下载文档原格式
电大英语I2012年1月试题与答案第一篇：电大英语I2012年1月试题与答案试卷代号：2205 第一部分交际用语（共计10分，每小题2分）1-5题：阅读下面的小对话，判断答语是否恰当，恰当的选A(Right)，不恰当的选B 【Wrong)．并将答案写在答题纸上。
1．-Do you like your job? Two years ago.A．Right B．Wrong 3.-How do you like the film? About twice a week.A．Right B．Wrong 5.-You ordered some fish, didn't you? Jim Grundy.We need some evidence and I think this will be very good evidence, especially as your neighbour saw them leaving.1 will take some photographs and check for fingerprints.Don't touch anything, please.Then I-ll take a statement from you and your neighbour, if I may, please.Tim: Yes, that's fine.Please go ahead.I'U make a cup of tea.Do you want one? Police officer: Yes, please, sir.Two sugars, please.31.Mr Timson came downstairs because____.A.he heard some noise B.he wanted to leave his house C.he saw some strange men 32.Which of the following was NOT damaged?A.The window.B.The chair.C．The study rry often steals things____.A.in the morning B.in the evening C．in the afternoon34.The police will first _____....._____________一．A.take some photosB.talk to the neighbour C．arrest Larry35.The police officer would like to____.A.have a cup of coffeeB.have a cup of tea with two spoons of sugar C．eat something sweet 36-40小题：阅读下列短文，根据短文内容判断其后的句子是正确(Right)还是错误(Wrong)．并在答题纸上写出所选的字母符号。
第一部分交际用语（共计10分，每小题2分）1．- Do you like your job? - l'm a nurse. A．Right B．Wrong2*- When did he go to America? - Two years ago. A．Right B．Wrong3.- How do you like the film - It's very good.I like it. A．Right B．Wrong4.- How often do you go swimming? - About twice a week. A．Right B．Wrong5.- You ordered some fish, didn't you? - No, thank you. A．Right B．Wrong第二部分词汇与结构（共计40分，每小题2分）6. He loved____ A．doing B．playing C．going7.I have to go now.I have to pick____my son from school. A．in B．with C．up8. The child was named _ his grandfather. A. after B. in C. to9. A: This skirt is ----------- small for you. B: No. I think it's big_ .A. enough, tooB. too, enoughC. too, yet10. They are building a bridge----- . the river. A. through B. acros C. in11. Are you familiar --_ the bus and subway lines in Beijing? A. with B. in C. about12. He _ me he was leaving on Wednesday. A. said B. told C. tell13. _it is raining, she decides not to work in the garde A.Because B. Although C. Before14. As a news reporter, James ---. many places in the world A. has been to B. has gone to C. went to15. Who is the man standing over there A. thin, tall B. tall, thin C. thin,short16. When I was sitting in a traffic jam, the car --- dowm A. was breaking B. broke C. breaks17. We____ in a small village in the countryside. Now we all live in cities.A．used to live B．live C．lived18. She —answer my phone call yesterday. A．doesn't B．didn't C．wasn't19.I____． A．would buy B．will buy C．bought20. She be over forty. She must be in her twenties. A．can't B．mustn't C．shouldn't21. Table tennis is____popular sport in this country. A．more B．the most C．the best22.Jenny,_ was a hardworking student, was killed in the traffic accident. A- who B．that C．／23.I didn't go____ in the summer.I stayed at home. A. somewhere B.everywhere C．anywhere24. With his help, you will have____to worry about. A．nothing B．something C．anything25.I____table tennis quite well, but I haven't had time to play since the New Year.A. will playB.have played C．play第三部分句型转换（共计15分，每小题3分）26. She forgot about the meeting yesterday.（用What针对划线部分提问）27. I'm tall and thin. My brother is too.（用so改写句子）28.“I can't find my notebook," she said.（改为间接引语）29. It was very hot.I couldn't open the window.（用but将两句连成一句）30. His neighbour heard them. They damaged the flat.（用动词ing形式将两个句子改写成一句）第四部分阅读理解（共计20分）Police officer: Good afternoon, sir.Tim: Oh, hello. Come in please, officer.Police officer: thank you, sir. When was this discovered?Tim: At about 2.30. My neighbour, Mr Timson, was disturbed by a31. Mr Timson came downstairs because____. A. he heard some noise B. he wanted to leave his houseC. he saw some strange men32. Which of the following was NOT damaged? A. The window. B.The chair. C．The study door.33. Larry often steals things____ A. in the morning B.in the evening C．in the afternoon34. The police will firs__.....__ A. take some photos B. talk to the neighbour C．arrest Larry35. The police officer would like to____. A. have a cup of coffee B. have a cup of tea with two spoonsof sugar C．eat something sweet36-40小题：阅读下列短文，根据短文内容判断其后的句子是正确(Right)还是错误( Wrong)．并在答题纸上写出所选的字母符号。
