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英汉翻译基础教程练习答案汉英翻译基础教程第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译 (2)第二章词法翻译的一般技巧 (4)第三章名词的抽象和具体译法 (9)第四章动词的翻译 (11)第五章数词和冠词的翻译 (12)第六章成语的英译 (13)第七章修辞格的翻译 (17)笫八章文化词语的翻译 (19)第九章汉英句子比较与翻译 (20)第十章换序和转态译法 (23)笫十一章断句合句译法 (25)笫十二章长句的翻译 (27)第十四章汉英语篇比较与翻译 (29)第十五章风格与翻译 (30)第十六章语用与翻译 (32)第一章汉英词汇比较与翻译第一节翻译中的选义一、结合语境选择较贴切的译文1. b2. a3. b4. a二、译出下列词语，注意词语的不同搭配1． a swarm of beesa brood of chickensa litter of pups2. a bevy of beautiful ladiesa pack of houndsa team of ducksa herd of antelopes3. unfailing supportproactive fiscal policymake effective use of overseas resources4. make a phone calltake a taxiknit a woolen sweaterfetch waterplay basketballspray insecticide5. basic wagecapital constructionessential commodityprimary industryfundamental interest三、翻译下列句子，注意画线词语的理解1. The two leaders exchanged views on bilateral relations and issues of common concern2. Party members should listen carefully to the opinions of the general public.3. They offered some suggestions for the revision of the plan.4. Everyone complained against such a practice.5. They had a dispute at the meeting.6. You should follow the doctor's advice.7. They reached a consensus on this issue.8. There is still some unfinished business to settle.9. We have consulted him about the matter.10. Please go back. There is nothing of your concern now第二节翻译中的选词一、翻译下列各句，注意词的选择和搭配。
《英汉翻译教程》第一章总论翻译是运用一种语言把另一种语言所表达的思维内容准确完整地重新表达出来的语言活动。
（张培基等1983）我国早期典籍《周礼·秋官司寇》篇里就有“象胥”（谓通言语之官）这一名目，唐朝贾公彦所作的《义疏》里提到“译即易，谓换易言语使相解也。
”这条注疏，关于翻译的定义，足以给人不少启发。
用现代文艺理论和语言理论，也许可以诠释为：翻译是把一种语言文字换易成另一种语言文字，而并不变更所蕴含的意义，——或用近年流行的术语说，并不变更所传递的信息，——以达到彼此沟通，互相了解的目的。
（罗新璋1984）一、关于翻译何谓翻译？关于翻译的定义很多。
根据《现代汉语词典》，翻译是“把一种语言文字的意义用另一种语言文字表达出来”。
根据《剑桥语言百科全书》，“翻译”这个中性术语是指将一种语言（“原语”）里的词句的意思转变为另一种语言（“目的语”）的意思所做的一切，不论其手段是说话、写字还是做手势。
美国著名翻译理论家奈达认为，所谓翻译，是指从语义到语体在译语中用最切近而又最自然的对等语再现原语的信息。
（《奈达论翻译》，1984）有人把翻译看作是一门科学（science），因为它有自身的规律可循；有人看作是一门艺术（art），因为它是译者对原文再创造的过程；也有人看作是一门手艺（craft），因为原语的信息需要用地道恰当的目的语再现。
在自动化数据处理中，翻译又被定义为：“将计算机信息从一种语言转换成另一种语言，或将字符从一种表示转换成另一种表示。
”（《现代科学技术词典》上海科学技术出版社1980）凡此种种，不一而足。
但是，在经济和文化日益全球化的今天，翻译的重要性是有目共睹的。
翻译是国际间理解的钥匙，据说西欧的文明归功于翻译者（据L·G·凯里1979）。
季羡林教授也说，翻译是永葆中华文明青春的万应灵药。
前中国驻联合国代表凌青先生说，从中国来讲，没有翻译工作，就没有中国***和中国近代的革命运动，就没有中国成功的对外开放和四个现代化；从世界范围来讲，没有翻译，就没有世界和平，就没有各种国际交往，就没有一个共同繁荣的美好世界的未来。
新编汉英翻译教程答案新编汉英翻译教程答案【篇一：(新编汉英翻译教程第二版)第二章汉英翻译基础知识】xt>1.探春笑道：“只恐又是你的杜撰。
”宝玉笑道：“除《四书》外，杜撰的太多，偏只我是杜撰不成?”“youre making that up, im afraid,” teased tan chun. “most works, apart from the four books, are made up; am i the only one who made things up?” he retorted with a grin.2.贾母笑道：“你不认得他，他是我们这里有名的一个泼皮破落户儿，南省俗谓作‘辣子’，你只叫他‘凤辣子’就是了。
