Remotesensingoft_省略_menCityofSEChina_

2022年考研考博-考博英语-中国科学院考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Parents often fall into the trap of offering other food in order to（） the child to eat. 问题1选项A.temptB.manipulateC.incenseD.escort【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。

tempt “吸引，诱使”；manipulate “操作，操控”；incense “使激怒”；escort“护送，陪同”。

句意：家长们常常陷入困境，通过别的食物来吸引孩子好好吃饭。

选项A符合句意。

2.翻译题Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Write your Chinese version in the proper space on your Answer Sheet.In the U.S., citizens tend to rely on electronic media such as TV rather than print media. TV news tends to provide numerous visuals and abbreviated textual information. (1) Although TV news stories pitch “on-the-scene reporting”, and other eye-catching images to viewers, the actual stories are generally so brief that were the reports transcribed into newspaper copy, no single story would have enough text to cover a third of a page. It is remarkable to consider how little information is conveyed between all the exciting visuals. (2) It is also remarkable to stop and think about how inadequately informed citizens may be if their primary source of political knowledge is the picture-rich and data-poor TV evening news. Moreover, because U.S. media companies are primarily privately owned, (3) media professionals are under pressure to present news in an entertaining way in order to expand their audiences and corresponding advertising revenues. Large audiences create higher profits from advertising sales. With a few exceptions, U.S. TV and radio stations are like other businesses: They need to generate money to cover operating costs and make profits. If media professionals are convinced that viewers want entertaining news rather than in-depth details, this assumption affects the kind of news they produce. Not surprisingly, political scientists have found that news coverage of election campaigns tends to focus on the personal lives of candidates rather than on issues, and (4) when issues are reported the emphasis is often on the immediate and most dramatic implications of the issues, not on the historical, long-term, or global dimensions of those issues.At the same time, insofar as television and Internet-based news must be generated quickly, time pressures impede extensive independent investigations. Because U.S. citizens conceptualize news as something occurring by the hour or minute, U.S. media professionals are often putting together news stories under severe time restraints. (5) Some analysts believe that this increases the tendency of reporters to get information from official sources rather than from the reporters’ own independent investigations of newsworthy events. Think about this issue from the standpoint of reporters and editors. If you are a reporter assigned the task of doing a story on a state’s new prison system, for example, you will find it is quicker and easier to get a governor’s press release on the new prison than it is to go to libraries, data banks, and university research centers to investigate the topic on your own. This does not suggest that investigative journalism never occurs; rather, many scholars believe that time pressures tend to encourage the use of information provided by official sources (for example, political leaders and their press secretaries) rather than the collection of facts through ongoing independent research.【答案】【参考译文】（1）虽然电视新闻故事多推崇“现场报道”或者其他吸人眼球的形象，但是实际上这些故事通常都很简短，要是把这些报道转写成报纸版面的话，它们任何一个都占不了三分之一的版面。

