2019年9月山西省太原市第五中学2020届高三上学期阶段性检测英语答案

2019-2020学年太原市第五中学高三英语上学期期中试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AIn his 402nd anniversary year, Shakespeare is still rightly celebrated as a great language master and writer. But he was not the only great master of play writing to die in 1616, and he is certainly not the only writer to have left a lasting influence on theater.While less known worldwide, Tang Xianzu is considered one of Chinas greatest playwrights and is highly spoken of in that country of ancient literary and dramatic traditions.Tang was born in 1550 inLinchuan,Jiangxiprovince. Unlike Shakespeare's large body of plays,poems and sonnets (十四行诗), Tang wrote only four major plays: The Purple Hairpin, Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》), A Dream under the Southern bough, and Dream of Handan. The latter three were constructed around a dream narrative, a way through which Tang unlocked the emotional dimension of human desires and ambitions and explored human nature beyond the social and political limits of that time.Similar to Shakespeare, Tang's success rode the wave of a renaissance (复兴) in theater as an artistic practice. As in Shakespeare'sEngland, Tang's works became hugely popular inChinatoo. During Tang'sChina, his plays were enjoyed performed, and changed. Kunqu Opera, a form of musical drama, spread from southernChinato the whole nation and became a symbol of Chinese culture. Combining northern tune and southern music, kunqu Opera was known for its poetic language, music, dance movements and gestures. Tang's works benefited greatly from the popularity of kunqu Opera, and his plays are considered classics of kunqu Opera.While Tang and Shakespeare lived in a world away from each other, there are many things they share in common, such e humanity of their drama, their heroic figures, their love for poetic language, a lasting popularity and the anniversary during which we still celebrate them.1. Why is Shakespeare mentioned in the first paragraph?A. To describe Shakespeare's anniversary.B. To introduce the existence of Tang Xianzu.C. To explain the importance of Shakespeare.D. To suggest the less popularity of Tang Xianzu.2. What's possibly one of the main theme of Tang's works?A. Social reality.B. Female dreams.C. Human emotions.D. Political environment.3. What does the author mainly tell us in Paragraph 4?A. The influence of Kunqu Opera on Tang's works.B. Tang's success in copying Shakespeare's styles.C. The way Kunqu Opera became a symbol of Chinese culture.D. Tang's popularity for his poetic language and music.BHowdo you turn “dumb” headphones into smart ones? Rutgers engineers have invented a cheap and easy way by transforming headphones into sensors that can be plugged into (插入) smartphones, identify their users monitor their heart rates and perform other services.Their invention, called HeadFi, is based on a small plug-in headphone adapter that turns a regular headphone into a sensing device (装置). Unlike smart headphones, regular headphones lack sensors. HeadFi would allow users to avoid having to buy a new pairof smart headphones with sensors to enjoy sensing features.“HeadFi could turn hundreds of millions of existing, regular headphones worldwide into intelligent ones with a simple upgrade (升级),” said Xiaoran Fan, a HeadFi primary inventor.A Rutgers-led paper on the invention, which results in "earable intelligence", will be formally published in October at MobiCom 2021, the top international conference on mobile computing and mobile and wireless networking. Headphones are among the most popular wearable devices worldwide and they continue to become; more intelligent as new functions appear, such as touch-based gesture control, the paper notes. Such functions usually rely on aiding sensors, such as accelerometers, gyroscopes and microphones that are availableon many smart headphones.HeadFi turns the two drivers already inside all headphones into a versatile (多功能的) sensor, and it works by connecting headphones to a pairing device, such as a smartphone. It doesn't require adding aiding sensors and avoids changes to headphone hardware or the need to customize headphones, both of which may increase their weight and size. By plugging into HeadFi, a converted headphone can perform sensing tasks and play music at the same time.The engineers conducted experiments with 53 volunteers using 54 pairs of headphones with prices ranging from $2. 99 to $15 ,000. HeadFi can achieve 97. 2 percent to 99. 5 percent accuracy on user identification, 96.8 percent to 99. 2 percent on heart rate monitoring and 97. 7 percent to 99. 3 percent on gesture recognition.4. What does Xiaoran Fan think of HeadFi?A. Secure to operate.B. Simple to use.C. Easy to substitute.D. Convenient to store.5. What can we know about HeadFi according to the text?A. It can't work with headphones alone.B. It actually functions as a versatile sensor.C. It makes headphones larger and heavier than usual.D. It doesn't work when headphones are playing music.6. The figures are listed in the last paragraph mainly to show_________.A. the various functions of HeadFiB. the wide popularity of headphonesC. the great complexity of headphonesD. the excellent performance of HeadFi7. What can be the best title for the text?A. How to Use Headphones AppropriatelyB. Headphones Can Be Upgraded InstantlyC. How to Make Regular Headphones IntelligentD. New Uses Have Been Found in HeadphonesCAge has never been a problem for 16-year-old Thessalonika Arzu-Embry. After all, she’s already got her master’s degree.The North Chicago-area teen started homeschooling at the age of 4. She began having an influence on others soon after. When she was 6 years old, she was an inspirational speaker at an organization called Tabitha House Community Service, which is for people who were forced to leave their homes because of earthquake, flood and other natural disasters.At the age of 11, she graduated from high school and then earned her bachelor’s degree in psychology in 2013. She completed those classes online as she was traveling for church events and leadership meetings.She doesn’t stop there, though. The teen plans to focus on aviation psychology (航空心理学) for her further study, a decision inspired by her father who is a pilot. She grew up around airplanes and took fights all the time. Her goal is to use it to help pilots deal with problems that could have deadly results once the plane takes off — a topic that has been in the news lately. For her, it’s a mix of two of her interests.In her free time, Thessalonika enjoys playing tennis, swimming and being active in her youth group at church.She also has three self-published books, which are on her site. Jump the Education Barrier is written to help students finish college, and in the future aims to help business owners with trends. Her third book The Genius Race is designed to help people to be talents in various areas of life.8. Which of the following is TRUE about Thessalonika?A. When she was 6 years old, she started homeschooling.B. She gained her master’s degree at the age of 11.C. She majored in science and technology.D. In 2013 she got her bachelor’s degree through completing courses online.9. What is her next plan according to the passage?A. Major in aviation psychology.B. Deliver inspiring speeches for church events and leadership meetings.C. Be active in her youth group at church.D. Write another book to help people to be talents.10. Why does she write the book Jump the Education Barrier?A. It aims to help people to be geniuses.B. It is intended to give students a hand to complete college.C. It is designed to arouse people’s awareness of psychology.D. The author hope to share her own experience with others.11. Which ofthe following can be the best title for the text?A. The Story of ThessalonikaB. To be a talentC. Three Published BooksD. HomeschoolingDJake Oldershaw and his daughter Mollie from Birmingham, Britain have asthma (哮喘). Mollie, 11, has required hospital treatment several times while Jake Says he always finds breathing more difficult when there is heavy traffic. Air quality has an enormous impact on their lives and both noticed a marked improvement during the spring lockdown because of the epidemic (疫情). Jake said, “During lockdown there was a noticeable difference in air quality. I didn't suffer any asthmatic attacks during that period. These days you can feel the effects.”However, under current COVID-19 restrictions in the UK this winter, many people probably will have to work from home. The Energy and Climate Intelligence Unit (ECIU) says while emissions (排放) have dropped this yearbecause we've been travelling less and doing less, the expected use ofgas boilers to provide heating and hot water could rise by more than half.Heating accounts for nearly 37% of the UK's total carbon emissions. Modelling by the ECIU suggests a 56% increase in boiler usage this winter resulting in a 12% increase in emissions of carbon. The ECIU says that's enough to offset the last two years' worth of progress on reducing traffic emissions.Jess Ralston, author of the analysis for the ECIU, said, “Working from home and having increased gas use in the home could be really critical for air pollution and also climate change. The way we heat our homes needs to change if we are to get to net zero by 2050.”Jess Ralston said, “The increase in pollution from gas boilers expected this winter provides a graphic illustration (图解) of their forgotten role in air pollution. And it is a role set to continue without practical policies to decarbonize home heating. ”The government is set to publish its Heat and Buildings Decarbonisation Strategy in a few weeks which is expected to give details on plans to try to switch British homes to cleaner sources of heat.12. How did the spring lockdown in the UK affect Jake?A. He was cured of his asthma.B. He had to go to hospital for retreatment.C. He suffered a noticeable difficulty in study.D. He didn't suffer any asthmatic attacks during that period.13. What is concerning the Energy and Climate Intelligence Unit?A. The epidemic will become worse.B. Air pollution will get worse this winter.C. People may have to work from home longer.D. There is less energy for gas boilers in winter.14. What would Jess Ralston agree with?A. People prefer to work from home in winter.B. The government failed to protect the environment.C. People tend to ignore the harmful effect of home heating.D. The climate has suffered a lot from the epidemic this year.15. How to improve air quality during winter according to Jess Ralston?A. A warmer winter season.B. Less and less gas boilers.C. Practical plans from the government.D. Improved awareness of cutting down pollution.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2019-2020学年太原市第五中学高三英语三模试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ASahara Marathon 2021-Around the WorldThe Sahara Marathon is organized by the Saharawi Ministry of Youth and Sports and a group of volunteers from different countries. During the last twenty years, thousands of runners from all continents have traveled to the Algerian desert to live the experience provided by this race and to bond with refugee families. In this unique edition of 2021, the experience will be different. The race will be held in a virtual way and the donations collected through the event will go to the most needy families in the Saharawi Camps of Tindouf.Rules of the 2021 Sahara MarathonParticipationAll those people over 16 years of age (16 included) may take part in this virtual competition, as long as they are correctly registered, both in time and in form. The registered runner must download the Official Sahara Marathon APP to take the race.Distance and TravelThe distance options selectable in the APP are: 5k, 10k, 21k and 42k. As it is a virtual test, it is very important to make sure that the chosen route allows good mobile coverage for the correct functioning of the GPS. RegistrationRegistration has a cost of 15 euros, which includes participation in the race and a donation of 5 euros to refugee families. Participants can, if they choose, purchase the official pack of the test (T-shirt, scar, and bib) for the price of 25 euros.AcceptanceRegistration is personal and non-transferable and implies acceptance of these regulations. Runners who are not registered or run without the APP will not be admitted.1. What can we learn about the 2021 Sahara Marathon?A. It is a big family event.B. It provides a virtual tour.C. It raises money for charity.D. It will be held in the desert.2. How much should a runner pay if he wants to register for the race?A. 15 euros.B. 20 euros.C. 25 euros.D. 40 euros.3. What are runners required to do in the race?A. Choose safe routes.B. Wear casual clothes.C. Run with the official app.D. Transfer registration in time.BSalad plants have already been grown in old sheltersand tunnels. Urban farming is a regular topic of interest at places like the World Economic Forum (WEF) in Davos, where leaders consider whether the world's food system, blamed for causing both obesity and malnutrition, can be fixed. There are already plenty of urban farming projects around the world, particularly in the US, Japan and the Netherlands, from urban fish and plant farms to vertical farming.“It's becoming an expanding industry,” said Richard Ballard, one of the founders of the farm Growing Underground. “There're several other businesses starting up in London in containers, and there are other vertical farms around the country now.”Growing Underground is not a standard farm. The rows of crops could be in almost any tunnel, but these plants are 100 feet below Clapham High Street and show that urban agriculture is, in some cases at least, nota fad. The underground farm has occupied a part of the Second World War air-raid shelters for nearly five years, and Ballard is planning to expand into the rest of the space later this year.Growing Underground supplies herb and salad mixes to grocery shops, supermarkets and restaurants. Being in London creates an advantage, Ballard says, as they can harvest and deliver in an hour.He adds other advantages. Being underground means temperatures never go below 15℃surface greenhouses need to be heated. They can do more harvests: 60 crops a year, compared with about seven in a traditional farm. Electricity to power the lights is a major cost, but the company believes renewable energy will become cheaper.Similar British companies include the Jones Food Company in Lincolnshire, while in the US AeroFarms has several projects in New Jersey, and Edenworks in Brooklyn.4. What do we know about urban farming?A. It leads to a healthier lifestyle.B. It is rarely discussed at the WEF.C. Different farming methods are used.D. Local governments pay efforts to develop it.5. Which of the following best explains "a fad" underlined in Paragraph 3?A. A dream that's easy to realize.B. A field controlled for a long time.C. An approach to a serious problem.D. A fashion that’s popular for a short time.6. What can we learn about the underground farm?A. It is more productive than a traditional farm.B. It provides food directly to the customers.C. Its major products are herbs and salads.D. It uses less energy than a greenhouse.7. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Current food system causes health problemsB. Growing Underground attracts more peopleC. Traditional farming will be replaced soonD. Urban farming isstill thought costly and time-consumingCThe herd of elephants moving north after leaving the Xishuangbanna National Nature Reserve in Yunnan province has drawn widespread public attention, with tens of millions of people following its movement on TV programs and social media platforms.But this is not because it’s the first time wild Asian Elephants have wandered away from their habitat and headed northward, but for only this time the herd has traveled more than 400 kilometers as far as Kunming. Photographs, videos and stories of the herd’s movement have sparked widespread discussions even overseas.However, there is a need to go behind the “cute photos” and the seemingly “fantastic” event and identify the reasons why wild elephants are leaving their habitat, and find ways to establish harmonious human-animal relationship within habitats and the surrounding forests and human settlements. It is important to scientifically mark the limits of the habitats for elephants and other animals in Xishuangbanna and elsewhere in the country for ecological reasons as well.Planting trees is a key and fundamental step toward restoration of nature. Yet long-term investment and a more scientific approach are needed to maintain the remaining forests as well as to extend the forest cover and strengthen conservation.Nevertheless, tree cover alone doesn’t mean a suitable habitat for all animals, for different species need different types of vegetation to survive and breed. The elephant herd in Yunnan is a reminder that we have to scientifically conserve the existing forests and turn them into suitable habitats for different species of animals and birds, which will ultimately benefit humans.More ambitious targets should be set to rebuild or improve the food chain, and measures taken to ensure forest resources help wildlife flourish, in order to establish a harmonious human-animal relationship.Forests around the globe are still shrinking, particularly those in tropical and developing countries. The nextdecade therefore will be extremely important for the world’s forests and wildlife, and China can play a leading role in saving them by better protecting its forests and expanding its forest cover.8. Why has the herd of elephants caused so much public interest?A. There exist heated discussions in the whole country even overseas.B. TV programs and social media platforms want to benefit from them.C. They are the first wild Asian Elephants to leave their natural habitat.D. The elephants has traveled a long distance and lived in harmony with humans.9. What can we infer from the third paragraph about the “fantastic” event?A. More research on the reasons behind the event is required.B. Scientists need to limit the habitats for elephants and other animals.C. People should find ways to have a good relationship with elephants.D. There’s an urgent demand for detailed information about the elephants.10. Which method is provided in the passage to restore nature?A. Expanding the coverage of forest.B. Getting the government’s policy support.C. Bringing up various ways to protect the forests.D. Offering more kinds of vegetation to all animals.11. What does this event of elephants leaving their habitats remind us to do?A. To set more goals to change the food chain.B. To be aware of the situation of the existing forests.C. To realize harmonious coexistence of human and nature.D. To reduce the destruction of the forests around the globe.DOn September 7, 1930, Yuan Longping was born inBeijing. Fluent in English, his mother often read Friedrich Nietzsche's works to him. Influenced by his mother, Yuan Longping liked English,geography and chemistry at school. After graduating from university, he became a teacher in the countryside ofHunanin 1953.With lots of crop failures, nationwide hunger hitChinain the 1960s, making many people live a bad life. Yuan was sad and felt he must do something. Since the climate inHunanwas not friendly to growing wheat. He decided to devote himself to studying how to increase the production of rice, a basic food for over 60 percent of Chinese people. From then on, he began a lifelong connection with rice.Yuan Longping succeeded in growing the world's first high production hybrid rice (杂交水稻) variety in 1973, which could reach a yield of over 500 kg per more than 200 kg than before. For the next four decades, he continued to work on the research of hybrid rice. In 2020, hybrid rice developed by his team achieved 1,500 kg permuin two growing seasons, a new world record.Nowadays, the hybrid rice is grown in almost half ofChina's rice fields and its production accounts for 60 percent of the total rice production inChina. The hybrid rice production is 20 percent more than the common kinds , the yearly increase of which feeds up to 100 million people.In 2019, Yuan Longping, known as the “Father of hybrid rice”, was awarded with Medal of the Republic,China's highest honor.Yuan Longping's biggest dream in life was to develop more hybrid rice varieties, which could be grown all over the world to help solve the global food problem. So far, the hybrid varieties he developed have been grown in over 40 countries, including theUSA,BrazilandIndia.12. What do we know about Yuan Longping according to the text?A. He began to study hybrid rice in 1973.B. He received the highest honor inChinaat 90.C. He ever taught math in the city after graduation.D. He ever hoped Chinese would be free from hunger.13. How does the author mainly show the achievements of Yuan Longping in hybrid rice?A. By listing figures.B. By quoting reports.C. By imagining results.D. By explaining reasons.14. Which of the following best describes Yuan Longping according to the text?A. Patient and honest.B. Energetic and athletic.C. Capable and remarkable.D. Humorous and adventurous.15. What is the text mainly about?A. The life of Yuan Longping.B. The team of Yuan Longping.C. The honor of Yuan Longping.D. The education of Yuan Longping.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

