武汉大学英语语言综合-2004真题

做试题,没答案?上自考365,网校名师为你详细解答!全国2004年4月高等教育自学考试综合英语（二）试题课程代码：00795Ⅰ.语法、词汇。

用适当的词填空。

从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出一个正确答案,并在答题纸上写上所选答案的字母。

(本大题共25小题,每小题1分,共25分)Complete each of the following sentences with the most likely answer.(25 points)1.I should say confidence comes not ______from how other people look at us as from how welook at ourselves.A. so muchB. as muchC. this muchD. that much2.The George Washington Bridge is a double-deck bridge across ______Hudson River.A. aB. anC. theD. /3. “Which books are yours?”“Oh, ______over there, of course.”A. thisB. thatC. theseD. those4. Television, ______ came into being in 1939, did not become common until the early 1950s.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. it5. Many car accidents occur _______ drunk driving.A. due toB. thanks toC. becauseD. for6. Finally after working hard for five years Jane ______ able to save her fare to Europe.A. isB. wasC. will beD. would be7.when we reached the cinema, the film _____ started, for there were no people at the entrance.A. should haveB. ought to haveC. had to haveD. must have8. The doctor suggested that the patient ________on a diet but he couldn’t resist the temptation ofrich food.A. goesB. goC. wentD. gone9. You’d better leave _____usual. The heavy traffic on Monday mornings may hold you up.A. early thanB. early thenC. earlier thanD. earlier then10. No sooner _______home than he was asked to go on another business trip.A. had he arrivedB. he had arrivedC. has he arrivedD. he has arrived111. The teacher emphasized that ______of us should read the essay three times.A. each everyoneB. all and every oneC. each and every oneD. each someone12. _____the false banknote looked genuine, it did not stand up to close examination.A. SinceB. AsC. Even asD. Even though13.If you don’t hurry up, the train _______by the time we get to the station.A. has leftB. will have leftC. will leaveD. would have left14. When I ran into Mary at the supermarket yesterday, I smiled at her, but she ______me andwalked on.A. missedB. overlookedC. ignoredD. neglected15. If you fail to adapt ______the quickly changing society, you will be behind the times.A. withB. againstC. forD. to16.My father is deeply co ncerned with the government’s ______policies.A. economicalB. economyC. economicD. economics17. In his 27-year imprisonment, Mandela, a South African leader, was ______his political rights.A. deprived ofB. deprived offC. deprived fromD. deprived with18.Scientists have spent years researching into the ______of sleeping pills on the human brain.A. affectB. effectC. impactD. influence19. Only a few people have ______to the confidential energy data.A. accessB. admissionC. permissionD. entrance20. CCTV reported that ______the snowstorm, at least five houses collapsed and three peoplewere killed.A. on any account ofB. on every account ofC. on account ofD. on this account of21. The government is _______ every effort to reduce the accident rate in coal mines.A. takingB. makingC. catchingD. putting22. The three sales representatives of this company will be ______with a trip to France.A. offeredB. awardedC. rewardedD. given23. Contrary ________popular opinion, eating less does not help you lose weight.A. toB. withC. againstD. into24. An inventor needs to have a creative and _____mind.2A. imaginableB. imaginativeC. imaginaryD. imaging25.The law protects equal rights for all citizens, _____race, religion or sex.A. without regard toB. with regard ofC. regardless toD. regardless ofⅡ.完形填空。

Ⅳ.阅读理解。

认真阅读下列两篇短⽂，每篇短⽂后有5个问题，根据短⽂的内容从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择⼀个正确答案，并在答题纸上写上所选答案的字母。

（本⼤题共10⼩题，每⼩题1分，共10分）Read the two passages and answer the questions. (10 points)Passage 1Jungle country is not friendly to man, but it is possible to survive there. You must have the right equipment and you must know a few important things about woodcraft.No one should go into the jungle without the right equipment. You need lightweight clothing, a good knife, and a compass. Fishhooks and a line, a rifle and ammunition(弹药), matches in a waterproof container are necessary too. So is a mosquito net.In the jungle you can get hopelessly lost within five minutes after leaving a known landmark. That is why you should always carry a compass. In open country, during the day, you can tell which way to go by studying the sun. At night the stars are sure guides to direction . But in most places the jungle rooftop is so thick that it is impossible to see the sun or the stars.Keep alert. Watch the ground in front of you carefully. Stop and listen now and again. Avoid haste, and rest often. You will soon become exhausted if you set a fast pace in a hot and humid place. A steady and even pace is wisest in the long run. Keep calm if you lose your way. Try to decide how long it has been since you were sure of your position. Cut marks on four sides of a tree , so that you will be able to see them from any direction. Except in an emergency, never try to travel through the jungle at night.Whenever possible, it is wise to follow streams and rivers that run in your general direction. This may give you many extra miles of travel. But in the end it will save time and energy. Nothing is more exhausting than hacking a trail cross-country through unbroken jungle. Bamboo grows along the banks of many jungle streams. Since it is hollow and extremely strong, it makes a perfect raft.Mosquitoes and some other insects will be with you all the time .The only defense against them is to wear the right kind of clothing. You should never wear shorts in the jungle. Your trousers must be lightweight and long. The cuffs(裤管⼝)should be tucked into your boot tops.Finding water that is safe to drink can be a problem. Many clear and fresh-looking streams and rivers carry deadly germs. Such water must always be boiled before you drink it . Luckily, the jungle has many kinds of plants and vines that give water. Water from almost all plants is pure enough to drink. But stay away from vines that have bitter or milky sap(树液).Many jungle plants also provide food. Before you go into the jungle, learn to recognize the varieties of plants that can be eaten. If you haven’t had a chance to do this, watch what kinds of fruit and nut the birds and monkeys choose. Such food is almost always safe for man. When you see an animal in the jungle, you can be sure that the source of food is somewhere close by. That source may mean for you a difference between going to sleep well-fed or hungry.Surviving in the jungle is a science. The jungle people have become perfect in this science, and you can too. Learn as much as you can about what to expect in the jungle. Make sure you have the right equipment. Then no part of the jungle will seem unfriendly or frightening. In fact, you will be able to “live off” it for a long time.51.For checking your position in the jungle you should rely onA. direction sense.B. known landmarks.C. the sun and stars.D. a compass.52.In moving through the jungle you shouldA. set a fairly rapid pace.B. stop and rest often.C. retrace your steps from time to time.D. study the sun whenever you can.53.The author advises against traveling at night probably becauseA. one tends to move too slowly at night.B. emergencies occur most frequently at night.C. it is difficult to check your position then.D. there is always a danger of panic in darkness.54.Following streams and rivers will help you toA. save many extra miles of travel.B. keep away from dangerous animals.C. avoid crossing unbroken stretches of jungle.D. have a constant source of drinking water.55.The best way to be sure of enough food in the jungle is toA. learn ahead of time what plants can be eaten.B. catch those animals other animals prey on.C. travel only along streams and rivers.D. watch the animals’ eating habits.。