2012年高考英语听力（全国1）试题第一节(共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)1. Where does this conversation probably take place?A．In a bookstore. B. In a classroom. C. In a library.2. At what time will the film begin?A. 7:20.B. 7:15.C. 7:00.3. What are the two speakers mainly talking about?A. Their friend Jane.B. A weekend trip.C. A radio programme.4. What will the woman probably do?A. Catch a train.B. See the man off.C. Go shopping.5. Why did the woman apologize?A. She made a late delivery.B. She went to the wrong place.C. She couldn't take the cake back.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟:听完后，各小题给出5秒钟的做答时间。
每段对话读两遍。
听第6段材料.回答第6. 7题。
6. Whose CD is broken?A. Kathy's.B. Mum's.C. Jack's.7. What does the boy promise to do for the girl?A. Buy her a new CD.B. Do some cleaning.C. Give her 10 dollars.听第7段材料.回答第8、9题。
2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标全国卷）第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?A. £ 19.15.B. £ 9.15.C. £ 9.18.答案是B。
1. Where does this conversation probably take place?A. In a bookstore.B. In a classroom.C. In a library.2. At what time will the film begin?A. 7:20.B. 7:15.C.7:00.3. What are the two speakers mainly talking about?A. Their friend Jane.B. A weekend trip.C. A radio program.4. What will the woman probably do?A. Catch a train.B. See the man off.C. Go shopping.5. Why did the woman apologize?A. She made a late delivery.B. She went to the wrong place.C. She couldn’t take the cake back.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
2012年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标）听力试题第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上，录音结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例: How much is the shirt?A. £ 19.15.B. £9.18.C. £9.15.答案是C.1. Where does this conversation probably take place?A. In a bookstore.B. In a classroom.C. In a library.2. At what time will the film begin?A. 7:20.B. 7:15.C. 7:00.3. What are the two speakers mainly talking about?A. Their friend Jane.B. A weekend trip.C. A radio programme.4. What will the woman probably do?A. Catch a train.B. See the man off.C. Go shopping.5. Why did the woman apologize?A. She made a late delivery.B. She went to the wrong place.C. She couldn't take the cake back.第二节（共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
2012年秋电大开放英语1形成性考核册答案开放英语（1）形成性考核册作业1答案选择题请在在选项上画√1、请写出下列名词的复数形式。
Parent photo bus life half child woman toothParents photos buses lives haves children women teeth2、频度副词often,always,sometimes等在句中的位置是有规律的，请写出这些规律，并各举一个例句。
（1）在动词to be之后：Are you always at home on Sunday?（2）在实意动词之前：I sometimes go to London.（3）在含有助动词的句子中，置于助动词之后，实意动词之前。
I do not often go to work by bus.3、请写现在进行时的两种用法，并分别举一个例句。
（1）现在进行时表示此刻正在发生的事情或正在进行的动作。
He is talking to a customer.（2）现在进行时也可以表示这一段时期正在进行的活动，虽然在此时此刻江没有进行。
LiJun is working on a new database at the moment ,but right now she is sleeping.4、请用学过的功能句型介绍你自己的姓名、年龄、所在城市、工作。
请用英语写（略）开放英语（1）作业1第一部分交际用语1. A2. B3. B4. B5. A第二部分词汇与结构6. B7. A8. C9 .C10. C 11 .B 12 .B13. C14 .C15. C16. B17. A 18. B 19. B20. A 21. B22. A23. C24. C 25. A第三部分句型变换26. He is a manager.Is he a manager?27. She usually goes to work by bus.Does she usually go to work by bus?28. There are fifty students in the class.Are there fifty students in the class?29. They have a large house.Have they a large house? / Do you have a large house?30. He’s currently working on TV advertisements.Is he currently working on TV advertisements?第四部分阅读理解31．B32．A33．A34．B 35．B 36.B 37.B 38.B 39.A 40.C第五部分翻译41--45题：将下列英文句子翻译成中文。
2012年1月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语(一)试卷(课程代码0363)PART ONE (50 POINTS)1．V ocabulary and Structure(10 points，l point each)从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。
1．Every month he sets_____a sum of money for old age．A．apart B．aside C．in D．up2．We finally_____an agreement after a lot of hard bargaining．A．arrived B．decided C．observed D．reached3．The factory has increased its_____by l2 percent this year．A．product B．output C．goods D．quantity4．Charlie had his height and weight_____his favor in the boxing match．A．to B．for C．in D．as5．If you dont know how to spell a word，look it_____in the dictionary．A．after B．for C．out D.up6．Jane doesnt eat fish．_____．A．So doesnt John B．John doesnt，too C．Neither does John D．Nor doesnt John7．_____from your hometown to New York!A．How long there is B. What distance is thereC．How long is it D．What a long way it is8．She_____be American because shes got a British passport．A．cant B．mustnt C．neednt D．isnt able to9．Doctors recommend that fathers present at their babys birth．A．be B．ought to be C．might be D．have been10．I’m sorry to_____you while youre working，but I’ve got a question to ask you．A．distress B．bother C．disrupt D．interfereⅡ．Cloze Test(10 points，1 point each)下面的短文中有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。
