北师大版2020高考英语一轮复习写作讲义【词汇营造亮点】

北师大版2020高考英语一轮复习写作讲义【句式营造亮点14法】扮亮句式(一)作文若不劣——学会“越来越”在英语写作中，我们见证了太多的“越”。

你是否会因岁月的流逝，知识的沉淀而对这些迷人的“越”驾轻就熟了呢？先看以下例句：A growing number of students are faced with a bigger and bigger ly,with the College Entrance Examination approaching,they grow more and more nervous and anxious.To their despair,however,the more nervous and anxious they are,the less progress they make.上面语段可译为：越来越多的学生正面临着一个越来越大的问题。

随着高考临近，他们变得越来越紧张、焦躁。

然而，让他们绝望的是，他们越紧张、焦躁，他们取得的进步就越小。

句中出现了三处“越来越……”和一处“越……，就越……”，充分体现出了那些“越……”的无上妙用，让人读后回味无穷。

1．说到“越来越……”，大家的脑海里很快就会浮现出这样的模式：比较级＋比较级。

若修饰名词或是双音节和多音节的形容词或副词，我们常用more and more/less and less＋adj./adv./n.。

It comes as no surprise that customers are more and more demanding towards products and service.不可否认，顾客对产品和服务质量的要求越来越高。

2．若使用growingly/increasingly来替代more and more，用decreasingly来替代less and less，则更显过人之处。

同样，“越来越多的……”可使用a growing/an increasing number of...，“越来越少的……”可使用a declining/decreasing number of...。

Unit 15 Learning(一)课前自主学习Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意1．drill n．练习，训练2．motto n. 座右铭，格言3．receiver n. 接收者4．angle n. 角5．triangle n. 三角形6．atom n. 原子7．spit vi.吐痰，吐口水8．spy n. 间谍，特务9．kingdom n. 王国10．facility n. (供特定用途的)场所；设备11．choir n. 合唱队，合唱团12．oxygen n. 氧气，氧13．spelling n. 拼写14．throat n. 咽喉，喉咙15．postage n. 邮费16．rank n. 职衔17．shadow n. 阴影，影子18．blank adj. 空白的Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形1．adapt vt.(使)适应2．conventional adj. 传统的，保守的3．vital adj. 极其重要的4．punishment_n. 惩罚，处罚5．lack_vt. 缺乏，没有6．distinguish_vt. 区别，辨别7．access_n. (使用或见到的)机会，权利8．bury_vt. 埋葬9．unwilling_adj. 不情愿的10．thinking n. 思考，考虑11．pour_vt. 灌，倒12．select vt.[纵联1] 挑选13．reputation n. 名声，名誉14．obey_vt. 服从，听从15．outstanding_adj. [纵联2] 杰出的，优秀的16．acquire_vt. [纵联3] 获得，得到17．alternative adj. 非传统的；另类的18．assignment n. 作业；工作，任务19．correction n. 改正，改进20．simplify vt.[纵联4] 简化Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变1．ignore vt.忽视，不顾→ignorance n．无知2．suspect v．怀疑→suspicious adj.可疑的→suspicion n．怀疑，嫌疑3．urge vt.力劝，强烈要求→urgent adj.紧急的4．instruct v．教导，指导→instruction n．教育，指导→instructive adj.有益的；有教育意义的5．reflect vt.反映；反射 vi.思考→reflection n．反射；反省；想法6．worthwhile adj.值得努力的→worthy adj.值得的→worth adj.值得……的 n．价值7．defence n．保卫，保护→defend v．防御，保卫8．assumption n．假定，假设→assume vt.假定，假设9．inspire v．鼓舞；启发→inspiration n．灵感，鼓舞(激励)人心的人/事→inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的10．beneficial adj.