武汉大学2003年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目: 基础英语与英汉互译科目代码：436Part One：I. Cloze (1×15=15%)Fill in each numbered blank with ONE word given below, paying attention to the following:A) 20 words are given, but only 15 (no more, no less) should be used and each can be used onceonly;B) Forms should be corrected.1. appear2. incidentally3. pass4. sure5. necessary6. social7. fresh8. come9. physical 10. occur 11. incidentally 12. scene 13. replenish 14. invite 15. ramble 16. second 17. go 18. interrupt 19. feed 20. seeI belong to that classification of people known as wives. I am a Wife. And, not altogether 1 , I am a mother.Not too long ago a male friend of mine appeared on the scene 2 from a recent divorce. He had one child, who is, of course, with his ex-wife. He is looking for another wife. As I thought about him while I was ironing one evening, it suddenly 3 to me that I, too, would like to have a wife. Why do I want a wife?I want a wife who will take care of my 4 needs. I want a wife who will keep my house clean. A wife who will pick up after my children, a wife who will pick up after me. I wanta wife who will keep my clothes clean, ironed, mended, replaced when need be, and who will5 to it that my personal things are kept in their proper place so that I can find what I need the minute I need it. I want a wife who cooks the meals, a wife who is a good cook. I want a wife who will plan the menus, do the necessary grocery shopping, prepare the meals, serve them pleasantly, and then do the cleaning up while I do my studying. I want a wife who will care for me when I am sick and sympathize with my pain and loss of time from school. I wanta wife to go along when our family takes a vacation so that someone can continue to care for me and my children when I need a rest and change of 6 .I want a wife who will not bother me with 7 complaints about a wife’s duties. But I want a wife who will listen to me when I feel the need to explain a rather difficult point I have8 across in my course of studies. And I want a wife who will type my papers for me when I have written them.I want a wife who will take care of the details of my 9 life. When my wife and I are10 out by my friends, I want a wife who will take care of the babysitting arrangements. When I meet people at school that I like and want to entertain, I want a wife who will have the house clean, will prepare a special meal, serve it to me and my friends, and not 11 when I talk about things that interest me and my friends. I want a wife who will have arranged that the children are 12 and ready for bed before my guests arrive so that the children do not bother us. I want a wife who takes care of the needs of my guests so that they feel comfortable, who makes sure that they have an ashtray, that they are 13 the hors d’oeuvres, that they are offered a 14 helping of the food, that their wine glasses are 15 when necessary,that their coffee is served to them as they like it. And I want a wife who knows that sometimes I need a night out by myself.When I am through with school and have a job, I want my wife to quit working and remain at home so that my wife can more fully and completely take care of a wife’s duties.My God, who wouldn’t want a wife?II. Paraphrase (2× 10=20%)Paraphrase the following sentences, paying attention to the connotation each of them suggests.1. More than enough is too much.2. A door must be either shut or open.3. Tomorrow is another day.4. Live and let live.5. Nothing succeeds like success.6. The shortest way round is the longest way home.7. Call a spade a spade.8. The remedy may be worse than the disease.9. Every dog has his day,10. All’s well that ends well.III. Proofreading & Error Correction (1×10= 10%)The following passage contains 8 errors, and two are free from error. In each case only one word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in theblank provided at the end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “^” sign and writethe word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at theend of the line.For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash “/” and put the word inthe blank provided at the end of the line.If the line is correct, place a tick “√” in the blank provided at the end of the line.Each boxing match is a story --- a unique and highlycondensed drama without words, even nothing sensational (1)______happens. Boxers are there to establish an absoluteexperience, a public accounting of the outermost limits (2)______of their beings; they will know, as few of us can knowof ourselves, physical and psychic power they possess. (3)______In the boxing ring, even in our greatly humanized times;death is always a possibility---which is that some of us (4)______prefer to watch films, or tapes of fights are already past, (5)______already defined as history---or, in some instances, art. .Most of the time, naturally, death in the ring is extremely (6)______unlikely; it is a statistically rare possibility like yourpossible death tomorrow morning in an automobile accidentor in next month’s headlining airline disaster or in a freak (7) ______accident involving a fall on the stairs or in the bathtub, a skullfracture, subarachnoid hemorrhage. Spectators at “death”fights often claim afterward that what happened simply (8)______seemed to happen--unpredictably, in a sense accidentally.Only in a retrospect does death appear to have been inevitable. (9)_______If a boxing match is a story it is an always wayward story,one in which anything can happen. And with a matter of (10) ______seconds. Split seconds! In no other sport can so much takeplace in so brief a period of time, and so irrevocably.IV. Reading Comprehension and Writing (30%)Read the following passage, and then answer the corresponding questions.1. I am black. My mother is black. My father is white. This wouldn’t necessarily be important, but we live in a country where conflict runs deep between blacks and whites. We’re in a country where white male slaveholders casually disavowed the black children they had sired. We live in a country where the worst of human traits—laziness, violence, and irrationality — are seen as defining characteristics of those of African descent. This makes my being a mixed-race person whose ethnic identity is black somewhat complicated. There is a dissonance between who I say I am -- a proud black man trying to do something positive with his life and who society says I am. Yet I feel strong, and I embrace my black heritage. I’ve often reflected on how I learned to keep my positive self-image. The answer is, my white father.2. With my olive-colored skin; hazel eyes, and curly hair, I’ve been taken for Hispanic or Middle Eastern. In fact, in addition to being black, I am Jewish. And my father taught me to be proud of that heritage as well. When bullies at school demanded, Are you black or white?" there was no confusion. When I ran home and asked my father, he said, “Tell them you are African- American.” That was in the early 1970s and it was a term I wouldn’t hear until the Afrocentric movement of the 1990s made it fashionable again.3. It wasn’t that my father wanted me to deny my Jewish roots, it’s just that he knew we live in a society where my African heritage would define me socially. He didn’t want me to seem ashamed of my black roots. My father knew that love and hopes for an ideal world in the distant future would be no panacea for the bigotry and small-mindedness I would encounter in my lifetime. He didn’t want me, my brother, or my sister to be unprepared for racism.4. And so, my father, a writer and avid reader, lined my shelves with books about black American culture, African culture, and Jewish culture. He encouraged me to think, to come up with my own ideas. A simple question posed to him was sure to be followed by his search for a book on the subject, with articles and additional materials to follow. In this way he gave me not only his opinion, but also the keys to how he arrived at that opinion. Knowing that I had those keys, too, he thought that I could evaluate his opinion and come up with my own. He encouraged me to determine what being black meant to me.5. In the predominantly white suburb near Princeton, N.J., where I grew up, my father knew that Ineeded to know black men. So when I started playing drums at age 14, my father took me to jazz clubs. He encouraged me to talk to the musicians and get their autographs. This introduction led to my decision to become a professional musician, and also filled my home with a black male presence. Jazz was more than a genre of music; it instructed me in the cool posture of black men — Max Roach’s shades, Miles Davis’s scowl and his always stylish threads. It also instructed me in a kind of heroism. These men were geniuses who created America’s only enduring art form despite its best efforts to stifle and ignore them.6. My father also hired James, a black 16-year-old, who became my favorite baby sitter. My father gave me book knowledge and taught me to have an open mind; James showed me how to deal with people on a practical level. My father was gentle, but James taught me that as a black man, you have to be ungentle sometimes. You have to speak up for yourself. James never let me walk away from a confrontation without speaking my mind.7. During the summers, my parents sent me to my mother’s family in Virginia. My cousins— especially Jeffrey, who is seven years older than I — helped me become a mature black man. Jeffrey taught me to treat women with respect, through his example as well as through his words. These are lessons my father had taught me also, but he hoped that my summer visits down south would reinforce those values being transmitted by black men of my generation.8. In college, I counseled children from mixed backgrounds. I could see the emptiness in some of the kids either who didn’t have a black parent around — usually the father—or whose parents weren’t in agreement about how much emphasis, should be put on black culture. Often these children would grow up in a predominantly white environment with a negative view of their black fathers or of black culture in general. I realized how fortunate I was to have both parents and to have a father who encouraged me to develop as a black person while never making me feel that I was any less his son because of my blackness.9. In many ways what my father taught me about manhood was not related to color. He taught me that, ultimately, I determined through my behavior what a black man is. My father taught me to be a gentle man, to use my mind and not my fists. He taught me the value of education and encouraged me to ask questions. My father exposed me to black men who lived up to these universal ideals of manhood, and thereby emphasized that blacks shared in that tradition. All these things have made me the man, the black man, I am today.10. My father and I are now the closest we have ever been. Of course, there are race-related topics,things I feel, that he will never be able to understand. I know that there are probably people who meet my father and see just another white man. But I know that there are things he has learned from me and my brother that have given him an insight into black masculinity that most white men will never experience. In this way, we have taught each other. Our relationship epitomizes a reality that is so rarely seen -- a black man and a white man who are not adversaries, who are more than father and son. They are men who love each other very deeply.A) Find the best answer for each question from the choices given. (1×6=6%)1. The opening three sentences identify the writer as being of _____.A. the same ethnicity as both his parentsB. mixed ethnicityC. the same ethnicity of his father, but not his motherD. the same ethnicity of his mother, but not his father2. For the writer, the way this country has treated blacks means that______.A. he personally suffered discriminationB. his father has mixed feelings about himC. he has had to struggle with his own bad habits so as to avoid ethnic stereotypesD. to maintain his pride he had to struggle against social beliefs about his ethnicity3. The main idea of paragraph 2 is that ______.A. the writer’s appearance allowed him to adopt any one of several ethnic identitiesB. the writer’s father always directed the son to an African-American identityC. the writer was first confused by the question of ethnic identityD. the writer is proud of his Jewish heritage4. The father’s main reason for wanting his children to identify themselves as blacks is thathe____.A. wanted them to have strength to confront racismB. had mixed feelings about his own backgroundC. had hopes for an ideal world in the futureD. thought some identities were better than others5. Paragraphs 5 through 8 are organized according to_____.A. time order of the writer’s growing up.B. comparison of the writer’s experience to that of people who grew up with blackfathers.C. a listing of the ways the writer learned about black culture.D. order of importance of the experience recounted.6. Of the following details, which is most important for this selection?A. The father read many books.B. The father took the son to jazz clubs when the boy started playing drums.C. The son became a jazz musician.D. Miles Davis had stylish threads.B) After each of the following passages in paragraphs 1-5 from the selection is a series of possible inferences, predictions, conclusions, or generalizations that you can draw from the sentence.Put a checkmark in front of those that can be appropriately supported by the quoted passage.(2×4=8%)1. “When I ran home and asked my father, he said, ‘Tell them you are African-American.’ Thatwas in the early 1970s and it was a term I wouldn’t hear until the Afrocentric movement the 1990s made it fashionable again.” (paragraph 2)__A. The father didn’t want his son to be aware of other parts of his heritage.__B. The father wanted his son to develop a strong identity to counter other people’s prejudices.__C. The father’s thinking was ahead of his time.__D. The father helped his son overcome uncertainties.__E. The writer would support students being taught an Afrocentric school curriculum.2. “These men were geniuses who created America’s only enduring art form despite its best effortsto stifle and ignore them.” (paragraph 5)__A. Jazz grew from the efforts of artistic geniuses.__ B. Anyone who now enters jazz as a profession will be ignored and stifled.__ C. Musicians entered jazz because other forms of expression were not open to them.__ D. America does not always appreciate its artists.__ E. Some jazz musicians showed courage and pursuing their careers.__ F. The cool style of jazz musicians was a reaction to the ???????????3. “Of course, there are race-related topics, things I feel, that he will never be able tounderstand. I know that there are probably people who meet my father and see just another white man. But I know that there are things he has learned from me and my brother that have given him an insight into black masculinity that most white men will neverexperience.” (paragraph 10)__A. The writer is disappointed in his father’s limitations of understanding of the writer’s experience.__B. The writer respects his father's understanding of the black male experience.__C. Few white men have a good understanding of what it means to be a black man.__D. The brother feels the same way as the writer about their father.__E. If you haven’t experienced the difficulties caused by racial attitudes, it is hard to understand race-related topics fully.__ F. People make judgments about others’ probable racial attitudes.4. Match each of the following opinions reported in this article to the person who holds or expresses that opinion, by placing the number of the appropriate person in Column B in front ofthe statement in Column A. You may use individuals from Column B more than once in your answers, and you need not use all of them.A B1) Black children need not be acknowledged, a. the writer2) Having the keys to arriving at an opinion b. the writer’s fatherwas as important as the opinion, c. the writer’s mother3) You sometimes have to be ungentle d. white male slaveholders4) In this country people of African descent e. Jamesare defined as having the worst of human traits f. Jeffrey5) Hopes for an ideal world are not adequatefor dealing with the world6) Black and white men are often seeing eachother as adversaries.C) Paraphrase and comment on the words in ITALICS in the following phrases chosen from thetext. (1×4=4%)1. “... white male slaveholders casually disavowed the black children they had sired.”(paragraph 1)2. “...would be no panacea for the bigotry and small-mindedness I would encounter...”(paragraph 3)3. “... it instruct me in the cool posture of black men --- Max Roach’s shades, MileDavis’s scowl and his always stylish threads.” (paragraph 5)D) Critical Thinking and Writing1. The writer makes at least two strong and controversial points in this selection —that it is more important to identify with his black heritage than his Jewish heritage, and that there is hostility and little mutual understanding between white and black males. Do you agree or disagree with either of these points (or any other related ones you might identify in the selection)? How would you evaluate the writer’s stand and how would you argue for or against it? Write ONE paragraph to explain your position. (4%)2. The writer identifies how his own character and identity were formed through contact with many individuals. Write a short essay describing how individuals in your life influenced you to become the person you have become. (8%)PART TWO TRANSLATION (75 points)I. Select the word or phrase that is the closest in meaning to the English expression (10 points, 2 points each)(1) have dust in the eyes(A)伤心落泪(B)愁容满面(C)昏昏欲睡(D)已患沙眼(2)sport new dogs(A)露齿而笑(B)领狗散步(C)作弄新人(D)卖弄伎俩(3)temper justice with mercy(A)体谅弱者(B)伸张正义(C)正邪相争(D)恩威兼施(4)cross the cudgels(A)激战正酣(B)停止争斗(C)险过简桥(D)不屈不挠(5)learn the hard way(A)勤学苦练(B)知难而进(C)艰难历程(D)吃苦学得II. Select the best version (10 points, 2 points each)(1) A glance at the lady helped to remind me of this paradoxical law: she also looked toodistinguished to be a “personality.”(A)看了一眼这位女士，让我想起了这样一个荒谬的规律：她看上去也过于出类拔萃，不会是个名流。