电大英语1历年试卷及答案中央广播电视大学2008—2009学年度第一学期“开放专科’’期末考试英语I(1) 试题2009年1月第一部分交际用语(10分)1—5小题：阅读下面的小对话，从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上写出所选的字母符号。
(每题2分，共10分)1. ---- My mother is retired. My father is a manager.A. What do your parents do?B. Where are your parents?C. What are your parents doing right now?2. -- What time does the train leave?A. On Tuesday.B. In the morning.C. At half past five.3. -- Excuse me, how do I get to the gym, please?A. You take the number 66 bus from the supermarket.B. You get off outside the supermarket.C. I'd like to see them.4. -- What does your sister look like?A. She likes singing.B. She's tall and wears glasses.C. She looks depressed.5. -- Would you like to go with us?A. I'd love to.B. I would like.C. It's fine to go.第二部分词汇与结构(40分)6—25小题：阅读下面的句子和对话，从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个能填人空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上写出所选的字母符号。
2012年1月研究生英语学位考试真题及答案A卷Paper OnePart I Listening Comprehension ( 25minutes, 20 points)Section A (1 point each)1. A He has spent many days writing his linguistics term paper.B He spent one day working on his linguistics term paper.C His term paper on linguistics was done yesterday.D His linguistic term paper was due several days before yesterday.2. A There will be many people at the party. B The man will do his assignment before the party.C She‘s not going to the party.D The man won‘t be able to go to the party.3. A He isn‘t serious about the expedition. B It will cost him a lot of money.C Other people paid for his airfare.D It isn‘t fair for him to go alone.4. A The Personnel Manager is not here. B Mr. Smith is the Personnel Manager.C The Personnel Manager is on vacation.D Mrs. Jones is the new Personnel Manager.5. A In a garden B In an orchard C In a shop D In a kitchen.6. A Half a month B One and a half months C Two months D Two and a half months7. A Avenues run east and west. B Streets are in the downtown area.C Avenues run north and south.D Streets are in the west side of the New Work.8. A Pick up the man at 5:00. B Meet her friends at the restaurant.C Make dinner for the man .D Do her errands after dinner.9. A It will be ready by three o‘clock today. B It can be picked up at two o‘clock tomorrow.C It will be ready in two hours.D Only two rolls will be ready on time. Section B ( 1 point each)Mini-talk One10. A 2—4 times B 4—6times C 6—8times D About 10 times11. A Dreams show people are working at night.B Dreams help people look at daily-life situations and fears.C Dreams can help us solve our problems.D Dreams allow us to have different personalities.12. A King and queen = our parents. B Small animals = children.C A long journey= worries about the deadD Crossing a river= making an important decision. Mini-talk Two13. A 400 B 1400 C 4000 D 440014. A Drive in a straight-line B Walk along a white line. C Pass the breath test D All of the above15. A Walking to work B Receiving a fineC Being not allowed to drive for a while.D Paying more for his insurance.Section C ( 1 point each)16) Lecture Topic ________________________17) S tep 1______________________________18) Step 2 _____________________________19) Step 3 _____________________________20) Step 4______________________________Part II Vocabulary ( 10 minutes, 10 points)Section A ( 0.5 point each)21. The girl was fortune enough to live under the care of an involved father and a loving mother.A sympatheticB convictedC concernedD separated22. There is compelling evidence that pollution is responsible for many deadly diseases, such as cancer.A convincingB controversialC consistentD contradictory23. The advantage of the latest model will manifest itself in improved efficiency and protection of eye-sight.A investB concentrateC plungeD exhibit24. All the recommendations and advice will be considered in earnest before any action is taken.A beforehandB seriouslyC unanimouslyD enthusiastically25. Sometimes you have to take what is said on line with a grain of salt, otherwise there would be too much news.A completelyB willinglyC theoreticallyD skeptically26. Industrialized countries are on the cutting-edge of the trend of globalization that is spreading worldwide.A extreme frontB effective qualityC underlying forceD fierce opponent.27. The huge profit from patent rights forces many companies to develop new products on their own.A secretlyB independentlyC jointlyD readily28. In spite of his diminishing influence, this senior scientists has a say in some important issues.A expandingB piercingC decreasingD lasting29. It has been scientifically proved that man does have some inherent abilities that other species don‘t possess.A