密学校 班级姓名 学号密 封 线 内 不 得 答 题太原五中2019—2020学年度第一学期阶段性检测高 三 英 语(2019.10.9)第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分60分）第一节 （共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分）(A)Many of us know about Russia ’s Lake Baikal from our textbooks, or by listening to Chinese singer Li Jian’s hit song, Lake Baikal. But over the past decade, the world’s deepest freshwater lake has been in the spotlight for an extreme sport.Each March since 2005, about 150 people from around the world sign up for the Baikal Ice Marathon . They come to explore the lake’s breathtaking beauty and challenge themselves in unpredictable conditions.The 26-mile (41. 84-kilometers) journey starts on the lake’s eastern shore. In March, the ice is a meter thick and iron-hard. Runners cross this frozen surface, finishing on the western side of the lake.Known as the “blue eye of Siberia ”, Lake Baikal has exceptionally clear waters. This means its ice is almost perfectly transparent. “Seen from above, a runner on the ice looks as if he or she is jogging through space,” The New York Times noted.Th e landscape might be beautiful, but it’s also harsh. Strong winds blast (侵袭) across the lake and frostbite (冻伤) can occur within half an hour. Runners say the cold climate is what draws them. They want to test their limits.“When you are in such an environment, you don’t have cars around you, you don’t have the noise around. I think these extreme races allow you to be alone with nature,” Alicja Barahona, a 64-year-old runner from the US, told ABC News.The location offers some strange and unique characteristics for this marathon. The finish line is visible from the start. But the endless white offers no progress markers. The race also ends with little fanfare (喧闹). Tourists crowding the ice are mostly addicted to snapping series (自拍) and just ignore the runners.For some runners, the absence of spectators makes the ra ce more challenging, because it’s lonely. They must fight with themselves. “You are alone on Bai kal. It is your race. You are alone with yourself. All you need to do is to defeat yourself,” Veronique Messina, a French runner, told the Telegraph.1. What can we know about the Baikal Ice Marathon from the text?A. It takes runners from the northern end to the southern end of the lake.B. It involves extreme weather and beautiful scenery.C. It attracts more and more participants each year.D. It is about 26 kilometers in length.2. How does the Baikal Ice Marathon differ from other marathons? A. Only men are allowed to run in this race.B. The runners can see the finish line from the start.C. The runners are often distracted by tourists.D. There are many progress markers on the ice.3. What is the most difficult part of the race for Messina? A. Loneliness. B. The long distance. C. The cold climate. D. Noisy surroundings.(B)In 1972, a social worker named Sanjit Bunker Roy founded Barefoot College in Tilonia, Rajasthan. Today the college trains women from villages for six months to build and maintain solar panels and other instruments. Barefoot College also offers education to the younger generation both during the day and at its solar bridge schools that meet by lamplight at night.The philosophy of Barefoot College is largely inspired by the principles of Gandhi, starting with equality beyond caste (种姓), gender or religion. As a matter of fact, women are prioritized (优先考虑) as an underserved population that is essential to bringing villages together. Another central principle of the college is self-reliance, teaching students to support and think for themselves.After the college’s female students have completed their half-year of training, they return to their villages where they wait for solar panel parts to arrive from the college. Once they have all the pieces they need, they construct the panels and begin collecting solar energy. For each village, the college also provides solar lamps. Villagers can, in addition, order parts for other solar-powered devices, such as water heaters and cooking stoves. Once assembled, they and the lamps are powered by the solar panels.The effect on the villages is huge. Before the solar panels and lamps arrived, villagers had only candles to light their homes. This prevented adults from doing serious work at night, and it made studying difficult for children as well. As for physicians, they had difficulty treating patients and performing operations at night because they had to rely on flashlights.Now there is power for not only the electrical appliances that the college provides but also devices like televisions, radios and computers. For the first time, the villagers can even connect to the world through the Internet.密 封 线 内 不 得 答 题4. What does this text explain about the college? A. How it accomplishes its goals. B. How its global efforts are funded. C. How its founder hires employees. D. How it works with the government.5. Which idea is communicated by the college to women? A. They should be more involved in politics. B. They don’t have to depend on others .C. They aren’t educating their daughters enough .D. They focus too much on their communities.6. Which role do the women play after they return to their villages? A. They’re merchants . B. They’re composers . C. They’re technicians . D. They’re journalists .7. In the past, what was hard to provide in villages after dark? A. Dry shelter B. Clean water C. Medical care D. Food supplies(C)Imagine you are opening your own company and want to hire a manager. You have two candidates and they are both capable and experienced, so who would you rather hire: Julia Watson or Shobha Bhattacharva? Chances are that you would prefer Watson, right? But why? “Easy names are evaluated as more familiar, less risky and less dangerous, ” Eryn Newman, a scientist at Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand, told Scientific American. As a result, people with easier names are often assumed to be more trustworthy. This is what Newman and her teammates have found in their recent study.In the experiment, they picked 18 different foreign names, including difficult-to-pronounce ones like Yevgeni Dherzhinsky and easy names like Bodo Wallmeyer. They then attached each name with a statement such as “turtles are deaf” and “giraffes are the only mammals that cannot jump” and asked volunteers whether they thought the claims were true.The results showed that claims connected to easier names were more often ranked as believable than those attributed to difficult names, regardless of what the truth really was. In fact, previous studies have already found that our judgments about products can be affected by their names. For example, we tend to think of a food additive (添加剂) with an easier name as safer and a stock with an easier name as more lucrative (利润丰厚的)，according to Medical Daily.But researchers pointed out that this effect can change depending on where someone comes from. For example, a native British ma n may find “Yevgeni Dherzhinsky” hard to pronounce while Russian people could say it without effort. Newman hopes that this finding can make us better see our biases (偏见). It’s not just unfair to people that we make judgments based on gut feelings (直觉) rather than facts, and it can sometimes have serious consequences.For example, we may choose to believe certain eyewitnesses in court simply because their names sound more trustworthy even if they are actually lying. Or, we may let go of qualified job candidates due to their “difficult” names.Now, if you could make that decision again, would you still prefer Julia Watson to Shobha Bhattacharva?8. What did Newman and her teammates discover in their experiment? A. Volunteers with easier names were more likely to choose true claims.B. A difficult name doesn’t influence the way the volunteers viewed the claims.C. V olunteers trusted claims paired with easy names more often.D. V olunteers trusted claims connected with difficult names.9. The underlined w ords “this effect” in Paragraph 5 refer to the effect ______. A. names have on peoples judgmentsB. gut feelings have on people from different placesC. of decisions made based on factsD. of people ’s biases against certain types of people 10. What can we conclude from the last paragraph?A. We should think twice before we make a decision.B. The harder your name is to pronounce, the more likely it is you will get a job.C. Judging people based on their names may cause serious problems.D. Russian s have less bias against people’s names than the British. 11. What is probably the best title for the text? A. Names Affect ProductsB. Employers Prefer Shobha BhattacharvaC. Difficult Names are TrustworthyD. Easy Names Win Out(D)Many of us have had this experience: we lie down in a bed other than our own, perhaps at a friend’s house or in a hotel room, and find it difficult or impossible to fall asleep. Is it because the bed is uncomfortable? Maybe, but perhaps there can be other reasons.According to a new study published in Current Biology, a significant reason is what the scientists call “first night effect”. They believe that one side of the brain acts as a “night watch” to warn us about potential dangers. It forces us to stay awake on the first night in a new environment. For the study, 35 young volunteers were asked to sleep in a sleep lab for several days. Meanwhile, researchers watched their brain activities.密学校 班级姓名 学号密 封 线 内 不 得 答 题According to the researchers, on their first night, the left brains were more active than the right brains and people had a hard time sleeping. However, left-brain activity decreased as days went by, falling even to the point of complete calm. In this process, the participants got an increasingly better sleep experience.The findings suggest that the different rhythms (5%) of the sides of the brain affect our sleep. When the two sides work differently, the balance between them is broken. Thus, the brain can’t relax and is sensitive to anything strange in the surroundings, just as it is in daytime.“At some level, the brain is continuing to analyze things, even though you are not aware of the ana lysis, ” US professor Jerome Siegel told Smithsonian Magazine. “If something unusual happens --- if a door opens or you hear a key in a lock--- you can be alert, even though the intensity of the stimulus (刺激) is quite low.”More surprisingly, this phenomenon is similar to the way some animals sleep. Whales, dolphins, and many birds can sleep with half of their brain while the other half stays awake, with its corresponding eye staying open.The researchers think that it is the result of evolution, and works to protect us in potentially dangerous environments.If you have ever had what you think is “first night effect”, researchers suggest that you bring your own pillow or sleep in a room similar to your bedroom next time you sleep away from home.12. What did the new study published in Current Biology find?A. A comfortable bed could help people sleep well in a new environment.B. Most people could sleep well in a new environment after the first night.C. Brain activities affected people ’s sleep in a new environment.D. The right brain determined how well people slept in a new environment. 13. What was found out about the volunteers?A. Their left brains were more active on the first night.B. Their right brains became more active as days went by.C. Their right brains kept them awake the whole night.D. They slept better in the sleep lab than at home.14. What do the researchers think makes the brain sensitive to new things? A. The bad sleep experiences people have had. B. The tiredness that people suffer from in daytime. C. The imbalance between the two sides of the brain. D. The strangeness of the things that people come across 15. What do the researchers think of “first night effect” ? A. It has evolved as a way to protect us.B. It’s a characteristic that animals don’t have.C. It’s completely different from the way animals sleep.D. It helps people to get used to new environments quickly.第二节 （共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

