陶氏超滤产品技术手册.pdf

陶氏反渗透和纳滤膜技术手册2016版陶氏FILMTEC反渗透和纳滤膜技术手册2016版总目录第1 部分公司简介1-1 陶氏化学公司概况 (1)1-2 陶氏化学水处理事业部简介 (2)1-3 陶氏全资子公司美国FilmTec 公司简介 (4)第2 部分陶氏FILMTEC TM 产品特点和性能规范2-1 陶氏FILMTEC?膜片介绍 (5)2-2 陶氏FILMTEC?膜元件简介 (8)2-3 陶氏FILMTEC?系列产品命名一览表 (10)2-4 陶氏FILMT EC?反渗透和纳滤膜元件选型2-4.1 陶氏FILMTEC?膜元件的用途 (11)2-4.2 陶氏FILMTEC?系列反渗透元件根据进水含盐量的选型指南(11)2-4.3 陶氏FILMTEC?系列商用反渗透元件选型指南 (12)2-4.4 陶氏FILMTEC?八英寸系列苦咸水反渗透元件选型指南 (12) 2-4.5 陶氏FILMTEC?八英寸系列海水反渗透元件选型指南 (13) 2-4.6 陶氏FILMTEC?八英寸系列纳滤元件选型指南 (13)2-4.7 陶氏FILMTEC?系列船用海水反渗透元件选型指南 (14)2-4.8 陶氏FILMTEC?小型反渗透元件尺寸选择考虑 (14)2-4.9 选用反渗透和纳滤设备时需要考虑些什么？ (15)2-4.10 陶氏FilmTec 的解决方案–应该认真考虑的膜元件特性 (19) 2-4.11 陶氏FilmTec 的解决方案–膜元件不作氧化性后处理 (21) 2-4.12 陶氏FilmTec 的解决方案–选用高有效面积膜元件降低投资和运行费用 (23)2-4.13 陶氏苦咸水系列产品概述 (24)2-4.14 陶氏海水淡化系列产品选用比较 (29)2-5 陶氏FILMTEC?膜元件选用情况汇报2-5.1 陶氏膜元件应用业绩概况 (33)2-5.2 陶氏抗污染膜元件应用业绩简介 (34)2-5.3 陶氏海水淡化膜元件应用业绩简介 (35)2-6 陶氏FILMTEC?家用膜元件陶氏高性能家用膜元件TW30-1812-24 TW30-1812-36 TW30-1812-50 TW30-1812-75 ..............................37陶氏高产水量家用膜元件TW30-1812-100 .............................................................................................................39TM陶氏化学公司或其附属公司的商标目录-22-7 陶氏FILMTEC?商用膜元件陶氏胶带缠绕2540 商用反渗透元件XLE-2540 LP-2540 TW30-2540 ................................................................................41陶氏胶带缠绕四英寸商用反渗透元件XLE-4040 LP-4040 TW30-4040 ................................................................................43陶氏XLE 极低能耗商用反渗透元件XLE-2521 XLE-2540 XLE-4021 XLE-4040 ..............................................................45陶氏LP 超低压商用反渗透元件LP-2540LP-4040 (47)陶氏BW30HR LE 超低压高脱盐率四英寸商用反渗透元件BW30HRLE-4040 (49)陶氏TW 胶带缠绕标准自来水反渗透元件TW30-4014 TW30-4021 TW30-4040 ........................................................................51陶氏BW 玻璃钢缠绕标准苦咸水反渗透元件BW30-4040 BW30-2540 BW30LE-4040 ...................................................................532-8 陶氏FILMTEC?八英寸工业用苦咸水反渗透元件标准型反渗透元件。