2017年考研英语一试题及答案解析Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding "yes!"_____〔1〕helping you feel close and _____〔2〕to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a _____〔3〕of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you _____〔4〕getting sick this winter.In a recent study _____〔5〕over 400 healthy adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs_____〔6〕the participants' susceptibility to developing the common cold after being_____〔7〕to the virus. People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come_____〔8〕with a cold, and the researchers_____〔9〕that the stress-reducing effects of hugging _____〔10〕about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. _____〔11〕among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe_____〔12〕."Hugging protects people who are under stress from the _____〔13〕risk for colds that's usually _____〔14〕with stress," notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie, Hugging " is a marker of intimacy and help _____〔15〕the feeling that others are there to help_____〔16〕difficulty."Some experts_____〔17〕the stress-reducing, health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called "the bonding hormone"_____〔18〕it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mothers and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it _____〔19〕in the brain, where it _____〔20〕mood, behavior and physiology.1. A．Besides B．Unlike C．Throughout D．Despite2. A．equal B．restricted C．connected D．inferior3. A．view B．host C．lesson D．choice4. A．avoid B．forget C．recall D．keep5. A．collecting B．affecting C．guiding D．involving6. A．on B．in C．at D．of7. A．devoted B．attracted C．lost D．exposed8. A．along B．across C．down D．out9. A．imagined B．denied C．doubted D．calculated．served B．restored C．explained D．required．Thus B．Still C．Rather D．Even．defeats B．symptoms C．errorsD．tests．highlighted B．increased C．controlled D．minimized．presented B．equipped C．associated D．compared．assess B．generate C．moderate D．record16. A．in the name of B．in the form of C．in the face of D．in the way of ．attribute B．commit C．transfer D．return．unless B．because C．though D．until．remains B．emerges C．vanishes D．decreases ．experiences B．combines C．justifies D．influencesSection ⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. 〔40 points〕Text 1First two hours, now three hours —this is how far in advance authorities are recommending people show up to catch a domestic flight, at least at some major U.S. airports with increasingly massive security lines.Americans are willing to tolerate time-consuming security protocols in return for increased safety. The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804, which terrorists may have downedover the Mediterranean Sea, provides another tragic reminder of why. But demanding toomuch of air travelers or providing too little security in return undermines public supportfor the process. And it should: Wasted time is a drag on Americans' economic and private lives, not to mention infuriating.Last year, the Transportation Security Administration(TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons — both fake and real — past airport security nearly every time they tried. Enhanced security measures since then, combinedwith a rise in airline travel due to the improving economy and low oil prices, have resulted in long waits at major airports such as Chicago's O'Hare International. It is notyet clear how much more effective airline security has become —but the lines are obvious.Part of the issue is that the government did not anticipate the steep increase in airline travel, so the TSA is now rushing to get new screeners on the line. Part of the issue is that airports have only so much room for screening lanes. Another factor may be that more people are trying to overpack their carry-on bags to avoid checked-baggage fees, thoughthe airlines strongly dispute this.There is one step the TSA could take that would not require remodeling airports or rushing to hire: Enroll more people in the PreCheck program. PreCheck is supposed to bea win-win for travelers and the TSA. Passengers who pass a background check are eligible to use expedited screening lanes. This allows the TSA to focus on travelers whoare higher risk, saving time for everyone involved. TSA wants to enroll 25 million peoplein PreCheck.It has not gotten anywhere close to that, and one big reason is sticker shock: Passengers must pay $85 every five years to process their background checks. Since the beginning, this price tag has been PreCheck's fatal flaw. Upcoming reforms might bring the price to a more reasonable level. But Congress should look into doing so directly, by helping to finance PreCheck enrollment or to cut costs in other ways.The TSA cannot continue diverting resources into underused PreCheck lanes while most of the traveling public suffers in unnecessary lines. It is long past time to make the program work.21.The crash of EgyptAir Flight 804 is mentioned to[A] explain American’s tolerance of current security checks.[B] stress the urgency to strengthen security worldwide.[C] highlight the necessity of upgrading major U.S. airports.[D] emphasize the importance of privacy protection.22.Which of the following contributes to long waits at major airports?[A] New restrictions on carry-on bags.[B] The declining efficiency of the TSA.[C] An increase in the number of travellers.[D] Frequent unexpected secret checks.23.The word “exp edited〞(Liner 4, Para. 5) is closet in meaning to[A] quieter.[B] cheaper.[C] wider.[D] faster.24. One problem with the PreCheck program is[A] a dramatic reduction of its scale.[B] its wrongly-directed implementation.[C] the government’s reluctanc e to back it.[D] an unreasonable price for enrollment.25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Less Screening for More Safety[B] PreCheck – a Belated Solution[C] Getting Stuck in Security Lines[D] Underused PreCheck LanesText 2“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers,〞wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaii's last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members of Hawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests haveerupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanity's view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMT's planned location on Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko, that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the world's most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Kea's peak rises above the bulk of our planet's dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environmentalists have long viewed their presence as disrespect far sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation. Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is not the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Kea's fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the islands' inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past；it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaii's shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change its use of Mauna Kea. The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescope’s visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.26. Queen Liliuokalani’s remark in Paragraph 1 indicates[A] her conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.[B] the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.[C]the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.[D] her appreciation of star watchers’ feats in her time.27. Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to[A] its geographical features.[B] its protective surroundings.[C] its religious implications.[D] its existing infrastructure.28. The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because[A] it may risk ruining their intellectual life.[B] it reminds them of a humiliating history.[C] their culture will lose a chance of revival.[D] they fear losing control of Mauna Kea.29. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in today’s astronomy[A] is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.[B] helps spread Hawaiian culture across the world.[C] may uncover the origin of Hawaiian culture.[D] will eventuall y soften Hawaiians’ hostility.30. The author’s attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of[A] severe criticism.[B] passive acceptance.[C] slight hesitancy.[D] full approval.Text 3Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country's GDP measures “everything except that which makes life worthwhile.〞With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK’s GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges, there are a number of consistent themes. Yes, there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash, but in key indicators in areas such as health and education, major economies have continued to decline. Yet this isn’t the case with all countries. Some relatively poor European countries have seen huge improvements across measures including civil society, income equality and environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn: When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country’s success, the world looks very different.So what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations, as a measure, it is no longerenough. It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes – all things that contribute to a person's sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth. But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress.31. Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he[A]praised the UK for its GDP.[B]identified GDP with happiness.[C]misinterpreted the role of GDP.[D]had a low opinion of GDP.32. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that[A]the UK is reluctant to remold its economic pattern.[B]the UK will contribute less to the world economy.[C]GDP as the measure of success is widely defied in the UK.[D]policymakers in the UK are paying less attention to GDP.33. Which of the following is true about the recent annual study?[A]It excludes GDP as an indicator.[B]It is sponsored by 163 countries.[C]Its criteria are questionable.[D]Its results are enlightening.34. In the last two paragraphs, the author suggests that[A]the UK is preparing for an economic boom.[B]high GDP foreshadows an economic decline.[C]it is essential to consider factors beyond GDP.[D]it requires caution to handle economic issues.35. Which of the following is the best for the text?[A]High GDP But Inadequate Well-being, a UK lesson[B]GDP figures, a Window on Global Economic Health[C] Robert F. Kennedy, a Terminator of GDP[D]Brexit, the UK’s Gateway to Well-beingText 4In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct, which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari Automobile from a company seeking access to government.The high court’s decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell’s trail failed to tell a jury thatit must look only at his “officia l acts,〞or the former governor’s decisions on “specific〞and “unsettled〞issues related to his duties.Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found.The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is “distasteful〞and “nasty.〞But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an “official act.〞The court’s ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of pr osecution of bribery. “The basic compact underlying representative government,〞wrote Chief Justice John Roberts for the court, “assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns.〞But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensure equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity requires will-enforced laws in government transparency, such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and information about each elected leader’s source of wealth.Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access for average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic society – that all are equal in treatment by government- is undermined. Good government rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual.The court’s ruling is a step forward in the struggle against both corruption and official favoritism.36. The underlined sentence(Para.1) most probably shows that the court[A] avoided defining the extent of McDonnell’s duties.[B] made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.[C] was contemptuous of McDonnell’s conduct.[D] refused to comment on McDonnell’s ethics.37. According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves[A] concrete returns for gift-givers.[B] sizable gains in the form of gifts.[C] leaking secrets intentionally.[D] breaking contracts officially.38. The court’s ruling is d on the assumption that public officials are[A] allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.