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神经组织一，最佳选择题1．尼氏体在超微结构上是A．滑面内质网B．粗面内质网C．线粒体D．溶酶体2．尼氏体分布在A．细胞体内和轴突内B．细胞体内和树突内C．树突内和轴突内D．细胞体内3．中枢内具有吞噬功能的神经胶质是A．少突胶质B．星形胶质C．小胶质D．室管膜细胞4．中枢神经内形成髓鞘的神经胶质是A．少突胶质B．星形胶质C．小胶质D．室管膜细胞5．肌梭的功能是A．调节肌肉收缩和舒张B．引发肌肉收缩C．感受肌肉纤维收缩和舒张D．引发肌肉舒张二，多项选择题1．突触可以位于A．神经元和神经元之间B．神经元和肌肉细胞之间C．神经元和上皮细胞之间D．神经元和神经胶质之间2．星形胶质的功能有A．绝缘B．营养神经元C．传递冲动D．吞噬3．轴突内有A．滑面内质网B．粗面内质网C．线粒体D．神经原纤维4．分布在皮肤内的神经末梢有A．游离神经末梢B．触觉小体C．环层小体D．肌梭5．环层小体可以位于A．表皮B．真皮C．皮下D．内脏三，填空题1．神经元细胞体内的特殊结构有和。
2．根据神经元突起的数量分类，可以分为和根据神经元的功能分类，可以分为和。
3．最常见的突触是和。
4．能够在中枢和周围神经系统内形成髓鞘的神经胶质分别是和。
5．有髓神经纤维由和三部分构成。
6．在感觉神经末梢中，感受温度的是感受触觉的是感受压觉的是感受骨骼肌伸缩的是。
7．血脑屏障的构成是和。
四，名词解释1．神经原纤维2．髓鞘3．运动终板五，问答题1．试述神经元的结构和功能2．说明化学性突触的超微结构和功能的联系。
精神科常见词汇上海交通大学医学院精品课程总论肉体病学psychiatry肉体阻碍mental disorder肉体安康mental health医学心思学medical psychology生物-心思-社会医学形式bio-psycho-social medical model行为医学behavior medicine心身医学psychosomatic medicine心身疾病psychosomatic diseases肉体病理学psychopathology觉得sensation觉得阻碍disorder of sensation觉得过敏hyperesthesia觉得减退hypoesthesia内理性不适〔体感异常〕senestopathia知觉perception知觉阻碍disturbance of perception错觉illusion幻觉hallucination幻听auditory hallucination幻视visual hallucination幻嗅olfactory hallucination幻味gustatory hallucination幻触tactile hallucination内脏幻觉visceral hallucination真性幻觉genuine hallucination假性幻觉pseudo-hallucination机能性幻觉functional hallucination反射性幻觉reflex hallucination入睡前幻觉hypnagogic hallucination心因性幻觉psychogenic hallucination感知综合阻碍psycho sensory disturbance视物变形症metamorphopsia视物显大症macropsia视物显小症micropsia思想thinking思想阻碍thinking disorder思想方式阻碍disorder of the thinking form思想奔逸flight of thought思想缓慢inhibition of thought思想贫乏poverty of thought思想散漫looseness of thought思想分裂splitting of thought词的杂拌word salad思危不连接incoherence of thought病理性赘述circumstantiality思想中缀blocking of thought思想拔出thought insertion强迫性思想forced thinking思想化声thought hearing思想分散diffusion of thought思想被广播thought broadcasting意味性思想symbolic thinking词语新作neologism逻辑倒错性思想paralogism thinking强迫观念obsessive idea思想内容阻碍妄想delusion原发妄想primary delusion继发妄想secondary delusion被害妄想delusion of persecution关系妄想delusion of reference物理影响妄想delusion of physical influence 夸张妄想grandiose delusion罪恶妄想delusion of guilty疑病妄想hypochondriacal delusion钟情妄想delusion of love妒忌妄想delusion of jealousy被洞悉感〔内心被揭露感〕experience of being revealed 超价观念overvalued idea留意attention留意阻碍disorder of attention留意增强hyperprosexia留意松散aprosexia留意减退hypoprosexia留意转移transference of attention留意狭窄narrowing of attention记忆memory记忆阻碍disorder of memory记忆增强hypermnesia记忆减退hypomnesia遗忘amnesia顺行性遗忘anterograde amnesia逆行性遗忘retrograde amnesia界限性遗忘circumscribed amnesia错构paramnesia虚拟confabulation智能intelligence肉体发育迟滞mental retardation聪慧dementia假性聪慧pseudodementia刚塞综合症Ganser syndrome童样聪慧puerilism抑郁性假性聪慧depressive pseudodementia 定向力orientation定向阻碍disorientation情感affect心情emotion心境mood情理性质改动情感高涨elation情感高涨depression焦虑anxiety恐惧phobia情感动摇性改动情感冷淡apathy易激惹性irritability情感不稳labile affect情感协调性改动情感倒错parathymia情感干练意志will意志阻碍disorder of will意志增强hyperbulia意志削弱hypobulia意志缺乏abulia优柔寡断hesitant肉体运动性兴奋psychomotor excitement 肉体运动性抑制psychomotor inhibition木僵stupor蜡样屈曲cerea flexibility缄默症mutism违拗症negativism自动性违拗active negativism主动性违拗passive negativism刻板举措stereotyped act模拟举措echopraxia作态mannerism看法阻碍嗜睡drowsiness看法混浊confusion昏睡sopor苏醒coma朦胧形状twilight