geneticB internalC peculiarD inborn30. The young Galileo carried on his experiments, turning a deaf ear to his father‘s plea.A suspendedB continuedC fulfilledD completed.Section B (0.5 point each)31. Too much time has ____since we worked on this project.A circulatedB elapsedC occupiedD detached32. The girl fresh from college finally received a job ___ she had been expecting.A requestB pleaC suggestionD offer33. However busy we are, we‘ll try to get back home ___ the dinner on the eve of the Lunar New Year.A in time forB in exchange forC in store forD in return for34. Some difficult choices involving life and death are simply outside the ___ of economic analysis.A dimensionB scaleC domainD space35. Chin a‘s economy, which was now on the brink of collapse, was beginning to ___after the implementation of reform and opening-up .A pay offB take offC leave offD drop off36. After a month or so, she came to dislike the subject and wished she had not ___it ____.A put..upB given ..upC taken …upD made …up37. It is considered a crime to ___ an election of any kind by bribing voters.A fabricateB launchC populateD manipulate38. Visitors to this plateau are likely to have a ___ headache for the first five years.A splittingB slappingC slicingD sprawling39. The central government is intensifying efforts to popularize ___education in rural localities.A voluntaryB impulsiveC instinctiveD compulsory40. They are studying what kind of preferences might ___ this surging demand for home-made TV sets.A take a fancy toB bring into playC give rise toD grow out ofPart III Cloze Test ( 10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)Nobody likes taking exams; exams in your own language can be stressful enough but somehow exams in a foreign language always seem to cause more worry and anxiety. Well, the good news is that, if you 41 some simple steps, taking English language exams can be really quite 42 . It won‘t exactly be fun, but it certainly shouldn‘t give you too many headaches or sleepless nights. If you are planning to 43 one of the well-known exams such as Cambridge First Certificate, you will probably find that there‘s a preparation course 44 at a school near you. Check that the school has a good 45 of exam success and that the teacher is 46 . It is a good idea to ask if you will be given homework and 47 your written work will be marked by a teacher who knows the level of English 48 by the exam.If you take an exam preparation course your teacher will give you all the information you need and you will find that 49 in a class helps you to study more effectively. But you will still need to 50 in a lot of work yourself (after all, the teacher can‘t take the exam for you.)41. A mind B walk C follow D keep42. A fascinating B painless C enjoyable D marvelous43. A have B prepare C participate D take44. A possible B available C offering D existing45. A management B foundation C expectation D record46. A experience B experiencing C experienced D experiences47. A how B that C what D whether48. A required B determined C corresponded D accorded49. A going B coming C being D getting50. A put B act C sit D givePart IV Reading Comprehension ( 45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)Passage 1There are over 6,000 different computer and online games in the world now. A segment of them are considered to be both educational and harmlessly entertaining. One such game teaches geography, and another trains pilots. Others train the player in the logical thinking and problem solving. Some games may also help young people to become more computer literate, which is more important in this technology-driven era.But the dark side of the computer games has become more and more obvious. ―A segment ofgames features anti-social themes of violence, sex and crude language,‖says David Walsh, president of the National Institute on Media and Family. ―Unfortunately, it‘s a segment that seems particularly popular with kids aged eight to fifteen.‖One study showed that almost 80 percent of the computer and online games young people preferred contained violence. The investigators said ―These are not just games anymore. These are learning machines. We‘re teaching kids in the most incredible manner what it‘s like to pull the trigger. What they are not learning are the real-life consequences.‖They also said ―The new and more sophisticated games are even worse, because they have better graphics and allow the player to participate in even more realistic violent acts.