Dow Water & Process SolutionsIntegraPac™ Module andSkid Product ManualVersion 1May 2013This manual is confidential. It is the property of Dow Water & Process Solutions. The contents may not be reproduced, transferred or released to any third party without the written permission of Dow Water & Process Solutions.Table of Contents1. Introduction (1)2. Description of DOW™IntegraPac™ Ultrafiltration Module (2)2.1 IntegraPac™ Module and Skid Features (2)2.2 IntegraPac™ Module and Skid Specifications (5)2.3 IntegraPac™ Module and Skid Installation (8)3. Shipping and Storage (9)4. DOW IntegraPac™ Ultrafiltration Process Description (11)4.1 Process Operations (11)4.2 Pretreatment (16)4.3 Cleaning (17)Summary of Information (17)4.4 Fouling (17)5. Operating Information (18)5.1 Start Up (18)Pre-start checks (18)Start Up (18)Module rinsing (19)5.2 Integrity Testing procedures (19)Pressure hold/decay (19)Visual inspection test (19)5.3 Shut Down (20)Manual shut down (20)Equipment shut down during automatic operation (20)5.4 Operating and Cleaning Logs (20)ReferencesFigure 1: Material Size and Membrane Process Guide (1)Figure 2: Wall Cross Section of the Hollow Fiber (2)Figure 3: IntegraPac TM Module Photograph (3)Figure 4: IntegraPac™ Skid Components (4)Figure 5: Module Reference for Dimensions (5)Figure 6: IntegraPac™ Skid Reference for Dimensions (7)Figure 7: Installation™ Drawing of Module (8)Figure 8: Pallet of IntegraPac™ Modules for Shipping (9)Figure 9: Filtration Step for DOW UF Modules (12)Figure 10: Air Scour Step for DOW UF Modules (12)Figure 11: Air Scour Drain for DOW UF Modules (13)Figure 12: Top Backwash Step for DOW UF Modules (13)Figure 13: Bottom Backwash Step for DOW UF Modules (14)Figure 14: Forward Flush Step for DOW UF Modules (14)Figure 15: Chemically Enhanced Backwash "Top" Step for DOW UF Modules (15)Figure 16: Chemically Enhanced Backwash "Bottom" step for DOW UF Modules (15)Figure 17: Clean in Place Cleaning Step for DOW UF Modules (16)Figure 18: Pressure Hold Test Schematic (20)TablesTable 1: IntegraPac TM Module Connections (5)Table 2: IntegraPac™ Module Dimensions and Specifications (5)Table 3: IntegraPac™ IP-51 and IP-77 Skid Details (6)Table 4: Glycerin addition for Freezing Point Depression (11)Table 5: DOW Ultrafiltration IntegraPac™ Modules and Skids Operating Conditions (11)Table 6: Qualified Feed Water Quality Parameters (17)Table 7: Summary of Cleaning Processes (17)DOW™ IntegraPac TM Ultrafiltration Module and Skid Product Manual1. IntroductionUltrafiltration (UF) involves pressure-driven separation of materials from a feed solution. The technology achieves separation through sieving and is used to remove particulate and microbial contaminants, but does not remove ions or molecules of low molecular weight. The process typically operates with a feed pressure of 4 to 100 psig (0.28 to 6.9 bar). UF plants are automated and have low operational labor requirements. Depending on the feed water quality, these systems can require frequent cleaning. UF membranes generally may have a service life of five years or longer, depending on system operations. UF technology is commercially available in tubular, hollow-fiber, plate and frame, flat sheet, and spiral wound configurations.UF membranes reject solutes ranging in size from 0.005 microns and larger. Figure 1 provides a guide to the relationship between common material sizes, separation processes, and pore size measurements. The UF membrane process separates molecules in solution on the basis of size. The pore size and molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) are often used to characterize a membrane. The pore size is the nominal diameter of the openings or micropores in the membrane expressed in micron (micron meters µm). The MWCO is the molecular mass or weight of a solute that rejects greater than 90 percent. The unit of measurement for MWCO is the Dalton (D).Different membrane materials with the same nominal MWCO may have differing solute rejection. Pore size distribution and uniformity rather than the chemical nature of the membrane material may cause this effect. Because factors other than pore size or MWCO affect the performance of membranes, challenge studies are used to demonstrate membrane performance and benchmark different membranes.Figure 1: Material Size and Membrane Process GuideThe DOW Ultrafiltration hollow fiber membrane shown in Figure 2 is 1.3 mm outside diameter and 0.7 mm inside diameter and is made from PVDF polymer. The fibers are strong because of a combination of the polymer type,The 0.03 μm nominal pore size combines high filtration performance and high flux. The smaller pore size provides stabile long term filtration performance compared to microfiltration hollow fiber membranes. Dow has taken its Ultrafiltration technology to a new product format, referred to as IntegraPac TM modules and skids. This range includes interconnecting end caps that reduce skid capital costs and engineering design efforts.2. Description of DOW ™ Ultrafiltration IntegraPac ™ Module2.1 IntegraPac TM Module FeaturesThe DOW Ultrafiltration IntegraPac TM modules are made from high strength, hollow fiber membranes and are engineered to reduce design and fabrication requirements with features and benefits including:∙ 0.03 µm pore size for removal of bacteria, viruses, and particulates, a 6 log removal of bacteria, a 2.5 log removal on viruses and a <2.5 SDI guarantee with proper operation∙ PVDF fibers which offer strength, chemical and fouling resistance which allows for extended membrane life and consistent long term performance∙ Outside-In flow configuration which allows higher TSS feed waters, while maintaining reliable system performance and producing high quality filtrateInnovative end-cap design enables direct coupling of modules reducing the need for piping and manifolds. The outside-in flow configuration allows the use of highly effective air scour cleaning which enhances particle removal and improves recovery. A dead-end flow format achieves higher recovery and energy savings. The module housing design eliminates the need for separate pressure vessels while the vertical orientation allows easy removal of air from cleaning and integrity testing processes.Figure 2: Wall Cross Section of the Hollow FiberThe IntegraPac TM module is shown in Figure 3. There are six connections on each module. The top end cap includes 4”DN 100 concentrate ports and an 1½” DN 40 union for the. The bottom end cap includes 4” DN 100 feed ports and a 3/8” air inlet connection on the side allowing for easy access. Included with the module are the couplers, air fitting, and transparent filtrate elbow. The IntegraPac TM skid offering is shown in Figure 4.Selective ActiveArea0.3 mm Wall ThicknessFeed Outside to InFiltrateSubstructureFigure 3: IntegraPac TM ModuleFiltrateConcentrateFeedAirConnectionF i g u r e 4: I n t e g r a P a c ™ S k i d C o m p o n e n t sFeed flow enters and is distributed into the modules through the side feed ports located on the bottom end cap. Feed flow enters the module on the outside of the fiber. The air connection is located on the side of the bottom end cap and is used for air scouring and integrity testing. The concentrate (discharge of waste flows from the outside of fiber) and filtrate ports (inside of fiber) are located on the top cap.Table 1: IntegraPac TM Module and Skid ConnectionsModule DN 100 (4 inch) Coupler DN 40 (1.5 inch) Threaded Union 3/8 inch Threaded (G3/8”) Skid DN 100 (4 inch) FlangeDN 150 (6 inch) Flange DN 65 (2.5inch) FlangeTable 1 shows the type and size of the connections for the IntegraPac ™ modules. 