2019-2020学年太原市第五中学高三英语第一次联考试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ALocated besideLake Geneva, the Olympic Museum houses more than 10,000 artificial objects and hours of interactive contents highlighting some of the best moments during the Olympics. Here are some of the museum’s most moving moments.The Olympic ParkThe journey through the Olympic Museum begins in the Olympic Park, an 8,000-square-meter outdoor area in front of the museum overlooking Lake Geneva and theAlps. The park contains artwork and sculptures that show respect to the world of sport.The first Olympic SymbolThe “Olympic Rings” flag was designed by Coubertin in 1913. The rings represent the five continents that participate in the Olympics: Africa, Asia,America,AustraliaandEurope. The six color1 s include at least one color1 that is represented on the flag of every country.The StadiumsThe stadiums that host the Olympic Games are as much of a celebration of design as the games are a celebration of sportsmanship. Guests can explore plans and models of Olympic stadiums’ past and present, including one of the games’ most attractive stadiums, the Bird’s Nest from Beijing 2008 Olympics.The Olympic MedalsHave you ever wondered what an Olympic medal looks like? The Olympic Museum has a room that houses every bronze, silver, and gold medal from every Olympic Games dating back to the first modern Olympics of 1896. Each medal design is a unique representation of the year and location in which the games were held.1.Which moment do you see first when exploring the Olympic Museum?A.The Olympic Park.B.The first Olympic Symbol.C.The Stadiums.D.The Olympic Medals.2.What can you do in the section of The Stadiums?A.Celebrate the glory of a sportsman.B.Meet the designers of the stadiums.C.Explore the future stadiums.D.Enjoy the model of the Bird’s Nest.3.In which column of a newspaper may this text appear?A.Entertainment.B.Science.C.Travel.D.Business.BWatching what you eat can be easier said than done, but a recent study shows it might not just be about what's on your plate — it could be about how quickly it disappears.Japanese researchers followed 1,083 adultsfor five years, splitting them into three categories based on how quickly they ate: slow, normal, and fast. They also answered a questionnaire at the beginning of the study, sharing their diet, physical activity, and medical history. In the beginning, none of the volunteers had metabolic syndrome (新陈代谢综合征) - meaning at least three risk factors — which can lead to health problems like heart conditions and diabetes.When the participants reported back five years later 84 had been diagnosed (诊断) with metabolic syndrome — and their eating speed was a major predictor, according to the results in the journal Circulation. The fast eaters were 89 percent more likely to have metabolic syndrome than slow and normal eaters. Just 2.3 percent of slow eaters received the diagnosis, compared to 11.6 percent of fast eaters. But that's not all. Fast eaters also saw more weight gain, larger waistlines, and higher blood sugar levels than slow eaters.The researchers saygobblingmakes it easier not to take notice of fullness before your body has a chance to signal you to stop. “So when people eat fast they are more likely to overeat,” said Takayuki Yamaji, MD, study author and cardiologist at Hiroshima University in Japan in a statement.Previous research backs up the weight benefits of slow eating, too. One study of New Zealand women found fast eaters have higher body-mass indexes (指数), and a Chinese study found that both healthy and fat men ate less when told to chew 40 times instead of 15 times before swallowing. Initial research even suggests chewing your food longer could bum more calories - up to about 1,000 extra every month.4. What are the participants divided by?A. Medical history.B. Health condition.C. Physical activity.D. Eating speed.5. Which may be the result of the study?A. Fast eaters are 4 times more likely to have metabolic syndrome.B. Normal and slow eaters don’t have metabolic illness.C. 89% of fast eaters have higher blood pressure.D. Slow caters are healthier than fast eaters.6. What does the underlined word “gobbling” in Paragraph 4 best mean?A. Tasting slowly.B. Digesting quickly.C. Eating greedily.D. Cooking carefully.7. What does the last paragraph tell us?A. The importance of eating speed.B. The advantage of eating slowly.C. The result of a Chinese study.D. Fast eating and overeating.CDogs are often called as “man's best friend”, MacKenzie, a four-pound Chihuahua（吉娃娃）, was named winner of the 2020 American Hero Dog Competition on October 19, 2020.In its tenth year in 2020 the annual contest is the brainchild of American Humane, the country's first national charitable organization founded for the safety and well-being of animals. Often called the “Oscars for dogs”, the award recognizes dogs who make extremely great contributions to society.The competition of 2020 attracted over 400 entries（参赛者）from across the country. These heroic dogs have gone above the call of duty, saving lives, comforting the ill and aged and reminding us of the powerful, age-old ties between animals and people. While all were impressive, it was tiny MacKenzie who wonthe judges' hearts.MacKenzie's growth was not easy. Born with a mouth disability, she had to be fed through a tube（管子）for the first year of her life. Despite her own struggles, she always seemed to think more of other animals in need. “Never have I seen such a will to live. Though sick, she carefully looked after the baby animals at the rescue（救助）center,” said her caretaker.A life-saving operation performed in 2014 gave MacKenzie the ability to eat independently. The seven-year-old chihuahua is now working for the Mia Foundation, an organization that rescues and nurses animals with inborn disabilities. The chihuahua does an excellent job and has raised various animals. She plays nurse, cleans, comforts and hugs them, acting as their mother and teaching them how to socialize, play and have good manners.In addition to her role as an animal caretaker, MacKenzie also visits schools to educate kids about the importance of accepting physical differences in both animals and people. Her heartwarming and inspiring story makes MacKenzie a worthy receiver ofAmerica's top dog honor.8. What can we infer about the American Hero Dog Competition?A. It was first held in 2010B. It was held to honor caretakers of dogs.C. It takes place every ten years.D. It was started by a charitable organization.9. With what quality did MacKenzie win the award?A. Talent and braveryB. Friendliness and care.C. Courage and selflessness.D. Confidence and independence.10. In which aspect can students benefit from MacKenzie's visits?A. Learning from failures.B. Understanding the disabled.C. Valuing physical health.D. Developing practical ability.11. What's the best title for the text?A. Dogs Are Man's Best Friends.B. Treat Dogs the Way We Want to Be Treated.C. Touching Stories between MacKenzie and PeopleD. 2020 American Hero Dog: A TinyChihuahua.DEvery racehorse has different abilities．Like humans，some are short- distance runners，while others are marathoners．Figuring out which is which and how to pace them can be the difference between failure in the finish and taking the award home．Jockeys（赛马骑师）and trainers have traditionally relied on centuries of experience and data from previous races to plan their races．Amandine Aftalion，a mathematician in Paris，thought she could add to that．Since 2013，she has been analyzing the performances of world champion runners like Usain Bolt．She has found that short-distance runners tend to win when they start strong and gradually slow down toward the finish line．Butin medium-distance races，runners perform better when they start strong，settle down，and finish with a burst of speed．Her model shows how those winning strategies maximize the energy output of muscles reliant on two different pathways：powerful aerobic（有氧的）ones that require oxygen，which can be in limited supply during a race，and anaerobic ones，which don't need oxygen but build up waste products that lead to tiredness．Aftalion wondered which strategy would be best for horses．So she and Quentin Mercier，anothermathematician，took advantage of a new GPS tracking tool inserted in French racing saddles（马鞍）．The two studied patterns in many races at the Chantilly racetracks north of Paris and developed a model that accounted for winning strategies for three different races：a short one(1，300 meters)，a medium one (1,900 meters)，and a slightly longer one (2,100 meters)，all with different starting points on the same track．The model takes into account not just different race distances，but also the size or friction fromthe track surface．The results might surprise jockeys who hold horses back early for bursts of energy in the last finish．Instead，a strong start leads to a better finish，the team found．“That doesn't mean those jockeys are wrong，though．Ifthe start is too strong，it can bedevastatingas well，leaving the horse tired by the end，” Aftalion says．12. What should a runner do to get an award according to the text?A. Make a good start．B. Plan for the race early．C. Run slowly on the starting line．D. Try runningquickly all the time．13. What formed the basis for Aftalion's studying horse race?A The experience and data from previous horse races．B. The benefit of knowing horses' different abilities．C. The success in studying runners' winning strategies．D. The performance of horses on different race distances．14. What does the underlined word“devastating”in the last paragraph mean?A. Boring．B. Damaging．C. Astonishing．D. Puzling．15. What can we infer from the text?A. Runners have the same energy output of muscles．B. Aftalion's findings may help horses to win the race．C. What Jockeys and trainers do makes no sense to horses．D. World champion runners made a contribution to the study．第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