有用的，有益的→benefit v．对……有益，受惠n.利益11．appreciation n．欣赏→appreciate vt.重视，鉴赏，感激12．approve v．赞成；认可；满意→approval n．赞成；认可；满意纵联1.各种“选择”①elect ②select③pick ④choose纵联2.“优秀”人才描绘词①outstanding杰出的②excellent优秀的③splendid极好的④first­class第一流的⑤talented/gifted有才能的⑥capable有能力的⑦intelligent聪明的⑧brilliant卓越的纵联3.“学习过程”词汇集锦①attend vt.参加；上学②concentrate vi.集中(精力) ③review vi.复习功课④acquire vt.获得，得到⑤absorb vt.吸收；理解⑥grasp vt.理解；领会⑦master vt.精通；掌握纵联4.以“­ify”结尾的动词荟萃①simplify简化②beautify美化③purify净化④identify鉴定；识别出⑤classify分类⑥horrify使恐惧单元话题——学习与教育子话题1 学习内容①vocabulary n．词汇②phrase n．短语③expression n．表达④idiom n．习语⑤dialect n．方言⑥accent n．口音⑦pronunciation n．发音⑧usage n．用法子话题2 学习过程①dictation n．听写②recite v．背诵③comprehension n．理解④memorize vt.记忆⑤preview vt.预习⑥analyze vt.分析⑦assessment n．评估⑧summarize vt.总结⑨debate v．辩论⑩review vt.复习⑪classify vt.分类⑫accumulate v．积累子话题3 学习结果①abundant adj.充足的②achievement n．成就③fluency n．流利④accomplish vt.完成⑤diploma n．毕业文凭⑥scholarship n．奖学金⑦standard adj.标准的⑧accuracy n．准确⑨specific adj.明确的⑩excellent adj.极好的子话题4 教育者及教育对象①educator n．教育工作者②professor n．教授③tutor n．家庭教师，导师④headmaster n．校长⑤headteacher n．班主任⑥graduate n．大学毕业生[学考对接·活学活用]高考采撷(一) 阅读中的词汇应用1．(2015·天津高考完形)“Sold！” said the owner. Then he explained: He'd seen us sitting by the lake all those times; he knew how much we loved the place and that we'd appreciate❶ the years of work they had put into their home; he realized he would take a loss by selling it to us, but it was worthwhile❷； we were the people they wanted to live there. He told us to consider the ❸ (different) in the price “an early wedding present.”①写出加黑词在本单元的同根名词：appreciation②写出加黑词在此处的汉语意思：值得努力的③用所给词的适当形式填空：difference2．(2013·陕西高考任务型阅读)Many parents find it helpful to have pets in the house for their children. Having pets is an excellent❶ way of developing in children the love of animals and responsibility. Children get❷ the opportunity to take ❸full responsibility for another creature's life.It will be an educational experience for a child to watch the natural life cycle of an animal. There are psychological (心理的)benefits❹ for children.Pets are welcome friends for children who are lonely.①写出加黑词在本单元的同义词：outstanding②用本单元的动词替换加黑词汇：acquire③处应填介词：on④写出加黑词在本单元的同根形容词：beneficial高考采撷(二) 写作中的词汇应用(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)1．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)既然你对传统的中国文化感兴趣，我认为这个节日很值得你体验。