2.2 I NTEGRA P AC ™ M ODULE AND S KID S PECIFICATIONSTable 2 shows dimensions and specifications for the IntegraPac TM modules as depicted in Figure 5. Table 3 includes the dimensions and specifications for the IntegraPac TM skids as depicted in Figure 6. Note that manufacturing and thermal expansion tolerances are not included in the dimensions below. Refer to the installation drawings for this information.Table 2: IntegraPac ™ Module Dimensions and SpecificationsFigure 5: IntegraPac ™ IP 51 and IP 77 Module Reference DrawingT a b l e 3: I n t e g r a P a c I P -51 a n d I P -77 S k i d D e t a i l si g u r e 6: I n t e g r a P a c ™ S k i d R e f e r e n c e f o r D i m e n s i o n sx a m p l e : 2x 7 t e g r a P a c I P -51-14 A r r a n g e m e n t2.3 InstallationDetailed installation instructions are provided for the Dow IntegraPac TM skids upon request. Figure 7 provides the installation details for DOW™ IntegraPac TM modules.Figure 7: Installation™ Drawing for IntegraPac™ IP 51 and IP 77 Modules3. Shipping and StorageTo control bacterial growth and prevent damage caused by fibers drying out, the DOW TM Ultrafiltration IntegraPac TM modules are wetted and stored in a non-hazardous standard storage solution containing pH buffered food-grade 1% wt. sodium metabisulfite (SMBS). At the end of the manufacturing process, storage solution is automatically injected into the modules and all inlet and outlet ports are sealed using plastic discs, couplings, and threaded plugs. If the modules will be exposed to low temperatures, glycerin can be added to the storage solution to prevent freezing. The modules are sealed in a plastic bag prior to boxing. Depending on the total number of modules and method of shipping, the modules are either shipped on pallets as shown in Figure 8 below or in crates. Skid components (underframe, air scour piping, filtrate piping) are shipped in a separate boxes or crates.As part of the quality assurance program, all DOW™ IntegraPac™ modules are tested for integrity and performance (“wet tested”) at the factory, prior to packaging and s hipment.Storage solution is automatically delivered into the module housings prior to sealing of the module ports. The target volume of storage solution used for each module is 4L (1 gal) for IP-51; and 6L (1.6 gal) for IP-77. After adding storage solution and sealing the openings, the modules are enclosed in plastic bags prior to boxing for dust protection. The storage solution volume and complete sealing of the module ports and openings help ensure a stable solution environment during transportation and storage of new modules.The bagged modules are stored in cardboard boxes, with one module per box. Saddle-shaped cushion inserts are located at both ends of the box and along the module to support and protect the modules from damage during shipping and handling. Depending on the total number of modules and required shipping method, the boxed modules are either palleted or crated for transportation. Other skid parts are placed in crates and shipped with the modules.Mechanical damage to module housing, membrane, and connections may result if the module, boxed module, pallet or crate is dropped, and otherwise mishandled. The modules should be handled with care, with particular attention during transportation.Figure 8: Pallet of IntegraPac™ Modules for ShippingStorage of New IntegraPac™ Modules:Modules are recommended to be shipped and stored in their original packaging separate from the system racks, and loaded into the system just prior to start-up. There may be cases where the customer prefers to pre-install the modules on the system racks; for example, to allow factory acceptance testing of packaged or mobile systems prior to shipping, or work scheduling at site to eliminate the separate step for module loading.These guidelines should be followed for storage of new DOW TM IntegraPac™ modules:∙Keep modules in original factory packaging.∙To minimize the potential for leakage of storage solution, modules should be stored in horizontal position.∙To prevent collapse of the boxed modules, limit vertical stacking to four layers of modules.∙Store inside a cool and dry building or warehouse, away from sources of heat, ignition, and direct sunlight. An ambient temperature of 20°C (68 ºF) to 35°C (95 ºF) is recommended for ideal storageconditions.∙Temperature limits for modules during shipping and storage is 1ºC (33.8 ºF) to 40ºC (104 ºF). Modules must be protected from freezing or excessive heat during shipping and storage. In order to avoidabrupt variations in temperature; equalization should be allowed to occur at a maximum temperaturedifferential of +/- 1°C (1.8 ºF) per minute. If freezing conditions are anticipated during the customer’sshipping and storage of modules, please notify DW&PS at the time of order placement. Glycerine may be added to the storage solution at the factory prior to shipping to allow for shipment and storage atfreezing conditions.∙Sealed modules may be stored up to 1 year from date of manufacture, at the recommended storage conditions described above and in the original packaging.Storage of modules installed on a skid:Modules (hollow fibers) installed during assembly of a skid should not be allowed to dry out. Dry membrane fibers will irreversibly lose flux. Blank or “dummy” modules are available to accurat ely build and assemble a skid. Consult the manufacturer regarding modules installed on a skid and not planned for operations within 7 days. UF systems are designed to run continuously and membrane systems perform better when operated continuously. However, in reality UF systems will start-up and shutdown on some frequency. Before the UF system shuts down, the system must be cleaned using air-scour and filtrate water backwash to prevent bio-growth in the UF system.The water used for backwash before shutdown should not contain chemicals. Any feed water and backwash chemical dosing used should be stopped before the last cleaning and shutdown. After cleaning, all valves on the UF system should be closed to seal the system.To avoid leakage in the module housing end caps and clamps, the backpressure in the modules should be controlled when the UF system shuts down, especially in case of non-scheduled shutdowns, e.g. power failure or emergency shutdowns.When the system is down for greater than 96 hours, note the following:∙The module should not dry out. Dry membrane fibers will irreversibly lose flux at any time.