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埃德加爱伦坡ppt课件

埃德加爱伦坡ppt课件
岁，死因不明，各类说法甚多。
;.
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作家信息
外文名 Edgar Allan
Poe
国籍
美国
出生日期 1809年1月19日
星座
摩羯座
毕业院校 弗吉尼亚大学
主要成就 侦探小说、恐怖小说、
效果论
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故事Байду номын сангаас介
故事发生在南卡罗来纳州的苏里文岛， 主人公威廉·勒格朗，他在不久前被一 只金色的虫子咬了，他的仆人丘比特害 怕他会发疯，于是去找到了勒格朗的朋友， 一位不知名的叙述者，勒格朗在破解了 一份关于被埋葬的宝藏的秘密文件之后， 带着两人一起去冒险寻宝。
;.
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密文内容
•
•
一面好镜子在皮肖甫客店魔椅四十一度十三分东北偏北最大树杈第七根枝桠东南
从骷髅头左眼射击从树前引一直距线通过子弹延伸五十英尺
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;.
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埃德加··坡 侦探小说之父
;.
1
作家简介
埃德加·爱伦·坡(Edgar Allan Poe)(1809～1849)，美国作家、诗人、编者与文学评论 家，被尊崇是美国浪漫主义运动要角之一，以悬疑、惊悚小说最负盛名。爱伦·坡是美国 的短篇小说家先锋之一，并被公认是推理小说的创造者，甚至被视为科幻小说的共同催生 者之一。他的短篇小说大致分为三类：恐怖故事、谋杀疑案和科学难解之谜。他开创了侦 探小说的先河，被称为“侦探小说之父”。1849年10月7日，爱伦·坡逝于巴尔的摩，四十

高一英美文学爱伦坡乌鸦EdgarAllenoeandheRavenPPT课件

高一英美文学爱伦坡乌鸦EdgarAllenoeandheRavenPPT课件
4
Introduction
a miserable childhood
was adopted
entered the University
by John Allan
but didn’t finish
went to West Point but
an unhappy
was dismissed
relationship
Ratiocination（推理）
“The Murders in the Rue Morgue” 《莫格街谋杀案》
“The Gold Bug”《金甲虫》
“The Purloined Letter”《被窃的信
件“》The Mystery of Marie Roget” 《玛丽罗杰谜
案》
10
works
at 27 he married his 13-year-old cousin
her death in 1847 left him a bitterer life
died in mysterious circumstance s, in 1849
5
Introduction
a villain with no virtue
Cps. yfacthhoearnoaflfdyatetitcheecrtiovfe
western stories;
criticism;
3
Important Points
• 1. Poe’s major works. • 2. Poe’s literary characteristics
and achievements
Literary theory
The Philosophy of Composition 《创作原理》 The Poetic Principle 《诗歌原则》

The-Fall-of-the-House-of-Usher——爱伦坡PPT课件

The-Fall-of-the-House-of-Usher——爱伦坡PPT课件

• the Journey into the Blue Distance of Tieck;
• and the City of the Sun of Campanella.
• the Directorium Inquisitorum; 《宗教法庭手册》
• the Vigilae Mortuorum secundum Chorum Ecclesiae Maguntinae.
• the Belphegor of Machiavelli;
• the Heaven and Hell of Swedenborg;
• the Subterranean Voyage of Nicholas Klimm by Holberg;
• the Chiromancy of Robert Flud, of Jean D'Indagine, and of De la Chambre;
coffin – She returns from the tomb to reclaim her twin
brother, her “double” – “the huge antique panels…threw back” – She “fell heavily inward upon…her brother
(4)The fear from his heart and the fear caused by the environment around him
.
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Madeline:
She had deadly disease but she tried her best to live.
The narrator:
(2)Usher loved his sister very much, but Madeline suffered a lot from her malady and was going to die

