2020年高考英语新题型写作技巧四 定语从句和写作同义词总结

必过04 定语从句距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。

以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。

总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。

在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。

英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。

越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。

另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。

定语从句是高考的热点，主要考查关系代词和关系副词的正确运用，特别是它们在非限制性定语从句中的运用。

主要考点有：①关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句②关系副词where引导的定语从句（近三年来常考查先行词是表示抽象空间念的名词的情况)③介词+关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句;as引导的非限制性定语从句。

关系代词Each graduate standing on the playground, who was accompanied by a parent, would be awarded a diploma by the headmaster.每个毕业生都由父亲或母亲陪伴着站在操场上，等待校长给他们颁发毕业文凭。

My daughter, whose job requires her to do a lot of travelling, is always away from home.我的女儿总不在家，她的工作需要经常出差。

定语从句1. 定语从句的概念。

在句子中起定语作用的从句成为定语从句，定语从句在句子中的作用相当于形容词，所以又成为形容词性从句。

2. 定语从句的构成。

定语从句中，被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词；指代先行词，放在先行词和定 语从句之间起连接作用，同时又充当定语从句的某个成分的词叫关系词（又 分为关系代词和关系副词）。

3. 关系代词引导的定语从句。

关系代词在句中起连接、替代的作用，充当一定的成分，它的人称、数必须和先行词保持一直。

A. that 引导的定语从句that 既可以指人，也可以指物，指人时可与who, whom 互换；指物时可与which 互换。

that 在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语，作宾语时可以省略。

The city has tall buildings that are close to each other.注：that 作介词宾语时，介词不能提到that 之前；若介词提前，指人时用whom ，指物时用which 。

He is the person to whom you should write.B. which 引导的定语从句which 一般指物，在定语从句中作主语/宾语等。

在句中作主语时，which 不能省略；作宾语时，可以省略（放在介词后除外）。

C. who/whom 引导的定语从句两者都用于指人，who 在句中作主语/宾语/表语；whom 在句中作宾语。

作宾语时，who/whom 可以省略（放在介词后除外）。

注：定语从句中作宾语的关系代词whom 可以用who 来代替，但当whom 在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词提到whom 前面时，不能用who 代替。

The woman to whom I just talked is Mary. =The woman who/whom I just talked to is mary.注：先行词为one, ones, anyone, those 时，指人的关系代词用who ；双重定语从句中，当一个定语从句的关系代词是that 时，另一个人指人的关系代词也要用who 。

高考英语定语从句用法及注意事项一、关系代词引导的定语从句1、that指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语which指物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语（作宾语时可以省略）who指人在从句中作主语，宾语或表语whom指人在从句中作宾语whose指人或物在从句中作定语as指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语but指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语注意：指物时，whose+名词=the+名词+ofwhich或ofwhich+the+名词2、as的用法（1）常用于下列结构：such…as;so…as;thesame…as;as…as注意：thesame…as表示同一类，不同一个thesame…that表示同一个（2）as与which的区别a、位置不同as可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间；which只能放在主句后。

b、as起连接作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为“正如，正像”。

Which相当于并列句，可以用andthis来代替，意为“这一点，这件事’”。

注意：as常用于下列结构：asweknow/asisknowntoall,asweallcansee,ashasbeensaidbefore/above, asmightbeexcepted,asisoftenthecase,一般不能用which代替as。

c、在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。

二、只用that不用which的情况1、先行词为all,much,everything,nothing,something,anything,nothing,none,theo ne等不定代词时。

2、先行词被only,any,few,little,no,all,just,very,right等修饰时。

3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。

4、当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。

5、当先行词是数词时。

2020年高考英语写作新题型备考技巧专题（四）定语从句+写作同类词合集在写作中运用定语从句不仅可以显示考生较好的语言运用能力，更能为写作增添色彩。

所以考生一定要在平时练习时学会在书信应用文、概写和续写中尝试写定语从句，让作文整体显得漂亮和流畅。

一．用于书面表达中定语从句的类型1.关系代词引导的定语从句who，whom，whose，which，that，as等关系代词引导的定语从句在高考书面表达中屡见不鲜。

尤其以as和which引导的非限制性定语从句更是司空见惯。

①.I’m qualified with every extra work that you want me to do. (2019全国一卷书面表达)②.Last week, we took the foreign students in our school to experience the authentic tea culture,which turned out to be extremely rewarding. (2018北京高考书面表达)③.As is known, I will be a volunteer for the 13th National Games which will be held at the end ofAugust in Tianjin. (2017年天津高考书面表达)④.Any student who is interested is welcome to participate. (2016全国卷书面表达)2.关系副词引导的定语从句when，where，why关系副词引导的定语从句也可以在高考书面表达中找到很多例子。