∙The system should be adequately protected against bio-growth, flushed for duration of 30 to 60 minutes once a day, or operated every 24 hours. If flushing with feed water, the quality should be <10 NTU or<10 mg/L TSS.∙The system should be protected against temperature extremes. The UF system can be shut down for96 hours without adding storage solution or taking additional precautions for microbiological fouling.Storage of modules off skid:For cases of long-term shutdown where the modules will remain out- of-service for an extensive period of time (weeks to months), the modules can be removed from the skid and stored to eliminate maintenance operations. If the module has been in service, a Chemically Enhanced Backwash (CEB) or Clean In Place (CIP), followed by an air scour and backwash (without chemicals) should be conducted before decommissioning the equipment. Add 4 and 6 liters of storage solution into the feed port of an IP-51 and IP-77 IntegraPac™ module respectively. The module should be kept in the horizontal position at the time of filling, with the remaining ports and openings sealed. Once the target volume of storage solution is added into the module, seal the feed ports and store the modules in the horizontal position. Modules should be placed in a plastic bag for protection and keeping the modules clean.If the modules will be exposed to freezing conditions glycerin should be added to the storage solution. It is recommended that food grade glycerin be added to the storage solution at the target strength detailed in Table 5. Enough solution should be added to wet the hollow fibers. Completely filling the modules with solution is not required. Modules prepared as described can be stored for 90 days. Consult the manufacturer for storage durations greater than 90 days.Warranty return of modules:Review the project warranty information for authorization instructions before shipping modules for return. To prepare a module for shipment drain the module, plug or seal the openings/ports, and secure the module on a pallet or in a crate.Table 4: Glycerin addition for Freezing Point Depression4. DOW Ultrafiltration IntegraPac™ Process Description4.1 Process OperationsThe basic operating conditions for the DOW Ultrafiltration IntegraPac™ modules and Skids are shown in Table 6 below. Operating parameters for the cleaning steps are provided in the section that describes cleaning.Figure 9: Filtration Step for DOW UF IntegraPac Modules and SkidsNormal operation refers to the routine operating sequence of a system using the DOW TM Ultrafiltration IntegraPac™ module and includes the operating and backwash steps. Consult Dow for commissioning procedures. At initial start up the modules are flushed using a “forward flush” to remove any residual chemicals or trapped air from the module. The flush occurs on the outside of the fibers and does not filter the feed water to produce filtrate. After the forward flush is discontinued the modules can be placed in the operating mode. An operating cycle ranges from 20 to 90 minutes in duration. While operating, 100% of the feed water is converted to filtrate. This is also referred to as dead end filtration. As contaminants are removed and deposited on the hollow fiber membrane surface during the operating step the transmembrane pressure will rise. At the end of the preset operating cycle time, a backwash sequence commences.Figure 10: Air Scour Step for DOW UF IntegraPac™ Modules and SkidsThe backwash mode occurs automatically usually on a preset time basis. The steps include an air scour, draining by gravity, backwash through the top outlet, backwash through the bottom outlet, and a forward flush. The air scour step is used to loosen particulates deposited on the outside of the membrane surface. Air is introduced on the outside of the fibers using only the hold up water volume of the module. Displaced feedflow/concentrate is allowed to discharge through the top of the module for disposal. After 20 to 30 seconds of continuous or intermittent air scour the module is drained by gravity.Figure 11: Air Scour Gravity Drain Step for DOW UF IntegraPac™ Modules and SkidsAfter the gravity draining step, the first backwash step is performed. Filtrate flow is reversed from the inside of the fiber to the outside and backwash flow is removed from the module housing through the top outlet. Figure 12: Top Backwash Step for DOW UF IntegraPac™ Modules and SkidsThe second backwash step is performed to remove backwash water through the bottom outlet. Filtrate continues to flow from the inside of the fiber to the outside and backwash flow is removed from the module housing through the bottom outlet of the module, ensuring the entire length of fibers have been cleaned. The backwash steps can be repeated numerous times depending on the degree of fouling. After backwash is complete, a forward flush is performed to remove any remaining large particulates and air trapped on the outside of the fibers. After a backwash, the modules are returned to the normal operating mode.Figure 13: Bottom Backwash Step for DOW UF IntegraPac™ Modules and SkidsCEB operation refers to a chemically enhanced backwash. The frequency of a CEB is dependent on the feed water quality. On high quality feed waters a CEB may not be required. The CEB process is programmed to occur automatically but the frequency can be field adjusted after gaining site specific operating experience. The CEB is performed using UF filtrate and either an acid, or alkali chemical. The alkali solution can be a combination of oxidant and caustic to more efficiently clean contaminants from the membrane surface. Selection of chemicals is made according the DOW Ultrafiltration applications guidelines and understanding of the foulants in the feed water.Figure 14: Forward Flush Step for DOW UF IntegraPac™ Modules and SkidsThe CEB is performed using the steps of a normal backwash except during a CEB, chemical is dosed into the backwash water and a soak step is added after the second backwash step. In addition the CEB can be performed at reduced flow, usually 50% of the backwash flux.Figure 15: Chemically Enhanced Backwash "Top" Step for DOW UF IntegraPac™ Modules and SkidsThe soak is performed for 5 to 20 minutes and allows time for the chemical to react with contaminants that have attached to the membrane surface or penetrated the fiber wall. Intermittent air scour can be applied during the soak step. After the soak a routine backwash including air scour, gravity drain, top and bottom backwash, and forward flush is performed to remove any remaining particulates and purge residual chemicals. After a CEB and at the start of the operating step, the initial filtrate produced may be sent to waste to remove residual chemicals. This step is dependent on the system piping and valve design and the downstream requirements for the filtrate. Figure 16: Chemically Enhanced Backwash "Bottom" step for DOW UF IntegraPac™ Modules and SkidsCIPA clean in place (CIP) is an offline operation that includes backwashes and chemical