武汉大学2004年博士研究生入学考试英语试题Part ⅠReading Comprehension (30%)Directions:There are 4 reading passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D．Y ou should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.All types of stress study, whether under laboratory or real-life situations, study mechanisms for increasing the arousal level of the brain.The brain blood flow studies show that reciting the days of the week and months of the year increases blood flow in appropriate areas, whereas problem solving which demands intense concentration of a reasoning type produces much larger changes in the distribution of blood in the brain.Between these basic studies of brain function and real life situations there is still a considerable gap, but reasonable deduction seems possible to try and understand what happens to the brain.Life consists of a series of events which may be related to work or to our so-called leisure time. Work may be relatively automatic—as with typing, for instance, it requires intense concentration and repetition during the learning phase to establish a pattern in the brain. Then the typist's fingers automatically move to hit the appropriate keys as she reads the words on the copy.However, when she gets tired she makes mistakes much more frequently. To overcome this she has to raise her level of arousal and concentration but beyond a certain point the automatic is lost and thinking about hitting the keys leads to more mistakes.Other jobs involve intense concentration such as holding bottles of wine up to a strong light and turning them upside down to look for particles of dirt falling down. This sounds quite easy but experience teaches that workers can do this for only about thirty minutes before they start making a mistake. This is partly because the number of occasions with dirt in the bottle is low and the arousal level, therefore, fails.Scientists have shown that devices to raise arousal level will increase the accuracy of looking for relatively rare events. A recent study of the effect of loss of sleep in young doctors showed that in tests involving a challenge to their medical judgment whenshort of sleep they raised their arousal level and became better at tests of grammatical reasoning as well.1．According to the brain blood flow studies, problem solving ______.A．increases blood flow in some areas of the brainB．causes changes in the distribution of blood in the brainC．demands intense concentration of blood in certain areasD．is based on the ability to recite the time2．The author believes that ______.A．the results obtained in the laboratory exactly reflects the real-life situationsB．the gap between the laboratory studies and real-life situations is too large to fill upC．the gap between the laboratory studies and real-life situations can be closed by proper reasoningD．the difference between the laboratory studies and real-life situations will be reduced3．When a typist gets tired, ______.A．she has to try hard to raise her automatic B．she can type only automaticallyC．she cannot think about what she is doing D．she can seldom type automatically4．Examining bottles of wine is hard work because ______.A．the bottles must be held upside down B．it is difficult to see the particles of dirtC．it requires high level of automatic D．most bottles are all right5．According to the author, a key factor in the ability to reason is ______.A．the subject's knowledge of grammarB．the amount of sleep the subject has hadC．the level of arousal of the subjectD．the extent to which the subject has been taught to reasonQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.Auctions are public sales of goods, conducted by an officially approved auctioneer. He asks the crowd assembled in the auction-mom to make offers, or “bids”, for the various items on sale. He encourages buyers to bid higher figures, and finally names the highest bidder as the buyer of the goods.This is called “knocking down” the goods, for the bidding ends when the auctioneer bangs a small hammer on a table at which he stands. This is often set on a raised platform called arostrum.The ancient Romans probably invented sales by auction, and the English word comes from the Latin auctio, meaning “increase”.The Romans usually sold in this way the spoils taken in war;these sales were called sub basra, meaning “under the spear”, a spear being stuck in the ground as a signal for a crowd to gather. In England in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries goods were often sold “by the candle”: a short candle was lit by the auctioneer, and bids could be made while it stayed alight.Practically all goods whose qualities vary are sold by auction. Among these are coffee, hides, skins, wool, tea, cocoa, furs, spices, fruit, vegetables and wines. Auction sales are also usual for land and property, antique furniture, pictures, rare books, old china and similar works of art. The auction rooms at Christie's and Sothehy's in London and New Y ork are world famous.An auction is usually advertised beforehand with full particulars of the articles to be sold and where and when they can be viewed by prospective buyers. If the advertisement cannot give full details, catalogues are printed, and each group of goods to be sold together, called a “lot”, is usually given a number.The auctioneer need not begin with Lot 1 and continue in numerical order; he may wait until he registers the fact that certain dealers are in the room and then produce the lots they are likely to be interested in. The auctioneer's services are paid for in the form of a percentage of the price the goods are sold for.The auctioneer therefore has a direct interest in pushing up the bidding as high as possible.The auctioneer must know fairly accurately the current market values of the goods he is selling, and he should be acquainted with regular buyers of such goods. He will not waste time by starting the bidding too low. He will also play on the rivalries among his buyers and succeed in getting a high price by encouraging two business competitors to bid against each other.It is largely on his advice that a seller will fix a “reserve” price, that is, a price below which the goods cannot be sold.Even the best auctioneers, however, find it difficult to stop a “knock out”, whereby dealers illegally arrange beforehand not to bid against each other, but nominate one of themselves as the only bidder, in the hope of buying goods at extremely low prices.If such a “knock-out” comes off, the real auction sale takes place privately afterwards among the dealers.6．A candle used to burn at auction sales ______.A．because they took place at night B．as a signal for the crowd to gatherC．to keep the auctioneer warm D．to limit the time when offers could be made 7．An auction catalogue gives prospective buyers ______.A．the current market values of the goods B．details of the goods to be soldC．the order in which goods must be sold D．free admission to the auction sale8．The auctioneer may decide to sell the “lots” out of order because ______.A．he sometimes wants to confuse the buyersB．he knows from experience that certain people will want to buy certain itemsC．he wants to keep certain people waitingD．he wants to reduce the number of buyers9．An auctioneer likes to get high prices for the goods he sells because ______.A．then he earns more himselfB．the dealers are pleasedC．the auction-rooms become world famousD．it keeps the customers interested10．A “knock out” is arranged ______.A．to keep the price in the auction room lowB．to allow one dealer only to make a profitC．to increase the auctioneer's profitD．to help the auctioneerQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.Whenever two or more unusual traits or situations are found in the same place, it is tempting to look for more than a coincidental relationship between them.The high Himalayas and the Tibetan plateau certainly have extraordinary physical characteristics and the cultures which are found there are also unusual, though not unique.However there is no intention of adopting Montesquieu's view of climate and soil as cultural determinants. The ecology of a region merely poses some of the problems faced by the inhabitants of the region, and while the problems facing a culture are important to its development, they do not determine it.The appearance of the Himalayas during the late Tertiary Period and the accompanying further raising of the previously established rages had a marked effect on the climate of the region. Primarily, of course, it blocked the Indian monsoon (季风) from reaching Central Asia.at all.Secondarily, air and moisture from other directions were also reduced.Prior to the raising of the Himalayas, the land now forming the Tibetan uplands had a dry, continental climate with vegetation and animal life similar to that of much of the rest of the region on the same parallel, but somewhat different than that of the areas farther north, which were already drier.With the coming of the Himalayas and the relatively sudden drying out of the region, there was a severe thinning out of the animal and plant population.The ensuing incomplete Pleistocene glaciations (冰蚀) had a further thinning effect, but significantly did not wipe out life in the area. Thus after the end of the glaciation there were only a few varieties of life extant from the original continental species. Isolated by the Kunlun range from the Tarim basin and Turfan depression, species which had already adapted to the dry steppe climate, and would otherwise have been expected to flourish in Tibetan, the remaining native fauna and flora (动植物) multiplied.Armand describes the Tibetan fauna as not having great variety, but being “striking” in the abundance of the particular species that are present.The plant life is similarly limited in variety, with some observers finding no more than seventy varieties of plants in even the relatively fertile Eastern Tibetan valleys, with fewer than ten food crops.Tibetan “tea” is a major staple, perhaps replacing the unavailable vegetables.The difficulties of living in an environment at once dry and cold, and populated with species more usually found in more hospitable climates, are great.These difficulties may well have influenced the unusual polyandrous ( 一妻多夫制)societies typical of the region. Lattimore sees the maintenance of multiple-husband households as being preserved from earlier forms by the harsh conditions of the Tibetan uplands, which permitted no experimentation and “froze” the cultures which came there.Kawakita, on the other hand, sees the polyandry as a way of easily permitting the best householder to become the head husband regardless of age.His detailed studies of the Bhotea village of Tsumje do seem to support this idea of polyandry as a method of talent mobility is a situation where even the best talent is barely enough for survival.In sum, though arguments can be made that a pre-existing polyandrous system was strengthened and preserved (insofar as it has been) by the rigors of the land, it would certainly be an overstatement to lay causative factors of any stronger nature to the ecological influences in this case.11．What are the “unusual traits or situations” referred to in the first sentence?A．Patterns of animal and plant growth.B．Food and food preparation patterns of the upland Tibetans.C．Social and familial organization of typical Tibetan society.D．All of the above.12．The purpose of the passage is to ______.A．analyze the possible causal links between Tibetan ecology and societyB．describe the social organization of typical Tibetan villagesC．describe Tibetan fauna and floraD．analyze the mysteries of the sudden appearance of the Himalayas13．The author's knowledge of Tibet is probably ______.A．based on firsthand experience B．the result of lifelong studiesC．derived from books only D．limited to geological history14．According to the passage, which of the following would probably be the most agreeable to Montesquieu?A．All regions have different soils and thus, different cultures.B．Some regions with similar climates will have similar cultures.C．Cultures in the same area, sharing soil and climate, will be essentially identical.D．The plants of a country, by being the food of its people, cause the people to have similar views to one another.15．The species of fauna and flora remaining in Tibet after the Pleistocene glaciation can properly be called continental because they ______.A．are originally found in continental climatesB．are the only life forms in Tibet, which is as big as a continentC．have been found in other parts of the Asian continentD．are found in land mass that used to be a separate continentQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.Opponents of affirmative action say the battle over the use of race in college admissions is hardly over, despite the Supreme Court's ruling Monday upholding the goal of a diverse student body. Higher education leaders overwhelmingly hailed the decision, saying it reaffirmed policies used by most selective colleges and universities. But some critics raised the possibility of morelawsuits, and promised to continue pressuring the Department of Education's Office of Civil Rights to investigate questionable policies.“We're talking about admissions programs, scholarships, any program, only for minorities or in which the standards used to judge admissions are substantially different.” says Linda Chavez, founder and president of the Center for Equal Opportunity, a conservative non-profit group.Others say they'll take their case to voters.“We have to seriously contest all this at the ballot box.” says University of California regent Ward Cannerly, who helped win voter approval of California's Proposition 209, which prohibits considering race or gender in public education, hiring and contracting. Because of that law, Monday's ruling had no practical impact in the state.“It may be time for us to...let the (Michigan) voters decide if they want to use race as a factor in admissions.” Connerly said Monday.Meanwhile, cation Secretary Rod Paige, consistent with President Bush's stance opposing affirmative action, said the Department of Education will “continue examining and highlighting effective race-neutral approaches to ensure broad access to and diversity within our public institutions”. Even Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor, in one of the opinions, recommended that states look for lessons in race-neutral programs being tried in California and elsewhere. While the ruling said admissions officials may consider race in the selection process, colleges and universities are not obligated to do so.“Ultimately in the debate, diversity is a choice, not a legal mandate.” says Arthur Colema n, a former Department of Education official who now helps colleges and universities ensure constitutional policies.The public, too, remains conflicted, largely along racial lines. According to a January poll by the non-profit research organization Public Agenda, 79% of Americans said it is important for colleges to have a racially diverse student body, while just 54% said affirmative action programs should continue. In a Gallup poll conducted days before the ruling, 49% of adults said they favor affirmative action and 43% did not, with blacks and Hispanics far more likely to favor the practice than whites.And some educators doubt that with Monday′s ruling, those opposing affirmative action will change their minds.For now, admissions officials and university lawyers are poring over the ruling to determine how or whether to adjust policies.While most tend to be closed-mouthed about admissions policies, many say they don't expect significant changes.16．What the critics said in the first paragraph amounts to the idea that ______.A．no admission policies based on race should be implementedB．minority applicants should be given favorable considerationsC．different standards for admitting minority students should be set upD．selective colleges and universities should be punished for their discriminatory polic ies 17．Connerly insists that the Court's ruling should ______.A．win approval from Californian voters before it is put in effectB．be contested by the Michigan voters with an opinion pollC．be applied in some states before it is extended to other statesD．produce the intended practical effect before it is widely accepted18．What is the attitude of the Department of Education towards affirmative action?A．Neutrality.B．Objection.C．Approval.D．Indifference.19．Which of the following is TRUE about affirmative action according to the text?A．A vast majority of people support it.B．The minorities claim it to be a discriminatory policy.C．The minority students are more likely to welcome it.D．The Court's decision will certainly change people's attitude to it.20．It can be inferred from the text that one of the major objectives of affirmative action is to ______.A．ensure race-neutral programs are set up in college and universitiesB．adapt the Supreme Court's ruling to college situationsC．formulate the right policies for college admissionsD．discourage the practice of racial discrimination in college admissionsPart ⅡEnglish-Chinese T ranslation (25%)Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese and write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.Computers are permeating almost every aspect of our lives, including many areas previously untouched by technology.(1)But unlike such other pervasive technologies as electricity, television and the motor car, computers are on the whole less reliable and less predictable in their behavior. This is because they are discrete state digital electronic devices that are prone to totaland catastrophic puter systems, when they are “down”, are completely down, unlike electromechanical devices, which may be only partially down and are thus partially usable.Computers enable enormous quantities of information to be stored, retrieved, and transmitted at great speed on a scale not possible before.(2)This is all very well, but it has serious implications for data security and personal privacy because computers are inherently insecure. The recent activities of hackers and data thieves in the United States, Germany, and Britain have shown how all-too-easy it still is to break into even the most-sophisticated financial and military systems. The list of scares perpetrated by the new breed of hi-tech criminals, ranging from fraud in airline-ticket reservations to the reprogramming of the chips inside mobile phones, is growing puter systems are often incredibly complex-so complex, in fact, that they are not always understood even by their creators (although few are willing to admit it). This often makes them completely unmanageable.Unmanageable complexity can result in massive foul-ups or spectacular budget “runaways”.For example, Jeffrey Rothfeder in Business Week reports that Bank of America in 1988 had to abandon a $20 million computer system after spending five years and a further $60 million trying to make it work. Allstate Insurance saw the cost of its new system rise from $8 million to a staggering $100 million and estimated completion was delayed from 1987 to 1903．Moreover, the problem seems to be getting worse: in 1988 the American Arbitration. Association took on 190 computer disputes, most of which involved defective systems.The claims totaled $200 million—up from only $31 million in 1984．(3)Complexity can also result in disaster: no computer is 100 percent guaranteed because it is virtually impossible to anticipate all sorts of critical applications, such as saving lives, flying air craft, running nuclear power stations, transferring vast sums of money, and controlling missile systems—sometimes with tragic consequences.For example, between 1982and 1987, some twenty-two servicemen died in five separate crashes of the United States Air Force's sophisticated Blackhawk helicopter before the problem was traced to its computer-based “fly-by-wire” system. At least two people died after receiving overdoses of radiation emitted by the computerized. There are 25 X-ray machines, and there are many other examples of fatal computer-based foul-ups.Popular areas for less life-threatening computer malfunctions include telephone billing and telephone switching software, bank statements and bank-teller machines, electronic funds-transfersystems, and motor-vehicle license data bases.Although computers have often taken the “blame”on these occasions, the ultimate cause of failure in most cases is, in fact, human error.Every new technology creates new problems—as well as new benefits—for society, and computers are no exception. (4)But digital computers have rendered society especially vulnerable to hardware and software malfunctions.Sometimes industrial robots go crazy, while heart pacemakers and automatic garage door openers are rendered useless by electromagnetic radiation or “electronic smog” emitted from point-of-sale terminals, personal computers, and video games.Automated teller machines (A TMs) and pumps at gas stations are closed down because of unforeseen software snafus.The cost of all this downtime is huge.(5)For example, it has been reported that British businesses suffer around thirty major mishaps a year. Revolving losses running into millions of pounds. These are caused by machine or human error and do not include human misuse in the form of fraud and sabotage. The cost of failures in domestically produced software in the United Kingdom alone is conservatively estimated at $900 million per year. In 1989, a British Computer Society committee reported that much software was now so complex that current skills in safety assessment were inadequate and that therefore the safety of people could not be guaranteed.Part ⅢChinese-English T ranslation (25%)Directions: Translate the following short paragraph into English and write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.1．一位负责扶贫工作的官员说，到2004年底，尽管大多数贫困人口将解决温饱问题，然而还将有一些生活极端贫困的人们，他们还需要政府资助。