Unit 2 Heroes(一)课前自主学习Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意1．spaceship n．[纵联1] 太空船2．manned spaceship 载人宇宙飞船3．launch n． [纵联1] 发射4．rocket n. 火箭5．dead (right) adv. 完全地，绝对地6．the United Nations 联合国7．helicopter n. 直升机8．protest n. 抗议9．awful adj. (口)糟糕的；极度的10．career n. 职业，一生的事业11．superhero n. 超级英雄12．charity n. 慈善，施舍13．keen adj. 强烈的；渴望的Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形1．calm_adj. 镇静的，沉着的2．character n. 人物；性格3．flight n. 飞行；航班4．medal n. 奖章，勋章5．involve vt. 涉及，参与6．disaster n. 灾难7．peacefully_ adv. 和平地，平静地8．reporter n. 记者，通讯员9．wave_vi. 挥手示意，致意10．revolution_n. 革命11．found vt. 建立，创立12．opinion n. 意见，看法，主张13．struggle n. 斗争，拼搏14．useless_adj. 差劲的；无用的15．unusual adj. 不平常的16．champion n. 冠军17．event n. 竞赛；事件18．athlete n．[纵联2] 运动员19．quality n. 质量；品质20．disabled adj. 残疾的21．march vi. & n．[纵联3] 游行示威；行军22．atmosphere n. 大气；气氛23．afterwards adv. 然后，后来24．generous adj. [纵联4] 慷慨的，大方的25．promote vt. [纵联5] 促进，提升Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变1．violent adj.暴力的→violently adv.猛烈地→violence n．暴力，暴行2．explore vt.探测；勘探→exploration n．探测→explorer n．勘探者3．personally adv.就自己而言→personal adj.个人的，私人的4．equal adj.平等的→equally adv.平等地→equality n．相等；平等5．skilful adj.灵巧的，熟练的→skilfully adv.熟练地→skill n．技巧6．compete vi.比赛，竞争→competition n．比赛→competitor n．竞争者，对手→competitive adj.竞争的；比赛的7．amazing adj.令人惊异的→amaze vt.使惊异→amazed adj.惊奇的，吃惊的8．fortunately adv.幸运地→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortune n．运气；财富；命运9．injury n．伤害，损害→injure vt.伤害；损害→injured adj.受伤的10．react vi.反应→reaction n．反应11．confident adj.自信的→confidently adv.自信地→confidence n．自信；信任纵联1.翱翔“太空”记单词①launch vt.发射②astronomy n．天文学③astronomer n．天文学家④astronaut n．宇航员⑤gravity n．万有引力⑥planet n．行星⑦orbit n．轨道⑧spaceship n．宇宙飞船⑨universe n．宇宙⑩satellite n．卫星⑪solar system太阳系⑫galaxy银河系纵联2.各显神通“运动员”①athlete运动员②competitor竞争者③champion冠军④coach教练⑤captain队长⑥referee裁判员⑦amateur业余选手⑧professional职业选手纵联3.靠腿“走”路①wander v．漫步；闲逛②pace v．踱步；缓慢而行③crawl v．爬行；匍匐行进④march v．行军，进军⑤rush v．冲；奔；闯⑥walk v．散步纵联4.“性格”相关形容词集锦①generous慷慨的②intelligent聪明的③devoted有献身精神的④confident自信的⑤creative富有创造力的⑥calm镇静的⑦considerate体贴的⑧gentle温柔的纵联5.“职场经历”相关词精选①appoint任命；委派②dismiss/fire开除；解雇③interview面试；采访④resign辞职⑤apply申请⑥promote升职⑦resume简历单元话题——人物介绍子话题1 人物关系①acquaintance n．熟人②companion n．同事③friend n．朋友④classmate n．同班同学⑤schoolmate n．校友⑥relative n．亲戚子话题2 外貌特征①beautiful adj.美丽的②elegant adj.文雅的③good­looking adj.好看的④handsome adj.帅气的⑤slim adj.苗条的⑥lovely adj.可爱的⑦glamorous adj.有魅力的⑧wide­eyed adj.大眼睛的⑨indifferent adj.冷漠的子话题3 内在品质①virtue n．美德②reliable adj.可信赖的③modest adj.谦虚的④sensitive adj.敏感的⑤thoughtful adj.考虑周到的⑥intelligence n．才智⑦distinction n．优秀⑧outstanding adj.杰出的⑨brilliant adj.有才气的⑩educated adj.有教养的⑪considerate adj.体贴的[学考对接·活学活用]高考采撷(一) 阅读中的词汇应用1．(2014·福建高考阅读A)At the front of the supermarket, a charity❶ group had set up❷ a stand selling cooked sausages and flowers to raise funds. Tenyson suggested that we should buy the lady a flower. “It will make her feel better，” he said. I was ❸ (amaze) that he'd come up with this sweet idea. So we went over to the flower seller and asked her if we could buy a flower for the lady to cheer her up. “Just take it，” she replied. “I can't take your money for sucha wonderful gesture.”①写出加彩词在此处的汉语意思：慈善②写出加彩词在本单元的同义词：found，空处所在句子应翻译为在超市的前面，一个慈善组织建立了一个卖熟香肠和鲜花的摊位来筹集资金。

