution. With the victory of the Turkish nationalists, who had refused to accept the peace terms and overthrew the sultan in 1922, modern Turkey's history began. 第二篇TOPIC 基因的意外发现科学家做实验室为某种目的，但往往会有意外地发现。

95年10月托福听力文字1.W: How is your paper coming along?M: My typewriter is broken.Q: What does the man mean?2.W: Have you tried Susan's apple-pie?M: I got the last piece. And it was out of this world.Q: What does the woman mean?3.W: If you're staying late, will you be sure to lock up the office when you leave?M: Oh. I hope I won't be more than an hour.Q: What does the man mean?4.W: Nancy really wants to ski on Thursday.M: Yes, but she can't. Can she?Q: What does the man say about Nancy?5.M: Let me help you with those packages.W: Thanks. But it is only 3 quarters of a block.Q: What does the woman tell the man?6.M: Did you know that Arthur has three brothers living on three different continents?W: He must get in an incredible phone bill every month.Q: What does the woman imply about Arthur?7.M: This calculator isn't working right.W: I think you've got the battery in upside down.Q: What does the woman mean?8.W: We should buy a good guide book and study it before our trip to Montreal.M: We could. But they're so overpriced. What about the library?Q: What does the man imply?9.W: I always want a little something to eat about this time of day.M: So do I. Let's have a snack now and then have a light lunch later.Q: What are the speakers discussing?10.M: I've just been over to my friend Tom's new apartment.It's much bigger than my place.W: But more expensive I bet.Q: What does the woman mean?11.W: Could you mail these letters for me please?M: More letters? Your friends are going to be very happy to hear from you.Q: What does the man imply about the woman?12.W: Does Prof. Ford always come to class?M: Is ice cold?Q: What does the man imply about Prof Ford?13.W: Would you have some time this week to go over these questions with me?M: How does tomorrow sound?Q: What does the man mean?14.M: Hey? John! John!W: Save your breath. He's out of earshot.Q: What does the woman mean?15.W: You only have water to serve your guests?M: This isn't just water. This is imported mineral water.Q: What does the woman imply?16.W: I see a new bookstore has just opened on Main street.M: It may be a new store. But the books are far from new.Q: What does the man mean?17.W: Alice has been spending a lot of time at the library lately.M: Well. She's got a paper do and two final exams next week.Q: What has Alice probably been doing?18.W: It's going to cost a fortune to get my car fixed.M: Why don't you just trade it in for a new one?Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?19.M: Winter is over at last. Time to pack up my gloves and boots.W: I've been waiting for this for months.Q: What does the woman mean?20.W: How did the game go the other night? Did your team win?M: Are you kidding? That would be a first.Q: What does the man imply?21.W: Danas told us he likes to play cards.M: But we've invited him three times and he hasn't come once.Q: What can be inferred about Danas?22.W: I invited my class home for coffee.M: In this tiny place?Q: What does the man imply?23.M: Excuse me; I don't understand why fight 213 has been delayed. The weather seems fine now.W: I'm afraid New York got three times as much snow as we did here. It should be clear by morning though.Q: What does the woman imply?24.M: Take a look at this gift catalog. Maybe we can find something to get Janet for her new house.W: OK. But remember we can't afford a lot.Q: What does the woman mean?25.M: Are you still waiting for Bob?W: I don't know why I bother. The store will be closed by the time we get there.Q: What does the woman mean?26.M: Would you like to come with us for coffee a little later?W: I'm off caffeine, medical restriction.Q: What does the woman mean?27.W: Mary seems surprised that she got a research grant.M: Well, she shouldn’t have been. Everybody knows that she's brilliant.Q: What does the man mean?28.M: Mind if I leave my umbrella here in the hallway?W: Not at all. But first shake it off outside, would you?Q: What does the woman tell the man?29.W: According to this article, the former boxing champion is going to try again. He's coming out of theretirement for the third time.M: Is a comeback at his age at all likely?Q: What does the man imply about the former box champion?30.W: Don't you think Prof. Morrison's test was too difficult?M: Well, I must admit I had been expecting more than just passing grade in biology.Q: What does the man mean?生词表1.typewriter ['taip,raitə] n. 打字机2.block [blɔk] n. 一批；大宗，大量3.incredible [in'kredəbl] adj. 难以置信的，惊人的4.snack [snæk] n. 小吃，快餐5.earshot ['iəʃɔt] n. 听力所及之范围6.catalog ['kætəlɔɡ] n. 目录7.caffeine ['kæfi:n] n. 咖啡因8.restriction [ri'strikʃən] n. 限制9.retirement [ri'taiəmənt] n. 退役PART B31-34have you made any plans to go away during semester break? I've been thinking of skiing.I really haven't had time to think about my vacation. I've been concentrating on getting ready for my exams, especially Philosophy. But I'll probably go to the beach.Why the beach?Well. It would be nice to get away from this cold weather and just lie in the sun and relax after working so hard. It's true that skiing does require work. And you have to get up early and wait in long lines for the chair leaves. Thanks. I think you help me make up my mind.Sure. Now maybe you can use your mind to think about something else, like your studies.你在学期休息期间做出任何计划了吗?我一直在想着滑雪。