武汉理工大学2004年研究生入学考试试题课程代码：455 课程名称：语言学及英美文学（共页，共题，答题时不必抄题，标明题目序号）I. Choose the right answers to complete the following sentences (10%)1. The description of a language as it changes through time is a study.A. synchronicB. diachronicC. prescriptive2. The study of the physical properties of speech sounds is called phonetics.A. acousticB. articulatoryC. auditory3. The description of the sound segments [∫] is .A. V oiceless post alveolar fricativeB. V oiceless dental fricativeC. V oiceless velar fricative4. The word “friendships” contains bound morphemes(s)?A. oneB. twoC. three5. is a type of control over the form of some words by other words in certain syntactic constructions.A. ConcordB. GovernmentC. Binding6. If the word “insect” is the hyponym of the word “animal” then the word “animal” is theof the word “insect”.A. super ordinateB. co-hyponymC. antony7. The word “brunch” is an example of in word formation.A. blendingB. acronymC. borrowing8. In logical system; propositions like “Socrates is a man” will be analyzed into two parts”.A. two argumentsB. two predicatesC. an argument and a predicate9. is the study of meaning in context.A. SociolinguisticsB. SemanticsC. Pragmatics10. The language variety of individual users is called “”.A. idiolectB. dialectC. registerII. Give brief answers to the following (90%)1. One of the design features of language is duality. What does it mean? (5%)2. What does free variation mean in the phoneme theory?3. What is the distinction between endocentric and exocentric constructions in syntactic analysis? (10%)4. What is the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis? (8%)5. What is the distinction between gradable antonymy and complementary antonymy? (10%)6. What is the theory of metafunctions of language proposed by Halliday? (4%)7. What is linguistic sexism? Give examples to illustrate it? (10%)8. What is communicative competence? (4%)9. A is reading the newspaper. When B asks “what’s on television tonight?” he answers “Nothing”what does A mean in normal situations? Think of two situations in which this interpretation of “Nothing” will be cancelled. (10%)10. What is coarticalation? (4%)11. The notion of markedness is useful for coming to grips with many other phenomena in language.Examine the following two sentences and explain why(1) is odd while (2) is fine, using the notion of markedness. (20%)(1) Jane is an eyed and haired girl.(2) Jane is a blue-eyed and long-haired girl.III. Define the literary terms listed below. (10)1. conceit2. naturalism3. modernism4. local colorismIV. Give an account of each of the following. (20)1. Soames Forsyte2. Maggie Tulliver3. Moby Dick4. Rip V an WinkleV. Give the name of the author for each of the quotations listed below and interpret the themes the poets mean to express. (20)1. You may as well go stand upon the beachAnd bid the main flood bate his usual height;You may as well use question with the wolf,Why he hath made the ewe bleat for the lamb;You may as well forbid the mountain pinesTo wag their high tops and to make no noiseWhen they are fretten with th4e gusts of heaven;You may as well do anything most hardAs seek to soften that—than which what’s harder?—His Jewish heart.2. There was a child went forth every day,And the first object he look’d upon, that object he became,And that object became part of him for the day or a certain part ofthe day,Or for many years or stretching cycles of years.…His own parents, he that had father’d him and she that had conceiv’dhim in her womb and birth’d him,They gave this child more of themselves than that,They gave him afterward every day, they became part of him.。

