外研版七年级下册英语语法专题复习(含练习)

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下册重要知识点梳理

词类

1) 物主代词:表示所属关系的代词(…属于谁的)

形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的关系:

形容词性物主代词:必须和名词在一起。My father, your teacher...

物主代词

名词性物主代词:相当于与之相对应的形容词性物主代词+名词。

This shirt is mine. =This is my shirt.

练习

(1)选择题。

( )1. Look at .

A. him B. he C. his

( )2. I drive to the park every day. 人称 单 数 复 数

形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 形容性物主代词 名词性物主代词

第一人称 my mine our ours

第二人称 your yours your yours

第三人称 his his

their

Theirs

her hers

its its 语法知识点

1.词类:物主代词、情态动词can和方位介词短语

2.时态:一般将来时态和一般过去时态

3.句型:特殊疑问句、祈使句、感叹句和选择疑问句

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精品文档 A. they B. their C. them

( )3. classroom is big.

A. we B. us C. Our

( )4. I love .

A. she B. her C. hers

( )5. Do you know ?

A. I B. my C. me

( )6. I am son.

A. they B. their C. them

( )7. This is not _____ desk.. My desk is over there.

A. I B. my C. me

( )8. -Can you spell _____ name, Harry? -Sorry.

A. you B. your C. yours

( )9. Tom and Jack are brothers. This is _____ room.

A. they B. them C. their

( )10. We are in the same class. _____ classroom is very nice.

A. our B. my C. ours

( )11. Mrs. Green is my teacher. I’m _____ student.

A. he B. his C. him

( )12. That’s a cat. _____ name is Mimi.

A. It B. It’s C. Its

(2)用括号里的代词的适当形式填空

1, Mr Yang is _______(we) teacher.________(him) is from Beijing. _______(his)

teaches______(our) English.

2, Look,there is a cat._______(they) is Lily's.____(it) name is Mimi.

3, Let______(I) tell ______(she) about_____(he) life at school.

4, This is ______(they) room.Where is _____(our)?

5, Don't use the eraser.______ is ______(me).

6, The lady under the tree is ______(me) aunt._____(her) often sings with

_____(she) husband

2) 情态动词can

1.含义:表达人或物的能力,能或会…

2.特点:情态动词can没有人称和数的变化,之后要加动词原形。

3.否定形式:cannot(正式用法)=can’t(口语)

4.句型结构:

肯定句: 主语 + 情态动词 + 动词原形 + 其他 + 。 欢迎来主页下载---精品文档

精品文档 She / They can swim well.

否定句: 主语 + 情态动词 + not + 动词原形 + 其他 + 。

She / They can not swim well.

一般疑问句: 情态动词 + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他 + ?

Can she / they swim well?

Yes, she / they can. / No, she / they can’t.

特殊疑问句: 疑问词 + 情态动词 + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他 + ?

Why can she / they swim well?

Who can swim well?

练习:

( ) 1) The sign on the wall means you stay away from the

building.

A. must B. can’t C. shouldn't

( ) 2) How many books you see on the desk?

A. may B. can C. should

( )3) --- you see the sign over there? --- Sorry, I can’t.

A. Can B. Can’t C. Should

4. I can run fast. I ________ ________ fast. (否定句)

5. He can play basketball well. (一般疑问句)

_______ he ______ basketball well?

3) 介词

over

正上方

on

on the left of... 在左边

next to/near 在……附近,紧挨着

in the front of

在……里面的前面 under ...在...正下方

between ...and ...在两者之间 behind/at the back of 在...后面

on the right of... 在右边

in front of...在...前面 欢迎来主页下载---精品文档

精品文档 Lingling sits between Tony and Daming. 玲玲坐在托尼和大明之间

among 在三者或三者以上之间

Miss Li is among lots of students. 李老师在许多同学之间

注意:介词短语常和be动词连用。

时态

1) 一般将来时

时间状语:in+一段时间;tomorrow;in the future; next+时间;this+时间(表示将来时间的状语)

﹙Ⅰ﹚ be(is,am.are) going to 的用法。

含义:计划,打算做某事

将来时句型结构:

一般将来时 be going to+动词原形

肯定句结构:主语+be going to +动词原形+其他.

否定句结构:主语+be not going to +动词原形+其他.

一般疑问句:be动词提前

Be +主语+going to +动词原形+其他?

肯定回答:Yes,主语+be.

否定回答:No,主语+be not.

注意:①表示计划到某地去,谓语动词go与going重复,一般只说be going to +地点.

②come/go/arrive/leave等表示位置转移的动词可用于现在进行表将来。

Eg:

I am going to London next year.

She is going to check her email.

Look! The bus is coming.

﹙Ⅱ﹚由shall和will引导的一般将来时

含义:将会…

特点:助动词shall和will没有人称和数的变化,之后要加动词原形。

shall在一般将来时中,一般用于第一人称之后。

例如:I/We shall have an English lesson.我们将有一节英语课。

否定形式:shall not=shan′t will not=won′t

将来时句型结构: 欢迎来主页下载---精品文档

精品文档 肯定句:主语+shall/will+do

否定句:主语+shall/will+not+do(will not 可缩写成won’t)

一般疑问句:shall/will+主语+ do

特殊疑问句:疑问词+ shall/will+主语+do

2) 一般过去时

1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。

2.标志性时间状语:yesterday(昨天), last week(上周), last month(上个月), last year(去年), two months ago(两个月前), the day before yesterday(前天),in 1990 (在1990年), in those days (在那些日子里)等表示过去的时间状语连用。

3.动词结构:V-ed

动词过去式变化规则:

1.一般在动词末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked

2.结尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted

3.末尾是辅音字母加一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节,应双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped

4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,变y为i, 再加-ed,如:study-studied

5.不规则动词过去式:

lose(丢失) ----lost