[B] qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.[C] justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.[D] exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.39. Well-enforced laws in government transparency are needed to[A] awaken the conscience of officials.[B] guarantee fair play in official access.[C] allow for certain kinds of lobbying.[D] inspire hopes in average people.40. The author’s attitude toward the court’s ruling is[A] sarcastic.[B] tolerant.[C] skeptical.[D] supportive.Part BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs B andD have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on theANSWER SHEET.〔10 points〕[A] The first published sketch, "A Dinner at Polar Walk" brought tears to Dickens's eyes when he discovered it in the pages of The Monthly Magazine From then on his sketches, which appeared under the pen name "Boz" inThe Evening Chronicle, earned him a modest reputation.[B] The runaway success of The Pickwick Papers, as it is generally known today, secured Dickens's fame. There were Pickwick coats and Pickwick cigars, and the plump, spectacled hero, Samuel Pickwick, because a national figure.[C] Soon after Sketches by Boz appeared, a publishing firm approached Dickens to write a story in monthly installments, as a backdrop for a series of woodcuts by the then-famous artist Robert Seymour, who had originated the idea for the story. With characteristic confidence, Dickens successfully insisted that Seymour's pictures illustrate his own story instead. After the first installment, Dickens wrote to the artist and asked him to correct a drawing Dickens felt, was not faithful enough to his prose. Seymour made the change, went into his backyard, and expressed his displeasure by committing suicide. Dickens and his publishers simply pressed on with a new artist. The comic novel, The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, appeared serially in 1836 and 1837 and was first published in book form in 1837.[D] Charles Dickens is probably the best-known and, to many people, the greatest English novelist of the 19th century. A moralist, satirist, and social reformer, Dickens crafted complex plots and striking characters that capture the panorama of English society.[E]Soon after his father's release from prison, Dickens got a better job as errand boy in law offices. He taught himself shorthand to get an even better job later as a court stenographer and as a reporter in Parliament. At the same time, Dickens, who had a reporter's eye for transcribing the life around him, especially anything comic or odd, submitted short sketches to obscure magazines.[F] Dickens was born in Portsmouth, on England's southern coast. His father was a clerk in the British Navy Pay office -- a respectable position, but with little social status. His paternal grandparents, a steward and a housekeeper, possessed even less status, having been servants, and Dickenslaterconcealedtheirbackground.Dicken's mother supposedly came from a more respectable family. Yet two years before Dicken's birth, his mother's father was caught stealing and fled to Europe, never to return. The family's increasing poverty forced Dickens out of school at age 12 to work in Warren's Blacking Warehouse, a shoe-polish factory, where the other working boys mocked him as "the young gentleman." His father was then imprisoned for debt. The humiliations of his father's imprisonment and his labor in the blacking factory formed Dickens's greatest wound and became his deepest could not confide them even to his wife, although they provide the unacknowledged foundation of his fiction.[G] After Pickwick, Dickens plunged into a bleaker world. InOliver Twist, he traces an orphan's progress from theworkhouse to the criminal slums of London. NicholasNickleby, his next novel, combines the darkness of Oliver Twist with the sunlight of Pickwick. The popularity of thesenovels consolidated Dickens' as a nationally and internationally celebrated man of letters.Section III TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The growth of the use of English as the world`s primary language for international communication has obviously been continuing for several decades.(46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.Complex international, economic, technological and culture change could start to diminish the leading position of English as the language of the world market, and UK interests which enjoy advantage from the breath of English usage would consequently face new pressures. Those realistic possibilities are highlighted in the study presented by David Graddol(47)His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.David Graddol concludes that monoglot English graduates face a bleak economic future as qualified multilingual youngsters from other countries are proving to have a competitive advantage over their British counterparts in global companies and organizations. Alongside that,(48)many countries are introducing English into the primary-school curriculum but Britishschoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.If left to themselves, such trends will diminish the relative strength of the English language in international education markets as the demand for educational resources in languages, such as Spanish ,Arabic or Mandarin grows and international business process outsourcing in other language such as Japanese, French and German, spreads.UK in invisible exports and our other education related explores earn up to &10 billion a year more. As the international education market expands, the recent slowdown in the number of international students studying in the main English-speaking countries is likely to continue, especially if there are no effective strategic policies to prevent such slippage.The anticipation of possible shifts in demand provided by this study is significant:(50) It gives a basis to all organization which seek to promote the learning and very different operating environment. That is a necessary and practical approach. In this as in much else, those who wish to influence the future must prepare for it.Section ⅣWriting51 directionsYou are to write an email to James Cook, a newly-arrived Australia professor, recommending some tourist attraction in your city. Please give reasons for your recommendation.You should write neatly on the answer sheet.Do not sign your own name at the end of the email. Use “Li Ming〞instead.Do not write the address。