在写这种类型的定语从句时，一定要注意关系词前面一些特殊的先行词，如：period，age，occasion，situation，case，point，reason等。

①.We are to meet on Sunday morning in the People’s Park, where the air is fresh and the scenery isbeautiful. (2017全国一卷书面表达)②.They found the dangerous situation, where three men circled the wolf. (2017浙江高考书面表达)③.I think the reason why you’re always angry may be the high pressure of study. (2014安徽高考书面表达)3.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句Material collecting took us a whole week, during which we interviewed our teachers and tookpictures of every aspect of our school life.二．定语从句的写法定语从句对于考生来说相对较难灵活运用，所以一定要在平时的写作训练中多加练习。

2020上海高考英语：概要写作同义替换及句式一、常用的词汇替换1.词义替换(1)名词①担忧:worry→concern②建议:suggestion→proposal③影响:influence→impact④目标:target→goal⑤难题:problem→issue⑥机会:chance→opportunity⑦垃圾:litter→rubbish, trash⑧发展:development→advance, progress⑨住所:house→shelter ⑩困难:difficulty→obstacle, barrier, challenge人:people→individual, person, human优势:advantage→merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength老人:old people→the aged, the elderly缺陷:disadvantage→drawback, downside, weakness干旱:with no rain at all→dr ought 方法:method→way, approach地区:district→zone, place, region, area 姿势:pose→gesture冒险:adventure→expedition 财富,财产:wealth→fortune, property 高速公路:expressway→freeway 居民:resident→citizen塞车:jam→congestion 原因:reason→factor(2)动词①减轻:ease→relieve②提倡:propose→advocate③讨厌:hate→dislike, be fed up with, bebored with④鼓励,激发:encourage→motivate, fuel⑤对……感兴趣:be interested in→becaught up in, be crazy about, be keen on,be fond of⑥阻止:prevent→stop⑦充分利用:make full use of→make themost/best of,take advantage of⑧相似:look like→resemble⑨完成:accomplish→achieve, finish⑩抵挡:stand up to→withstand, resist,oppose处理:deal with→handle采取措施:take action→take measures, take steps加速:speed up→accelerate出发去某地:set off for→head for, leave for经历:undergo→experien ce降低至:fall to→decline to, decrease to, drop to要求:request→demand, require消除:clear→eliminate, remove确保:ensure→assure, guarantee, makesure宣称:declare→claim给予:give→offer, provide, supply保持:keep→preserve, reserve, maintain 导致:lead to→cause, g ive rise to, resultin暴露:reveal→expose使:make→enable提高:improve→enhance改变:change→transform, alter与……联系:associate with→connect with建立:build→establish, set up得到:get→acquire, obtain拥有:have→possess, own感谢:thank→appreciate表达:express→conve y 解决:solve→cope with, deal with, resolve 帮助:help→assist, aid步行:walk→cover确信:make sure→ensure认为:think→claim, consider, believe, insist, hold损害:damage→hurt, injure, harm,impair, endanger保护:protect→conserve, preserve致力于:be devoted to→be com mittedto展示:show→reveal, illustrate, present 允许某人做某事:give sb. permission todo sth.→allow sb. to do sth.预订:book→reserve推迟:put off→delay转换:switch→convert, transform禁止:forbid→ban, prohibit 区分:tell sth./sb. apart→distinguish 由……构成:be made up of→becomposed of, consist of维持:sustain→support, maintain承担责任:shoulder/undertake one'sduty→be responsible for, takeresponsibility增加:be on the rise→increase, multiply 尽力做某事:do sth. to the best of one'sability→try one's best to do sth., spare no effort to do sth., make every effort to do sth.专心致志于:put one's heart into→be absorbed in, be bent on, be buried in(3)形容词①乏味的:boring→dull, tiresome②害怕的:afraid→frightened, scared③出名的:famous→notable, renowned ④显然的:obvious→apparent, evident, clear⑤严重的:severe→serious ⑥有益的:useful→helpful, beneficial, profitable, rewarding⑦新的:new→fresh, brand new, novel⑧粗鲁的:rude→impolite ⑨怀疑的:doubtful→skeptical,suspicious, incredulous⑩快速的:fast→speedy最便宜的:the least expensive→the cheapest许多:many→a sea of, an oce an of, abundant, numerous, considerable巨大的:big→enormous, vast, massive, tremendous聪明的:clever→smart, gifted, sharp-minded好的:good→fantastic, magnificent,outstanding, remarkable穷的:in poverty→poor, needy悲伤的:sad→depressed, frustrated重要的:importan t→significant, essential, critical, vital, crucial基本的:fundamental→basic, essential 神圣的:sacred→holy充足的;富裕;富有:rich in→plentiful, 少量的:a small number of→a handful ofample, generous, abundant主要的:primary→main合理的:reasonable→sensible, rational, sound勇敢的:brave→fearless, bold,courageous开心的:happy→cheerful, delightful 艰难的:difficult→tough, challenging 有害的:harmful→damaging, ruinous 传统的:traditional→conventional 生气的:angry→annoyed, irritated最初的:initial→original 疲劳的:worn→tired, exhausted(4)副词①非常:very→extremely, intensely,extraordinarily②最后:finally→eventually, ultimately③起先:firstly→originally, initially ④大约:approximately→almost, about, around, nearly, roughly⑤肯定地:certainly→definitely, undoubtedly, obviously, apparently ⑥经常,总是:frequently→c onstantly, always⑦立刻:right now→immediately, shortly, right away ⑧事实上:as a matter of fact→practically, in practice, in reality, in effect, in fact⑨平稳地:steadily→smoothly ⑩决不,从不:never→on no account, at no time, under no circumstances偶尔,有时:now and then→at times,occasionally很少:rarely→seldom每天:day in and day out→every day 缓慢地,轻微地:slightly→slowly, mildly 仅仅:only→merely 完全地:totally→absolutely, completely 目前:at present→nowadays, recently 急剧地:dramatically→sharply, steeply(5)其他替换①我认为:in my opini on→personally,from my perspective②关于:with regard to→as for③虽然:despite/regardless the factthat→although④同时:at the same time→meanwhile⑤同时:at the same time→in the meantime ⑥因为:on account of the fact that→because⑦对比:on the other hand→by contrast, on the contrary ⑧此外:in addition→besides, furthermore, moreover2.