写作微讲堂1．主语——句子的主体主语是句子的主体，是句子所要说明的人或事物，表示句子描绘的是谁或什么。

主语往常由名词 ( 短语 ) 、代词、数词、动词不定式( 短语 ) 、动名词 ( 短语 ) 或从句等充任。

Nowadays, after-class activities are becoming more and morepopular in high schools.现此刻，在高中课外活动变得愈来愈流行。

( 名词短语作主语 )(2020 ·江西高考 )Besides, developing a good habit of learning canhelp you improve your learning effectively.此外，养成优秀的学习习惯能帮助你有效地提高你的学习。

( 动名词短语作主语 ) (2020 ·浙江高考 )What we need most are popular science books.我们最需要的是科普书。

( 从句作主语 )2．谓语——主语的行为谓语用来描绘主语的行为动作、状态或特色。

谓语只能由动词( 短语 ) 充任，有人称、数和时态的变化。

(2020 ·安徽高考 )I have long been interested in space explorationand I believe I could learn a great deal from him about it.长久以来，我向来对太空探究感兴趣，我相信我能够从他那边学到好多知识。

( 实义动词作谓语 )(2020 ·湖南高考 )The watch is necessary in our daily life, but itsfunction is too simple and dull.腕表在我们平时生活中是必需的，但它的功能太简单古板了。

( 系表构造作谓语 ) 3．宾语——动作的对象宾语是动作的对象或蒙受者，一般位于及物动词和介词的后边。

北师大版 2020 高考英语一轮复习写作讲义【扩展句子，充实文章】不是不会写，而是不知写什么，尤其是面对越来越开放化的写作要点时，考生不善想象，不会发散，导致语句表达干瘪无物，直译要点，搜肠刮肚也凑不够词数，一脸窘态。

如何合理想象、扩充句式，让写作有血有肉，本部分从 4 个方面给予指导。

扩充策略 ( 一) 不走寻常路，靓句带你飞——追加成分高考英语书面表达不仅规定了写作内容，还明确规定了词数，并在评分标准中指出，如果“词数少于 80 和多于 120 的，从总分中减去 2 分”。

但在实际阅卷过程中，如果词数过少，扣掉的不止是 2 分。

因为篇幅过短，不能吸引阅卷老师细看以便查找诸如“高级词汇”“较高级结构”等“加分点”，自然影响得分档次。

在试题“注意”中有明确规定：“ 1. 词数 100 左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯”。

这里既规定了词数，又指定了充实文章的方法，即“适当增加细节”。

“适当增加细节”其中很重要的一个方法就是——追加成分。

目的扩展句子，充实文章在要点句基础上适当增加合乎逻辑的附加成分，如定语(从句)、状语 ( 从句 )( 如目的、条件、原因、结果、方式等 ) 、非谓语结构、方法独立主格结构、举例等，使表达更丰满，内容更充实，主题更突出特色结构多变，句式多样[ 典例观摩悟法 ]1． ( 提醒演讲参赛选手) 要守时、讲卫生、守纪律。

Please arrive on time, keep quiet and don't litter around.→ Please arrive there on time,for whoever is latewon't be allowed to enter.It's badmanners to litter around.And always keep quietwhile waiting for your turn.[ 分析 ]原句虽然没有直译所给要点，且灵活化解了难点，但过于直白、语气较为生硬；而改写后的句子则进行了拓展，具体明确。