‖ In the game Carmageddon, for example, the player will have driven over and killed up to 33,000 people by the time all levels are completed. A description of the outcome of the game says: ―Your victims not only squish under your tires and splatter blood on the windshield, they also get on their knee and beg for mercy, or commit suicide. If you like, you can also dismember them.‖Is all this simulated violence harmful? Approximately 3,000 different studies have been conducted on this subject. Many have suggested that there is a connection between violence in games and increased aggressiveness in the players.Some specialists downplay the influence of the games, saying that other factors must be taken into consideration, such as the possibility that kids who already have violent tendencies are choosing such games. But could it be that violent games still play a contributing role? It seems unrealistic to insist that people are not influenced by what they see. If that were true, why would the commercial world spend billions of dollars annually for television advertising?51. Which of the following computer games is NOT mentioned as educational and harmlessly entertaining?A Those that help people learn more about computers.B Those that teach the features of the earth.C Those that provide special training for writers online.C Those that provide special training for pilots.52. According to one study, most computer and online games_________A allow the players to take part in killing acts.B teach the players to be antisocial.C make the players forget the real life results.D that young people liked contain violence53. What does the underlined word ―dismember‖ in Paragraph 4 mean?A To kick somebody out.B To cut somebody into pieces.C To dismiss somebodyD To stab a knife into somebody54. Many studies have suggested that ___________A more and more young people enjoy cruel computer games.B violence in computer games makes their players more aggressive.C there are now far more incidents of violence due to computer games.D simulated violence in computer games is different from real violence.55. The author uses ― television advertising‖ as an example to show that __________A other factors must be considered as possible causes of violence in real life.B computer and online games are not the only cause of increased violence in real life.C the commercial world is contributing to the increased violence in real lifeD there is a close link between computer games and increased violence in real life.56. The best title for the passage is _____________A The Dark Side of Computer Games.B Computer Games ----- Advantages and DisadvantagesC The Development of Violent Computer Games.D A Study on the Influence of Computer GamesPassage TwoThe collapse of the Earth‘s magnetic field----which guards the planet and guides many of its creatures----appears to have started seriously about 150 years ago, the New York Times reported last week.The field‘s strength has decreased by 10 or 15 percent so far and this has increased the debate over whether it signals a reversal of the planet‘s lines of magnetic force.During a reversal, the main field weakens, almost vanishes, and reappears with opposite polarity. The transition would take thousands of years. Once completed, compass needles that had pointed north would point south. A reversal could cause problems for both man and animals. Astronauts and satellites would have difficulties. Birds, fish and animals that rely on the magnetic field for navigation would find migration confusing. But experts said the effects would not be a big disaster; despite claims of doom and vague evidence of links between past field reversals and species extinctions.Although a total transition may be hundreds or thousands of years away, the rapid decline in magnetic strength is already affecting satellites. Last month, the European Space Agency approved the world‘s largest effort at tracking the field‘s shifts. A group of new satellites, called Swarm, is to monitor the collapsing field with far greater precision. ―We want to get some idea of how this would evolve in the near future, just like people trying to predict the weather,‖ said Gauthier Hulot, a French geophysicist working on the satellite plan. ―I‘m personally quite convinced we should be able to work out the first predictions by the end of the mission.