爱伦坡及其诗歌赏析--Ellen-PoePPT课件

爱伦坡及其诗歌赏析--Ellen-PoePPT课件
刚才我正睡意昏昏，而你来敲门又那么 轻，
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哦，我清楚地记得那是在萧瑟的十二 月；
每一团奄奄一息的余烬都形成阴影伏在地 板。
我当时真盼望翌日；——因为我已经枉费 心机
想用书来消除悲哀——消除因失去丽诺尔 的悲叹—— 因那被天使叫作丽诺尔的少女，她美丽娇 艳—— 在这儿却默默无闻，直至永远。
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2. The function of poetry is not to summarize and interpret earthly experience, but to create a mood in which the soul soars toward supernal beauty. The basic tone is melancholy.
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维琴妮亚用温柔与爱启示爱伦坡写成了很多最优美 的诗句，其中就有那篇不朽的名诗《乌鸦》。这首 诗爱伦坡写了又写，改了又改，足足花费了十年的 时间，可是仅卖了十块钱。这件事立刻在当地传为 最大的笑话，爱伦坡成为了公认的弱智与无能之辈。 许多人都为自己能够识别出一个白痴而骄傲，感觉 自己与相中良马的伯乐一样出色(但是他们犯了最大 的错误，今天这首诗的原稿已售价数万美元)。
据研究侦探小说的专家霍华德海克雷夫特认为这个杜宾也是坡的自我理想化身因为他自幼聪颖异常处处想表现自己的优越所以就把杜宾写成具有超人智力观察入微料事如神的理想人物为了衬托他的了不起又借一个对他无限钦佩相形见拙的朋友来叙述他的事迹此外还写了一个头脑愚钝动机虽好而屡犯错误的警探作为对比
Edgar Allan Poe (1809 - 1849)

爱伦坡 Edgar_Allan_Poe 介绍

爱伦坡 Edgar_Allan_Poe 介绍
——the writer
柯南· 道尔说：“在推理小说 创作这条狭窄的小路上， 一个作家必须步行，而他总 会看到在他的前面有
爱· 伦坡Edgar Allan Poe
的脚印。”
Edgar Allan Poe
• Born: January 19, 1809) Boston, Massachusetts, USA • Died: October 7, 1849 (aged 40) Baltimore, Maryland, USA • Occupation: Poet, short-story writer, editor, literary critic • Genres: Horror fiction, crime fiction, detective fiction • Literary movement: Romanticism
Байду номын сангаас
巅峰
• Pioneer of Symbolism 象征主义先驱 • Aesthete唯美主义者
Influences of Poe
• 1. Influenced writers of split personality. • 2. Influenced literary (psychoanalytic) criticism. • 3. Influenced writers dealing with the disintegration of personality ( psychological fiction). • 4. father of the detective fiction （ ratiocinative fiction) & psychoanalytic criticism 5. contributed to the science fiction

埃德加爱伦坡的介绍实用PPT文档

埃德加爱伦坡的介绍实用PPT文档

Edgar Allan Poe
• In 1836, Poe, then 27, married his 13-year- Poe was never coherent long enough to explain how he came to be in his dire condition, and, oddly, was wearing clothes that were
not his own.
old cousin, Virginia Then enlisted in the Army and later failing as an officer's cadet at West Point.
the inventor of the detective fiction genre. In 1836, Poe, then 27, married his 13-year-old cousin, Virginia Clemm.
• he was orphaned Edgar Allan Poe is buried in Baltimore, Maryland.
Edgar Allan Poe Edgar Allan Poe
young when his Then enlisted in the Army and later failing as an officer's cadet at West Point.
after his father Edgar Allan Poe
he was orphaned young when his mother died shortly after his father abandoned the family.
abandoned the family. Poe was taken in by John Allan.

埃德加爱伦坡的介绍

埃德加爱伦坡的介绍
Edgar Allan Poe
Edgar AlБайду номын сангаасan Poe
January 19, 1809 – October 7, 1849 American author, poet, editor and literary critic, considered part of the American Romantic Movement
• Poe was never coherent long enough to explain how he came to be in his dire condition, and, oddly, was wearing clothes that were not his own. • Edgar Allan Poe is buried in Baltimore, Maryland. The circumstances and cause of his death remain uncertain
Edgar Allan Poe
• In 1836, Poe, then 27, married his 13-yearold cousin, Virginia Clemm. They were married for some eleven years until her early death, which may have inspired some of his writing
Edgar Allan Poe
• He attended the University of Virginia for one semester but left due to lack of money. • Then enlisted in the Army and later failing as an officer's cadet at West Point.