词性转换①追求:pursue v.→pursuit n.②受伤:injure v.→injured adj.受伤的→injury n.受伤③重要的:important adj.→be ofimportance n.④受欢迎:popular adj.→popularity n.⑤强调:put an emphasis onn.→emphasize v.⑥更喜欢:pre fer v.→preference n.⑦讨论:have a discussion of n.→discussv.⑧缺乏:a lack of n.→lack v.⑨比较:comparison n.→compare v.⑩倾向于:have a tendency to do n.→tend to do v.需要:have a need for n.→need v.调查:conduct an investigation n.→investigate v.决定:make a decis ion n.→decide v.解释:give an explanation of n.→explain v.创造性:creativity n.→creative adj.各种不同的:a variety of n.→various adj.评估:assess v.→assessment n.指派,布置作业:assign v.→assignment n.方便:convenience n.→convenient adj.辨别:distinguish v.→distinguish ed adj.突出的评估:evaluate v.→evaluation n.使烦恼:annoy v.→annoying adj.令人烦恼的→annoyance n.烦恼二、常用的写作句式(一) 提出建议的句型I suggest that… Why not do…? Why don’t you do…?You would better do/ not do… If I were you，I would……It seems to me that you could…… You may consider doing…I feel that it would be beneficial if… You may consider doing…I think it would be more beneficial if you could……As you may agree that I would like to suggest that…(二) 结尾常用格式I hope that my suggestions are helpful for your decision-making anyway.I would be more than happy to see improvement in this regard.I believe that you will take my suggestions into serious account.I would be ready to discuss about this matter with you to further details.Whatever you decide to do，good luck with your studies/work！(三) 连接词1.Firstly：previously, initially, foremost(adv,第一adj.最重要的)2.Generally: principally, mainly, basically, fundamentally,3.Then：subsequently（随后陆续的）, afterward（时间上的）, thereafter（逻辑上的）, secondarily, furthermorestly：ultimately, eventually, in conclusion, as a final point, last but not least,5.Too: in addition, besides, moreover, additionally6.And: plus, as well as, along with, in addition7.Or: otherwise, if not, before, or else8.So (adv): therefore, thus, consequently, accordingly,9.Because: as, due to, since, as to, in that, for the reason that, for, now that10.But: however, moreover, nevertheless, nonetheless, on the contrary, even if, while, despite the fact that11.Only: just, merely, barely, singly, solely, rarely12.Very: extremely, acutely, decidedly, deeply, exceedingly, greatly, highly,13. Actually: as a matter of fact, indeed, literally, truly14. Important: essential, significant, vital, crucial, profound, play a pushing, requisite, critical, fundamental, primary, elementary, underlying, rudimentary, basically, necessary…EXAMPLE:（1）A is important to B.（2）A plays an/a important role to B（3）A is of (great\enormous\significant\awesome) to B.（4）A means (a lot\a great deal\much) to B.（5）The importance of A (to B) can never be （denied\ignored\doubted).（6）Nothing is more crucial to B than A.（7）A is to B what the foundation is to a skyscraper.15.difficult: demanding(劳神费力的),laborious（艰苦的）,formidable（艰巨的）16.many: numerous, myriad, infinite,quantities of a (large) number of / (large) numbers of + 可数名词复数plenty of +可数名词复数/不可数名词 a good/great many + 可数名词复a large/huge amount of / large amounts of + 不可数many a + 可数名词单数Small: minimum, diminutive, minute, petite, wee, undersized, teeny, tiny,17.little：petite（女子身高娇小）18.bad: adverse(不利的), negative19.good: excellent, outstanding, extraordinary, remarkable20.Big: massive, enormous, tremendous, giant, vast, large, huge, bulky,21.boring; dull, tiresome, tedious(乏味的)ep: He that can read and meditate will not find his evenings long or life tedious.22.worried: anxious, apprehensive, fraught23.sad: depressed(无望的，失落的) ；gloomy(情绪低落的)ep: She felt very depressed about the future.ep: They found him in gloomy, downbeat mood.24.frustrated(沮丧的)ep: Both sides appeared very frustrated at the lack of progress.25.famous: renownedep: The region is renowned for its outstanding natural beauty.26.notable：noticeableep: The book stands out as one of the notable landmarks in the progress of modern science.)27.abundant: ample, plentiful, generous28.different: various, a variety of, diversemon: universal, pervasive(普遍的,普通的)30.doubted: skeptical, suspicious(怀疑的)ep: Most organizations are, quite understandably, suspicious of new ideas.31.interesting: amusing, entertaining, engaging32.brave: courageous, bold, fearless33.reasonable: sound, rational, sensible34.poor=needy35.rich=wealthy36.Without：excluding。