武汉大学2004年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题科目名称：语言学基础科目代号：3321. Explain and exemplify the following terms (5×10=50)(1) performative function(2) free variation(3) productivity(4) embedding(5) allomorph(6) presupposition(7) blending(8) social dialect(9) conversational implicature(10) Sapir -Whorf hypothesis2. Briefly answer the following questions: (10×4=40)(1) What are the differences between a proficiency test and an achievement test?(2) What are the differences between contrastive analysis and non-constructiveanalysis?(3) What are the three kinds of antonyms?(4) What are endocentric construction and exocentric construction?3. Essay problems: (20×3=60)(1) Your comment on validity and reliability.(2) Your understanding of Chomsky‟s innaten ess hypothesis.(3) Discussion of the following comment on linguists' actions:“Americans…divide into two parties. The larger…t akes it for granted that there is a right way to use words and construct sentences, and…many wrong ways…. The professional ling uists… deny that there is such a thing as correctness. The language, they say, is what anybody and everybody speaks... They suggest that… the very idea of better or worse in speech is a hangover from aristocratic… times….Somewhat inconsistently, the linguists produce dictionaries in which they tell us that a word or an expression is standard, substandard, colloquial, archaic, slang, or vulgar……Standard‟ gets around the difficulty of saying …best‟or …r ight.‟”参考答案（武汉大学2004研）1. Explain and exemplify the following terms (5×10=50)(1) performative function(2) free variation(3) productivity(4) embedding(5) allomorph(6) presupposition(7) blending(8) social dialect(9) conversational implicature(10) Sapir -Whorf hypothesis参考答案：1.（1）The performative function of language is primarily to change the social status of persons and it can extend to the control of reality as on some magical or religious occasions .For example :in Chinese when someone breaks a bowl the host or the people present are likely to say sui sui ping an (every day be safe and happy ) as a means of controlling the forces which the believers feel might affect their lives .（2）Free variation is the interchangeable relationship between two phones, in which the phones may substitute for one another in the same environment without causing a change in meaning.For example : the final consant of cup may not be released by some speakers so there is no audible sound at the end of this word . In this case ,it is the same word pronounced in two different ways : [ ♒ ✈☐ ♒]and[ ♒ ✈☐┐].(The diacritic “┐”indicates “no audible release ” in IPA symbols.)(3) Language is productive in that it makes possible the construction and interpretation of new signals by its users .(4)(5) An allomorph refers to a member of a set of morphs ,which represent the same morpheme .Take the plural morpheme ｛-s｝.Phonetically , it is realized by /s/,/z/, /iz/, which are thus said to be allomorphs of｛-s｝.(6)(7)Blending is a relatively complex form of compounding , in which two words are blended by joining the initial part of the first word and the final part of the second word ,or by joining the initial part of the two words .(8) Social dialect is defined by linguistic differences associated with respective definable social group even within the same geographical location.(9) Conversational implicature refers to the use of conversational maxims to imply meaning during conversation.(10) Sapir -Whorf hypothesis is a theory put forward by the American anthropological linguists Sapir and Whorf, which states that the way people view the world is determined or partly determined by the structure of their native language.For example : smoke ＋fog →smog .武汉大学2004年攻读硕士学位研2. Briefly answer the following questions: (10×4=40)(1) What are the differences between a proficiency test and an achievement test?(2) What are the differences between contrastive analysis and non-constructiveanalysis?(3) What are the three kinds of antonyms?(4) What are endocentric construction and exocentric construction?参考答案：（1）（2）（3）The three kinds of antonyms are gradable antonyms , complementary antonyms and converse antonyms . Antonyms are words with opposite meaning. Gradable antonyms refer to antonyms that differ in terms of degree .For example , good and bad .Complementary antonyms are a pair of antonyms complementary to each other .Not only the assertion of one means the denial of the other ,the denial of one also means the assertion of the other .For example ,male and female .Converse antonyms do not constitute a positive-negative opposition ,they only show the reversal of a relationship between two entities . For example , husband and wife .(4) An endocentric construction is one whose distribution is functionally equivalent ,or approaching equivalence , to one of its constituents ,which serves as the center ,or head ,of the whole .A typical example is the three small children with c hildren as its head .The exocentric construction ,opposite to the first type ,is defined negatively as a construction whose distribution is not functionally equivalent to any of its constituents . Prepositional phrasal like on the shelf are typical examples of this type .3. Essay problems: (20×3=60)(1) Your comment on validity and reliability.(2) Your understanding of Chomsky‟s in nateness hypothesis.(3) Discussion of the following comment on linguists' actions:“Americans…divide into two parties. The larger…t akes it for granted that there is a right way to use words and construct sentences, and…many wrong ways…. The professional linguists… deny that there is such a thing as correctness. The language, they say, is what anybody and everybody speaks... They suggest that… the very idea of better or worse in speech is a hangover from aristocratic… times….Somewhat inconsistently, the linguists produce dictionaries in which they tell us that a word or an expression is standard, substandard, colloquial, archaic, slang, or vulgar……Standard‟ gets around the difficulty of saying …best‟or …r ight.‟”。