95年8月托福听力文字1. Do you want to go on（进行）a trip with us to Florida this spring?It will cost about $300 a person.$300 you think I just have this fortuneWhat can be inferred about the man?(A) He makes a lot of money.(B) He has just been left some money.(C) He doesn't believe three hundred dollars is enough.(D) He can't afford to spend that much.2. My watch stopped again. And I just got a new battery.Why don't you take it to Smith's Jewelry. They can check it for you. And they're pretty reasonable.What does the man mean?(A) He knows what is wrong with the watch.(B) The woman doesn't need to buy another battery.(C) The woman should get a new watch.(D) The jewelry store can probably repair the woman's watch.3. We're going to change our meeting from Monday to Tuesday.It's all the same to me.What does the man mean?(A) He has another meeting to attend on that day.(B) He's available either day.(C) He can't attend a two-day conference.(D) Not everybody will go to the same meeting.4. We plan to go to the beach after class. Want to come?I'd love to. But Prof. Jones want to speak with me.What will the woman probably do?(A) Go to the beach with her friends.(B) Postpone her meeting with Professor Jones.(C) See Professor Jones after class.(D) Give a speech in Professor Jones's class.5. Janet sounded worried about her grades.But she's getting As & Bs, isn't she?What does the man imply about Janet?(A) She isn't a very good student.(B) She hasn't gotten her grades yet.(C) She shouldn't worry about her grades.(D) She doesn't like to talk about grades.6. You look great since you've been taking those exercises classes.Thanks. I've never felt better in my life.What does the man imply?(A) The classes have improved his health.(B) His new glasses fit better than the old ones.(C) He's thinking of taking exercise classes.(D) He's unhappy about his life.7. I had a hard time getting through this novel.I know how you feel. Who can remember the names of 35 different characters. What does the woman imply?(A) She also found the book difficult.(B) She has learned a lot about names.(C) She doesn't remember the title of the novel.(D) She read a different book.8. That's a long line. Do you think there'll be any tickets left?I doubt it. Guess we'll wind up（结束）going to the second show.What does the woman mean?(A) They'll have to go to a later show.(B) The people in line all have tickets.(C) She doesn't want to go to the second show.(D) They won't have to wait much longer.9. This course in much too hard for me.Sorry you decided to take it, huh?What does the man ask the woman?(A) If it's too late for her to drop the course.(B) If she sympathizes with him.(C) If she apologized for what she did.(D) If she regrets taking the course.10. Are you going home for winter vacation?I'd agreed to stay on here as a research assistant.What can be inferred about the woman?(A) She'll be traveling during winter break.(B) She'll be working during vacation.(C) She's looking forward to going home.(D) She wants to hire another research assistant.11. Hello!Hello! This is Dr, Grey's office. We're calling to remind you of your 4:15 appointment for your annual checkup tomorrow.Oh, thanks. It's a good thing that you called. I thought it was 4:15 today.What does the man mean?(A) He's glad he called the doctor.(B) He wants to change the appointment.(C) He can't come until 4:15.(D) He was confused about the date of the appointment.12. How wonderful（棒的）you won the scholarship（奖学金）. Can you believe it? No. It's almost too good to be true（几乎是太好了以至于不能相信）.What does the man mean?(A) No one believes he won the scholarship.(B) He's surprised that he got the scholarship.(C) It isn't true that he won the scholarship.(D) He's glad to award the woman the scholarship.13. Excuse me. Prof. Davidson. But I was hoping to talk to you about my class project for economics.I have a class in a few minutes. Why don't you come to see me during office hours（上班时间）tomorrow?When will the woman discuss her project with Prof. Davidson?(A) During economics class.(B) Before economics.(C) In about an hour.(D) The next day.14. How are you feeling?The stuff the nurse gave me seemed to have helped. But it's making me awfully （非常地）drowsy（昏昏欲睡的）.What does the woman mean?(A) The nurse wasn't able to help her.