‖No matter what the new findings, the public has no reason to panic. Even if a transition is coming on its way, it might take 2,000 years to mature. The last one took place 780,000 years ago, when early humans were learning how to make stone tools. Deep inside the Earth flow hot currents of melted iron. This mechanical energy creates electromagnetism. The process is known as the geophysical generator. In a car‘s generator, the same principle turns mechanical energy into electricity.No one knows precisely why the field periodically reversals. But scientists say the responsibility probably lies with changes in the disorderly flows of melted iron, which they see as similar to the gases that make up the clouds of Jupiter.57. According to the passage, the Earth‘s magnetic field has _________A begun to change in the opposite direction.B been weakening in strength for a long time.C caused the changes on the polarities.D misguided many a man and animal58. During the transition of the Earth‘s magnetic field__________A the compass will become useless.B man and animals will be confused as to directions.C the magnetic strength of the Earth will disappear.D the magnetic strength of the Earth will be stronger.59. According to the experts, the reversal of the Earth‘s magnetic field would ____A destroy almost all the creatures on the EarthB cause some species extinctions on the Earth.C not be as disastrous as the previous one.D cause no big trouble for man and animals.60. According to the passage, ________________A we should not worry about the transition of the Earth‘s magnetic field.B the Earth‘s magnetic field will not change for at least 2,000 years.C the Earth‘s magnetic field has decreased its strength rapidly.D the transition of the Earth‘s magnetic field can be controlled by modern science.61. The author says ―…the public has no reason to panic‖ because ___________A the transition is still thousands of years away.B the new transition will come 780,000 years from now.C the transition can be precisely predicted by scientists.D the process of the transition will take a very long time to finish.62. The transition of the Earth‘s magnetic field is possible caused by _________A the flows of melted iron inside the EarthB the periodical movement of the Earth.C the mechanical energy of the solar systemD the force coming from outer space. Passage ThreeThe terrorist attacks in London Thursday served as a stunning reminder that in today‘s world, you never know what you might see when you pick up the newspaper or turn on the TV. Disturbing images of terror can trigger an instinctive response no matter how close or far away from home the vent happened.Throughout history, every military conflict has involved psychological warfare in one way or another as the enemy sought to break the morals of their opponent. But thanks to advances in technology, the popularity of the Internet, and proliferation of news coverage, the rules of engagement in this type of mental battle have changed.Whether it‘s a massive attack or a single horrific act, the effects of psychological warfare aren‘t limited to the physical damage inflicted. Instead, the goal of these attacks is to instill a sense of fear that is much greater than the actual threat itself.Therefore, the impact of psychological terror depends largely on how the acts are publicized and interpreted. But that also means there are ways to defend yourself and your loved ones by putting these fears into perspective and protecting your children from horrific images.What Is Psychological Terror? ―The use of terrorism as a tactic is based upon inducing a climate of fear that is disproportionate with the actual threat,‖says Middle Eastern historian Richard Bulliet of Columbia University. ―Every time you have an act of violence, publicizing that violent becomes an important part of the act itself.‖―There are various ways to have your impact. You can have your impact by the magnitude of what you do, by the symbolic character of target, or the horrific quality of what you do to a single person,‖ Bulliet tells WebMD. ―The point is that it isn‘t what you do, but it‘s how it‘s covered that determines the effect.‖ For example, Bulliet says the Iranian hostage crisis, which began in 1979 and lasted for 444 days, was actually one of the most harmless things that happened in the Middle East in the last 25 years. All of the U.S. hostages were eventually released unharmed, but the eventremains a psychological scar for many Americans who watched helplessly as each evening‘s newscast counted the days the hostages were being held captive.Bulliet says terrorists frequently exploit images of a group of masked individuals exerting total power over their captives to send the message that the act is a collective demonstration of the group‘s power rather than an individual criminal act. ―You don‘t have the notion that a certain person has taken a hostage. It‘s an image of group power, and the force becomes generalized rather than personalized,‖says Bulliet. ―The randomness and the ubiquity （无处不在）of the threat give the impression of vastly greater capacities.