高三第一学期模块诊断英语试题考试时间：100分钟满分：150分注意：本考试严禁使用手机、电子词典或其它电子存储设备，违者按作弊处理。

第I卷（选择题，共90分）第一部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分60分）第一节（共15小题，每题3分，满分45分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A1. A PENGO WATCH CONTROL can help you to .A. repair your TVB. organize your homeworkC. be a James BondD. know what the weather is like2. You can get your Mr. H for .A. ＄499B. ＄299C. ＄199D. ＄993. Where would you be most likely to find the two texts?A. On a notice board.B. In a company brochure.C. On a teenage website.D. In a college newspaper.【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C【解析】本文为应用文。

文章是青少年网站的广告，介绍了两种新科技产品，介绍l了它们独特的功能和优惠的价格，吸引年轻人购买。

.【1题详解】细节理解题。

根据第二则广告中的介绍PENGO WATCH CONTROL的功能的第二条 gives you a daily weather forecast.可知它可以让你知道天气情况。

所以选D。

【2题详解】细节理解题。

根据第一个广告的最后的价格介绍：Originally (最初) sold for $499 NOW ONLY $299,可知以前Mr H是499美元，现在打折只要299美元了，所以选B。

【3题详解】推理判断题。

根据文章第二个广告的最后的句子：for further information，click here.可知这个广告是出自网站。

绝密★启用前山西省太原市第五中学2020届高三年级上学期10月阶段性质量检测英语试题2019年10月9日第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分60分）第一节（共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分）(A)Many of us know about Russia’s Lake Baikal from our textbooks，or by listening to Chinese singer Li Jian’s hit song，Lake Baikal. But over the past decade，the world’s deepest freshwater lake has been in the spotlight for an extreme sport.Each March since 2005，about 150 people from around the world sign up for the Baikal Ice Marathon. They come to explore the lake’s breathtaking beauty and challenge themselves in unpredictable conditions.The 26-mile (41. 84-kilometers) journey starts on the lake’s eastern shore. In March，the ice is a meter thick and iron-hard. Runners cross this frozen surface，finishing on the western side of the lake.Known as the “blue eye of Siberia”，Lake Baikal has exceptionally clear waters. This means its ice is almost perfectly transparent. “Seen from above，a runner on the ice looks as if he or she is jogging through space，” The New York Times noted.The landscape might be beautiful，but it’s also harsh. Strong winds blast (侵袭) across the lake and frostbite (冻伤) can occur within half an hour. Runners say the cold climate is what draws them. They want to test their limits.“When you are in such an environment，you don’t have cars around you，you don’t havethe noise around. I think these extreme races allow you to be alone with nature，”Alicja Barahona，a 64-year-old runner from the US，told ABC News.The location offers some strange and unique characteristics for this marathon. The finish line is visible from the start. But the endless white offers no progress markers. The race also ends with little fanfare (喧闹). Tourists crowding the ice are mostly addicted to snapping series (自拍) and just ignore the runners.For some runners，the absence of spectators makes the race more challenging，because it’s lonely. They must fight with themselves. “You are alone on Baikal. It is your race. You are alone with yourself. All you need to do is to defeat yourself，” Veronique Messina，a French runner，told the Telegraph.1. What can we know about the Baikal Ice Marathon from the text?A. It takes runners from the northern end to the southern end of the lake.B. It involves extreme weather and beautiful scenery.C. It attracts more and more participants each year.D. It is about 26 kilometers in length.2. How does the Baikal Ice Marathon differ from other marathons?A. Only men are allowed to run in this race.B. The runners can see the finish line from the start.C. The runners are often distracted by tourists.D. There are many progress markers on the ice.3. What is the most difficult part of the race for Messina?A. Loneliness.B. The long distance.C. The cold climate.D. Noisy surroundings.12(B)In 1972，a social worker named Sanjit Bunker Roy founded Barefoot College in Tilonia，Rajasthan. Today the college trains women from villages for six months to build and maintain solar panels and other instruments. Barefoot College also offers education to the younger generation both during the day and at its solar bridge schools that meet by lamplight at night.The philosophy of Barefoot College is largely inspired by the principles of Gandhi，starting with equality beyond caste (种姓)，gender or religion. As a matter of fact，women are prioritized (优先考虑) as an underserved population that is essential to bringing villages together. Another central principle of the college is self-reliance，teaching students to support and think for themselves.After the college’s fe male students have completed their half-year of training，they return to their villages where they wait for solar panel parts to arrive from the college. Once they have all the pieces they need，they construct the panels and begin collecting solar energy. For each village，the college also provides solar lamps. Villagers can，in addition，order parts for other solar-powered devices，such as water heaters and cooking stoves. Once assembled，they and the lamps are powered by the solar panels.The effect on the villages is huge. Before the solar panels and lamps arrived，villagers had only candles to light their homes. This prevented adults from doing serious work at night，and it made studying difficult for children as well. As for physicians，they had difficulty treating patients and performing operations at night because they had to rely on flashlights.Now there is power for not only the electrical appliances that the college provides but also devices like televisions，radios and computers. For the first time，the villagers can even connect to the world through the Internet. 4. What does this text explain about the college?A. How it accomplishes its goals.B. How its global efforts are funded.C. How its founder hires employees.D. How it works with the government.5. Which idea is communicated by the college to women?A. They should be more involved in politics.B. They don’t have to depend on others.C. They aren’t educating their daughters enough.D. They focus too much on their communities.6. Which role do the women play after they return to their villages?A. They’re merchants.B. They’re composers.C. They’re technicians.D. They’re journalists.7. In the past，what was hard to provide in villages after dark?A. Dry shelterB. Clean waterC. Medical careD. Food supplies(C)Imagine you are opening your own company and want to hire a manager. You have two candidates and they are both capable and experienced，so who would you rather hire: Julia Watson or Shobha Bhattacharva? Chances are that you would prefer Watson，right? But why?“Easy names are evaluated as more familiar，less risky and less dangerous，”Eryn Newman，a scientist at Victoria University of Wellington，New Zealand，told Scientific American. As a result，people with easier names are often assumed to be more trustworthy.。