定语从句知识点总结详细一、定语从句的概念定语从句是一种对名词起修饰或限制作用的从句，它通常由关系词引导，用来进一步说明先行词的情况、属性或特征。

在句子中充当形容词，对名词进行修饰。

二、定语从句的用法1. 修饰名词定语从句通常用来修饰名词，对名词进行进一步的解释或者描述。

例如：The book that you recommended is very interesting.（你推荐的那本书非常有趣。

）2. 限制名词定语从句还可以作为限制性定语从句，用来对名词进行限定。

例如：I want to buy the pen which is on the table.（我想买桌子上的那支笔。

）三、定语从句的结构定语从句通常由关系代词或者关系副词引导，加上从句。

关系代词包括that, which, who, whom, whose等，关系副词有when, where, why等。

从句的结构可以是主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句等。

1. 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句通常用来修饰人或物，其结构如下：that（指人或物）which（指物）who（指人）whom（指人）whose（表所有关系）2. 关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词引导的定语从句通常用来修饰时间、地点、原因等，其结构如下：when（指时间）where（指地点）why（指原因）四、定语从句的关键词1. thatthat通常用来指代人或物，可以用来引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，常用于口语和书面语中。

例如：The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.（我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。

）2. whichwhich通常用来指代物，可以用来引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，常用于口语和书面语中。

例如：I like the dress which you are wearing.（我喜欢你穿的那条裙子。

2020 年高考英语写作新题型备考技巧专题（五）名词性从句+写作过渡词总结名词性从句，和定语从句和状语从句一样，是高中阶段句法的三座大山之一。

在书面表达中灵活运用名词性从句，能够使文章表达更为高级。

它主要包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

一．名词性从句的连接词1.从属连词引导的名词性从句that, whether, if 为名词性从句中的从属连词，它们在句中只起连接作用，不充当成分。

①. I trust that I am capable of doing the work well. (2019 全国一卷书面表达)②. There is no doubt that there is not any problem for me to communicate with foreigners. (2018 年浙江高考书面表达)③. To start with, what I intend to stress is that we are about to start our next lesson in Classroom 8of the teaching building. (2017 全国一卷书面表达)2.连接代词引导的名词性从句what, which, who, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever 等名词性从句的连接代词不仅在从句中起连接作用，还要充当主语、宾语、表语、定语。

①.This is precisely what the British visitors are expecting. (2019 年浙江高考书面表达)②.What made Yue Fei most respectable was that he didn’t give up fighting for his nation even whenhe was wronged by some. (2016 北京高考书面表达)3.连接副词引导的名词性从句how, when, why, where, however, whenever, wherever 等连接副词在名词性从句中不仅起连接作用，也充当状语。

法宝05 定语从句距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。

以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。

总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。

在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。

英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。

越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。

另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。

目录一............... 考点汇总二............... 知识梳理三............... 真题回顾四............... 名校模拟题I. 定语从句起形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。