”“you dont know her, ”said grandmother jia merrily. “shes aholy terror this one. what we used to call in nanking a‘peppercorn’. you just call her ‘peppercorn feng’. shell know who you mean!” (david hawkes 译)3.贾母笑道：“外客未见，就脱了衣裳，还不去见你妹妹!” witha smile at pao-yu, the lady dowager s colded, “fancy changing your clothes before greeting our visitor. hurry up now and pay your respects to your cousin.”4.贾母笑道：“可又是胡说，你又何曾见过他?”“youre talking nonsense again,” said his grandmother, laughing. “how could you possibly have met her?”5.他是只狡猾的老狐狸。
英汉翻译教程张培基第一讲翻译原则简介一、教学目的:了解基本的翻译原则和翻译研究的问题二、教学过程：1．翻译的定义和内涵：（Definition and Connotation）Translation is an art/ science/craf2.中国几位翻译家的理论（influential translation principles）严复：信达雅-—- faithfulness/expressiveness/elegance。
The “three character guide" is regarded as a plumb—line of long standing to measure the professional level of translating.傅雷：神似--—spiritual conformity。
Emphasizing the reproduction of the spirit of the flavor of the original。
强调原作神韵再现。
钱钟书：化境--—sublimed adaptation. Focus on the translator’s smooth and idiomatic Chinese version for the sake of the Chinese reader.刘重德：信、达、切-——faithfulness/expressiveness/closeness.3．中国翻译史上的论争:鲁迅：宁信而不顺-—-rather to be faithful than smooth。
目的：引入英文句式的表达法梁实秋、赵景深:宁顺而不信--—rather to be smooth than faithful 目的：可读性强，便于交流.4．直译与意译:直译—--literal translation意译：free translation直译的例子：crocodile tears鳄鱼的眼泪; armed to the teeth武装到牙齿； chain reaction连锁反应；gentlemen's agreement君子协定； one country, two systems 一国两制；The three religions and the nine schools of thought 三教九流；paper tiger 纸老虎; Breath one’s last——-断气； go to one’s external rest——-安息； the long sleep——-长眠；see Marx 见马克思; Go west 上西天; go to heaven 上天堂； blow out the candles 吹灯拔蜡kick the bucket 蹬腿：直译不等于死译（dead translation）:街道妇女应动员起来打扫卫生：Women in the street should be called on to do some cleaning.“In the street" should be replaced by “in the community”.她一大早起床，进城，见到了她的公爹:She got up early, went to the town and saw her public father。
实用基础教程汉译英教程：本教程旨在帮助学习者掌握汉译英的基本技巧和策略，提高英语表达能力。
我们将通过讲解常用词汇和句型，分析翻译实例，并提供练习题，帮助学习者在实际操作中提高翻译能力。
English Translation Tutorial:This tutorial aims to help learners master the basic techniques and strategies of English translation, and improve their English expression skills. We will explain commonly used vocabulary and sentence patterns, analyze translation examples, and provide practice exercises to help learners improve their translation abilities in practical situations.翻译实践汉译英实践：将一段中文文本翻译成英语。
我们将提供一段简单的中文文本，学习者可以根据教程中的技巧和策略进行翻译，并在完成后与参考译文进行对比，找出自己的不足之处。
English Practice Translation:English-Chinese Translation Practice: Provide a simple Chinese text and learners can translate it into English according to the techniques and strategies taught in the tutorial. After completing the translation, they can compare their translation with the reference translation to identify areas for improvement.英译汉实践：将一段英语文本翻译成中文。
《汉英翻译教程》第一章词的选择词义的正确选择首先取决于对原文的确切理解，而对原文词义的确切理解又取决于对原文上下文的推敲。