recirculation and soaking to clean the hollow fibers. The CIP is an on demand operation. It can be an automated process but is most often conducted manually. The frequency of a CIP is dependent on the feed water quality and routine fouling control strategy but can range from 1 to 6 months. Prior to a CIP the routine backwash steps including air scour, draining, backwash through the top outlet, and backwash through the bottom outlet are performed. Thebackwash steps can be repeated multiple times to remove contaminants or foulants not requiring chemical removal. After completing the backwash steps, the module is drained by gravity to remove excess water and prevent dilution of the CIP chemical solution. The CIP chemical solutions are recirculated through the modules on the outside of the hollow fibers for 30 minutes through a chemical mixing and solution tank. A portion of the recycle stream can be passed through the hollow fibers and recycled to the chemical cleaning tank. A cartridge filter is used to remove particulates from the CIP solution during recycle. Note that the CIP solution can be heated to 40ºC to improve effectiveness for removing contaminants from the hollow fibers. The CIP solution pH can be measured during the cleaning process and refreshed with chemicals to maintain the target pH and effectiveness of the solution. A soak is performed after the initial recycle step for 60 minutes or longer depending on the degree of fouling that has occurred. After the soak step, CIP chemicals are again recycled through the modules on the outside of the hollow fibers for 30 minutes. Air scour for short durations can be performed during the soak and recycle steps to prevent channeling of the solution through the module. When the recycle is completed an air scour is performed and then the module is drained to remove the concentrated chemical solution. The top and bottom backwash and the forward flush steps are also performed to remove any remaining particulates on the outside of the fibers. After a CIP and at the start of the operating step, filtrate may be sent to waste to remove residual chemicals held in the fiber or module. The CIP steps described above are for a single alkali or acid chemical solution. If both an acid and alkali cleaning are required, the CIP steps would be repeated for each chemical solution.Figure 17: Clean in Place Cleaning Step for DOW UF IntegraPac™ Modules and Skids4.2 PretreatmentDOW Ultrafiltration IntegraPac™ Modules and Skids designs are based on qualified feed water conditions as shown in Table 7. The UF IntegraPac™ Modules and Skids can tolerate period excursions in feed water quality as shown as the maximum allowable in Table 7. If the feed water quality is outside of the design basis range Dow should be consulted to determine if a pilot study is needed to confirm performance or if a pretreatment step is necessary. Also, if the membrane filtration system is designed and installed to the conditions below but the feed water quality is not maintained, please consult Dow Water & Process Solutions.2 Residual in filtrateDepending on application, a safety screen of 100 - 300 microns is recommended on the feed before the UF IntegraPac™ Modules and Skids. In seawater applications, a strainer size of 100 – 150 microns is recommended to prevent the growth of barnacles and mussel larvae in upstream, process pipework and tanks. A variety of technologies can be used such as self-cleaning screens and filters and bag, cartridge, or disc filters. Depending on the type of water or range of feed water parameters other pretreatment processes such as oxidation, coagulation, clarification and media filtration may also be needed.4.3 CleaningSummary of InformationThe process operating parameters for the cleaning steps are provided in Table 8 below.4.4 FoulingThere are four types of fouling common to UF operations including particulate, biological, inorganic, and organic.Particulate fouling is caused by suspended solids, colloids, and turbidity. To reduce particulates in UF feed water coagulation, sedimentation, clarification, and filtration are often used. The common cleaning method for particulate fouling is air scour and backwash.Biological fouling is caused by the growth of microorganisms. Using in-line chemical feed of chlorine or biocide or eliminating nutrients by using PAC, GAC, or coagulation, can reduce biological fouling. The cleaning method for removal of biological fouling is Chemically Enhanced Backwash (CEB) with oxidizers or biocides (NaOCl,H2O2, SBS). Shock chlorination can also be effective for biological fouling control. Inorganic fouling is caused by the precipitation of inorganics on the membrane. The rate of inorganic fouling can be controlled through oxidation/precipitation and/or filtration as pretreatment to the UF or in some cases reducing the hardness of the feed water. The recommended cleaning method for removal of inorganic fouling is chemically enhanced backwash with acid at pH 2 (HCl, H2SO4, Citric, Oxalic Acid).Organic fouling is caused by organics adsorbing on the membrane (silt, organic acids, humus). PAC, GAC, or coagulation can be used to control the rate of organic fouling. The common cleaning method for removal of organic fouling is CEB with alkali at pH 12 (NaOH).5. Operating Information5.1 Start UpThe following procedures should be followed for start-up of DOW TM IntegraPac™ Ultrafiltration Modules and Skids. Manually start the equipment during initial operation. Flush the UF system to remove the storage solution used in shipping before starting the equipment. Target a filtrate flow of 60% of design during initial operations. After 24 hours the filtrate flow can be adjusted to design conditions.Pre-start checks1. The UF pre-treatment system should operate properly and the UF feed water should meet the design requirements. Ensure that chemical addition points are properly located and that proper mixing of chemicals in the feed streams can occur. Check the addition of pretreatment chemicals.2. Verify that the drain/waste collection system is functional3. Verify that the PLC program is loaded and functioning4. Complete an electrical system check. Verify that the instrumentation is working and calibration is completed. Calibrate gauges and meters based on manufacturers’ recommenda tions.5. Clean and connect interconnecting piping. Flush system without modules to remove fabrication debris. During the flushing operation, check all pipe connections and valves for leaks. Tighten connections where necessary.6. Residual air should be removed from the system during start-up.Start UpCheck that all valves are closed and pumps are off before starting the system. Start the equipment by following the steps below:1.Pumps should be aligned, lubricated, and properly rotated.2.Open valves and start the feed pump3.Fill system and start a flush4.Start the backwash pump5.Set and adjust the backwash pressure6.Set and adjust the inlet air pressure7.Set backwash time interval8.Set air scour time interval9.Set backwash sequence。