太原五中2019—2020学年度第一学期阶段性检测高三英语(2019.10.9)第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分60分）第一节（共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分）(A)Many of us know about Russia’s Lake Baikal from our textbooks, or by list ening to Chinese singer Li Jian’s hit song, Lake Baikal. But over the past decade, the world’s deepest freshwater lake has been in the spotlight for an extreme sport.Each March since 2005, about 150 people from around the world sign up for the Baikal Ice Marathon. They come to explore the lake’s breathtaking beauty and challenge themselves in unpredictable conditions.The 26-mile (41. 84-kilometers) journey starts on the lake’s eastern shore. In March, the ice is a meter thick and iron-hard. Runners cross this frozen surface, finishing on the western side of the lake.Known as the “blue eye of Siberia”, Lake Baikal has exceptionally clear waters. This means its ice is almost perfectly transparent. “Seen from above, a runner on the ice looks as if he or she is jogging through space,” The New York Times noted.The landscape might be beauti ful, but it’s also harsh. Strong winds blast (侵袭) across the lake and frostbite (冻伤) can occur within half an hour. Runners say the cold climate is what draws them. They want to test their limits.“When you are in such an environment, you don’t have cars around you, you don’t have the noise around. I think these extreme races allow you to be alone with nature,” Alicja Barahona, a 64-year-old runner from the US, told ABC News.The location offers some strange and unique characteristics for this marathon. The finish line is visible from the start. But the endless white offers no progress markers. The race also ends with little fanfare (喧闹). Tourists crowding the ice are mostly addicted to snapping series (自拍) and just ignore the runners.For some runners, the absence of spectators makes the ra ce more challenging, because it’s lonely. They must fight with themselves. “You are alone on Bai kal. It is your race. You are alone with yourself. All you need to do is to defeat yourself,” Veronique Messina, a French runner, told the Telegraph.1. What can we know about the Baikal Ice Marathon from the text?A. It takes runners from the northern end to the southern end of the lake.B. It involves extreme weather and beautiful scenery.C. It attracts more and more participants each year.D. It is about 26 kilometers in length.2. How does the Baikal Ice Marathon differ from other marathons?A. Only men are allowed to run in this race.B. The runners can see the finish line from the start.C. The runners are often distracted by tourists.D. There are many progress markers on the ice.3. What is the most difficult part of the race for Messina?A. Loneliness.B. The long distance.C. The cold climate.D. Noisy surroundings.(B)In 1972, a social worker named Sanjit Bunker Roy founded Barefoot College in Tilonia, Rajasthan. Today the college trains women from villages for six months to build and maintain solar panels and other instruments. Barefoot College also offers education to the younger generation both during the day and at its solar bridge schools that meet by lamplight at night.The philosophy of Barefoot College is largely inspired by the principles of Gandhi, starting with equality beyond caste (种姓), gender or religion. As a matter of fact, women are prioritized (优先考虑) as an underserved population that is essential to bringing villages together. Another central principle of the college is self-reliance, teaching students to support and think for themselves.After the college’s female students have completed their half-year of training, they return to their villages where they wait for solar panel parts to arrive from the college. Once they have all the pieces they need, they construct the panels and begin collecting solar energy. For each village, the college also provides solar lamps. Villagers can, in addition, order parts for other solar-powered devices, such as water heaters and cooking stoves. Once assembled, they and the lamps are powered by the solar panels.The effect on the villages is huge. Before the solar panels and lamps arrived, villagers had only candles to light their homes. This prevented adults from doing serious work at night, and it made studying difficult for children as well. As for physicians, they had difficulty treating patients and performing operations at night because they had to rely on flashlights.Now there is power for not only the electrical appliances that the college provides but also devices like televisions, radios and computers. For the first time, the villagers can even connect to the world through the Internet.4. What does this text explain about the college?A. How it accomplishes its goals.B. How its global efforts are funded.C. How its founder hires employees.D. How it works with the government.5. Which idea is communicated by the college to women?A. They should be more involved in politics.B. They don’t have to depend on others.C. They aren’t educating their daughters enough.D. They focus too much on their communities.6. Which role do the women play after they return to their villages?A. They’re merchants.B. They’re composers.C. They’re technicians.D. They’re journalists.7. In the past, what was hard to provide in villages after dark?A. Dry shelterB. Clean waterC. Medical careD. Food supplies(C)Imagine you are opening your own company and want to hire a manager. You have two candidates and they are both capable and experienced, so who would you rather hire: Julia Watson or Shobha Bhattacharva?Chances are that you would prefer Watson, right? But why?“Easy names are evaluated as more familiar, less risky and less dangerous, ”Eryn Newman, a scientist at Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand, told Scientific American. As a result, people with easier names are often assumed to be more trustworthy. This is what Newman and her teammates have found in their recent study.In the experiment, they picked 18 different foreign names, including difficult-to-pronounce ones like Yevgeni Dherzhinsky and easy names like Bodo Wallmeyer. They then attached each name with a statement such as “turtles are deaf” and “giraffes are the only mammals that cannot jump”and asked volunteers whether they thought the claims were true.The results showed that claims connected to easier names were more often ranked as believable than those attributed to difficult names, regardless of what the truth really was. In fact, previous studies have already found that our judgments about products can be affected by their names. For example, we tend to think of a food additive (添加剂) with an easier name as safer and a stock with an easier name as more lucrative (利润丰厚的)，according to Medical Daily.But researchers pointed out that this effect can change depending on where someone comes from. For example, a native British ma n may find “Yevgeni Dherzhinsky” hard to pronounce while Russian people could say it without effort. Newman hopes that this finding can make us better see our biases (偏见). It’s not just unfair to people that we make judgments based on gut feelings (直觉) rather than facts, and it can sometimes have serious consequences.For example, we may choose to believe certain eyewitnesses in court simply because their names sound more trustworthy even if they are actually lying. Or, we may let go of qualified job candidates due to their “difficult” names.Now, if you could make that decision again, would you still prefer Julia Watson to Shobha Bhattacharva?8. What did Newman and her teammates discover in their experiment?A. Volunteers with easier names were more likely to choose true claims.B. A difficult name doesn’t influence the way the volunteers viewed the claims.C. V olunteers trusted claims paired with easy names more often.D. V olunteers trusted claims connected with difficult names.9. The underlined w ords “this effect” in Paragraph 5 refer to the effect ______.A. names have on peoples judgmentsB. gut feelings have on people from different placesC. of decisions made based on factsD. of people’s biases against certain types of people10. What can we conclude from the last paragraph?A. We should think twice before we make a decision.B. The harder your name is to pronounce, the more likely it is you will get a job.C. Judging people based on their names may cause serious problems.D. Russian s have less bias against people’s names than the British.11. What is probably the best title for the text?A. Names Affect ProductsB. Employers Prefer Shobha BhattacharvaC. Difficult Names are TrustworthyD. Easy Names Win Out(D)Many of us have had this experience: we lie down in a bed other than our own, perhaps at a friend’s house or in a hotel room, and find it difficult or impossible to fall asleep. Is it because the bed is uncomfortable? Maybe, but perhaps there can be other reasons.According to a new study published in Current Biology, a significant reason is what the scientists call “first night effect”. They believe that one side of the brain acts as a “night watch” to warn us about potential dangers. It forces us to stay awake on the first night in a new environment. For the study, 35 young volunteers were asked to sleep in a sleep lab for several days. Meanwhile, researchers watched their brain activities.According to the researchers, on their first night, the left brains were more active than the right brains and people had a hard time sleeping. However, left-brain activity decreased as days went by, falling even to the point of complete calm. In this process, the participants got an increasingly better sleep experience.The findings suggest that the different rhythms (5%) of the sides of the brain affect our sleep. When the two sides work differently, the balance between them is broken. Thus, the brain can’t relax and is sensitive to anything strange in the surroundings, just as it is in daytime.“At some level, the brain is continuing to analyze things, even though you are not aware of the analysis, ” US professor Jerome Siegel told Smithsonian Magazine. “If something unusual happens --- if a door opens or you hear a key in a lock--- you can be alert, even though the intensity of the stimulus (刺激) is quite low.”More surprisingly, this phenomenon is similar to the way some animals sleep. Whales, dolphins, and many birds can sleep with half of their brain while the other half stays awake, with its corresponding eye staying open.The researchers think that it is the result of evolution, and works to protect us in potentially dangerous environments.If you have ever had what you think is “first night effect”, researchers suggest that you bring your own pillow or sleep in a room similar to your bedroom next time you sleep away from home.12. What did the new study published in Current Biology find?A. A comfortable bed could help people sleep well in a new environment.B. Most people could sleep well in a new environment after the first night.C. Brain activities affected people’s sleep in a new environment.D. The right brain determined how well people slept in a new environment.13. What was found out about the volunteers?A. Their left brains were more active on the first night.B. Their right brains became more active as days went by.C. Their right brains kept them awake the whole night.D. They slept better in the sleep lab than at home.14. What do the researchers think makes the brain sensitive to new things?A. The bad sleep experiences people have had.B. The tiredness that people suffer from in daytime.C. The imbalance between the two sides of the brain.D. The strangeness of the things that people come across15. What do the researchers think of “first night effect” ?A. It has evolved as a way to protect us.B. It’s a characteristic that animals don’t have.C. It’s completely different from the way animals sleep.D. It helps people to get used to new environments quickly.第二节（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