被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。

Ⅱ. as与which的区别：Ⅲ. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：一、考点聚焦1、功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语2、位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please.3、先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词（1）先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing的合成词；或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。

2020;2020年高考英语语法复习——定语从句一、基本概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

如：Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now?That is the house where he lived ten years ago.注意：（1）定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；（2）定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导，关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作从句中的一个成分。

（3）★引导定语从句的关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose，as ★关系副词有：when, where, why.二、关系词的用法：（一）关系代词的用法：关系代词引导的定语从句, 关系代词引导定语从句时，可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等句子成分。

This is the detective who came from London.The book which／that I am reading is written by Thomas Hardy.The desk whose leg is broken is very old.This is the room that／which Shakespeare was born in.注：在非正式文体中，用于指人的关系代词who whom, that 通常可以省略，但在正式文体中通常用whom, 不可省略；用于指物的关系代词which和that 在非正式文体中也通常省略，但在正式文体中一般不省略。

1．★作定语用whose =the+ n+ of of which=of which the + n(a) He is the man whose car was stolen last week.(b) It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time. 注意：“介词 + whose +名词”引导定语从句。

英语定语从句用法总结（完整）[编辑本段]定语从句及相关术语1.定语从句：定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。

2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。

关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等，绝对没有WHAT；关系副词有where, w hen, why等。

关系词常有3个作用：①连接作用，引导定语从句。

②代替主句中的先行词，甚至可能是主句中的一部分或者整个主句。

③在定语从句中充当一句子成分。

注：关系代词有主语、宾语之分。

一般whom作为宾语。

3.定语：定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语（动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语）或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。

主要由形容词担任，此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任。

单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。

短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。

4、先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。

[编辑本段]关系代词引导的定语从句举例关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。

关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

1、who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，who做主语指人，whom作宾语指人，that既可作主语又可作宾语（作宾语可以省略），可以指人也可以指物。

在从句中所起作用如下：(1) Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的人吗？（wh o/that在从句中作主语）(2) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。