陶氏过滤和纳滤膜技术手册2023版简介本技术手册为陶氏化学公司的过滤和纳滤膜技术提供了详细的说明和指导。

通过使用陶氏过滤和纳滤膜技术，您可以实现高效的液体和气体分离，适用于各种行业和应用领域。

产品特点- 高效分离：陶氏过滤和纳滤膜技术能够高效分离液体和气体，去除悬浮物、颗粒和污染物，从而提高生产效率和产品质量。

高效分离：陶氏过滤和纳滤膜技术能够高效分离液体和气体，去除悬浮物、颗粒和污染物，从而提高生产效率和产品质量。

- 广泛适用：陶氏的过滤和纳滤膜技术适用于多个行业，包括食品与饮料、制药、化工、电子、半导体等领域。

广泛适用：陶氏的过滤和纳滤膜技术适用于多个行业，包括食品与饮料、制药、化工、电子、半导体等领域。

- 灵活性：根据不同的应用需求，我们提供各种不同类型的过滤和纳滤膜产品，以满足您的特定需求。

灵活性：根据不同的应用需求，我们提供各种不同类型的过滤和纳滤膜产品，以满足您的特定需求。

- 可持续发展：陶氏过滤和纳滤膜技术以其高效能和低能耗的特点，有助于实现可持续发展目标。

可持续发展：陶氏过滤和纳滤膜技术以其高效能和低能耗的特点，有助于实现可持续发展目标。

主要应用领域食品与饮料陶氏过滤和纳滤膜技术在食品与饮料行业中具有广泛应用，可用于浓缩果汁、脱色、去除微生物和杂质等。

该技术能够提高产品质量和保持天然风味。

制药在制药领域，陶氏的过滤和纳滤膜技术可用于制备纯净水、去除微生物和颗粒、浓缩药物等。

这些技术有助于确保药品的质量和纯度。

化工陶氏过滤和纳滤膜技术在化工领域中可以用于分离有机溶剂、去除颜料和杂质、提取和浓缩溶液等。

该技术的应用有助于提高化工生产过程的效率和可靠性。

电子和半导体陶氏过滤和纳滤膜技术在电子和半导体行业中非常重要，可用于去除颗粒和杂质，提供超净水和空气。

这些技术有助于确保电子产品的品质和可靠性。

结论陶氏过滤和纳滤膜技术手册提供了对其产品和应用的全面介绍。

通过使用陶氏的过滤和纳滤膜技术，您可以获得高效的分离和提纯效果，提高产品质量，并满足不同行业的特定需求。

目录第一章公司简介 1 第二章超滤技术介绍 3 第三章DOW TM Ultrafiltration超滤膜介绍11 第四章DOW TM Ultrafiltration膜组件性能参数15 第五章超滤系统的设计21 第六章超滤装置的运行28 第七章超滤元件的完整性检测36 第八章系统的维护及故障分析38 第九章超滤装置的清洗40 第十章超滤膜组件的包装、运输与贮存43 第十一章工程运行实例44 第十二章免责说明50SFX2660安装指导图SFX2860安装指导图超滤系统通用P & IDDOW RESTRICTED - For internal use only第一章公司简介1.1 公司概况作为陶氏化学旗下的差异化业务部门，陶氏水处理及过程解决方案业务部提供广泛系列的离子交换树脂、反渗透膜、超滤膜以及连续电除盐产品，在工业与市政用水、化学工艺、制药、电力、居民用水以及污水处理与回用等各个主要应用领域占据着强有力的地位。

陶氏是世界唯一一家同时具有膜和离子交换树脂两大技术和产品的公司。

这两项技术均可从溶液中分离溶解的矿物质以及有机物，最终生成符合国际最严格水净化标准的水，从而以更低的运营成本生产出高品质的水。

陶氏水处理及过程解决方案以卓越的技术创新和强大的应用开发能力，结合精湛的设计和生产工艺，为客户提供高性能、超稳定、长寿命的陶氏超滤膜产品。

其拥有资深的膜分离技术专家、经验丰富的工程师和先进的分析检测手段为客户提供专业高效的服务，随时解决用户遇到的问题。

同时，凭借其先进的技术和对行业的深度了解为客户提供经济、节能、可持续发展的水处理解决方案。

DOW TM Ultrafilitration 陶氏超滤膜在饮用水处理、污水中水回用、反渗透预处理等方面有着广泛的应用。

其优异的性能帮助客户开发有挑战性的工程应用，从循环水零排放到炼油废水处理，从电子研磨废水回用到海水淡化预处理，陶氏超滤膜不断突破水处理的新领域。

陶氏反渗透和纳滤膜元件产品与技术手册标题：深度探讨陶氏反渗透和纳滤膜元件产品与技术手册一、引言陶氏反渗透和纳滤膜元件产品与技术手册是当今水处理技术领域备受瞩目的重要文献之一。