(B) She's going to help the nurse.(C) She thinks she should ask the nurse for a pill.(D) She feels sleepy because of the medicine she took.15. Bill Smith has volunteered（志愿）to write a summary（总结）of the proposals we've agreed on.Will I have a chance to review it?What does the woman want to know?(A) Whether she can make a proposal.(B) Whether Bill needs her help.(C) Whether she can review Bill's summary.(D) Whether she can speak for Bill.16. Why don't you wear that yellow shirt that your sister gave you for your birthday.I love that shirt. But it's missing two buttons（纽扣）.What does the man mean?(A) He can't wear the shirt right now.(B) He can't find the shirt.(C) He doesn't like the shirt.(D) He thinks the shirt is inappropriate for the occasion.17. How many classes do you have today?Just one. From 3 till 6.What does the man mean?(A) He has three classes in a row.(B) His class begins at one o'clock.(C) His class meets for three hours.(D) He will be in class all afternoon.18. Our football team didn't play very well.That's true. But at least we won the game.What does the man mean?(A) The team won despite poor play.(B) The team has to play at least one game.(C) At least the football team played well.(D) The team should have won the game.19. This has been an unusually cool summer.Uh huh! I actually had to get out（拿出）my wool（羊毛）sweaters（毛衣，运动衫）in August.What does the woman imply?(A) She needed warmer clothing than in previous summers.(B) She knitted two sweaters in August.(C) August was warmer than the rest of the summer.(D) She was unusually busy all summer.20. I got some bad news today. The store where I work in laying off（解雇）staff. Are they going to let you go?What does the woman want to know?(A) If the man is going to the store.(B) How the man feels about the news.(C) If the man is going to lose his job.(D) Where the man heard the news.21. I'd like to pick this film（胶片）up by 4 tomorrow afternoon.I can have it for you at 2 if you like（如果你喜欢，我可以2点给你）.What does the woman say about the film?(A) It will be ready at four o'clock today.(B) It can be picked up at two o'clock tomorrow.(C) It will be ready in two hours.(D) Only two rolls will be ready on time.22. I talked to Philip today and he said he'd be coming to the party.Oh, so he can come after all.What can be inferred about Philip?(A) He'll go to the party with the woman.(B) He met the man at the party.(C) He has changed his plans.(D) He has to work late.23. Gary insists on buying the food for the picnic.That's pretty generous（慷慨的）. But shouldn't we at least offer to share the expense（价钱，费用）?What does the woman suggest they do?(A) Pay for some of the food.(B) Insist on choosing their own food.(C) Treat Gary to dinner some other time.(D) Thank Gary for his generous offer.24. How's the new job going?Well. I'm getting used to（习惯于）lots of new things. But I wish the supervisor would give me some feedback.What does the woman mean?(A) She used to work at a newspaper.(B) She's like her supervisor's opinion of her work.(C) She wishes she had a different kind of work.(D) She meets with her supervisor regularly.25. Did Linda ever finish that introductory chapter?I'm not sure. She's spent hours on end rewriting it.What does the man imply about Linda?(A) She rearranged the chapters of her book.(B) She assured him that the chapter was finished.(C) She worked on the chapter for quite a while.(D) She wasn't sure how to end the book.26. The supermarket down the street is selling everything half price because they are going out of business（歇业）.Sounds like an ideal（理想的）time to stock up（储存，备用）on coffee.What does the man mean?(A) There's room to stack up the cans of coffee.(B) The store is out of coffee.(C) They should buy a lot of coffee.(D) They should wait for a better deal on coffee.27. Have you heard anything about the new professor?Just that she's no pushover（听从的人）.What does the man say about the professor?(A) She works very hard.(B) She is very strict.(C) Her classes fill up quickly.(D) It's easy to get good grades in her courses.28. I need to get a copy of my birth certificate（出生证）.Sorry. But we can only accept requests by mail now.What does the woman mean?(A) The office already mailed the man's birth certificate.(B) The office no longer issues birth certificates.(C) The man doesn't have sufficient identification for his request.(D) The man will have to apply for his birth certificate in writing.29. When is the earliest flight from Washington to New York?There's a shuttle（往返）( at six. And if that's full, there's another at 7.What does the man mean?(A) The woman has a choice of early flights.(B) Not many planes go to Washington.(C) The woman should take the earlier flight.(D) The six o'clock flight is already filled.30. How do you like to help me plan the refreshments(茶点) for the astronomy club meeting tomorrow night?Sure. Let's be careful not to overdo（夸张，过度）it though. Last time we had enough for 3 clubs put together.What does the woman mean?