知识/经验丰富：be rich in knowledge/experience确立/追求目标：set/pursue a goal/higher standard到达目标：achieve/accomplish/stain the goal/aim/objective克服困难：overcome obstacles/difficulty面临危险/困难：be confronted/faced with/in the face of danger/difficulty阻碍了成功：stand in the way of success, be an obstacle/barrier to success/growth 阻碍了发展：hamper/impede/stunt the development of持传统的看法：hold conventional wisdom发表看法：voice/express one's opinion持相反/合理的观点：take the opposite/fresh view揭穿某种一贯的说法：shatter the myth of求得帮助：enlist one's support/help缩小差别：bridge/narrow/fill the gap/gulf (between city and country)把成功/错误归咎于：attribute/own the success/failure to对……重要：be indispensable/important/vital to施加压力：put/exert an academic pressure on重视：assign/attach much importance/significance to强调：place/put much emphasis/stress/value on把注意力集中在：focus/concentrate one's attention/efforts/thoughts upon提供机会/信息：provide/offer/furnish an opportunity/information for sb.抓住机会：grab/seize/take the opportunity得到机会：enjoy/gain access to a opportunity/information有可能：there is (little/much) possibility/likelihood that, chances/the odds are that 展开竞争：compete against/with sb. for the prize/position/control/the mastery of开展运动：conduct (carry on/undertake/initiate/launch/wage) a(vigorous/nation-wide/publicity/advertising) campaign (for/against)对我很有/没有什么意义：make much/little sense to me带来无穷的幸福/满足：be a source of happiness/ satisfaction/contentment/pride献身于：devote/dedicate/commit oneself to a cause/career大不（没什么）两样：make much(little/no) difference真正重要的是：what reall y matters/accounts is …改变生活旅程：change/alter the course of life建立在大量的学习/实践上：built on tremendous amount of study/practice进行调查/执行任务：conduct/carry out an study/task/experiment辞去工作/学习：leave/quit one's job/work/school参加考试/竞赛等：enter/take the examination/contest, race参加活动/讨论：take part/participate/be engaged in sports/activities/discussion影响思想/态度/事件的形成：shape one's thinking/attitude进入大学/社会/家庭/职业：enter a school/college/society /professionals实现自己的理想/愿望：realize/fulfill/achieve one's dream (hope/wish/desire)减轻压力/紧张：reduce/alleviate/relieve the stress/pressure/tension/strain提高社会地位：enhance/improve/upgrade social status/position提高技术/能力：sharpen (increase/improve/enhance/boost) one's skill/ability加快/促进发展：accelerate/facilitate/advance/enhance/boost the development of随着生活节奏的加快：with the quickening pace/rhythm/tempo of modern life/society开阔眼界/兴趣：broaden one's interest/outlook, expand (broaden/enlarge) one's mental horizons 有助于了解/发展/宣传/解决：contribute much/little/greatly/to a better understanding of/the popularity of/the growth of/the solution of有助于解决问题：go a long way to (towards) solving the problem迷恋名利/分数：be obsessed/preoccupied with grades/fame/fortune把时间花/浪费在：spend/waste time doing sth., put in hours doing sth.利用机会/技术：make (full/better) use of/take advantage of opportunity/time, tap/harness technology potential/skills/talent把知识/经验运用到…：apply/put the theory/knowledge/experience… to practice/daily life/good use取得进步：make much progress/strides/gains in充分发挥潜力/能力：develop one's ability/potential to the full, give full play to one's ability充满激情/渴望：have a burning desire/a great passion for连词篇Firstly: previously, beforehand, foremost, initially, originally, formerly, principally, mainly, essentially, basically, generally, commonly, universally, on the whole, fundamentally,to begin with, to start with, first of all, at the outset…Then: subsequently, afterward, thereafter, after that, secondarily, what ismore, furthermore (further more)…Lastly: ultimately, eventually, in conclusion, to conclude, as a final point, last of all, last but not least, finally…Too: as well (句末)也, in addition, besides, moreover, additionally, to boot, excessively, also…And: plus,as well as, along with, in addition, bonus, with…Or: otherwise, if not, before, or else…So (adv): therefore, thus, consequently, accordingly, as a result, for that reason, hence, that’s whyBecause: as, due to, since, as to, in that, for the reason that, for, now that…But:however, moreover, nevertheless, nonetheless, on the contrary, on the other hand, 让步although, even thought, though, even if, while, as, despite the fact that…Only: just, merely, barely, singly, solely, rarely…Without: excluding,Very: extremely, acutely, decidedly, deeply, exceedingly, greatly, highly, uncommonly, profoundly, unusually…Actually: as a matter of fact, indeed, in fact, in point of fact, in reality, in truth, literally, truly …形容词/副词Important: essential, significant, vital, crucial, profound, play a pushing role, indispensable, requisite, critical, fundamental, primary, elementary, underlying, rudimentary, basically, necessary…-附加-傻句替换：I think that A is more important than B. (以下句中的'important'可随意替换同义词）1. A is important to B.2. A plays an/a important role to B.3. A is of (great\enormous\significant\awesome) to B.4. B can not (live\developed\grow\survive\achieve) without A.5. A means (a lot\a great deal\much) to B.6. The importance of A (to B) can never be (exaggerated\denied\ignored\doubted).7. A is everything/the whole world to B.8. B is fundamental on A.9. A matters/counts to B.10. Nothing is more crucial to B than A.11. A is to B what the (foundation is to a skyscraper\water is to fish\the heart is to a human) Big: gigantic, massive, colossal, enormous, immense, gargantuan, tremendous, titanic, giant, vast, large, huge, monster, bulky,->many: numerous, myriad, infinite,->forever (adv): infinity, eternal, timeless, everlasting，undying, endless, changeless, perpetually…Small: minimum, diminutive, minute, petite, wee, undersized, teeny, tiny, little, petite（女子身高娇小）Good: marvelous, fabulous, gorgeous, spectacular, outstanding, distinguished, remarkable, superb, incredible, unbelievable, out of this world, magnificent, charming, stunning, fantastic, terrific, excellent, great, wonderful, amazing, awesomeBad: awful, terrible, dreadful, defective, faulty, imperfect, inadequate, poor, substandard, unsatisfactory, harmful, damaging, deleterious, detrimental, hurtful, ruinous, unhealthy, evil, immoral…Clever: brilliant, knowledgeable, intellectual, intelligent, excellent, bright, smartHappy: delightful, delectable, elated, glad, overjoyed, pleased, jubilant, merry, joyful, Beautiful: charming, charismatic, attractive, gorgeous, pretty, endearing, sweet, adorable, eye-catching, handsome, hot, cute, good-looking, lovable, engaging…Fast：swift, quick, rapid, speedy, hasty, nippy, like lightning,hurry (v): hustle, rush, make haste, tear, step on it, dash, get a move on, step on it, scoot.Easy: simple, effortless, no trouble, painless, plain sailing, uncomplicated, undemanding, unproblematic, a piece of cake (informal), child’s play (informal),…Clear: obvious, apparent, blatant, comprehensible, conspicuous, distinct, evident, manifest, palpable, plain, pronounced, recognizable, transparent, intelligible, lucid, plain, understandable, uninvolved, simple, …Direct: bald, basic, frank, naked, plain, sincere, stark, straightforward, candid, forthright, outspoken….Difficult: hard, tricky, complicated, complex, intricate, involved, knotty, perplexing, puzzling, thorny…Angry: annoyed, cross, displeased, enraged, exasperated, incensed, infuriated, irate, mad (informal), livid (informal), berserk, outraged, resentful...Dangerous: perilous, breakneck, chancy (informal), hazardous, insecure, precarious, risky, unsafe, vulnerable动词Think (that): hold the (opinion/ belief/ position/stand point/idea) that, assume, believe, deem, reckon, argue, maintain, suppose, conceive, insist, be convinced, to my knowledge, personally, from my personal perspective, as far as I am concerned, from my point of view, from my angle, consider, conceive, perspective...Show: convey, reveal, express, corroborate, justify, imply, verify, clarify, signify, exemplify, illuminate, substantiate, demonstrate, elucidate, denote, characterized as, instruct, display, disclose, indicate, means, explain, give an/a example (reason, explanation) of, bear out, point out, point toward…Know: realize, comprehend, identify, distinguish, discern, notice, perceive, recognize, see, understand, figure out, be acquainted with, be familiar with,Get: acquire, attain, acquire, achieve, obtain, gain, learnSuggest: have a proposal in,Increase: magnify, expand, proliferate, mushroom, improve, enhance, advance…Impress: affect, inspire, engrave on, imprint of,Influence: impact, affect, guide, sway,Stop: halt, cease, conclude, desist, end, pause, put an end to, quit, refrain, shut down, terminate…Mak e: create, assemble, built, construct, form, manufacture; fore, cause, compel, constrain, drive, impel, induce, oblige, prevail, upon, require…Give: present, award, contribute, deliver, donate, grant, hand over, hand out, provide, supply Break：separate, burst, crack, destroy, disintegrate, fracture, fragment, shatter, smash, snap Destroy: ruin, raze, annihilate, crush, demolish, devastate, eradicate, shatter, wipe out, wreck, obliterate, weaken, undermine…Happen: occur, come about, come to pass, develop, result, take place, transpire名词Problem: issue, question, case, trouble, difficulty, dilemma.Meeting: conference, discussion, assembly, conclave, congress, convention, gathering session, assignation, encounter, confrontation, argument, controversy…Study: learning, application, lessons, reading, research, school work, examination, analysis, consideration, contemplation, inspection, i nvestigation, knowledge,scholarship…Advantage: benefit, dominance, precedence, profit, superiority, merit…Disadvantage: shortcoming, weakness, inconvenience, drawback, deficiency, flaw, handicap, downside, limitation.六类从句句型归纳总结从句是相对于主句而言的，即它是从属于某一个主句，而不能单独作一个句子。