太原五中2019—2020学年度第一学期阶段性检测高三英语出题人、校题人：史海玲荆晋慧张旭军王轶芳郝媛(2019.10.9)第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分60分）第一节（共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分）(A)Many of us know about Russia’s Lake Baikal from our textbooks, or by listening to Chinese singer Li Jian’s hit song, Lake Baikal. But over the past decade, the world’s deepest freshwater lake has been in the spotlight for an extreme sport.Each March since 2005, about 150 people from around the world sign up for the Baikal Ice Marathon. They come to explore the lake’s breathtaking beauty and challenge themselves in unpredictable conditions.The 26-mile (41. 84-kilometers) journey starts on the lake’s eastern shore. In March, the ice is a meter thick and iron-hard. Runners cross this frozen surface, finishing on the western side of the lake.Known as the “blue eye of Siberia”, Lake Baikal has exceptionally clear waters. This means its ice is almost perfectly transparent. “Seen from above, a runner on the ice looks as if he or she is jogging through space,” The New York Times noted.Th e landscape might be beautiful, but it’s also harsh. Strong winds blast (侵袭) across the lake and frostbite (冻伤) can occur within half an hour. Runners say the cold climate is what draws them. They want to test their limits.“When you are in such an environment, you don’t have cars around you, you don’t have the noise around. I think these extreme races allow you to be alone with nature,”Alicja Barahona, a 64-year-old runner from the US, told ABC News.The location offers some strange and unique characteristics for this marathon. The finish line is visible from the start. But the endless white offers no progress markers. The race also ends with little fanfare (喧闹). Tourists crowding the ice are mostly addicted to snapping series (自拍) and just ignore the runners.For some runners, the absence of spectators makes the ra ce more challenging, because it’s lonely. They must fight with themselves. “You are alone on Bai kal. It is your race. You are alone with yourself. All you need to do is to defeat yourself,” Veronique Messina, a French runner, told the Telegraph.1. What can we know about the Baikal Ice Marathon from the text?A. It takes runners from the northern end to the southern end of the lake.B. It involves extreme weather and beautiful scenery.C. It attracts more and more participants each year.D. It is about 26 kilometers in length.2. How does the Baikal Ice Marathon differ from other marathons?A. Only men are allowed to run in this race.B. The runners can see the finish line from the start.C. The runners are often distracted by tourists.D. There are many progress markers on the ice.3. What is the most difficult part of the race for Messina?A. Loneliness.B. The long distance.C. The cold climate.D. Noisy surroundings.(B)In 1972, a social worker named Sanjit Bunker Roy founded Barefoot College in Tilonia, Rajasthan. Today the college trains women from villages for six months to build and maintain solar panels and other instruments. Barefoot College also offers education to the younger generation both during the day and at its solar bridge schools that meet by lamplight at night.The philosophy of Barefoot College is largely inspired by the principles of Gandhi, starting with equality beyond caste (种姓), gender or religion. As a matter of fact, women are prioritized (优先考虑) as an underserved population that is essential to bringing villages together. Another central principle of the college is self-reliance, teaching students to support and think for themselves.After the college’s female students have completed their half-year of training, they return to their villages where they wait for solar panel parts to arrive from the college. Once they have all the pieces they need, they construct the panels and begin collecting solar energy. For each village, the college also provides solar lamps. Villagers can, in addition, order parts for other solar-powered devices, such as water heaters and cooking stoves. Once assembled, they and the lamps are powered by the solar panels.The effect on the villages is huge. Before the solar panels and lamps arrived, villagers had only candles to light their homes. This prevented adults from doing serious work at night, and it made studying difficult for children as well. As for physicians, they had difficulty treating patients and performing operations at night because they had to rely on flashlights.Now there is power for not only the electrical appliances that the college provides but also devices like televisions, radios and computers. For the first time, the villagers can even connect to the world through the Internet.4. What does this text explain about the college?A. How it accomplishes its goals.B. How its global efforts are funded.C. How its founder hires employees.D. How it works with the government.5. Which idea is communicated by the college to women?A. They should be more involved in politics.B. They don’t have to depend on others.C. They aren’t educating their daughters enough.D. They focus too much on their communities.6. Which role do the women play after they return to their villages?A. They’re merchants.B. They’re composers.C. They’re technicians.D. They’re journalists.7. In the past, what was hard to provide in villages after dark?A. Dry shelterB. Clean waterC. Medical careD. Food supplies(C)高三英语第3页(共22页)高三英语第4页(共22页)Imagine you are opening your own company and want to hire a manager. You have two candidates and they are both capable and experienced, so who would you rather hire: Julia Watson or Shobha Bhattacharva? Chances are that you would prefer Watson, right? But why?“Easy names are evaluated as more familiar, less risky and less dangerous, ” Eryn Newman, a scientist at Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand, told Scientific American. As a result, people with easier names are often assumed to be more trustworthy. This is what Newman and her teammates have found in their recent study.In the experiment, they picked 18 different foreign names, including difficult-to-pronounce ones like Yevgeni Dherzhinsky and easy names like Bodo Wallmeyer. They then attached each name with a statement such as “turtles are deaf” and “giraffes are the only mammals that cannot jump”and asked volunteers whether they thought the claims were true.The results showed that claims connected to easier names were more often ranked as believable than those attributed to difficult names, regardless of what the truth really was. In fact, previous studies have already found that our judgments about products can be affected by their names. For example, we tend to think of a food additive (添加剂) with an easier name as safer and a stock with an easier name as more lucrative (利润丰厚的)，according to Medical Daily.But researchers pointed out that this effect can change depending on where someone comes from. For example, a native British ma n may find “Yevgeni Dherzhinsky” hard to pronounce while Russian people could say it without effort. Newman hopes that this finding can make us better see our biases (偏见). It’s not just unfair to people that we make judgments based on gut feelings (直觉) rather than facts, and it can sometimes have serious consequences.For example, we may choose to believe certain eyewitnesses in court simply because their names sound more trustworthy even if they are actually lying. Or, we may let go of qualified job candidates due to their “difficult” names.Now, if you could make that decision again, would you still prefer Julia Watson to Shobha Bhattacharva?8. What did Newman and her teammates discover in their experiment?A. V olunteers with easier names were more likely to choose true claims.B. A difficult name doesn’t influence the way the volunteers viewed the claims.C. V olunteers trusted claims paired with easy names more often.D. Volunteers trusted claims connected with difficult names.9. The underlined w ords “this effect” in Paragraph 5 refer to the effect ______.A. names have on peoples judgmentsB. gut feelings have on people from different placesC. of decisions made based on factsD. of people’s biases against certain types of people10. What can we conclude from the last paragraph?A. We should think twice before we make a decision.B. The harder your name is to pronounce, the more likely it is you will get a job.C. Judging people based on their names may cause serious problems.D. Russian s have less bias against people’s names than the British.11. What is probably the best title for the text?A. Names Affect ProductsB. Employers Prefer Shobha BhattacharvaC. Difficult Names are TrustworthyD. Easy Names Win Out(D)Many of us have had this experience: we lie down in a bed other than our own, perhaps at a friend’s house or in a hotel room, and find it difficult or impossible to fall asleep. Is it because the bed is uncomfortable? Maybe, but perhaps there can be other reasons.According to a new study published in Current Biology, a significant reason is what the scientists call “first night effect”. They believe that one side of the brain acts as a “night watch”to warn us about potential dangers. It forces us to stay awake on the first night in a new environment. For the study, 35 young volunteers were asked to sleep in a sleep lab for several days. Meanwhile, researchers watched their brain activities.According to the researchers, on their first night, the left brains were more active than the right brains and people had a hard time sleeping. However, left-brain activity decreased as days went by, falling even to the point of complete calm. In this process, the participants got an increasingly better sleep experience.The findings suggest that the different rhythms (5%) of the sides of the brain affect our sleep. When the two sides work differently, the balance between them is broken. Thus, the brain can’t relax and is sensitive to anything strange in the surroundings, just as it is in daytime.“At some level, the brain is continuing to analyze things, even though you are not aware of the ana lysis, ”US professor Jerome Siegel told Smithsonian Magazine. “If something unusual happens --- if a door opens or you hear a key in a lock--- you can be alert, even though the intensity of the stimulus (刺激) is quite low.”More surprisingly, this phenomenon is similar to the way some animals sleep. Whales, dolphins, and many birds can sleep with half of their brain while the other half stays awake, with its corresponding eye staying open.The researchers think that it is the result of evolution, and works to protect us in potentially dangerous environments.If you have ever had what you think is “first night effect”, researchers suggest that you bring your own pillow or sleep in a room similar to your bedroom next time you sleep away from home.12. What did the new study published in Current Biology find?A. A comfortable bed could help people sleep well in a new environment.B. Most people could sleep well in a new environment after the first night.C. Brain activities affected people’s sleep in a new environment.D. The right brain determined how well people slept in a new environment.13. What was found out about the volunteers?A. Their left brains were more active on the first night.B. Their right brains became more active as days went by.C. Their right brains kept them awake the whole night.D. They slept better in the sleep lab than at home.14. What do the researchers think makes the brain sensitive to new things?A. The bad sleep experiences people have had.B. The tiredness that people suffer from in daytime.C. The imbalance between the two sides of the brain.D. The strangeness of the things that people come across高三英语第7页(共22页)高三英语第8页(共22页)15. What do the researchers think of “first night effect” ?A. It has evolved as a way to protect us.B. It’s a characteristic that animals don’t have.C. It’s completely different from the way animals sleep.D. It helps people to get used to new environments quickly.第二节（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

密学校 班级姓名 学号密 封 线 内 不 得 答 题太原五中2019—2020学年度第一学期阶段性检测高 三 英 语(2019.9.5)第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分60分）第一节 （共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A 、B 、C 和D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