state谵妄形状delirium梦样形状oneiroid state自知力insight面谈反省interview各论急性脑病综合症acute brain syndrome慢性脑病综合症chronic brain syndrome遗忘综合症amnesia syndrome柯萨可夫综合症Korsakov’s syndrome阿尔茨默病Alzheimer’s disease, AD早老性聪慧presenile dementia早发性聪慧dementia praecox老年斑senile plaque, SP神经元纤维缠结neurofibrillary tangles, NFT 血管性聪慧vascular dementia, VD多发性梗塞性聪慧multi-infarct dementia, MID 外伤性肉体混乱形状post-traumatic confusional state 脑外伤后遗忘post-traumatic amnesia, PTA 脑震荡综合症post-concussional syndrome自动症epileptic automatisms神游症fugue肉体分裂症schizophrenia妄想性阻碍delusional disorder心境阻碍mood disorder情理性肉体阻碍affective disorder双相阻碍bipolar disorder躁狂抑郁性肉体病manic depressive psychosis意念飘忽flight of idea谵妄性躁狂delirious mania抑郁性假性聪慧depressive pseudodementia环性心境阻碍cyclothymia恶劣心境阻碍disthymic disorder神经症neuroses看法consciousness前看法preconsciousness本我id自我ego超我superego惊慌发作panic attack焦虑症anxiety disorder恐惧症phobia抑郁depression强迫症状obsession and compulsion强迫观念obsessive idea强迫意向obsessive intention强迫行为compulsive behavior疑病症状hypochondriacal symptom疑病症hypochondriasis普遍性焦虑阻碍generalized anxiety symptom惊慌阻碍panic disorder场所恐惧症agoraphobia社交恐惧症social phobia单一恐惧症simple phobia躯体方式阻碍somatoform disorders躯体化阻碍somatization disorders慢性疲劳综合症chronic fatigue syndrome, CFS癔症hysteria应激stress良性应激eustress不良应激distress应激源stressor全身顺应综合症general adaptation syndrome, GAS创伤后应激阻碍post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD顺应阻碍adjustment disorder心思要素相关阻碍physiological disorder related to psychological factors 进食阻碍eating disorder神经性厌食anorexia nervosa神经性贪食bulimia nervosa失眠症insomnia嗜睡症hypersomnia睡行症sleep walking disorder夜惊sleep terror梦魇nightmare性功用阻碍sexual dysfunctional性欲减退sexual hypoactivity阳萎impotence冷阴female failure of genital response性乐高潮阻碍orgasm disorder早泄premature ejaculation阴道痉挛vaginismus性交疼痛dyspareunia人格阻碍personality disorder偏执性人格阻碍paranoid personality disorder分裂性人格阻碍schizoid personality disorder反社会性人格阻碍antisocial personality disorder激动性人格阻碍impulsive personality disorder扮演性人格阻碍histrionic personality disorder强迫性人格阻碍obsessive-compulsive personality disorder焦虑性人格阻碍anxious personality disorder性心思阻碍sexual deviatin易性症transsexualism恋物癖fetishism异装癖transvestism露阴癖exhibitionism窥阴癖voyeurism摩擦癖frotteurism性施虐癖sadism性受虐癖masochism异性恋homosexuality自杀suicide自杀意念suicide idea自杀未遂attempted suicide自杀死亡committed suicide类自杀parasuicide蓄意自伤deliberate self-harm自杀姿态suicide gesture危机干预crisis intervention肉体发育迟滞mental retardation智商intelligence quotient, IQ儿童孤独症childhood autism留意缺陷与多动阻碍attention deficit and hyperactive disorder, ADHD 品行阻碍conduct disorder抽动阻碍tic disorder躯体治疗somatotherapy肉体药物psychotropic drugs神经阻滞剂neuroleptics抗肉体病药物antipsychotics抗抑郁药物antidepressants心境动摇剂mood stabilizers抗躁狂药物antimanic drugs抗焦虑药物anxiolytic drugs肉体振奋药物psychostimulants脑代谢药物nootropic drugs急性肌张力阻碍acute distonia静坐不能akathisia类帕金森症Parkinsonism迟发性运动阻碍tardive dyskinesia, TD恶性综合症malignant syndrome电抽搐治疗electric convulsive therapy, ECT 电休克治疗electrical shock therapy心思治疗psychotherapy一般治疗individual therapy夫妻治疗couple therapy家庭治疗family therapy团体治疗group therapy肉体剖析治疗psychoanalytic therapy心思动力学治疗psychodynamic therapy短程治疗brief therapy行为-认知治疗behavioral-cognitive therapy人本主义治疗humanistic therapy系统治疗systemic therapy依从性compliance抚慰剂效应placebo effect治疗关系therapeutic relation暗示suggestion。