高考靠近仍为英语犯愁？这里有份连老外都点赞地定语从句技巧高考必胜在这个穷得只剩下梦的时候你一定要比别人更努力，概念在复合句中，修饰名词或代词地从句叫定语从句；引导定语从句地词叫关系词; 被修饰地名词或代词叫先行词；定语从句一般放在先行词地后面；二，引导词(1)关系代词：that/who/whom/which/as(2 )关系副词：when/where/why三，分类依据定语从句与先行词地关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句；1,限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不行省去；例如：Any man that / who has a sense of duty won ' t do such a thing.任何有责任感地人都不会做这样地事；2,非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整；例如：The house,which we bought last month,is very nice.这幢房子很美丽，为我们上个月买地.留意：非限定性定语从句中不能使用关系代词that ；.F 1> 尸A，G & A4ENGLISH >R b 卜 Q £ ° L♦四，关系代词地用法1,that:可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语；（指人时，相当于who 或whom;指物时，相当于which）（一般不用于非限制性定语从句；不行置于介词后作宾语）如：（1） A letter that/which is written in pencil is difficult to read.（主语）（2）Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now.（3）You can take anything （ that） you like.（宾语）（4）What is the question （that/which） they are talking about.（5）Here is the man （ who/whom/that ） you want to see.（6）She's no longer the girl （ that） she used to be before.（表语）（6）Our hometownis no longer the one （that） it used to be.= Our hometown is not the same as it used to be.= Our hometown is different from whatit used to be.= Our hometown is not what it used to be.2,which:指物;在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语；如：（1）The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.（主语）（2）2. The book （which/that） I bought yesterday is very interesting.（宾语）（3）The factory in which his father works is far from here.（4）He was proud, which his brother never was.（表语）（5）Tom spent four years in college, during which time he learnedFrench.（定语）（6）He may be late, in which case we ought to wait for him.3,who, whom, whose:who:主格，在从句中作主语，在口语或非正式用法中作宾语；只可指人whom:宾格，在从句中作宾语；只可指人whose:属格，在从句中作定语，可指人也可指物；（1）I like the students who/that work hard.（主语）（2）All who heard the story were amazed.（代词如he, they, any, those, all, one 等后多用who.）（3）Chaplin, for whom life had once been very hard, was a success as an actor.（宾语）（4）He's a man from whom we should learn. = He's a man （whom/who/that） we should learn from. -I比较: He is the student whom you think to be worthy of your praise.He is the student who you think is worth praising.（5） A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.（指人）I'd like a room whose window faces south.（指物）=I'd like a room of which the window faces south. =I'd like a roomthe window of which faces south.There is a teapot shaped like a Chinese duck, out of whose mouth tea is supposed to come关系代词作介词宾语：关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时，介词可放于从句之首，也可放于从句之末.但以放于句首较为正式.（介词前置，必需留意不影响动词词组地含义；关系代词who 与that用作介词宾语时，介词必需放在句末.）如：（6）This is the book for which you asked.=This is the book （that/which） you asked for.（2）Doyou knowthe person with whomI shook hands.= Doyou knowthe person（whom/who/that） I shook hands with. I（3）The beginning of agriculture was a big step in human progress with which nothing could compare until our information age. I（4）In the dark street, there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help.Is this the factory to which you paid a visit last week.Is this factory the one to which you paid a visit last week.（5）This is the girl whom they are looking after.（介词after 与look构成固定词组，不行前置；再如：look at, look for, look after, take care of等）4,as地用法:（as引导定语从句，在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语）（1）如为限制性地，多用于the same as ; the same as;such as ; as many/much as;so as 等结构中；如：I have the same book as you （have）. 我有一本与你地一样地书；Her attitude to him was quite the same as it had always been.（关系代词as与指示代词same连在从句中用作表语,先行词为same.）用，Why didn't you mention that in face of the police just now.I thought it was such a minor detail as was hardly worth mentioning.We will only discuss such problems as have something to do with our own interests.Don't do such things as you are not sure about.There is no such place as you dream of in all this world.比较:I live in the same house that he used to live in.I'm wearing the same shirt as you wore yesterday.比较：Here is so big a stone as no one can lift.（定语从句）Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it.（结果状语从句）（2）如为非限制性地，多单独引导一个定语从句，这种定语从句可置于句首，句中或句尾，译为"正如，这一点"；（动词常为know, see, expect, point out, etc.）As we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health . （as 作宾语）=As is known to all, smoking is harmful to one's health . （as 作主语）=It's knownto all that smoking is harmful to one's health. 或:Smoking is harmful to one's health , as we all know .（as 作宾语）或：Smoking, as we all know, is harmful to one' health. IHe was a foreigner, as I knew from his accent.（宾语,先行词为前面整个句子）5，but地用法：but用作关系代词，其意思相当于who/that not ,"没有不",如(1)There is not one of us but wishes to help you.(2)There is no tree but bears some fruit.(3)There are very few but admire his talents.五，关系副词地用法1,when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语；例如：This was the time when he arrived.这为他到达地时间；(when=at which)2,where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语；例如：This is the place where he works.这为他工作地地点；(where=at /in which)3,why指缘由，其先行词为缘由，起缘由状语作用；例如：Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到；(why=for which)。