我们将在本文中深入剖析该手册的内容，从而全面理解其中蕴含的知识和技术。

二、产品介绍1. 反渗透膜元件我们将从反渗透膜元件的原理、结构和应用展开讨论。

反渗透膜元件作为水处理领域的核心产品，其高效的物质分离功能和广泛的应用前景备受瞩目。

在手册中，对反渗透膜元件的技术参数、使用注意事项和维护保养进行了详细的介绍，使读者能够全面了解其在实际应用中的优势和特点。

2. 纳滤膜元件我们将重点讨论纳滤膜元件在水处理领域的应用。

纳滤膜元件因其精细的过滤孔径和高效的截留能力而备受关注，其应用涵盖了污水处理、饮用水净化和工业废水处理等多个领域。

手册中详细介绍了纳滤膜元件的种类、性能参数和工艺流程，为读者提供了全面的学习和参考资料。

三、技术手册分析在技术手册的详细分析中，我们将重点关注以下几个方面：技术参数的解读、实际应用技术和维护保养指南。

技术参数是评价膜元件品质的重要指标，我们将详细解读其中的关键参数，并探讨如何根据这些参数选择合适的膜元件产品。

实际应用技术是技术手册的核心内容之一，我们将深入挖掘其中的实际案例和技术要点，以帮助读者了解膜元件在实际工程中的应用方法和技术要求。

维护保养指南是保证膜元件长期稳定运行的重要保障，我们将重点关注手册中对于膜元件日常维护和保养的建议，帮助读者树立正确的维护理念。

四、总结与展望通过本文的探讨和总结，相信读者已经对陶氏反渗透和纳滤膜元件产品与技术手册有了更深入的了解。

在未来，随着水处理技术的不断发展和创新，膜元件产品必将迎来更广阔的应用前景和市场机遇。

我们期待更多的科研人员和工程师能够通过技术手册的学习和实践，为推动我国水处理技术的发展贡献自己的一份力量。

个人观点和理解：对于陶氏反渗透和纳滤膜元件产品与技术手册，我个人认为其内容具有极高的实用价值。

陶氏ro膜技术手册一、引言RO（Reverse Osmosis）逆渗透膜是一种重要的膜分离技术，广泛应用于水处理、海水淡化、废水处理等领域。

陶氏RO膜作为世界膜技术领域中的重要品牌，拥有卓越的膜分离性能和长久的使用寿命，一直受到行业的推崇和信赖。

本手册旨在详细介绍陶氏RO膜技术，为用户提供使用指南和技术支持。

二、RO膜技术原理RO膜是一种半透膜，通过对压力进行控制，使溶液中的溶质（水中的溶解物）逆向渗透，从而实现溶质与溶剂的分离。

RO膜的基本原理是利用膜的选择性透过性，使溶剂（通常是水）通过，而将溶质（溶液中的杂质、盐类等）截留在膜的一侧。

三、RO膜的应用领域1. 水处理：RO膜广泛应用于家庭自来水净化、饮用水处理、工业用水处理等方面。

其高效的过滤能力能够有效去除水中的有机物、重金属离子、微生物等，提供清洁、安全的饮用水。

2. 海水淡化：由于全球淡水资源的日益减少，海水淡化技术成为一种重要的解决方案。

陶氏RO膜在海水淡化领域具有优异的脱盐效果和稳定的性能，可广泛应用于海洋淡化厂、海水养殖等领域。

3. 废水处理：陶氏RO膜在工业废水处理中担当重要角色，能够有效去除废水中的溶解物、重金属离子等有害物质，提高废水的处理效果，减少对环境的影响。

四、RO膜产品介绍根据不同的应用领域和处理对象，陶氏RO膜提供多种产品系列。

常见的产品系列包括：1. 海水淡化系列：专门设计用于海水淡化厂，具有较高的脱盐率和稳定的性能。

2. 密闭系统系列：适用于家庭自来水净化、工业用水处理等领域，提供高效的过滤和去除杂质的功能。

3. 高温耐受系列：用于高温环境下的水处理，能够忍受高温条件下的工作。

4. 高砷富锌系列：专为含有大量砷和富锌的水处理而设计，具有出色的去除效果。

五、使用指南1. 准备工作：使用RO膜前，确保水源无明显污染，避免杂质对膜的损害。

另外，在膜组件安装前，确保设备清洁，以免影响膜的运行效果。

2. 操作要点：根据具体的需要和水质特点，选择合适的操作条件，包括进水压力、溶液浓度、温度等参数。

陶氏超滤产品技术手册作为一家全球领先的工程材料和科学研究公司，Dow公司致力于为客户提供各种高质量的工程材料以及创新的科技。

在这些产品中，陶氏超滤产品是其中之一。

陶氏超滤产品是一种用途广泛的膜技术，能够通过分离物质颗粒大小来过滤清洁水源或废水，有效地净化水质。

陶氏超滤技术已经在许多工业、商业和家庭环境中得到了广泛应用。

为了帮助客户更好地了解陶氏超滤技术，Dow公司发布了陶氏超滤产品技术手册。

该手册详细介绍了陶氏超滤膜的构成和产生原理，以及超滤膜的物理性质和处理效果。

此外，手册还介绍了如何根据不同的水源和用途选择适当的超滤膜，并且为客户提供了使用陶氏超滤膜的有效方案。

手册包含以下内容：第一部分：超滤膜的概述手册的第一部分提供了陶氏超滤膜的概述。

超滤膜是由几种不同材料组成的多层复合膜，这些材料通常是聚酰胺（PA）及聚碳酸酯（PC）。

超滤膜能够过滤出直径可达0.1微米的颗粒，能够有效地过滤水中的细菌、病毒、有机物和一些重金属等污染物。

第二部分：超滤膜的物理性质手册的第二部分介绍超滤膜的物理和化学性质。

超滤膜具有一定的孔径大小，因此，它能够过滤物质的颗粒大小是有限制的。

此外，超滤膜还有很好的抗氧化和耐腐蚀性能，能够适应各种复杂的水质环境。

第三部分：超滤膜的应用手册的第三部分介绍了超滤膜的应用，包括工业和商业的应用。

超滤膜广泛应用于制药、电子、化工、食品和饮料生产、废水处理、海水淡化和饮用水净化等领域。

此外，超滤膜还可以应用于家庭饮用水净化器中，提供家用净水服务。

第四部分：根据不同水源选择超滤膜手册的第四部分介绍了如何根据不同的水源选择超滤膜。

手册提供了一些关于选择超滤膜的建议和技巧，这些建议和技巧能够帮助客户选择出适合自己需要的超滤膜。

选择适当的超滤膜不仅可以提高处理水的效率，还能够有效地减少能耗和成本。

第五部分：使用超滤膜的有效方案手册的第五部分介绍了使用超滤膜的有效方案，例如在废水处理中的应用。

该部分还提供了超滤膜的周期维护技巧和操作方法。

101202CAPF-XIGA-S225-PVC -02508” C A P F I L M E M B R A N E E L E M E N T P V CS – 2 2 5 F S F CELEMENT SPECIFICATIONSelement typehydraulic membranediametermembrane areaelement lengthA permeate collector inner diameterB element outer diameterC[mm] [m 2] [mm][mm][mm]S-225 FSFC PVC 0.8 351527.5 42.6 200 S-225 FSFC PVC1.5201527.542.6200MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION• housing : PVC• flow distributor : polyethersulfone • potting : epoxy•membrane:see membrane data sheetsFor more information please write or call to:X-Flow B.V. P.O.Box 7397500 AS Enschede The