(A) She would prepare extra refreshments.(B) They should prepare extra refreshments.(C) The members of the club always eat a lot.(D) There was too much food at a previous meeting.Question 31-33David, can I give you a hand（帮忙）with one of those grocery（食品杂货店）bags?Sure, Nanny. Could you take this one please? I didn't realize how heavy these bags would be.Why did you buy so much stuff when you have to walk back home from the store?Well, I didn't intend（打算，计划）to buy a lot.But I'm having some people over and I guess I needed more than I expected.What's the occasion?Now the people I live with, the Kremers, have been on vacation for a month and I thought I'd surprise them. I'm inviting some of their friends and families for a welcome（受欢迎的）home dinner.Oh, that's really thoughtful（体贴的，有思想的）of you.I figure（表示）it's the least I can do for them. They've been letting me stay with them rent free while I'm in school.Really? That's pretty generous of them.Well, they understand how difficult it is to make ends meet（量人未出，勉强糊口）when you're a student. They've been such a big help to me. I thought that this might be a small way to thank them for the generosity（慷慨）.31. What is David trying to do?(A) Get a ride home with Nancy.(B) Find a place to live.(C) Go to the store before it closes.(D) Carry his groceries home.32. Why did David think he wouldn't have a problem?(A) He didn't expect to buy a lot.(B) He had only one bag of groceries.(C) The supermarket is just down the block.(D) He thought he'd get a ride with the Kramers.33. Why is David appreciative of the Kremers?(A) They are paying for his education.(B) They invited him to their party.(C) They took him on a vacation with them.(D) They let him live with them for free.Question 34-37Hi! How was your trip?Wonderful I spent most of my time at the art museum. I especially liked the new wing（机翼，翅膀）. I was amazed to hear the guide explain the problems they had building it.Right. I just read an article that went on & on about the cost. 90 million total I think.Yeah. The guide mentioned that. You could see they spared（节约，省下）no expense.Hm. It looked really unusual, at least from what I saw in the picture.It is. The basic design is two triangles（三角形）. In fact there are triangles all over. The paving（铺的）stones in the courtyard（院子）, the skylights（天窗）and even a lot of the sculptures.One sculpture is a mobile. It's in the courtyard and it's made of pieces of aluminum（铝）that moves slowly in the air. It's really impressive（给人印象深刻的）.That was in the article too. It said that the original was steel and it weighed so much that it wasn't safe to hand（拿起）.Right. They did it over in aluminum so it wouldn't come crashing down（碰到）on someone's head.You know the article went into（研究）that in detail. There was even an interview with the sculptor（雕刻家）.I'd like to read that. Would you mind if I borrow the magazine sometime?No. I wouldn't mind if I haven't thrown it out yet.34. What did the woman think of the new wing of the museum?(A) She was impressed by it(B) It was a waste of money.(C) She was amazed it had opened so soon.(D) She didn't like it as much as the other wings.35. How had the man learned about the museum?(A) He took a tour of the city.(B) He read about it.(C) He wrote an article about it.(D) He worked there as a guide.36. According to the woman, what do the paving stones, skylights and mobile have in common?(A) They came from the original wring.(B) They're made of the same material.(C) They're similar in shape.(D) They were designed by the same person.37. What was the problem with the original mobile?(A) It was made of aluminum.(B) It wasn't large enough.(C) It wouldn't move in the wind.(D) It was too heavy to put up.Questions 38 to 41In the few minutes that remain of today's class. I'd like to discuss next week's schedule with you because I'm presenting（呈现，赠送）a paper at a conference in Detroit on Thursday, I won't be here for either Wednesday's or Friday's class. I will however be here for Monday's. Next Friday, a week from today, is the midterm exam, marking the half way point in the semester. Prof. Andrews has agreed to administer（执行,管理）the exam. In place of the usual Wednesday's class, I've arranged an optional review session. Since it is optional, attendance （参加，出席）will not be taken. However attending the class would be a good idea for those worried about the midterm. So remember: Optional class next Wednesday; Midterm, Friday.38. What is the purpose of the talk?(A) To review material that will be on a test.(B) To introduce a new professor.(C) To explain changes in the schedule.(D) To describe the contents of a paper.39. At what point during the semester does the talk take place?(A) At the beginning.(B) In the middle.(C) One week before the end.(D) At the end.40. What did Prof. Andrews agree to do?