定语从句的转换与替代定语从句是英语语法中一个重要的概念，它能够为我们提供更多的信息，使句子更加丰富和清晰。

然而，在写作中，我们有时候需要转换或替代定语从句，以使文章更加简洁和流畅。

本文将介绍定语从句的转换与替代方法，帮助读者在写作中灵活运用。

一、定语从句的转换1. 使用非限制性定语从句替代限制性定语从句定语从句分为限制性和非限制性两种。

限制性定语从句对其修饰词起到了限定的作用，不能省略，而非限制性定语从句只是对其修饰词进行进一步解释或补充，可以省略。

因此，当定语从句过长或过复杂时，可以将其转换成非限制性定语从句，以使句子更加简洁。

例：- The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.- The book, which I bought yesterday, is very interesting.2. 使用介词短语替代定语从句有时候，定语从句可以用一个介词短语进行替代，以简化句子结构。

例：- The girl who is sitting next to me is my sister.- The girl sitting next to me is my sister.3. 使用同位语从句替代定语从句当定语从句和其修饰词之间存在较长距离或信息过于冗长时，可以使用同位语从句进行替代。

例：- This is the company that my father works for.- This is the company my father works for.二、定语从句的替代1. 使用名词有时候，我们可以使用名词来替代定语从句，使句子更加简洁明了。

例：- The boy who won the basketball game is my friend.- The winner of the basketball game is my friend.2. 使用形容词在某些情况下，我们可以使用形容词来替代定语从句，以简化句子结构。