1.1 What is Remote Sensing?So, what exactly is remote sensing? For the purposes of this tutorial, we will use thefollowing definition:"Remote sensing is the science (and to some extent, art) of acquiring information about the Earth's surface without actually being in contact with it. This is done by sensing and recording reflected or emitted energy and processing, analyzing, and applying that information."1.1什么是遥感？那么，究竟什么是遥感？这篇教程的目的，我们将使用下面的定义：“遥感科学（在某种程度上，艺术）获取地球表面信息，而不必接触它。

这是通过检测和记录反映或发出能量和处理，进行分析，并应用的信息。

”In much of remote sensing, the process involves an interaction between incident radiation and the targets of interest. This is exemplified by the use of imaging systems where the following seven elements are involved. Note, however that remote sensing also involves the sensing of emitted energy and the use of non-imaging sensors.在许多遥感，过程包括入射辐射和感兴趣的目标之间的相互作用。

E-mail:***********.cn Website: Tel*************©中国图象图形学报版权所有中国图象图形学报JO U R N A L O F IM A G E AND G R A PHICS中图法分类号:TP753文献标识码：A文章编号：1006-8961(2021)03-0663-11论文引用格式：Wang Y L ，Wang H Q and Xu T. 2021. Aircraft recognition of remote sensing im age* based on samp 丨e generated by CGAN. Jouma 丨 of Image and GraPhicS ，26(03) :0663-0673(王耀领，王宏琦，许滔.2021. CGAN 样本生成的遥感图像飞机识別.中国图象图形学报,26(03) :0663- 0673)[ DOI ：10. 11834/jig. 200001 ]CGAN 样本生成的遥感图像飞机识别王耀领“2’3’4,王宏琦K 4,许滔1’2’3’41.中国科学院空天信息创新研究院，北京100190;2.中国科学院大学电子电气与通信工程学院，北京1_9;3.中国科学院大学，北京1_9;4.中国科学院空天信息创新研究院网络信息体系技术重点实验室，北京100190摘要：目的基于深度学习的飞机目标识别方法在遥感图像解译领域取得了很大进步，但其泛化能力依赖于大 规模数据集。

