Statistics统计学

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Statistics统计学

Statistics is the study of the collection, organization, analysis, and interpretation of

data.

1.统计变量集中趋势的测定:To measure the central tendency of statistical variables.

Statistical indicators: arithmetic mean (distinguished from the geometric mean or

harmonic mean), weighted average, mode众数, median…

2.统计变量离散程度的判定: To measure the dispersion degree of the statistical

variables .

Statistical indicators: range, average deviation(平均差), variance(方差), standard

deviation(标准差)

Variance: it is a measure of how far a set of numbers are spread out from each other.

Standard deviation: It shows how much variation or "dispersion" there is from the

average.

3.抽样分布:In statistics, a sampling distribution is the probability distribution of a

given statistic based on a random sample.

标准误差:Standard error ---The standard deviation of the sampling distribution of

the statistic is referred to as the standard error of that quantity.

4.参数估计:Parameter estimation is the process that uses the samples from a

population to estimate the parameter of the population, such as the population mean,

the population variance, etc.

5.假设检验:Statistical hypothesis testing is making a hypothesis about the

parameter or distribution of a population in advance, then using the sample

information to determine whether the hypothesis is reasonable or not.

显著性水平:The amount of evidence required to accept that an event is unlikely to

have arisen by chance is known as the significance level or critical p-value.

Null/Alternate hypothesis: 零假设 备择假设

The statistics is a basis of econometrcs.

I’m sorry, in practice, I always with the help of software, such as Eviews, to calculate

the statistics sample. So I forgot some formulas of statistics methods, because

softwares are too convenient.I’m really sorry.