AWe all want to learn something new every day. However, most of us get wrapped upin busy distractions throughout the day so that we can never find the time to learn the new skill we want. Luckily, there is a better solution. Instead of using our time to sit through long lectures, we can take advantage of all the amazing websites that can help us learn a new skill in 30 minutes or less. ·SkillshareTopics: design, software tools, photograph, cookingTen dollars per month gets you access to bite-sized, on-demand courses taught by leading experts like Gary Vaynerchuk, Guy Kawasaki, and more. ·RyreTopics: foreign languagesAre you “too busy ” to learn a language? Meet Ryre, your personal trainer for languages. Get unlimited one-on-one private language lessons with professional teachers around the world. Each lesson is just 30 minutes, allowing you to fit learning a language into your busy lifestyle. You can try it free for 14-days and see for yourself. ·HackadayTopics: life hacks, productivityThis website delivers tips to make your life better and more productive. Just 5 minutes a day is all you need to learn new life hacks to improve your lifestyle. ·7-minTopics: health & fitnessMost of us aren ’t in the shape that we want to be because of the lack of time we have. Putting our workout clothes on, driving to the gym, and driving back can take up much of our time. However, in just 7 minutes, this website will go through dozens of routines to get you in shape and ready for the day ahead. ·Big ThinkTopics: technology, science, lifeLearn from the world ’s experts about scientific breakthroughs, revolutionary business concepts, and more in short, chunk-sized videos.1. Which of the following skills takes the longest time for each lesson? A. Foreign languages. B. Life hacks. C. Health & Fitness. D. Technology.2. Which website can tell you how to work more effectively?A. Skillshare.B. Hackaday.C. 7-min.D. Big Think. 3. Which is true about the websites mentioned in the text? A. They are free. B. They are expensive. C. They are instructive. D.They are meant for students.BRecently, I noticed that my three-year-old daughter Ula had difficulty seeing the pictures in her books. We took her to a doctor, and an hour later, I was told that she needed glasses.Ula disagreed. The first pair had various pieces broken off them in less than a week, and subsequent (随后的) pairs went missing or were broken.Ula needs glasses. With them, she can find food with her fork, put together puzzles, and enjoy her books. However, I am convinced that Ula came into our family with the purpose of teaching us the meaning of free will.I received a letter from my friend recently that really drove this point home.Marie and her husband both chose to give up their conventional careers, raising their daughters with no electrical items except lights and a radio. They managed to raise their family on a very low income, making ends meet through part-time work.Both daughters were home-schooled, and completed college through distance learning programs.Now ready to make her own path in life, the eldest, Angelica, is armed with many skills and grew up learning how to live on very little.She found a boyfriend, and as the relationship progressed, the couple decided to move in together. Eventually, Angelica began questioning the value of her unique lifestyle, and then the young man urged her to “get a real job”.Fully aware that similar struggles might lie in Ula’s future, I shared my friend’s worry in wondering what her daughter would do.We all try to raise our children with the skills to require little from others, and to honor their heart, relationships, and creativity.But as Ula has taught me, there’s little we can do if our kids refuse our guidance. We must know that we’ve shown our children that they don’t have to choose the same path aseveryone else. We must know in our hearts that we have lived our ideals, which we have demonstrated is possible in a way that is true to our souls. The rest is up to them.And that seems to have worked in Marie’s case. Just before moving in with her boyfriend, Angelica spent two weeks considering his “get a real job” suggestion. Then she ended the relationship.4.What can we learn from the first three paragraphs?A.Ula didn’t feel like wearing glasses.B.Ula enjoyed playing with her glasses.C.The author has learned the significance of freedom.D.The author got angry when Ula damaged her glasses.5.How was Angelica brought up?A.She grew up in a rich family.B.Her parents were strict with her.C.Her parents taught her how to live a simple life.D.She was expected to take a conventional job.6.Angelica broke up with her boyfriend probably because_________.A.her parents strongly advised her toB.they had different education experiencesC.she was dissatisfied with his life skillsD.she preferred to stick to her own lifestyle7.The author wrote this article mainly to ________.A.tell parents that th ey should respect their kids’ free willB.explore ways to deal with kids refusing guidanceC.show that the way one is raised has strong effectsD.encourage people to take different paths from othersCHave you ever said to a friend “That rose’s scent is really sweet!”, only to find that your friend can’t smell anything at all?According to a study published in the journal PNAS in May, people have different abilities to detect certain odors (气味) —and it is linked to different genes.For the study, 300 people were placed among 150 jars with different odors. At a given time, they had to smell an odor and then rate the intensity and pleasantness of the odor on a scale from 1 (extremely weak / unpleasant) to 7 (extremely strong / pleasant). Before they left, the participants needed to leave a blood sample.After comparing genes of the participants, researchers found all had different smelling abilities and that the differences between these abilities could be traced to certain genes.According to The New York Times, human beings have nearly 400 genes that directly control olfactory (嗅觉的) receptor (受体) and influence the way these receptor become active.“Odors... turn on specific detectors, and this pattern of activation (触发) tells us if we are smelling a flower, how strong we find it, and whether we like it,” said Casey Trimmer, a geneticist and the lead author of the study. “One small change in the gene for the receptor can change its shape and how well the odor fits, thereby changing perception of the odor.”Though genes play a crucial role in our ability to smell, other factors, including interest, past associations and expectations, are important as well. For example, if we love the scent of roses, we are drawn to their scent and pay special attention to it.But what does our different abilities to detect odors mean?“Olfaction is the most important sense for the rest of the animal kingdom,”said Trimmer. Although, unlike other animals, humans aren’t any longer dependent on their sense of smell to find food or detect danger, smell is still a significant sense. There is also evidence that a reduced sense of smell is an early symptom of Alzheimer’s disease.8.What did the study find about smelling?A.Men and women have different smelling abilities.B.Differences between smelling abilities lie in the genes.C.Human beings can tell 150 odors apart.D.People’s abilities to smell change over time.9.What is Trimmer’s message?A.Our receptors turn off when we smell an unpleasant smell.B.People’s preferences for smells can affect their health.C.Small changes in the gene for smelling can make a big difference.D.The sense of smell is the most important human sense.10.According to the text, which might influence our smelling abilities?a. other sensesb. the environmentc. past experiencesd. attentionA.abB. bcC. bdD. cd11.What can we learn from the last paragraph?A.Human beings have a better sense of smell than other animals.B.Smell is still an important sense in detecting danger.C.The loss of sense of smell causes many health problems.D.Poor smelling ability may be an early sign of some disease.DFirst the robots came for our jobs. Now they are coming for our hobbies. Google’s密学校 班级姓名 学号密 封 线 内 不 得 答 题DeepMind AI lab has been busy in the past few years, creating programs to take on human players across a variety of games. In 2016 its AIphaGo beat the best of Go player in the world. Earlier this year, its Alpha Star defeated two middle-tier players at the popular online game StarCraft II. Now it is learning to win at multi-player games.“Artificially intelligent agents are getting better and better at two-player games, but most real-world endeavors require teamwork,” DeepMind ’s researchers wrote in a paper published in Science in June.To be sure, computers have been proving their dominance over humans in one-on-one turn-based games such as chess ever since IBM ’s Deep Blue beat Russian chess master Garry Kasparov in 1997.However, successfully using teamwork to win in multi-player games with complex environments was difficult to achieve.For this purpose, DeepMind ’s researchers designed AI agents that taught themselves how to play first-person game Quake III Arena. The team, led by Max Jaderberg, worked on a modified version of Quake III Arena.The game mode they chose was “Capture (抢) the Flag ”. All the players must work together to steal the other team ’s flag while safeguarding their own.The AI agents “trained ” with 12 hours of game data, and then matched up against professional game testers. The programmers used various kinds of “rewards ” to help the AI players weigh their goals and actions to help them cooperate in the teamwork. They also used randomized maps for each new match. The AI won 75 percent of the time, even when its reaction time artificially slowed down to human levels and when their aiming ability was similarly reduced.“That means the solutions that the agents find have to be general —they cannot just memorize a sequence of actions,” said co-author Wojciech Czarnecki.The only time humans were able to beat AI agents was when they teamed up together. A team consisting of one human and one AI agent had a five percent greater win probability than a team of just AI agents.Ethan Gach said at the video game news website Kotaku, “It suggests that the AI program is able to well adapt to playing with non-AI teammates.” In the near future, AI may cooperate with human beings in some other fields, such as medicine and other branches of science.12. What might be the tough task for AI agents in multi-player games? A. Understanding the rules.B. Cooperating with other players.C. Memorizing complex actions.D. Increasing reaction speed.13. What does the underlined word “dominance ” in Paragraph 3 mean?A. Balance.B. Adaptation.C. Control.D. Advantage. 14. How did the researchers of Google ’s DeepMind train AI agents? A. They gave various “punishments ” when AI agents lost the games. B. They made AI agents team up with amateur human players. C. They limited the time for AI agents to complete difficult tasks. D. They put them through different games with various tasks. 15. What can we infer from the passage?A. AI players perform better than humans in a team game.B. AI programs should be offered more game data.C. AI program is able to do well with human players.D. AI programs have been successfully applied in the field of medicine.第二节 （共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