美国文学爱伦坡,安娜贝尔李ppt课件

美国文学爱伦坡,安娜贝尔李ppt课件
An unhappy youth: at 17 went to the University of Virginia but did not finish, an appointment to West Point but was dismissed less than a year later.
critic of his time” His poetry is “exquisitely refined”. His tales are “complete works of art”.
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柯南道尔：“一名侦探小说家只能沿这条不 宽的主道而行，所以他时时都会发现前方有 坡的脚印。如果他偶尔能设法偏离主道，独 辟蹊径，那他就可以感到心满意足了。”
无论是天上的天使， 还是海底的恶魔， 都不能将我们的灵魂分离，
Nor the demons down under
我和我美丽的安娜贝尔.李。
the sea，
Can ever dissever my soulfrom the soul Of the beautiful Annabel Lee. For the moon never beams
于是她那些高贵的亲戚来到凡间 把她从我的身边夺去， 将她关进一座坟墓 在这个滨海的国度里。
in this kingdom by the sea.
这些天使们在天上，不及我们一
半快活，
The angels ，not half so happy in the heaven， Went evening her and me Yes！That was the reason （as all men know， in this
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2. Detective Novel （推理侦探小说） Murders in the Rue Morgue The Purloined Letter The Gold Bug 3. Science Fiction （科幻小说） 4. Satirical Novel（幽默讽刺小说）

爱伦坡及其诗歌赏析--Ellen-Poe

爱伦坡及其诗歌赏析--Ellen-Poe
In the poem, three beauties in ancient Greek mythology—Helen, Naiad and Psyche---are mentioned just to show that beauty is something that existed; it is very holy but it is hard to reach.
Questions on "To Helen"
1. Although the poem is about a real person, is lines written in passionate boyhood to the first purely and ideal woman in his soul, Poe addressed it to Helen, why might he have done this?
在纽约的郊外，有一处四周都种了苹果树的房子。在 这所房子里，住着爱伦坡和他年轻的太太，他们以每月3 美元的租金租借此房。可是，他大半时候穷得没有饭钱， 更别提房租了。维琴妮亚病倒在床，可他竟没有分文替 她买些食物和药物。有时候，他们整天饿着肚子，当院 里车前草开花时，他们便煮它充饥。除了肉体的折磨， 还有来自旁人的冷嘲热讽。但爱伦坡几尽疯狂地写诗， 强烈的成功的欲望使他忘记了一切苦痛，在他的脑海中， 只有两个字：奋斗！
To Helen
Stanza 1 The poet first mentioned Helen, the most famous
beauty in Great mythology. Then Poe compared himself to Odysseus, who wandered for ten years over the sea to get home. As Odysseus, Edgar Allan Poe was persistent in his chasing after fine arts with the sincere belief that art, or beauty and truth, is the ultimate aim, the home, for the wandering poet; while Helen, the embodiment of ancient beauty, is the guider to that dreamland.

南开大学 外国语学院 美国文学课件 爱伦坡

南开大学 外国语学院 美国文学课件 爱伦坡
e‟s reputation was first made in France. Charles Baudelaire said that “Edgar Poe, who isn‟t much in America, must become a great man in France.”


The narrator remarks that his "friend" the raven will soon fly out of his life, just as "other friends have flown before“ along with his previous hopes. As if answering, the raven responds again with "Nevermore". The narrator is convinced that this single word, possibly learned from a previous owner with bad luck, is all that the bird can say.

The main theme of the poem is one of undying （永恒的） devotion. The narrator experiences a perverse conflict between desire to forget and desire to remember. He seems to get some pleasure from focusing on loss. The narrator assumes that the word "Nevermore" is the raven's "only stock and store", and yet he continues to ask it questions, knowing what the answer will be.

爱伦坡ppt课件

爱伦坡ppt课件
•《过早的埋葬》（The Premature Burial）
•《陷阱与钟摆》（The Pit and the Pendulum）
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诗
《艾尔·阿拉夫》（Al Aaraaf）
《安娜贝尔·李》（Annabel Lee）
《钟声》（The Bells）
《海中之城》（The City in the Sea）
《The Conqueror Worm》
3
• Education: finished his elementary education in London, studied in the University of Virginia for one year. Then he dropped out because of excessive drinking.
2
• Birth:1809.1.19, born in Boston • Family: his mother is a charming and
talented actress, while his father is ordinary and incapable. They both died when he was about three years old. Then he was adopted by the Allens .
• The atmosphere of the work is doom
and gloom, the rhetoric is beautiful
and full of pretty rhyme. Sometic.
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• Critics put him in the romantic period, gothic period, dispirited period, and symbolic period.