‖Psychiatrist Ansar Haroun, who served in the U.S. Army Reserves in the first Gulf War and more recently in Afghanistan, says that terrorist groups often resort to psychological warfare because it‘s the only tactic they have available to them. ―They don‘t have M-16s, and we have M-16s. They don‘t have the mighty military power that we have, and they only have access to things like kidnapping,‖says Haroun, who is also a clinical professor of psychiatry at the University of California, San Diego.―In psychological warfare, even one beheading （斩首）can have the psychological impact that might be associated with killing 1,000 of the enemy,‖ Haroun tells WebMD. ―You haven‘t really harmed the enemy very much by killing one person on the other side. But in terms of inspiring fear, anxiety, terror, and making us all feel bad, you‘ve achieved a lot of demoralization.‖63. What has changed the rules of psychological warfare?A Terrorist attacks.B The increase of military conflicts.C Advances in nuclear weapons.D Prosperity of the media.64. The goal of psychological warfare is to __________A change the ideology of the opponent.B win a battle without military attacks.C generate a greater sense of fear.D bring about more physical damage.65. According to Richard Bulliet, publicizing an act of violence becomes an important part of terrorism itself because ________A psychological terrorism is a tactic.B terrorism depends on a climate of fear rather than on the actual threat.C the use of terrorism is to inspire fear that is more destructive than the actual threat.D publicizing the violence can make more people know the actual threat.66. The Iranian hostage crisis shows that ___________A means determines effectsB hostage crises are prevalentC psychological terrors remain harmlessD the American media is effective67. Terrorists hold an individual as a hostage to ___________A scare the publicB demonstrate their crueltyC manipulate the government concernedD show their group power68. In this passage the author __________A emphasizes the great impact of psychological warfare.B criticizes the violence of terrorism.C calls for an end to psychological warfare.D opposes the hostage crisis. Passage FourIn a year marked by uncertainty and upheaval, officials at New Orleans universities that drawapplicants nationwide are not following the usual rules of thumb when it comes to college admissions. The only sure bet, they say, is that this fall‘s entering classes---- the first since Katrina----will be smaller than usual.In typical years, most college admissions officials can predict fairly accurately by this point in the admissions cycle how many high school seniors will commit to enrolling in their situations. Many of the most selective schools require students----who increasingly are applying to multiply institutions---to make their choices by May1. Loyola University, whose trustees will vote May 19 on whether to drop several degree programs and eliminate 17 faculty positions, received fewer applications---about 2,900 to date, compared with 3,500 in recent years. The school hopes to enroll 700 freshmen, down from 850 in the past few years. Historically black Dillard University, which is operating out of a hotel and was forced to cancel its annual March open house, also saw drops, as did Xavier University, a historically black Catholic institution that fell inside its recruitment schedule. Dillard won‘t release numbers, but spokeswoman Naureen Larkins says applications were down and enrollments are expected to be lower than in the past. Xavier admissions dean Winston Brown says its applicant pool fell by about half of last year‘s record 1,014; he hopes to enroll 500 freshmen.In contrast, Tulane University, which is the most selective of the four and developed an aggressive recruitment schedule after the hurricane, enjoyed an 11% increase in applications this year, to a record 20,715. Even so, officials predict that fewer admitted students will enroll and are projecting a smaller-than-usual freshman class---- 1,400, compared with a more typical 1,600. Tulane officials announced in December that they would eliminate some departments and faculty positions.Like Tulane, other schools are taking extra steps this year to please admitted students, often by enlisting help from alumni （校友会）around the country and reaching out to students with more e-mail, phone calls or Web-based interactions such as blogs. In addition, Loyola is relaxing deadlines, sweetening