有些词看起来很简单，翻译时一下子就会想到常用的对应词。
但又是最常用的对应词却不能准确地表达原作的意思。
例如：还要努力读一点历史和小说。
We should also find time to read some history books and novels.这里“努力”一词理解为“挤出时间”是对的，如译为make an effort，则会使人误解为我们文化水平低，读历史和小说很费力。
再比如“水平”一词译成英语，不一定都是level, 要根据句子的含义确定译法。
1．他的英语水平比我的高。
He knows more English than I.这里，汉语“水平”一词虽未译出，但其以已含在句子中。
若照汉语字面应译成：The level of his English is higher than that of mine.就不符合英语表达习惯。
2．要奋发图强，把我军的军政素质提高到一个新的水平……。
We must work hard to raise to a new height the military and politicalquality of our army…….这里“水平”指高度，故译作height，和动词搭配也比较顺。
3．各级领导干部必须提高领导水平。
Cadres at all levels should improve their art of leadership.这里的“领导水平”，实际上指领导能力、领导艺术、故译作art of leadership. 以上的例子说明一个词的具体含义往往要结合上下文才能确定，在翻译的时候也只有结合上下文来考虑怎样处理这个词，才能译得准确。
因此在辨析词义和正确选词时可注意下列几种情况。
（一）注意词的广义与狭义英语中有不少同义词的词义有广、狭之区别，运用范围也就各不相同。
汉英翻译教程1、你不知道，金八这家伙背景复杂，不大讲面子。
（曹禺《日出》）Don’t you realize that this fellow jin has all kinds of dubiousconnections and that he’s no great respecter of persons?2、他从不喝酒。
He never touches wine.3、这小子干活真冲。
This young fellow does his work with vim and vigour.4、他把他的全部书籍都献给了图书馆。
He presented all his books to library.请比较：A：教师应当献身于教育事业。
A teacher should devote himself to the cause of education.B: 谨以本书献给许教授以表达敬慕和感激之情。
To prof. Xu I dedicate this volume in token of affection and gratitude.5、虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。
Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.6、天已经相当晚了，我们决定在那座庙里过夜。
As it was getting quite dark, we decided to stop at the temple for the night.7、三个臭皮匠，合成一个诸葛亮。
Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge liang the master mind.8、在党的领导下，中国人民已经完成了解放事业。
Under the leadership of the Party, the Chinese people have succeeded in their9、前怕龙后怕虎的态度不能造就干部。
“Fearing dragons ahead and tigers behind” will not produce cadres.10、我们党结束了那个时期的社会动荡和纷扰不安的局面。
Our Party has put an end to the social unrest and up heaval of that time.11、朱延年用热情的款待把他的窘态遮盖过去。
（周而复《上海的早晨》）Zhu Yannian covered up his embarrassment with the enthusiasm of his hospitality.12、这种人闹什么东西呢？闹名誉，闹地位，闹出风头。
（《毛泽东选集》三卷，779页）What are these people after? They are after fame and position and want to be in the limelight.13、他的讲演给听众的印象深刻。
His speech impressed the audience deeply.14、大部分学生对老师态度很恭敬。
Most students behaved respectfully towards their teacher.15、该厂的产品的主要特点是工艺精湛，经久耐用。
The products of this factory are chiefly character rized by their fine workmanship and durability16、她在最后一幕里占了突出的地位。
She figures prominently in the last act.17、凤姐欲问时，只听二门上传出云板，连扣四下，讲凤姐惊醒。
（曹雪芹《红楼梦》）Before Xifeng could ask more she was woken with a start by four blows on the chimebar at the second gate.18、有些问题还需要澄清。
Certain questions have yet to be clarified.19、这个问题正在研究。
The problem is now being studied.20、黄鼠狼给鸡拜年，不怀好心。
（反说：译文可反说，也可正说）The weasel goes to pay respects to hen not with the best of intentions.21、油漆未干Wet paint22、在他还没来得及阻拦我之前，我已经跑出教室。