Edgar Allan Poe演讲PPT

Edgar Allan Poe演讲PPT
Master of suspense and horror, Edgar Allan Poe is known for his Gothic writing style, as demonstrated in two of his well-known short stories, “The Tell-Tale Heart” and “The Cask of Amontillado”
The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym
Jul 1838 This was Poe's first and only complete novel. The Theme in this book is the theme of his life and his other books, Death.
The Tell-Tale Heart 1843
"The Tell-Tale Heart" is a short story by American writer Edgar Allan Poe, first published in 1843."The Tell-Tale Heart" is widely considered a classic of the Gothic fiction genre and is one of Poe's most famous short stories.
1831 Poe Leaves West Point by being court-marshaled and decides to pursue his dreams
of becoming a writer.
1836
Edgar Poe marries his cousin Virginia in May. She was 13,and Poe was 27.

爱伦坡简介

爱伦坡简介

Edgar Allan PoeEdgar Allan Poe（1809-1849）was an great American poet, editor and literary critic. Best known for his tales of mystery and the macabre, Poe was one of the earliest American short story writer and is considered the inventor of the detective-fiction genre. Poe and his works influenced literature in over the world.Poe’s childhood was miserable, because his parents died when he was still very young and was taken care of by a wealthy merchant. At 17, poe entered the virginia university and did not finish. Then he wrote and worked as an editor. This kind of working experience gave him a lot of chances to improve himself. he published some poetry and short stories along with working as an editor . He married his 13 year old counsin who died in her twenties. In some way, his wife’s death gave him a lot of inspirations. On October 7, 1849, at age 40, Poe died in Baltimore。

爱伦坡英文介绍PPT

爱伦坡英文介绍PPT

哦，我清楚地记得那是在萧瑟的十二月； 每一团奄奄一息的余烬都形成阴影伏在地板。 我当时真盼望翌日；——因为我已经枉费心机 想用书来消除悲哀——消除因失去丽诺尔的悲叹—— 因那被天使叫作丽诺尔的少女，她美丽娇艳—— 在这儿却默默无闻，直至永远。
And the silken sad uncertain rustling of each purple curtain Thrilled me - filled me with fantastic terrors never felt before; So that now, to still the beating of my heart, I stood repeating `'Tis some visitor entreating evisitor entreating entrance at my chamber door; This it is, and nothing more,'
Ah, distinctly I remember it was in the bleak December, And each separate dying ember wrought its ghost upon the floor. Eagerly I wished the morrow; - vainly I had sought to borrow From my books surcease of sorrow - sorrow for the lost Lenore – For the rare and radiant maiden whom the angels named Lenore – Nameless here for evermore.
Politian (1835) – Poe‗s only play 波利希安 The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket (1838) – Poe's only complete novel 阿· 皮姆的故事 戈· “The Balloon-Hoax‖ (1844) – A journalistic hoax printed as a true story 气球骗局 “The Philosophy of Composition‖ (1846) – Essay 写作的哲学 Eureka: A Prose Poem (1848) – Essay 我发现了：一首散文诗 “The Poetic Principle‖ (1848) – Essay 诗歌原理 "The Light-House" (1849) – Poe's last incomplete work 光之塔

爱伦坡

爱伦坡

The raven

And the raven, never flitting, still is sitting, still is sitting On the pallid bust of Pallas just above my chamber door; And his eyes have all the seeming of a demon's that is dreaming, And the lamp-light o'er him streaming throws his shadow on the floor; And my soul from out that shadow that lies floating on the floor Shall be lifted - nevermore!

Major Themes

1. Love - usually of a mourning man for his deceased beloved. 2. Beauty - of a young woman either dying or dead. 3. Death - a source of horror. 4. the disintegration of the self 5. mental disintegration