NetherlandsPhone: Fax: E-mail: Web site:+ 31 (0)53 4287350 + 31 (0)53 4287351 info@xflow.nl www.xflow.nlNote: The information and data contained in this document are based on our general experience and are believed to be correct. They are given in g ood faith and are intended to provide a guideline for the selection and use of our products. Since the conditions under which our products may be used are beyond our control, this information does not imply any guarantee of final product performance and we cannot accept any liability with respect to the use of our products. The quality of our products is guaranteed under our conditions of sale. Existing industrial property rights must be observed.CAPF-XIGA-S225-PVC -0250CONNECTION SPECIFICATIONS• Feed sidedetermined by standard 8” membrane element housings (see specifications of housing supplier) • Permeate sideinterconnector for element-in-series arrangementendconnector for element-in-series arrangement (see specif ications of housing supplier)OPERATING SPECIFICATIONSmaximum system pressure (*)maximum transmembrane pressure maximum backflush pressure maximum operating temperature[kPa][kPa][kPa][°C]0 - 20 °C: 600 0 - 40 °C: 300 0 - 40 °C: 300 40 (*) 20 - 40 °C: 300 temperature specifications (see also membrane data sheet)• Backwash water should be free of particulates and should be of permeate quality or better.• Backwash pumps should preferably be made of non-corroding materials, e.g., plastic or stainless steel. Ifcompressed air is used to pressurize the backwash water, do not allow a two-phase air/water mixture to enter the element.• To avoid mechanical damage, do not subject the membrane module or element to sudden temperaturechanges, particularly decreasings. Do not exceed 40 °C process temperature. Bring the module orelement back to ambient operating temperature slowly (typical value 1 °C/min). Failure to adhere to this guideline can result in irreparable damage.PROCESS CHARACTERISTICSThis element type is used for dead-end applications. Typical process conditions: Trans membrane pressure: 50 – 100 kPa Backflush trans membrane pressure: 80 – 200 kPaBackflush flux: 250 – 300 l/m 2h Backflush time: 30 s Backflush frequency: 2 – 4 times/hourTypical flux: 70 – 100 l/m 2h。

陶氏ro膜技术手册RO膜（Reverse Osmosis Membrane）是一种能够有效去除水中溶解性固体、胶体、细菌、病毒和微量溶解性有机物的薄膜，被广泛应用于水处理、海水淡化、废水处理及工业生产等领域。

陶氏公司作为全球领先的RO膜制造商，其先进的RO膜技术得到了业界的高度评价。

一、RO膜的原理与结构RO膜基于自然渗透作用，通过半透膜将高浓度水溶液转化为低浓度水溶液。

其基本原理是利用高压力将水逆向迁移，从而达到了去除溶解性固体和溶解性有机物的目的。

RO膜的结构主要由三层构成：孔道层、中间支持层和背衬层。

其中，孔道层是实现分离效果的关键层，通过其精密的孔径控制实现对溶质和非溶质的选择性分离。

二、RO膜的应用领域陶氏RO膜技术在多个领域都有广泛的应用。

首先是水处理领域，RO膜可以应用于饮用水净化、污水处理、水资源回收等方面。

其次是海水淡化领域，RO膜可以通过对海水进行处理，将其转化为可以供给人们使用的淡水。

此外，在工业生产中，RO膜也可以用于制备高纯水、电子产品制造等领域。

三、陶氏RO膜技术的优势1. 高效能：陶氏RO膜拥有高通量、低能耗的特点，能够在保证水质要求的同时，最大限度地减少能源消耗。

2. 长寿命：RO膜的使用寿命较长，具有良好的耐温、耐酸碱性能，能够在不同环境条件下稳定运行。

3. 低污染：陶氏RO膜的材料纯度高，孔径分布均匀，具有较好的抗污染性能，能够有效减少污染物对膜的影响。

4. 稳定性：RO膜的性能稳定，通过控制工艺参数和优化操作条件，能够保证膜系统的长时间稳定运行。

5. 定制性：陶氏公司提供多种规格和类型的RO膜，能够根据用户需求进行定制生产，以满足不同应用场景的要求。

四、RO膜的操作与维护1. 清洗：RO膜在运行一段时间后，会因为污染物的积累而逐渐降低通量。

此时，需要进行适当的清洗操作，以恢复RO膜的性能。

2. 防止污染：在RO膜系统运行过程中，要注意避免有机物、微生物和颗粒物等污染物进入，需进行合理的预处理。