条件生成对抗网络（conditional generative adversarial network,CGAN )可用于产生逼真的生成样本以扩 充真实数据集，但对复杂遥感场景的建模能力有限，生成样本质量低。

针对这些问题，提出了一种结合CGAN 样 本生成的飞机识别框架。

方法改进条件生成对抗网络，利用感知损失提高生成器对遥感图像的建模能力，提 出了基于掩膜的结构相似性（structural similarity, SSIM)度量损失函数（masked-SSIM loss )以提高生成样本中飞 机区域的图像质量，该损失函数与飞机的掩膜相结合以保证只作用于图像中的飞机区域而不影响背景区域。

2016年北京航空航天大学翻译硕士英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. V ocabulary 2. Reading Comprehension 3. WritingV ocabulary1．This liquid is highly______; it should be kept in a tightly stopped bottle.A．volatileB．volubleC．voluptuousD．voracious正确答案：A解析：本题考查形容词词义辨析。

根据主语liquid和空后的kept in a tightly stopped bottle推断，应该是易挥发的液体放在密闭的瓶子里，故答案为volatile，意为“(液体)易挥发的”。

voluble意为“(讲话)滔滔不绝的，流利的”。

voluptuous 意为“(女子)妖娆的，丰满的，性感的”。

voracious意为“贪吃的，食量大的；(对信息、知识)渴求的，求知欲极强的”。

2．The______workroom has not been used in years.A．bereftB．bustlingC．derelictD．stricken正确答案：C解析：本题考查形容词词义辨析。

bereft意为“感到失落的；完全没有的”。

bustling意为“(地方)繁忙的，热闹的”。

derelict意为“(建筑物或土地)破旧的，弃置的”，符合has not been used in years的语义，故为答案。

stricken意为“受煎熬的；患病的；遭受挫折的；遭受……的”。

3．He refused to see anyone and remained a______all his life.A．hereticB．fugitiveC．hermitD．veteran正确答案：C解析：本题考查名词词义辨析。

heretic意为“异教徒，异端分子”。

新探索研究生英语读写教程答案微信公众号1、It’s windy outside. _______ your jacket, Bob. [单选题] *A. Try onB. Put on(正确答案)C. Take offD. Wear2、The famous writer, _____ writings for China Daily I appreciate a lot , is invited to give a speech in our university. [单选题] *A. thatB. whose(正确答案)C. whomD. who3、His understanding made a deep impression_____the young girl. [单选题] *A.on(正确答案)B.inC.forD.with4、—Where ______ you ______ for your last winter holiday?—Paris. We had a great time. （）[单选题] *A. did; go(正确答案)B. do; goC. are; goingD. can; go5、I haven’t met him _____ the last committee meeting. [单选题] *A. forB. since(正确答案)C. atD. before6、31．That's ______ interesting football game. We are all excited. [单选题] *A．aB．an(正确答案)C．theD．/7、When you’ve finished with that book, don’t forget to put it back one the shelf, ____? [单选题] *A. do youB. don’t youC. will you(正确答案)D. won’t you8、The young man had decided to give up the chance of studying abroad, _____ surprised his parents a lot. [单选题] *A. whenB. whereC. which(正确答案)D. that9、--_______ do you have to do after school?--Do my homework, of course. [单选题] *A. What(正确答案)B. WhenC. WhereD. How10、He _______ getting up early. [单选题] *A. used toB. is used to(正确答案)C. is usedD. is used for11、If you do the same thing for a long time, you'll be tired of it. [单选题] *A. 试图B. 努力C. 厌倦(正确答案)D. 熟练12、48．—________ is your new skirt, Lingling?—Black. [单选题] * A．HowB．What colour(正确答案)C．WhichD．Why13、The Yangtze River is one of （）the in the world. [单选题] *A. longest riverB. longest rivers(正确答案)C. longer riverD. longer rivers14、_____how to do with the trouble of the computer, Tom had to ask his brother for help. [单选题] *A.Not to knowB.Not knowing(正确答案)C.Not knownD.Not know15、One effective（）of learning a foreign language is to study the language in its cultural context. [单选题] *A. approach(正确答案)B. wayC. mannerD. road16、Medicines are to be taken according to the doctor’s advice. [单选题] *A. 发放B. 提取C. 配方D. 服用(正确答案)17、The manager isn’t in at the moment. May I _______ a message? [单选题] *A. take(正确答案)B. makeC. haveD. keep18、---Where’s that report?---I brought it to you ____you were in Mr. Black’s office yesterday. [单选题] *A. ifB. when(正确答案)C. becauseD. before19、If you know the answer, _______ your hand, please. [单选题] *A. put up(正确答案)B. put downC. put onD. put in20、My brother usually _______ his room after school. But now he _______ soccer. [单选题] *A. cleans; playsB. cleaning; playingC. cleans; is playing(正确答案)D. cleans; is playing the21、Sometimes only（）10 out of 500 or more candidates succeed in passing all the tests. [单选题] *A. as many asB. as few as(正确答案)C. as much asD. as little as22、Tom is very _______. He never cleans his room. [单选题] *A. lazy(正确答案)B. activeC. shyD. healthy23、His remarks _____me that I had made the right decision. [单选题] *A.ensuredB.insuredC.assured(正确答案)D.assumed24、Be careful with the knife. You may hurt _______. [单选题] *A. himselfB. ourselvesC. myselfD. yourself(正确答案)25、There are many beautiful _______ in the wardrobe. [单选题] *A. bookB. dresses(正确答案)C. cell phoneD. grocery26、Which animal do you like _______, a cat, a dog or a bird? [单选题] *A. very muchB. best(正确答案)C. betterD. well27、Finally he had to break his promise. [单选题] *A. 计划B. 花瓶C. 习惯D. 诺言(正确答案)28、17．—When ________ they leave here?—Tomorrow morning. [单选题] *A．doB．will(正确答案)C．doesD．are29、Which do you enjoy to spend your weekend, fishing or shopping? [单选题] *China'shigh-speed railways _________ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past fewyears.A. are growing(正确答案)B. have grownC. will growD. had grown30、61．How is online shopping changing our way? ? ? ? ? ? life? [单选题] *A．of(正确答案)B．in C．on D．for。