长篇小说
《阿瑟·戈登·皮姆的故事》（The Narrative of Arthur
Gordon Pym）

短篇小说
《威廉·威尔逊》（William Wilson） 《人群中的人》（The Man of the Crowd） 《瓶中手稿》（Ms. Found in a Bottle） 《陷坑与钟摆》（The Pit and the Pendulum） 《过早埋葬》（The Premature Burial） 《丽姬亚》（Ligeia） 《泄密的心》（The Tell-Tale Heart） 《黑猫》（The Black Cat） 《莫尔格街凶杀案》（The Murders in the Rue Morgue） 《金甲虫》（The Gold-Bug） 《厄榭府的崩塌》 (The Fall of the House of Usher) 《失窃的信》 （The Purloined Letter) 《一桶白葡萄酒》（The Cask of Amontillado)

edgar allan poe 爱伦坡简介 ppt课件.ppt

edgar allan poe 爱伦坡简介 ppt课件.ppt
service of artistic effect
Page 16
Themes in Poe’s works
Death—predominant theme in Poe’s writing “Poe is not interested in anything alive. Everything in Poe’s writings is dead.”
Edgar Allan Poe 爱伦·坡
(1809—1849)
杜亚芳
A poet, short story writer, and literary critic
Page 2
Poe’s mother
Page 3
Edgar Allan Poe（1809—
1849）埃德加.爱伦.坡
Part I. Life Experience Part II. Major Works Part III.Literary Position Part IV.Appreciation Part ments on Poe
Horror；Hidden evil: Unspeakable, mysterious crimes, including incest and parricide
Maniacal Laughter（crazy） The discovered manuscript
gives responsibility to someone else Deformity（畸形）
【希腊神话】林木女神
月亮女神
【希腊、罗马神话】 那伊阿得(掌管河、泉 的水泽女神)
Page 18
Part ments on Poe
Emerson dismissed him in three words “the jingle man” (打油诗人)，Mark Twain declared his prose to be unreadable. And Whitman was the only famous literary figure present at the Poe Memorial Ceremony in 1875.

爱伦坡-ppt

爱伦坡-ppt

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Detective Story
a Thou Art the Man（你就是凶手）
b The P urloined Letter(被窃之信)
c The Mystery of Marie Roget(玛丽·罗杰 疑案)
d The Murders in the Rue Morgue(莫格 街谋杀案 )
b The Fall of the House of Usher（厄舍古厦的 倒塌）
c The Angel of the Odd（奇怪天使） d The Devil in the Belfry（钟楼魔影） e The Oval Portrait (椭圆形画像） f The Man That Was Used Up（被用光的人） g King Pest （瘟疫王）
爱妻辞世，心伤难愈，晚年孤寂。
病魔缠身，饮恨西归，死因不明。
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II Main Works
❖ Gothic（歌特）story
❖ Detective story
❖ Poetry
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Gothic Story
a The Masque of the Red Death （红死病的假 面舞会）
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The Raven （乌鸦）
It tells of a talking raven's mysterious visit to a distraught lover. The lover, often identified as being a student,12 ,is lamenting the loss of his love, Lenore. The raven seems to further instigate his distress with its constant repetition of the word "Nevermore". The poem makes use of a number of folk and classical references.