做试题,没答案?上自考365,网校名师为你详细解答!全国2004年4月高等教育自学考试综合英语（二）试题答案及解析课程代码：00795Ⅰ.语法、词汇。

用适当的词填空。

从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出一个正确答案,并在答题纸上写上所选答案的字母。

(本大题共25小题,每小题1分,共25分)1题：正确选项为B。

因为：固定搭配为as much as 比较级结构, 表示“和…一样多”。

2题：正确选项为C。

因为：在河流、山川等名词前要加上定冠词。

3题：正确选项为D。

因为：表示“那些书”用those，参考句中over there一词。

4题：正确选项为C。

因为：为非限制性定语从句的用法，前面有逗号隔开。

5题：正确选项为A。

因为：due to表示“因为，由…引起”，常用于贬义；thanks to 表示“由于”，用于褒义；because和for后接从句。

6题：正确选项为D。

因为：此句应用过去将来时；表示一般将来时常用介词in引导出时间状语。

7题：正确选项为D。

因为：must have done表示对过去事情的肯定判断；should have done/ ought to have done表示本该做而没做之意；had to表示不得不。

8题：正确选项为B。

因为：suggest带宾语从句时，从句谓语要用虚拟语气（should）＋动词原形。

9题：正确选项为C。

因为：比较级的用法。

10题：正确选项为A。

因为：no sooner…(than）放在句首时要倒装, 一般都用过去完成时。

11题：正确选项为B。

因为：强调所有的和每一个; 另each不用来修饰one of…。

12题：正确选项为D。

因为：引导让步状语从句，用even though。

13题：正确选项为B。

因为：by the time常与过去将来完成时或一般将来完成时连用，根据题意应用后者。

14题：正确选项为C。

因为：miss表示“错过”，overlook表示“忽视”，ignore表示“对某人故意不理睬，不打招呼”，neglect表示“疏忽”。

2004年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题（甘肃、青海等地卷）第一卷（共115分）第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）1. What does the man mean?A. He wants to know the time.B. He offers to give a lecture.C. He agrees to help the woman.2. What will the man probably do after the conversation?A. Wait there.B. Find a seat.C. Sit down3. Who are the speakers talking about?A. An actor.B. A writer.C. A tennis player.4. Where does the conversation most probably take place?A. On a farmB. In a restaurant.C. In a market.5. What does the man agree to do after a while?A. Take a break.B. Talk about his troubles.C. Meet some friends.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面一段材料，回答第6至第7题6. What it the man doing?A. Borrowing a book.B. Ordering a book.C. Buying a book.7. What has the man decided to take?A. Japan Since 1950.B. Japanese Social History.C. A Short History of Japan. 听下面一段材料，回答第8至第10题8. What is Sam going to do?A. Help the woman start her car.B. Lend the woman his car.C. Repair the woman‟s car.9. What do we know about the woman‟s car?A. It is in poor condition.B. It is made of faulty parts.C. It is being repaired.10. What suggestion does Sam give the woman?A. Try to start the car again.B. Wait till the price gets lower.C. Go and buy a new car.听下面一段材料，回答第11至第13题11. Who does Martin go to when he needs help?A. Friends.B. His family.C. His teacher.12. What are the two speakers mainly talking about?A. Friendship.B. Family members.C. Love and trust.13. What does Jean think of love in relation to friendship?A. Love is built on friendship.B. Love helps one find a real friend.C. Love is less important than friendship.听下面一段材料，回答第14至第17题14. How did the woman feel when she saw Johnson?A. Surprised.B. Excited.C. Sorry.15. What did Johnson and Linda do during the holiday?A. They went to the beach.B. They visited their aunt.C. They stayed at home.16. How long did Tony‟s family stay at Johnson‟s place?A. Two days.B. A week.C. Two months.17. How did Johnson feel about his holiday?A. Very dull.B. Pretty good.C. Rather tiring.听下面一段材料，回答第18至第20题18. Where is the speaker living now?A. In a city in England.B. In an eastern European country.C. In a small town with her aunt.19. What is still a problem to the speaker?A. The living conditions.B. The weather.C. Traffic rules.20. What is the woman?A. A touristB. A student.C. A driver.第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）21. Paul had to write a history paper, _____he couldn‟t find time to do it.A. butB. soC. becauseD. if22. -Tom graduated from college at a very young age.-Oh, he ______have been a very smart boy then.A. couldB. shouldC. mightD. must23. -Could I ask you a rather personal question?-__________.A. Yes, don‟t worryB. Of course, go aheadC. Yes, help yourselfD. Of course, why not24. There are altogether eleven books on the shelf, _____five are mine.A. on whichB. in whichC. of whichD. from which25. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when _____at the meeting by my boss.A. questioningB. having questionedC. questionedD. to be questioned26. The road is covered with snow. I can‟t understand_______they insist on going by motorbike.A. whyB. whetherC. whenD. how27. Alice returned from the manager‟s office, ________me that the boss wanted to see me at once.A. having toldB. tellsC. to tellD. telling28. The faces of four famous American presidents on Mount Rushmore can be seen from a _____of 60 miles.A. lengthB. distanceC. wayD. space29. -Thank goodness, you‟re here! What ______you?-Traffic jam.A. keepsB. is keepingC. had keptD. kept30. Several weeks had gone by ____I realized the painting was missing.A. asB. beforeC. sinceD. when31. The house could fall down soon if no one____some quick repair work.A. has doneB. is doingC. doesD. had done32. People may have different opinions about Karen, but I admire her. ______, she is a great musician.A. After allB. As a resultC. In other wordsD. As usual33. Lizzie was ____to see her friend off at the airport.A. a little more than sadB. more than a little sadC. sad more than a littleD. a little more sad than34. If you can‟t come tomorrow, we‟ll_____have to hold the meeting next week.A. yetB. evenC. ratherD. just35. -John, there is ____Mr Wilson on the phone for you.-I‟m in______bath.A. a; theB. the; aC. a; 不填D. the; 不填第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）Perhaps the most interesting person I have ever met is an Italian professor of philosophy who teaches at the University of Pisa. 36 I last met this man eight years ago, I have not forgotten his 37 qualities. First of all, I respected his 38 to teaching. Because his lectures were always well-prepared and clearly delivered, students crowded into his classroom. His followers liked the fact that he 39 what he taught. Furthermore, he could be counted on to explain his ideas in an 40 way, introducing such aids（辅助）to 41 as oil paintings, music, and guest lecturers. Once he 42 sang a song in class in order to make a point clear. 43, I admired the fact that he would talk to students outside the classroom or talk with them 44 the telephone. Drinking coffee in the cafe, he would easily make friends with students. Sometimes he would 45 a student to a game of chess（国际象棋）. 46, he would join student groups to discuss a variety of 47: agriculture, diving and mathematics. Many young people visited him in his office for 48 on their studies; others came to his home for social evenings. Finally, I was 49 by his lively sense of humor（幽默）. He believed that no lesson is a success 50, during it, the students and the professor 51 at least one loud 52. Through his sense of humor, he made learning more 53 and more lasting. If it is 54 that life makes a wise man smile and a foolish man cry, 55 my friend is indeed a wise man.36. A. Although B. When C. Even if D. Now that37. A. basic B. special C. common D. particular38. A. attention B. introduction C. relation D. devotion39. A. insisted on B. talked about C. believed in D. agreed with40. A. imaginative B. ordinary C. opposite D. open41. A. listening B. understanding C. information D. discovery42. A. also B. nearly C. even D. only43. A. Later B. Secondly C. However D. Therefore44. A. with B. by C. from D. on45. A. invite B. lead C. prefer D. show46. A. As a matter of fact B. Later on C. Other times D. In general47. A. questions B. subjects C. matters D. contents48. A. support B. explanation C. experience D. advice49. A. disturbed B. moved C. attracted D. defeated50. A. for B. until C. since D. unless51. A. hear B. suggest C. share D. demand52. A. laugh B. cry C. shout D. question53. A. helpful B. enjoyable C. practical D. useful54. A. natural B. normal C. hopeful D. true55. A. so B. for C. then D. yet第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）AAfter a quick breakfast in the station restaurant, Peter set off to look for a room where he could live for the next few months. He knew exactly what he wanted: a room which was not too small, nor so large that it would be difficult to heat in winter. It had to be clean and comfortable too but, above all, it had to be quiet. In the newspaper he had bought from the bookshop, there were very few advertisements（广告）for rooms to let. But, as he glanced down the page, a notice caught his eye.JOHNSON’S HOUSING AGENCYFLATS AND ROOMS TO LETThis seemed hopeful, so he made a note of the address and set off in search of the agency. He found it in a narrow street just off the main road. The woman at the desk gave him a bright smile as he entered and, after Peter had explained what sort of room he was looking for, he paid two pounds for a list of about half a dozen landladies who had rooms to let.56. What does the text mainly describe?A. Peter‟s room-hunting experience.B. Peter‟s determination to find a room.C. The difficulties in finding rooms.D. The housing market.57. Peter‟s most important consideration in choosing a room was that it should be______.A. neat and tidyB. away from noiseC. of the right sizeD. warm in winter58. The underlined word “this” in the second paragraph refers to_______.A. a list of rooms to let.B. the newspaper Peter boughtC. the notice in the restaurantD. Johnson‟s Housing AgencyBWhen Nancy Lublin received $5,000 from her grandfather in 1996, she never once considered taking a vacation or paying off student loans（贷款）. Instead, the 24-year-old New York University law student began thinking about helping low-income women get better jobs. “If a woman goes for a job interview （面试）poorly dressed, she won‟t get the job,” Lublin says. “But without a job, she can‟t afford suitable clothes.”So, with the money Lublin founded “Dress for Success” and began collecting women‟s