2020北师大版高中英语高考一轮复习-第1部分-必修1-U n i t-1-L i f e s t y l e s(总20页)-本页仅作为预览文档封面，使用时请删除本页-Unit 1Lifestyles[单词拼写应用]核心单词1．matter vi.要紧，有重大关系2．switch vt.转换，转变3．remote adj.遥远的4．stand vt.忍耐，忍受5．design n．& vt.设计6．nearby adj.附近的adv.在附近7．otherwise adv.否则；另外8．complain vi.抱怨；投诉9．midnight n．午夜，半夜10．expert n．专家11．sickness n．疾病12．lifestyle n．生活方式13．solve vt.解决；解答14．survey n．调查15．suppose vt.认为，猜想16．document n．公文，文件17．support v t.&n.支持；支撑[语境运用]用所给词的适当形式填空1．It is not what you say but what you do that matters (matter)．2．We asked him to assist us in designing (design) a new bridge.3．He switched (switch) from a back seat to a front one so that he could see clearly. 4．Many students complained (complain) about their too much homework in those days.5．Many other surveys (survey)have produced results in agreement with these figures. 6．The police have been trying to keep the documents (document) secret.7．These measures are strongly supported (support) by environmental groups. 8．We should develop the students' ability to solve (solve)problems.拓展单词1．peace n．和平→peaceful adj.平静的；和平的→peacefully ad v.和平地；平静地2．relax v t.&v i.放松→relaxed adj.松懈的，放松的→relaxing adj.令人轻松的，放松的3．stress n．压力→stressful adj.充满压力的，紧张的4．urge v t.催促；极力主张→urgent adj.急迫的，紧急的→urgency n．紧急；催促5．bore n．令人厌烦的人→bored adj.厌烦的，不感兴趣的→boring adj.令人厌烦的；无聊的→boredom n．厌烦；无聊6．suffer v i.遭受(痛苦)，感到疼痛→suffering n．痛苦，苦难→sufferer n．受苦者，受难者；患者7．social adj.社交的；社会的→society n．社会→socialism n．社会主义8．reduce v t.减少；降低→reduction n．减少9．organ n．器官；机构→organise v t.组织→organiser n．组织者→organisation n．组织10．prefer v t.更喜欢；宁愿→preference n．喜好；偏爱11．volunteer n．志愿者v t.&v i.自愿去做→voluntary adj.自愿的；志愿的12．graduate v i.毕业→graduation n．毕业13．challenge n．挑战v t.向……挑战→challenging adj.有挑战性的14．advertise v．做广告→advertiser n. 登广告的人；广告商→advertisement n．广告15．formal adj.正式的，合礼仪的→informal adj.非正式的16．distant adj.遥远的→distance n．距离[语境运用]用所给词的适当形式填空1．I don't want to work under stress and I am eager for a job that isn't stressful．(stress)2．Advertisers are supposed to be honest with the advertisements．If you advertise your goods in a dishonest way, you will be fined up to 50，000 yuan.(advertise) 3．Generally speaking, we feel relaxed while listening to some relaxing music.(relax) 4．When talking about my son's reading preference,_I think he prefers science books.(prefer)5．The organiser said an international organisation offered much money to organise the activity.(organise)6．Nowadays with the development of society, many volunteers do voluntary work without any pay.(volunteer)7．In a way，challenges are good for developing our strong characters and I like doing challenging work.(challenge)8．The president invited him to his private study for an informal talk before holding a formal meeting.(formal)阅读词汇1．couch n．长沙发，睡椅2．paperwork n．日常文书工作3．workaholic n．工作狂4．portable adj.轻便的，手提(式)的5．presentation n．表演；展示6．forecast n．预报；预测7．questionnaire n．问卷；调查表8．series n．系列节目；系列拓展联想1．-ant后缀表示“人”的词①servant n．仆人②applicant n．申请人③assistant n．助手2.合成名词(n.＋n.)①viewpoint 观点②weekend 周末③silkworm蚕3.动词＋up＋with构成的短语①catch up with赶上②keep up with跟上，不落后③end up with以……(方式)结束，告终[短语多维应用]高频短语1．at the moment 此刻，目前2．take up 占据；开始从事；拿起3．be filled with 充满着4．suffer from 忍受，遭受5．look forward to 盼望，期望6．as a result 结果[语境运用]选用左边短语的适当形式填空As far as I'm concerned, Li Hua is very busy ①at the moment, and his work ②takes up most of his his opinion, our life ③ is filled with challenges and chances are designed for those who work hard, so he would rather ④ suffer from being homesick.高频短语7．go off (爆竹、铃等)响8．over the years 数年间9．switch on/off/over 把开关打开/关闭/转换频道10．play a role/part in 在……中起作用11．come up with 追上，赶上；想出，找到12．get changed 换衣服，更衣[语境运用]选用左边短语的适当形式填空Tom gets up and starts to work hard every morning the moment his alarm clock ⑤goes off．In his spare time, he either listens to soft music to relax himself or ⑥switches on the TV to watch , he seldom ⑦ switches over to watch TV series.⑧ Over the years, he also has spent his spare time on the distance learning.拓展联想1．“结果”短语种种表达①as a result②as a result of③as a matter of fact④in consequence⑤as a consequence2.“盼望，期待”短语集汇①desire to do渴望做②long for/to do渴望/盼望(做)③look forward to盼望，期望④be eager for渴望，期待⑤be dying for/to do渴望/盼望(做)3.“get＋过去分词”常考短语大全①get dressed穿好衣服②get hurt受伤③get lost迷路④get promoted升职⑤get married结婚[句式结构仿写]精讲8个考纲词汇1．matter vi.要紧，重要；有重大关系 n．物质；问题；毛病(1)单句语法填空①It doesn't matter to me if I miss my train, because there's another one later.②Is the global warming a matter of life and death to mankind?③I lost my way in complete darkness and，to make matters (matter)worse，it began to rain.(2)[链接写作]——一句多译更为糟糕的是，由于严重的脚伤，我无法按计划和你一起去书店了。