美国文学爱伦坡,安娜贝尔李PPT课件

美国文学爱伦坡,安娜贝尔李PPT课件
An unhappy youth: at 17 went to the University of Virginia but did not finish, an appointment to West Point but was dismissed less than a year later.
.
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It was many and many a year ago，
很久很久以前，
In a kingdom by the sea， 在一个滨海的国度里，
That a maiden there lived 住着一位少女你或许认得，
whom you may know
她的芳名叫安娜贝尔.李；
By the name of ANNABEL
就这样，伴着潮水，我整夜躺在 她身旁 我亲爱的——我亲爱的——我的 生命，我的新娘， 在海边那座坟茔里， 在大海边她的墓穴里。
In her tomb by the side of the
sea.
.
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The analysis of Annabel Lee
Edgar Allan Poe 's Annabel Lee describes a sad love story between a maiden and the narrator. With no more than 300 words, the poet reveals his thought of some immortal topics of human beings, such as love, life and death, demon and angel.
.
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Annabel Lee
.
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Allan Poe was the first well-known American writer to try to earn a living through writing alone, resulting in a financially difficult life and career. He was orphaned young and was taken in by John and Frances Allan, but they never formally adopted him. He attended the University of Virginia for one semester but left due to lack of money. His publishing career began humbly, with an anonymous collection of poems, Tamerlane and Other Poems (1827), credited only to "a Bostonian".
Politian (1835) – Poe‗s only play 波利希安 The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket (1838) – Poe's only complete novel 阿· 皮姆的故事 戈· “The Balloon-Hoax‖ (1844) – A journalistic hoax printed as a true story 气球骗局 “The Philosophy of Composition‖ (1846) – Essay 写作的哲学 Eureka: A Prose Poem (1848) – Essay 我发现了：一首散文诗 “The Poetic Principle‖ (1848) – Essay 诗歌原理 "The Light-House" (1849) – Poe's last incomplete work 光之塔
Ah, distinctly I remember it was in the bleak December, And each separate dying ember wrought its ghost upon the floor. Eagerly I wished the morrow; - vainly I had sought to borrow From my books surcease of sorrow - sorrow for the lost Lenore – For the rare and radiant maiden whom the angels named Lenore – Nameless here for evermore.
Poe and his works influenced literature in the United States and around the world, as well as in specialized fields, such as cosmology and cryptography. Poe and his work appear throughout popular culture in literature, music, films, and television. A number of his homes are dedicated museums today.
哦，我清楚地记得那是在萧瑟的十二月； 每一团奄奄一息的余烬都形成阴影伏在地板。 我当时真盼望翌日；——因为我已经枉费心机 想用书来消除悲哀——消除因失去丽诺尔的悲叹—— 因那被天使叫作丽诺尔的少女，她美丽娇艳—— 在这儿却默默无闻，直至永远。
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
And the silken sad uncertain rustling of each purple curtain Thrilled me - filled me with fantastic terrors never felt before; So that now, to still the beating of my heart, I stood repeating `'Tis some visitor entreating entrance at my chamber door – Some late visitor entreating entrance at my chamber door; This it is, and nothing more,'
It takes Poe 4 years to complete ―The Raven‖ Topic of the poem: death: ―the death of a beautiful woman is , unquestionably, the most poetic in the world‖ → a sense of melancholy over the death of a beloved beautiful young woman Mood of the persona: melancholic, sorrowful, even desperate
Poe was a complex person, tormented and alcoholic yet also considerate and humorous, a good friend, and an affectionate husband. Indeed, his painful life, his neurotic attraction to intense beauty, violent horror, and death, and his sense of the world of dreams contributed to his greatness as a writer. Such compelling stories as ―The Masque of the Red Death‖ and ―The Fall of the House of Usher‖ involve the reader in a universe that is at once beautiful and grotesque, real and fantastic.
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Born: January 19, 1809) Boston, Massachusetts, U.S. Died: October 7, 1849) (aged 40) Baltimore, Maryland, U.S. Nationality: American Spouse(s): Virginia Eliza Clemm Poe
―The Black Cat‖ 黑猫 "The Cask of Amontillado"一桶蒙特亚白葡萄酒 “The Fall of the House of Usher‖厄舍古屋的倒塌 “The Gold-Bug‖ 金甲虫 “Hop-Frog‖ 跳蛙 “The Imp of the Perverse‖ 反常之魔 "Ligeia"丽姬娅 “The Masque of the Red Death‖ 红死魔的假面舞会 "The Murders in the Rue Morgue"莫格街谋杀案 A Tale of the Ragged Mountains凹凸山的故事 The Tell-tale Heart泄密的心
The Raven 乌鸦 by Edgar Allan Poe
Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered weak and weary, Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore, While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping, As of some one gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door. `'Tis some visitor,' I muttered, `tapping at my chamber door – Only this, and nothing more.' 从前一个阴郁的子夜，我独自沉思，慵懒疲竭， 沉思许多古怪而离奇、早已被人遗忘的传闻—— 当我开始打盹，几乎入睡，突然传来一阵轻擂， 仿佛有人在轻轻叩击，轻轻叩击我的房门。 “有人来了，”我轻声嘟喃，“正在叩击我的房门—— 唯此而已，别无他般。”
midnight: a time associated with the end of life bleak December: a season associated with the end of life the room: warmed and lighted by ―dying embers‖, associated with the supernatural the purple curtains: a color associated with Funereal custom
His poems (including ―To Helen,‖ ―The Raven,‖ ―The City in the Sea,‖ ―The Bells,‖ and ―Annabel Lee‖) are rich with musical phrases and sensuous, at times frightening, images. Poe was also an intelligent and witty critic who often theorized about the art of writing. The analytical mind he brought to criticism is evident also in his famous stories of ratiocination, notably ―The Murders in the Rue Morgue‖ and ―The Purloined Letter.‖ Poe influenced such diverse authors as Swinburne, Tennyson, Dostoyevsky, Conan Doyle, and the French symbolists.