盐城市2024届高考英语信息卷二2024.05.22第二部分阅读(共两节, 满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

ATravel Wifi (formerly TEP Wireless) is a global company with a simple mission: to keep you connected to the Internet while traveling. They do this by providing wifi hotspot devices (for rent or purchase) that can be used on 6 different continents.About the wifi devicesThe Pocket Travel Wifi devices are the size and shape of a small smartphone. The standard Hotspot Rental and The Sapphire 2 (for purchase) share a similar design with one button and one mini-USB charging port. However, it’s important to note that these devices are not waterproof. When fully charged, they should last around 12 hours with fairly regular wifi use. Additionally, the Sapphire 2 model features indicator lights displaying signal strength and battery life.Renting vs. Buying the travel wifi deviceThe cost of purchasing a travel wifi device is $89-$109, and then you pay on top of that for data packages ($29.9 for 20 GB in a month). Most frequent travelers buy their own device for convenience.The rental price is based on the total number of days that you’ll keep the device and how much data you want to use each day. Daily rates range from $6.9 for 1 GB, $12.9 for 2 GB to $16.9 for 3 GB. Week pass ($45.9) with no data limit is also a good choice for short-term travelers.21. What is an advantage of the travel wifi device?A. It is convenient to carry.B. It is quick to charge.C. It is resistant to water.D. It is excellent in signal.22. For a 7-day UK trip, what’s the minimum rent for a Wi-Fi device?A. $6.9B. $29.9C. $45.9D. $48.323. Which group may be excluded from the intended audience?A. Regular travelers.B. People on business globally.C. Passionate surfers.D. Tourists accessing wifi abroad.BBorn in 1973 in Wenzhou, Jiang Shengnan is the youngest daughter in the family and her name, Shengnan, translates as “better than men”. She was a bookworm as a primary school student and often spent what she calls “a colorful day” at the school library, reading one or two books a day, absorbed in her own world.Jiang began reading Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) author Cao Xueqin’s Dream of the Red Chamber in the second grade, when she did not even fully understand all the characters. She also loved reading history, and the first historical books she read were the Chronicles of the Eastern Zhou Kingdoms, stories that are more than 2,280 years old.In 1996, she wrote her first martial arts novel Modao Fengyun to entertain herself. In 1997, she bought a computer and typed in the manuscript (手稿), but with nowhere to publish, only family and friends read the book.Jiang focused on women, who were usually overshadowed and presented as simplified characters in Chinese literature, particularly important historical women. She realized that Chinese historical novels tended to focus on emperors, kings, and generals, and women often featured as vehicles, such as virtuous wives and good mothers.Among the 2,000 ratings on Douban, a major review aggregator (聚合器) in China, nearly 70 percent of readers gave Jiang’s most famous novel four stars or more out of five. One reader, nicknamed Yinrendeponiang, who gave thenovel four stars, commented that, “The book describes the life o f China’s first empress dowager (女皇), through a mix of fiction and history. It details her journey from birth to rule, and how the changes in her life influenced her, shaping her into a kind yet tricky individual. She resists others’ control over her...Thi s book not only informs us about her path to growth, but also shows how a woman can achieve success through her own efforts.”24. What can we learn about Jiang from the first two paragraphs?A. She had an extremely romantic view of life.B. Her reading choices were family-influenced.C. Her hobby was comparable to men’s early on.D. She tackled complex literature at a young age.25. Why did Jiang’s family and friends be the readers of her early works?A. To persuade her out of writing.B. To kill their time for entertainment.C. To encourage her writing enthusiasm.D. To help her find mistakes in her work26. What is the author’s purpose of mentioning Yinrendeponiang?A. To call on women to achieve success.B. To show his dissatisfaction with the novel.C. To make comments on China’s first empress dowager.D. To demonstrate Jiang’s work is well-received on Douban.27. Which proverb can best describe Jiang’s work?A. Knowledge is power.B. Women hold up half the sky.C. One good turn deserves another.D. Constant dripping wears away the stone.CThe male western tanager (唐纳雀) looks like a little flame, while females are less showy, a dusty yellow. In the spring, they prepare to move thousands of miles to the Mountain West of Central America, flying through grasslands, deserts, and occasionally, suburban yards.To fuel them on their lengthy journey, western tanagers fill up on insects and berries. But as global climate change causes spring to start earlier, birds such as western tanagers are ar riving at their destination after what’s known as “green-up”, when flowers begin blooming and insects emerge. According to a study published in early March in the journal PNAS, this kind of timing mismatch between migrants (迁移动物) and their food sources, which is happening across North America, could have serious consequences for migratory birds’ survival. “In discussing climate change, we often focus on warming,” says Scott Loss, a co-author of the study. “But the length and timing of seasons—like when winter ends and spring begins—are some of the most dramatic effects of climate change.”Loss and his colleagues used satellite imagery from 2002 to 2021 to calculate the average start of spring green-up along the typical migration routes of 150 North American bird species, then compared that timing with the current green-up. They found that spring is indeed beginning earlier along birds’ migration routes. “By contrary, previous studies have mainly focused on songbirds in Eastern North America,” says Morgan Tingley, an ornithologist at UCLA, “but this new investigation shows that bird species in the West and at different levels of the food web might be just as vulnerable (脆弱的).”“Part of it is knowing which species are vulnerable to various threats,” Loss says. “This adds to the knowledge about vulnerability of a wide range of bird species.” And he hopes that the information will serve to highlight the urgent need to lower greenhouse-gas emissions as fast as possible. “It’s really important, if we can’t address cl imate change immediately, to try to stop habitat loss as much as we can.”28. What may pose a direct threat to western tanagers’ survival?A. Global warming.B. The duration of changing seasons.C. Loss of habitats due to human activities.D. Decreased access to foods during migration.29. What is unique about the new study on birds like western tanagers?A. It covers a wider geographic range.B. It reveals the decline in bird populations.C. It centers on the adaptation of bird species.D. It ensures the existence of a timing mismatch.30. What does Loss suggest we do to safeguard migratory birds?A. Lessen the effects of climate change.B. Preserve ecosystems for bird species.C. Address emissions and habitat loss.D. Expand researches on threats to birds.31. Where is the text most likely from?A. A scientific journal.B. A bird-watching guidebook.C. A website about climate change.D. A magazine about wildlife conservation.DComputer scientist Pascale Fung can imagine a bright future in which AI helpers like ChatGPT bridge language barriers. In that world, Indonesian store owners fluent only in local dialects might reach new shoppers by listing their products online in English.“It can open opportunities,” Fung says—then pauses. She’s spotted the bias (偏好) in her vision of a more interconnected future: The Al-aided shopping would be one-sided, because few Americans would bother to use AI translation to help research products advertised in Indonesian. Fung, director of the Center for AI Research at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, who herself speaks seven languages, sees this bias in her own field. Fung would like to see Al change that, not further strengthen the primary position of English.Fung is part of a global community of AI researchers testing the language skills of ChatGPT and sounding the alarm about evidence that they are significantly less capable in languages other than English. “One of my biggest concerns is that we’re going to exacerbate the bias for En glish and English speakers,”says Thien Huu Nguyen, a University of Oregon computer scientist. “People are going to follow the norm (标准) and not think about their own identities or culture. It kills innovation.”The AI systems are good at translating other languages into English, but they struggle with rewriting English into other languages. Nguyen’s study reports that tests on ChatGPT in March showed it performed substantially (基本上) worse at answering factual questions or summarizing complex text in non-English languages and was more likely to fabricate (捏造) information. “This is an English sentence, so there is no way to translate it to Vietnamese,” the robot responded inaccurately to one question.At a US conference, Senator Alex Padilla of California ask ed Sam Altman, CEO of ChatGPT’s creator, OpenA I, which is based in the state, what his company is doing to close the language gap. About 44 percent of Californians speak language other than English. Padilla, who also speaks Spanish, is questioning about the systems delivering fair linguistic (语言的) outcomes without big shifts in strategies by their developers.32. What’s Fung’s attitude to the non-English language skills of ChatGPT?A. Optimistic.B. Dismissive.C. Doubtful.D. Unclear.33. What does the underlined word “exacerbate” mean in Paragraph 3?A. Restrict.B. Worsen.C. Encourage.D. Disturb.34. What is in line with Nguyen’s study regarding ChatGPT?A. It performs better in translating into English.B. It excels in non-English language translation.C. It tends to invent information in translations.D. It struggles with turning English to other languages.35. What’s the most suitable title for the text?A. ChatGPT: Exposing linguistic biasB. ChatGPT: Bridging Language BarriersC. ChatGPT: AI Translation RevolutionD. ChatGPT: Leaving Non-English Out in AI第二节(共5小题；每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