Before he could stop me, I had rusher out of the classroom.23、在收据尚未签字以前不得付款。
Before the receipt has been signed, the money must not be paid. 24、俗话说，‘男儿有泪不轻弹，皆因未到伤心处’嘛。
（周克芹《许茂和他的女儿们》）As the saying goes, “Men only weep when deeply hurt.”此句也可按反说译出为：As the saying goes, “Men never weep unless and until deeply hurt.”25、知己知彼，百战不殆。
Know the enemy and know yourself, and you can fight a hundred battles with no danger of defeat.26、不经一事，不长一智。
You can’t gain knowledge without practice. Wisdom comes from experience.27、没有调查研究就没有发言权，我们取消了他（陈独秀）的发言权。
（《毛泽东选集》四卷，1073页）He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak, and accordingly we deprived Chen Duxiu oh that right.28、他到了车站发现火车已经开走了。
Arriving at the station, he found that the train had left.29、她已经洗完了衣服，坐在小溪边的石头上撩起布衫揩脸上的汗水。
She hah already finished washing. Seated on a stone beside thestream, she wiped her perspiring face with her tunic.30、虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。
Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.31、地震使所有的房子都成了废墟。
The earthquake reduced all the houses to ruins.32、报上批评这位作家没有真实的反映生活。
Newspapers criticized the author because he failed to present a true picture of life in his works.33、青年就是青年，不然，何必要搞青年团呢？（《毛泽东选集》五卷，86页）After all, Youth is youth, or else why should we bother to have a Youth League?34、中国人也好，外国人也好，死人也好，活人也好，对的就是对的，不对的就是不对的。
What is right is right and what is wrong is wrong, whether it concerns the Chinese or foreigners, whether it concerns the dead or the living.35、国家的统一，人民的团结，国内各民族的团结，这是我们事业必定胜利的基本保证。
（《毛泽东选集》五卷，363页）The unification of our country, the unity of our people and the unity of our various nationalities—these are the basic guaranteesfor the sure triumph of our cause.36、“蚌相持，渔人得利”，“螳螂捕蝉，黄雀在后”，这两个故事，是有道理的。
（《毛泽东选集》三卷，860页）“When the snipe and the clam grapple, it is the fisherman who profits”，“The mantis stalks the cicada, but behind them lurks the oriole”---there is truth in these two parables.36、能不能尽快的把科学技术搞上去，这是一个关系到社会主义建设的全局，关系到我们国家命运与前途的大问题。
Whether science and technology can be pushed forward as quickly as possible is a question of vital importance for socialist construction as a whole and for the destiny and future of our country.37、我半世的辛苦，全是替他们做牛马！（矛盾《子夜》）I’ve been slaving all these years just to make money for them. 38、太阳这么高了，大姑奶奶怎么还不露面？（老舍《正红旗下》）It’s so late now, why has n’t my niece shown up?39、还有一些人很骄傲，读了几句书，自以为了不起，尾巴翘到天上去了，可是一遇风浪，他们的立场，比起工人和到多数农民来，就显得大不相同了。
（《毛泽东选集》五卷，407页）Others are conceited; having picked up some book phrases, they think themselves terrific and are very cocky, but whenever a storm blows up, they take a stand very different from that of the worksand the great majority of the working peasants.40、一辆裸车轱辘轱辘地走过高低不平的车道。