2019-2020学年太原市第五实验中学高三英语第一次联考试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AWashingtonD.C.SightseeingWith the information below, you’re not missing anything in D.C.! Click Here to find the perfect hotel for your stay as well.TheOldTownTrolley TourIt offers something for the whole family. Not only will it give them something fun to do, but it will give them a history lesson. This tour will last about three hours and it’s proper for people of all ages.African American History TourBe sure to take this tour because African Americans have had an important role in the making of our country. Take this historical four-hour tour, where you will visit some important sites includingMuseumofAfrican American Historyand Culture.Comedy WalksWashingtonD.C.This is a great experience allowing you to enjoy the capital in a new way. The walking tour lasts for about one hour and thirty minutes, which takes place in less than a mile journey from the starting place.D.C. Twilight TourCheck out the D.C. Twilight Tour for a unique view of some of the most famous sites! What makes this two-hour guided tour truly unique is that you can view many wonderful sites at night time!1. Which tour is recommended to a tourist who is fond of hiking?A. TheOldTownTrolley TourB. African American History TourC. Comedy WalksWashingtonD.C. D. D.C. Twilight Tour2. Which tour lasts longest?A. TheOldTownTrolley TourB. African American History TourC. Comedy WalksWashingtonD.C. D. D.C. Twilight Tour3. Where will you read this text most likely?A. In a guidebook.B. In a magazine.C. In a newspaper.D. On the Internet.BWhether for a special holiday, as a way of showing gratitude or just a way of letting someone know you care, gift giving is a universal custom Though the purpose may be similar from place to place, traditions vary widely from one country to the next. A behavior that shows respect in one place might be consideredoffensivesomewhere else. Take a look at unique gifting traditions from around the world.Here in theUS, a set of kitchen knives seems like the perfect gift idea for a wedding. However, in certain European countries likeGermany, people believe that a knife presented as a gift will cut off your friendship. There is a way to break it: Tie a coin to the knife or gift box. The receiver then returns the coin to you as a “payment”to remove the bad luck.There's a well-known Italian wedding tradition where the groom's (新郎) tie is cut into a number of tiny pieces. Wedding guests can then "buy” these tie pieces in exchange for cash. It's a fun way to give money to the new couple thatleaves guests with a wedding souvenir.As left hands are considered unclean in Indian culture, behaviors such as touching, passing money, or giving gifts are to be done with the right hand. Different from some other cultures , an odd number (奇数) of thingsor currency represents good luck. For example, £11 should be given rather than £10.InZimbabwe, it is common to directly ask for a gift. When you receive a gift without asking for it, even if the giver's family is poor, it's the worst way to reject the offering. Also, expressing thanks with actions is better than giving thanks orally (口头地).These may include jumping up and down, dancing, or whistling.4. What does the underlined word “offensive“ in paragraph 1 refer to?A. Rude.B. Creative.C. Suitable.D. Caring.5. How do people prevent friendship breaking down when giving gifts like knives?A. The guests cut the groom's tie into pieces.B. The receiver returns the coin to the giver.C. The giver gives gifts with the right hand.D. The receiver expresses thanks by dancing.6. What can we learn about the gift giving inZimbabwe?A. It is not proper to ask for a gift directly.B. It's better to reject a gift from a poor family.C. One can express thanks by writing letters.D. Showing gratitude with actions is better than words.7. Which can be a suitable title for the text?A. The Wayof Showing GratitudeB. A Fun Behavior to Respect PeopleC. Various Gift Giving TraditionsD. A Special Custom of Gift GivingCMany of us in China enjoy adding chilies (辣椒) toour food, but did you know that this spicy vegetable could also be dangerous? A 34-year-oldUSman recently ended up in hospital after eating a Carolina Reaper—the spiciest chili in the world. After taking just a single bite of one, the man suffered from serious headaches in the following few days, reported BBC News.In fact, reports of stomachache and headache caused by eating spicy food are not something unusual. But if chilies are harmful, why is it that human beings are the only animals to eat this vegetable? According to the website Huanqiu, about 600 million Chinese people—almost half of the national population—are chili eaters. So what makes people love chilies so much? The human body reacts to the burning feeling that comes from eating chilies by releasing natural chemicals that “produce a sense of happiness” , noted BBC News.And the benefits go even further than just personal enjoyment. A survey conducted by the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences found that the death rate of those who eat spicy food once or twice a week is 10 percent lower than those who eat it less than once a week. The number decreased to 14 percent for those who eat spicy food six to seven times a week. And another study done by theUniversityofVermontcame to a similar conclusion. “The data encourages people to eat more spicy food to improve health and reduce death risk at an early age,” Liu Qi, a nutritionist at the Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, told BBC News.Chilies have anti-cancer quality and the ability to increase our metabolism (新陈代谢). So, don't worry if you love spicy food. It seems that chilies are actually good for us—except for the Carolina Reaper, perhaps.8. The example of a 34-year-old American is mentioned in Paragraph 1 to prove ________.A. chiliescan be beneficialB. chilies are popular inAmericaC. chilies can be dangerousD. serious headaches can be dangerous9. Eating chilies gives people a sense of happiness by_______.A. decreasing death rateB. releasing natural chemicalsC. curing serious headachesD. providing enough nutrition10. Which of the following statement is TRUE?A. Human are the only animals to eat chilies.B. Stomachache and headaches caused by chilies is something unusual.C. The more chilies you eat, the healthier you are.D. Chilies have anti-cancer quality but it can't increase our metabolism.11. The writer wrote the passage to ________.A. warn people of the dangers of chiliesB. ask people to eat Carolina ReaperC. encourage people to eat more chiliesD. tell people the benefits of chiliesDA 25-year-old American with a university degree can expect to livea decade longer than a peer who dropped out of high school. Although researchers have long known that the rich live longer than the poor, this education gap is less well documented. And although the average American’s expected span(预期寿命) has been smooth in recent year—and, shockingly, even fell between 2015 and 2017—that of the one-third with a bachelor’s degree has continued to lengthen.This gap in life expectancy is growing, according to new research published in the report of the National Academy of Sciences. Anne Case and Angus Deation ofPrincetonUniversityfound that the lifespans of those with and without a bachelor’s degree started to become different in the 1990s and 2000s. This gap grew even wider in the 2010s.What is the link between schooling and longevity(长寿)? Some argue that better-educated people develop healthier lifestyles: each additional year of study reduces the chances of being a smoker and of being overweight. The better-educated earn more, which in turn is associated with greaterhealth.Ms Case and Mr Deaton argue that changes in labor markets, including the rise of automation and increased demand for highly-educated workers, coupled with the rising costs of employer-provided health care, have decreased the supply of well-paid jobs for those without a degree. This may be contributing to higher rates of alcohol and drug use, suicide and other “deaths of despair”.The authors argued that the educational gap in mortality(致死率) will widenin the wake ofthe covid-19 pandemic. ForAmerica’s overall life expectancy to start climbing again, improvements will be needed across all social groups, not just among the privileged few.12. When did the lifespans of people with and without a degree vary greatly?A. In the 1990s.B. In the 2020sC. In the 2000sD. In the 2010s13. According to the article, changes in labor markets reduce jobs for those without a degree. Which change is NOT included?A. The rising spending of employer-provided health care.B. The gap in life expectancy.C. Raised request for better-educated workers.D. The development of automation.14. What does the underlined phrase “in the wake of” probably mean ?A. afterB. untilC. beforeD. while15. What is the best title for the text?A. Changes in labor market.B. Quit bad habits by Further studyC. Educated Americans live longer.D. Highly-educated people develop healthier lifestyles.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2019-2020学年太原市第五实验中学高三英语第三次联考试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ALearning English requires action! First of all, it is better to find out what type of books is suitable for you to read and improve your English level. You might not understand everything you read. But reading one from cover to cover will give you a real sense of achievement. The key is to find the right book. Let’s take a look at these. Practise English ConversationsClick here to buy!This eBook will make conversations in English so much easier. There are over 30 audio files with typical conversations and exercises with answers at the back so you can practise what you’ve learned.Travel EnglishClick here to buy!Learn over 1000 English words and expressions so you can speak English fluently when you travel outside your country! Learn the language for over 30 typical situations and make travelling abroad easy with this eBook! Business EnglishClick here to buy!Learn over 500 words and expressions to improve your business English! This eBook comes with audio files and videos so you can learn the language you need to do business in English.Idioms-Learn 250 IdiomsClick here to buy!Learn 250 idioms and really improve your speaking and listening skills. This eBook will make learning idioms easy and fast! Start improving this important area of English NOW!1. Which book should you choose to study the expression about trade?A. Travel English.B. Business English.C.Idioms-Learn 250 Idioms.D. Practise English Conversations.2. What is the purpose of the text?A. To show the content in four books.B. To introduce the four English books.C. To stress the importance of English learning.D. To encourage readers to buy the books.3. The text is most probably taken from ________.A. A magazine.B. A website.C. An essay.D. A textbook.BIf you easily make mistakes when in a hurry, a new study from Michigan State University—the largest of its kind to date-found that meditation (冥想) could help you improve the situation.The research tested how open monitoring meditation (OMM)—or, meditationthat focuses awareness on feelings or thoughts as they unfold in one’s mind and body—alteredbrain activity in a way that suggested increased error recognition.“People’s interest in meditation is outpacing what science can prove in terms of effects and benefits.” said Jeff Lin, MSU psychology doctoral candidate and study co-author. “But it’s amazing to me that we were able to see how one session of a guided meditation could produce changes to brain activity in non-meditators.”“Some forms of meditation have you focus on a single object, commonly your breath, but open monitoring meditation is a bit different,” Lin said, “It has you tune inward and pay attention to everything going on in your mind and body. The goal is to sit quietly and pay close attention to where the mind travels without getting too caught up in the scenery.”Lin and his MSU co-authors—William Eckerle, Ling Peng and Jason Moser—hired more than 200 participants to test how open monitoring meditation affected how people detect and respond toerrors.The participants, who had never meditated before, were taken through a 20-minute open monitoring meditation exercise while the researchers measured brain activity through electroencephalography (脑电图), or EEG. Then, they completed a computerized distraction (分心) test.“The EEG can measure brain activity at the millisecond level, so we got precise measures of brain activity right after mistakes compared to correct responses,” Lin said. “A certain neural signal occurs about half a second after an error called the error positivity, which is linked to conscious error recognition. We found that the strength of this signal is increased in the meditators to controls.”“These findings show what just 20 minutes of open monitoring meditation can do to improve the brain’sability to detect and pay attention to mistakes,” Moser said.4. What does the underlined word “altered” in paragraph 2 probably mean?A. Changed.B. Prevented.C. Started.D. Recorded.5. Why is open monitoring meditation different?A. It is just aimed at a single object.B. It clears your mind of everything.C. It gets too caught up in the scenery.D. It focuses on where the mind travels.6. What did the researchers do for the studyA. They hired people who had meditated before.B. They measured the participants’ brain activity.C. They reminded the participants to avoid errors.D. They had non-meditators design a distraction test.7. What is the best title for the text?A. Turn to OMM to Avoid Acting in a HurryB. You’re Able to Recognize Errors ConsciouslyC. Meditators’ Brain Proves Much More ActiveD. OMM Can Help You Make Fewer MistakesCThe early life of the green sea turtle (海龟) is full of danger. Only one in 1,000 baby sea turtles survive to adulthood (成年). From its home in the sand, it breaks its egg with an egg tooth. Its mother is not there to help it. Instead, it is greeted by crabs, coyotes,and dogs waiting to eat it for dinner. To survive, the baby turtle must hide in the sand until night. Then, it moves slowly to the sea.The small turtle must swim hard to reach the ocean waters. In the sea, it tries hard to find food. It must also keep itself from being food for fish.As dangerous as the sea turtle’s life is in the natural world, its most dangerous enemies are humans. The rubbish left by humans in the ocean causes problems for the small green sea turtle. A little turtle might eat a piece ofplastic (塑料) in the sea. It might also eat oil on the ocean’s surface. Young turtles also get caught in fishing nets. There are laws against hunting sea turtles. Still, many are hunted, both for their meat and for their shells (壳). All of these dangers must be prevented.Sea turtles that do survive to grow into adulthood go through many changes. For example, adult green sea turtles weigh about 500 pounds. They stop eating jellyfish and other meat and eat only plants. And they may plan a trip to go back home again. A mother sea turtle goes back to the beach where she was born. This is the only place where she will lay eggs. Even if it has been forty years since she was a baby, she always knows her way back home.8. Why do baby turtles move to the sea at night?A. They dislike sunshine.B. They prefer lower temperatures.C. They can find food easily then.D. They need to avoid enemies.9. What does the author think of the young turtles in Paragraph 3?A. Pitiful.B. Careless.C. Interesting.D. Courageous.10. What can we learn about sea turtles?A. They mainly feed on fish and meat.B. They always produce eggs at their birthplaces.C. They can live for around forty years.D. They visit their beach homes several times a year.11. What is the text mainly about?A. The homes of green sea turtles.B. How sea turtles find their food.C. The dangers faced by sea turtles.D. How young turtles become adults.DDistinguished Baltimore artist John D. Ferguson died Sept 16. The Catonsville resident was 81.“His artist eye was in everything he did. His life was art and his family,” said Jennifer C. Jackson, who was Mr. Ferguson's friend for nearly three decades.” He was a lovable man who was always willing to talk about any topic he was interested in. At shows, people would go crazy for his work,” Ms. Jackson said. “He was also an enthusiastic sailor who loved nothing more than being on the water.” “His sculptures were just memorable,” said Mr. Lund, a Washingtonian. “I used to say, ‘Ferguson, I don't think you know how to do anything that is less than monumental.’”Mr. Ferguson earned a bachelor's degree in 1961 at Holy Cross University, where he developed an interest in painting. He served in the Army for two years until being discharged in 1963, and after studying briefly at the Boston Museum School, registered at the Chicago Art Institute, where he studied until 1966, when he entered the University of Illinois Chicago, where he obtained a bachelor's degree in 1966 in fine arts. Mr. Ferguson developedhis interest and skills as a sculptor after moving to Baltimore to do further studies at the Maryland Institute College of Art's Rinehart School of Sculpture, from which he graduated in 1971 with a master's degree in fine arts.“Over the years my work has moved gradually in the direction of elegance and simplicity,” Mr. Ferguson wrote in his artist statement. “Heavy, bulbous forms have been replaced by dancing, winglike forms. The welding process and respect for the qualities of the materials are interrelated and affect the final piece. “Most of the sculptures that are pictured in my works are made from steel, silicon bronze, and to Cor-Ten steel; shaped to create these beautiful and unique pieces of art. As you can see, my sculptures range in size anywhere from 12 inches to 30 feet or larger.”Through the years, his work found its way into such major public and private collections. “They encourage optimism, for they show strength and affirmation; there's nothing negative, depressing or anxiety-ridden about them”, wrote the late art critic John Dorsey in a 1997 exhibition review.12. What did Mr. Lund think of Ferguson?A. Likeable.B. Ordinary.C. Unwelcome.D. Interesting.13. What did Mr. Ferguson do first after serving in the army?A. He studied at the Boston Museum School.B. He got a bachelor's degree in fine arts.C. He entered the University of Illinois Chicago.D. He continued his studies at the Maryland Institute College.14. What influences the final sculptures?A. An even larger scale than before.B. The material comprised of metalsC. The shape of elegance and simplicity.D. Welding process as well as material quality.15. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?A. A stylish, stubborn old manB. Sculptures towering into the cloudsC. JohnD. Ferguson—a famous sculpturer D. The evolution of the sculptural style第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。