(A) Administer an examination.(B) Present a conference paper.(C) Explain next week's schedule.(D) Take attendance in class.41. What will occur at next Wednesday's class time?(A) A regular class will be given.(B) An optional review class will be given.(C) An exam will be given.(D) Class will be canceled.Question 42 to 46Today's lecture we'll center on the prehistoric（史前的）people of Nevada Desert. Now most of these prehistoric desert people moved across the countryside（农村）throughout the year. You might think that they're wandering （闲逛，漫步）aimlessly（毫无目的的）. Far from it, they actually followed the series of carefully planned moves.Where they moved depended on where food was available. Places where plants were ripening（成熟）or fish were spawning（产卵）. Now often when these people moved, they carried all their possessions（财产，所有物）on their backs. But if the journey was long, extra food and tools were sometimes stored in caves （山洞，窑洞）or beneath（在…的下方）rocks.One of these caves is now an exciting archaeological site. Beyond（晚于）its small opening is a huge underground（地下的）grotto（洞穴）. Even though the cave is very large, it was certainly two dark（黑暗）and dusty（灰蒙蒙的）for the crawlers（爬行动物）to live in.But it was a great place to hide things. And tremendous（巨大的）amounts of food supplies and artifacts（手工艺品）have been found there. The food includes dried fish seeds（种子）and nuts（工艺品）. The artifacts include stone spear（矛）points（尖）and knives. The spar（争论）points are actually rather small. Here is a picture of some that were found. You can see their size in relation to（有关，涉及）the hands holding them.42. What is the main subject of this talk?(A) Rock formations in the Nevada desert.(B) Graduate studies in anthropology.(C) Excavation techniques used in archaeology.(D) Prehistoric desert people of Nevada.43. What point does the speaker make about the prehistoric people of the Nevada Desert?(A) They planned their migrations.(B) They didn't travel far from their base camps.(C) They hid from their enemies in caves.(D) They planned seeds near their camps.44. Why didn't the people live in the cave described by the speaker?(A) They had trouble finding it.(B) Lack of light made it impossible.(C) It was too small for a group to fit into.(D) Items stored by others took up most of the space.45. What have archaeologists found in the cave?(A) Prehistoric desert people.(B) Migratory animals.(C) Food supplies and tools.(D) Growing plants.46. Why does the speaker show a photo to the class?(A) To illustrate the size of some objects.(B) To introduce the next assignment.(C) To show some artifact on display at the campus museum.(D) To demonstrate his photographic ability.Question 47 to 50To us, the environment in which fish dwell（居住）often seems cold, dark and mysterious（神秘的，不可思议的）. But there are advantages to living in water. And they've played an important role in making fish what they are. One is that water isn't subject to（易受…的）sudden temperature changes. Therefore it makes an excellent habitat（n 住处）for a cold blooded animal.Another advantage is the water's ability to easily support body weight. Protoplasm（原浆）has approximately the same density（密度）as water. So a fish in water is almost weightless（无重量的）. This weightlessness in turn（依次）means two things:1) A fish can get along with a light weight and a simple bone structure. And2) Limitations（局限，限制）to a fish's size are practically（实际上）removed. Yet there is one basic difficulty to living in water the fact that it is incompressible （不能压缩的）. For a fish to move through water, it must actually shove（猛推）it aside（adv在旁边，到一边）. Most can do this by wiggling（折弯运动）back and forth （反复地，来回地）in snakelike motion. The fish pushes water aside by the forward motion of its head and with a curve of its body and its flexible tall. Next the water flows back along the fish's narrowing（狭小的）size, closing in at the tall and helping the fish propel（推动）itself forward.The fact that water is incompressible has literally（真正地）shaped（形成）the development of fish. A flat and angular（有角的）shape can be moved through water only with difficulty. And for this reason, fish have a basic shape that is beautifully adapted to deal with this peculiarity（特点，特性）.47. What is the talk mainly about?(A) A comparison of fish to warm-blooded animals.(B) The difference between saltwater and freshwater environments.(C) The importance of fish to human beings.(D) How water has affected the development of fish.48. What does the speaker mention as a problem that water presents to fish?(A) It can't be compressed.(B) It is often polluted.(C) Its temperature often fluctuates dramatically.(D)It limits their size.49. The speaker compares a fish's movement with that of what creature?(A) A whale.(B) A human.(C) A snake.(D) A snail.50. What aspect of a fish does the speaker discuss in the most detail?(A) Its skeleton.(B) Its shape.(C) Its senses.(D)Its body temperature.。