international journal of remote sensing稿件准备-回复International Journal of Remote Sensing: Manuscript Preparation (1500-2000 words)Introduction:The International Journal of Remote Sensing (IJRS) is a prestigious platform for researchers and scholars worldwide to publish their work in the field of remote sensing. To ensure the quality and consistency of the published manuscripts, it is essential to properly prepare and format your submission. This article will guide you through the step-by-step process of preparing your manuscript for submission to the IJRS.1. Title:The first step in preparing your manuscript is to create a compelling and informative title. Ensure that it accurately reflects the content of your study while intriguing potential readers. Avoid using abbreviations, acronyms, or jargon that may not be widely understood.2. Abstract:Compose an abstract that concisely summarizes the objectives, methods, results, and conclusions of your research. It should be between 150 and 300 words and highlight the key aspects of your study. Write it in a clear and concise manner, making it both informative and appealing to potential readers.3. Keywords:Select 5-8 keywords that best describe the subject and scope of your research. These keywords will help in indexing and searching for your article.4. Introduction:Provide a comprehensive introduction to your research topic. Clearly state the research problem, objectives, and significance of your study, along with a brief review of existing literature and the research gap you aim to fill.5. Materials and Methods:Describe the materials and methods used in your research in chronological order. Include sufficient details so that the study can be reproduced. Provide information about the study area, data sources, remote sensing techniques, and any statistical or analyticaltools utilized. Ensure that the methods are appropriate and rigorous.6. Results and Discussion:Present your results in a logical and systematic manner. Use tables, figures, and graphs to enhance clarity and understanding. Analyze and interpret your findings, comparing them with previous studies when available. Discuss the implications and significance of your results and relate them to the objectives stated in the introduction.7. Conclusion:Summarize the main findings of your research and highlight their implications. Discuss any limitations or constraints faced during the study and suggest areas for further research. The conclusion should be concise, clear, and well-supported by your results.8. References:Cite all the sources used in your manuscript accurately and consistently. Follow the IJRS's referencing style guide or use a standard referencing style such as APA, MLA, or Harvard.9. Proofreading and Revision:Before submitting your manuscript, thoroughly proofread it for errors in grammar, spelling, and punctuation. Revise the content to ensure it flows logically and consistently. Seek feedback from colleagues or mentors to improve the clarity and readability of your manuscript.10. Formatting and Submission:Finally, format your manuscript according to the IJRS guidelines. This includes font size and style, line spacing, citation format, and layout. Ensure that your manuscript meets the specified word limit and follows any additional instructions provided by the journal. Submit your manuscript through the designated online submission system, following the submission guidelines.Conclusion:Properly preparing your manuscript for submission to the International Journal of Remote Sensing plays a crucial role in increasing the likelihood of acceptance and publication. By following the step-by-step guidelines provided in this article, you can enhance the readability, clarity, and overall quality of your manuscript, increasing its chances of making a valuablecontribution to the field of remote sensing.。