clothes which wer e still in good condition but which their owners no longer needed. “So many women have clothes lying around that they will never wear again,” one of Lublin‟s assistants says. “Nancy‟s idea is so simple and yet so important to women.”Many women come to Lublin‟s office before going to a job interview. Here, they receive a suit, shoes and any other things they need. Since it was set up, more than 1,000 women have turned to “Dress for Success” for help. Many of them have won jobs after being out of work for many years. Jenny, a 32-year-old woman who wasrecently hired as a law-firm office manager, says, “I made a good impression（印象）because of …Dress for Success‟.”59. What can we learn from the text?A. Nancy‟s grandfather lent her the money to set up the office.B. Nancy‟s office gathers used clothes from women.C. Low-income women can get jobs at “Dress for Success”.D. Nancy set up “Dress for Success” to make money.60. “Dress for Success” attracts many women because they_______.A. like to wear different clothesB. like the design of the dressesC. prefer buying clothes at a low priceD. need to look smart when looking for a job61. From what Jenny says, we know that_____.A. she got a lot of good ideas from NancyB. she is working happily at her present job.C. clothes from Nancy‟s office helped to get her a job.D. “Dress for Success” has a good business relation with her firm62. What would be a good title for the text?A. Keep Your Old ClothesB. A Helping Hand for Women.C. Nancy: A Successful Law StudentD. A Successful Clothing BusinessCSitting is an art that isn‟t getting passed along. People these days feel as though they have to be doing something. If they are not working, they are jogging, or playing tennis or golf, or taking courses to improve their minds or bodies - or they are parked in front of the TV. Sitting in front of the TV isn‟t sitting-it‟s watching.People used to sit a whole lot. You would walk down the street or drive down the road, and there they would be, out on the doorsteps, sitting. You could go down to the store and sit on the bench out front in the summer or around the fire in the winter. There were sitting benches out in the town square. At the garage, there were straight-backed chairs. There among the oilcans and tires and spare parts, you could kick back and sit.Houses used to have sitting rooms, where the grown-ups would go after Sunday dinner. Mom and Dad, Grandpa and Aunt Ruby would sit and digest（消化）the fried chicken and talk about Aunt Ethel‟s illness, and how well the minister did today. Outside, the children would play, and the afternoon would pass by in a comfortable haze（悠闲的氛围）.That sort of thing looks like doing nothing. A recharging battery（正充电的电池）doesn‟t look as if it‟s doing anything either. Sitting restores your soul. If you want to enjoy a truly full life, don‟t just do something -sit there.63. What message does the author try to get through to us?A. People should make better use of their sitting room.B. People should spend less time watching TV.C. People should pass down their good habits.D. People should take things easy for their own good.64. We can learn from the second paragraph that______.A. people lived a more restful life in the pastB. towns were built to make living convenientC. small town garages had a lot to offerD. people enjoyed going out for a drive65. The sitting room mentioned in the text used to be a place for _______.A. eating foodB. watching TVC. gathering togetherD. playing with children66. From the text we know the writer believes______.A. sitting has a good spiritual effectB. sitting helps people remember the pastC. a sitting room may have different purposesD. a sitting room is important for the oldDHouston, Texas(June 8, 2002)-In 2004, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA)will send two robots（机器人）to separate places of Mars to seek out past or present signs of water. It is an exciting idea to send two robots driving over very different places of Mars at the same time, to be able to see what is on the other side of the hill.Last month, NASA announced it was sending one robot to Mars, but after two weeks, it decided there was enough money for two. The robots will be sent up within two weeks of each other in May and June of 2003 from Kennedy Space Center. If all goes well, the two spacecraft（宇宙飞船）will touch down on Mars, after a seven-and-a-half-month space flight, on January 2 and 20,2004.The robots, each weighing 150 kilograms, can cover 100 meters per day. They are designed to be able to examine the mineral content of the soil, and their special camera will take pictures of the lands and hills. Although they will be under control from Earth ,the robots are able to move more freely compared to those sent up before them.The actual landing points have not been determined yet, but the scientists say it will be in areas where they hope to find water.67. According to the news report, scientists plan to send robots up to Mars to_____.A. find out whether there is water on MarsB. see if robots can find minerals thereC. test how fast robots can drive thereD. prove that robots can work on Mars68. How long in between will the two robots be sent to Mars?A. 1 year.B. 7.5 months.C. 2 months.D. 2 weeks.69. One of the important jobs for the robots on Mars is to________.A. study the soilB. walk everywhereC. test the new cameraD. find a suitable landing point70. We can infer from the last sentence that scientists________.A. have changed the landing points many timesB. hope to land the robots on the surface of waterC. are still working on the planD. know where they can find waterETHE BRONTE FAMILYYorkshire, England was the setting for two great novels（小说）of the 19th century. There were Charlotte Bronte‟s Jane Eyre and Emily Bronte‟s Wuthering Heights. The youngest sister, Anne, was also a gifted novelist, and her books have the same extraordinary quality as her sisters‟Their father was Patrick Bronte, born in Ireland. He moved with his wife, Maria Bronte, and their six smallchildren to Haworth in Yorkshire in 1820. Soon after, Mrs Bronte and the two eldest children died, leaving the father to care for the remaining three girls and a boy.Charlotte was born in 1816. Emily was born in 1818 and Anne in 1820. Their brother Branwell was born in 1817. Left to themselves, the children wrote and told stories and walked over the hills. They grew up largely self-educated. Branwell showed a great interest in drawing. The girls were determined to earn money for his art education. They took positions as teachers or taught children in their homes.As children they had all written many stories. Charlotte, as a young girl, alone wrote 22 books, each with 60 to 100 pages of small handwriting. Therefore, they turned to writing for income. By 1847, Charlotte had written The Professor, Emily, Wuthering Heights; and Anne, Agnes Grey. After much difficulty Anne and Emily found a publisher（出版商）,but there was no interest shown in Charlotte‟s book. (It was not published until 1859.) However, one publisher expressed an interest in seeing more of her work. Jane Eyre was already started, and she hurriedly finished it. It was accepted at once; thus each of the sisters had a book published in 1847.Jane Eyre was immediately successful; the other two, however, did not do so well. People did not like Wuthering Heights. They said it was too wild, too animal-like. But gradually it came to be considered one of the finest novels in the English language. Emily lived only a short while after the publication of her book. and Anne died in 1849.Charlotte published Shirley in 1849, and Villette in 1853. In 1854 she married Arthur Bell Nicholls. But onlya year later, she died of tuberculosis（肺结核）as her sisters had.71. What did the Bronte sisters want to do for Branwell Bronte?A. Help him write stories.B. Help him get trained in art.C. Teach him how to draw well.D. Teach him how to educate himself.72. We know from the text that____.A. Jane Eyre was published in 1847B. Cgarlotte Bronte wrote 22 books in allC. the Bronte sisters received good educationD. Patrick Bronte helped his daughters with their writing73. Which of the following was published after the death of its writer?A. Shirley.B. Villette.C. Agnes Grey.D. The professor.74. The underlined words “the other two” in the 5th paragraph refer to______.A. Shirley and VilletteB. The Professor and Agnes GreyC. Agnes Grey and Wuthering HeightsD. The Professor and Wuthering Heights75. What do we know about the Bronte sisters from the text?A. Their novels interested few publishers.B. None of them had more than two books published.C. None of them lived longer than 40 years old.D. Emily was the least successful of the three.第二卷（共35分）第四部分：写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节：短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）Dear Susan,I‟m very glad to hear you are coming to visit 76. ___________me the next Friday. Unfortunately, I won‟t be able to77. ____________meet you at the airport although I have classes in the 78. ____________afternoon. You won‟t find difficult to get to the city79. ____________center. The airport bus leaves every 30 minute and 80. ____________will take you rightly to the Friendship Hotel. My class 81. ____________will be over by then or I will pick you up there. I will 82. ____________take you together to a hot-pot restauran for dinner 83. ____________and we‟ll talk with our plan for the weekend over84. ____________dinner. Having a pleasant trip and see you Friday. 85. ____________Yours,Zhang Ming第二节：书面表达（满分25分）假设你是李华，你的一位美国朋友Paul想在暑期来中国学习汉语。