the pot with larger scholarships and freezing tuition at last year‘s level. Dillard, too, is freezing tuition. It‘s also hosting town meetings in target cities and regions nationwide, and moved its academic calendar back from August to mid-September ―to turn away from the majority of the hurricane season,‖ Larkins says. Xavier extended its application deadline and stepped up its one-on-one contact with accepted students. And Tulane , among other things, has doubled the number of on-campus programs for accepted students and hosted a community service weekend program.While the schools expect applicants to be apprehensive, the admission officials also see encouraging signs of purposefulness among applicants. ―A lot of students who are choosing to come to this city are saying, ‗I want to be a part of the action,‖ says Stieffel, noting that Loyola‘s transfer applications were up 30%. And while applications to Xavier are down, Brown is betting that students who do apply are serious. ―The ones who are applying, we feel, are more likely to come,‖ he says.69. The word ―Katrina‖ in Para. 1 probably refers to ____________A a hurricaneB an admission officialC a universityD a student70. It can be learned from the passage that __________A most colleges require students to apply and commit to their institutions.B more students are applying to multiple institutions.C all students are required to make their institution choices by May, 1.D university trustees make decisions on enrollment.71. The following statements are all true EXCEPT______A Tulane University also saw drops in applications this year.B Xavier University fell behind its recruitment schedule.C applicants to Xavier university fell by about half of last year‘s record.D Loyola University will vote on whether to eliminate 17 faculty positions.72. In order to attract applicants, Loyola University and Dillard University are both ____A freezing tuitionsB extending applications deadlines.C hosting meetingsD increasing scholarships73. Tulane University enjoyed an increase in applicants due to its ______________A new enrollment policies.B aggressive recruitment scheduleC academic positionD financial situation74. The passage is mainly concerned with ___________A the drops of the applicants of universities.B the dilemma of the admission officials.C the usual rules of college admissions.D the effects of the hurricane.Passage FiveA store exposure to crime does not diminish when the store is closed. On the contrary, as night falls, criminals are on the move looking for the best crime opportunity. This period of time is, in fact, critical. Owners generally rely only on the presence of physical barriers and electronic security. But they do not seem to be able to stop a determined effort by a group of professional criminals.When closes, commercial stores can be attacked in many different ways such as :Three-minute burglary. It involves attacking a glass front door or a window at night, smashing a display case, and stealing merchandise left out of safes. This type of criminals has little concern about the alarm system: They intend to be gone before any reaction is made to the alarm signal. In the United States, this type of burglary represents nearly 75% of all the burglary events n the jewelry industry.Ramming. It means driving into a store by smashing the front windows or doors. It has also been a practice used by criminals to gain access to valuable merchandise.Safecracking. It involves attacking a safe and stealing its contents. It should not be left out as a risk for store owners, but it makes up for a very small percentage of closed store crimes. This type of crime is decreasing as a result of the high security safes and alarm systems.Robbery is not frequent during closing time, but always represents a threat to store owners. Criminals may in fact decide to take them (or family members) hostage when at home and force them back to the store.To reduce the risks for a closed store crime to occur, the following reduction strategies are recommended:Safes. Time locks on safes, which allow opening only at specified times, can be considered as an added source of protection. Making use of different safes for high value merchandise can also reduce potentially heavy losses.Exterior and interior lighting. This is essential, as it remains one of the most effective weapons against burglary, theft and armed robbery. Lights should be positioned at strategic points and exterior lights should be protected against damage.Security systems. Detection and security systems are extremely important. Another interesting。