一、辨识题（扼要比较下列每组概念的主要异同点。

）1、语言的形态学分类与谱系分类2、发声语音学与声学语音学3、洋泾浜语与克里奥耳语4、形态学描写的两种模型：IP（项目和变化）与IA（项目和配置）5、语素与形素二、分析题1、分析下列例句，简要回答问题：⑴下面的三个“失足”是否具有一致性，为什么？⑵它们在语法功能上有何异同？⑴一个行人失足落入了水中。

⑵他偶然失足犯了这样的错误⑶他一失足从楼上跌了下来。

2、下面是留学生造的病句（句前带星号），观察句子，分析毛病所在，把句子改过来（不能改变原意），并说明该病句反映了汉语什么样的语法规则。

⑴★白求恩不是见异思迁的一个人。

⑵★是不是你们觉得这个工厂很大吗？⑶（问：你是第几次来中国？）答：★我是第三次来中国的。

三、论述题1、举例说明什么是“句子成分分析法”?什么是“直接成分分析法”？试说明各自的优缺点。

2、商务印书馆新近出版的《新华新词语词典》收录了“包二奶”、“泡妞”、“三陪”等一批新词语。

有人认为，辞典收录这些明显带有负面信息的词语是不严肃、不恰当的。

请就这一问题谈谈你的看法。

下面是质疑者的主要观点。

其一，我们却是无法将代表负面现象的词汇“从人们口中除去”，但不能“从口中除去”的词汇，是否都有理由收入词典？如这种说法能够成立，“**的”等污言秽语，不都可以进词典了吗？其二，语言是人类思维、表达思想、传递文明的手段；词典，是汇集语言中的词汇，向人们提供释义与相关信息的工具书，既然知道有些词汇传递的是负面信息，怎能说在编撰词典时，不需要对入选词汇承担社会导向和道德评判责任？语言是随着社会的发展而发展的，词汇则是语言中罪活跃的因素，社会变革、科技发展、人们思维的活跃和观念的更新，都会通过新词汇反映出来，历史上每一次大的社会变革，都会涌现出一大批新词汇，在改革开放，中外文化交流激荡的过程中更是这样。

丁克族、互联网、涨停板、克隆等就是与时俱进中产生的新词语。

3、试举例说明中国人熟人之间见面打招呼的用语（招呼语）的常见类型及其心理功能和文化涵义。

全国2004年10月高等教育自学考试综合英语（二）试题课程代码：00795I. 词法、词汇。

用适当的词填空。

从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个正确答案，并在答题纸上将所选答案的字母涂黑。

（本大题共25小题，每小题1分，共25分）Complete each of the following sentences with the most likely answer. (25 points)1. Friendship is almost ______ union of a part of one mind with a part of another.A. /B. theC. aD. an2. ______ a large collection of works of science in Chinese, this library also keeps many science books inforeign languages.A. ExceptB. Except forC. In reference toD. In addition to3. It is not always easy to distinguish ______ words which look or sound alike or which have similar meanings.A. /B. fromC. betweenD. from among4. I really ______ go back to work tomorrow, but I feel so bad that I have decided to stay in bed for a few moredays.A. ought toB. canC. willD. may5.She did not hear what you said because she ______ in her reading.A. was absorbedB. absorbedC. is absorbedD. has been absorbed6.I voted for the proposal though ______ did.A. anyone elseB. somebody elseC. someone elseD. nobody else7.The enemy dropped hundreds of bombs over the city, ______ many deaths and great destruction.A. causeB. causedC. causingD. having caused8. Athletes ______ at the Olympic Games are supposed to be nonprofessionals.A. who competeB. who are competingC. who will competeD. who have competed9. ______ Jack wouldn’t take up the job, we might as well ask Richard to do it.A. ForB. SinceC. WhileD. Though10. “You haven’t been to the Niagara Falls?”“______, I haven’t.”A. Of course notB. NoC. YesD. Certainly11. They have abandoned city life and settled in the country, living on ______ in the fields. A. what they grow B. that they growC. how they growD. which they grow12.I ______ this three-room apartment without the money I borrowed from the bank.A. needn’t have boughtB. mustn’t have boughtC. shou ldn’t have boughtD. couldn’t have bought13. Your explanation was ______ satisfactory; you didn’t tell us the truth.A. far fromB. far awayC. farther fromD. farther away14. The trashman’s neighbors consider him highly ______ as he does work society needs.A. respectableB. respectfulC. respectiveD. respected15. He made ______ efforts for his degree examination and succeeded.A. constantB. stableC. steadyD. regular16. As an experienced driver, he often warns beginners not to ______ any risk.A. receiveB. takeC. acceptD. try17. The Chinese handicrafts he brought home are popular ______ his American friends.A. withB. withinC. inD. to18. The title of the 35th Nurse of the Year was granted to Miss Helen Taylor, who had devoted herself ______nursing for forty years.A. inB. intoC. toD. onto19. He is ______ of an expert on international law.A. somethingB. anythingC. everythingD. nothing20. China attaches great importance ______ the relationships with her neighbouring countries.A. ontoB. inC. toD. into21. He tried to appear calm, but his trembling voice gave him ______.A. upB. awayC. inD. off22. Many people have exaggerated ______ computers are capable of.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. how23.He was accused ______ drunken driving and was facing up to six months in prison.A. withB. againstC. ofD. by24. The kindhearted couple decide to ______ the child whose parents had been killed in an accident.A. adoptB. adaptC. adjustD. admit25. I wouldn’t study abroad. For one thing, I can’t afford the expenses; ______ I don’t think I can get used tolife there.A. for otherB. for the otherC. for othersD. for anotherII. 完形填空。