卓然医学化验室 (英文名 Essence Medical Laboratory)简介

·医学检验·2012年10月第19卷第28期乙型肝炎（hepatitis B，简称乙肝）是一种严重危害人类健康、传播广泛的病毒传染性疾病，据世界卫生组织报道，全球约有20亿人感染乙型肝炎病毒，每年有超过60万人死于乙型肝炎病毒所致肝硬化或肝癌[1]。

乙型肝炎病毒侵入人体后，刺激人体免疫系统中的B淋巴细胞分泌出一种特异的免疫球蛋白G，也就是常说的乙型肝炎病毒表面抗体（HB-sAb），它可以与表面抗原特异地结合，与人体的其他免疫功能共同作用消除掉病毒，保护人体不再受HBV的感染[2]。

所以，乙型肝炎表面抗体（HBsAb）是一种中和抗体，具有保护作用，它的检测是判断疫苗接种效果的重要指标[3]。

目前，乙型肝炎表面抗体的检测主要还依赖于酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）来判断是否阳性，并不能说明HBsAb是否能达到对机体的保护作用。

电化学发光法（ECLIA）作为一种新型标记免疫分析技术，在临床工作中也得到了越来越广泛的应用。

笔者2011年8～11月对本院536例HBsAb阳性的标本分别使用电化学发光法和ELISA方法进行检测，并对检测结果进行分析比较。

1材料与方法1.1标本来源选取沈阳医学院奉天医院2011年8～11月门诊和住院患者HBsAb为阳性的血液标本536份。

1.2仪器及试剂ECLIA采用Roche E170型全自动电化学发光免疫分析仪，HBsAb试剂盒、校准品、质控品均由Roche公司提供。

严格按照仪器和试剂说明书进行校准、质控、检测等操作。

ELISA法采用上海科华HBsAb试剂盒检测，实验仪器为安图酶标仪和洗板机。

所有试剂均在有效期内使用。

1.3阳性标准ECLIA法≥10IU/L为阳性；ELISA法按照说明书确定临界值：为2.1×阴性对照（阴性对照<0.05按0.05计算），每次标本测定值（S/CO）≥临界值为阳性。

1.4统计学处理数据采用SPSS11.0软件进行四格表分析。

注: 在某些学科（如微生物学）中，一项检验是多个试验、观察或测量的总体活动。

3.4实验室能力laboratory capability进行相应检验所需的物质、环境和信息资源，以及人员、技术和专业知识。

注：实验室能力的评审可包括先前参加的实验室间比对、外部质量评审计划或检验程序确认试验的结果，或全部上述内容的结果，以证实测量的不确定度、检出限等。

3.5实验室负责人laboratory director有能力对实验室负责并经授权的一个或多个人。

注1：在本标准中所指的一个或多个人统称为实验室负责人。

注2：有关的资格和培训应遵循国家、地区和当地的规定。

3.6实验室管理层laboratory management在实验室负责人领导下管理实验室活动的人员。

3.7测量measurement以确定量值为目的的一组操作［VIM：1993，定义2.1］3.8医学实验室medical laboratory临床实验室clinical laboratory以为诊断、预防、治疗人体疾病或评估人体健康提供信息为目的，对来自人体的材料进行生物学、微生物学、免疫学、化学、血液免疫学、血液学、生物物理学、细胞学、病理学等检验的实验室。

实验室可以提供其检查范围内的咨询性服务，包括结果解释和为进一步适当检查提供建议。

注：上述的检验还包括用于确定、测量或描述各种物质或微生物存在与否的操作。

仅仅采集或准备样品的机构，或作为邮寄分发中心的机构，尽管可以作为大型实验室网络体系的一个部分，却不能称为医学或临床实验室。

3.9检验后程序post-examination procedures分析后期postanalytical phase检验后的全部过程包括系统性的评审，规范格式和解释，授权发布，结果的报告与传递，检验样品的储存等。

3.10检验前程序pre-examination procedures分析前期preanalytical phase按照时间的顺序，从临床医生开出医嘱开始，到分析检验程序启动时终止的步骤，包括检验申请、患者的准备、原始样品的采集，运送到实验室并在实验室内进行传输。

检验科标示(biāo shì)、标牌制作一、检验科（大标牌(biāo pái)）注：中英文Clinical Laboratory二（小标牌(biāo pái)）注：中英文1 检验科学习室Study Room2 检验科主任(zhǔrèn)办公室Director’s Office3 血液病学实验室Haematology Laboratory4 体液(tǐyè)检验室Body Fluid Testing Laboratory5 临床生物化学实验室Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory6 生化标本处理间Biochemistry Specimen Handing Room7 免疫、HIV初筛实验室Immunology and HIV Prescreening Laboratory8 值班室On-duty Room9 化学发光免疫室Chemiluminescence Immunoassay Laboratory10 微量元素检测室Trace Elements Detection Room11 PCT检测室PCT Detection Room12 血液学检验室（2块）Hematology Laboratory13 库房Storeroom14 标本储存室Specimen Storage Room三标示注: 中文1 中夜班急诊采血窗口2 门诊采血窗口①3 门诊采血窗口②4 门诊采血窗口③5 门诊检验报告发放窗口④原子(yuánzǐ)发射光谱仪--Atomic Emission Spectrometer(AES)电感(diàn ɡǎn)偶合等离子体发射光谱仪Inductive Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometer(ICP)直流等离子体(děnglízǐtǐ)发射光谱仪--Direct Current Plasma Emission Spectrometer(DCP)紫外-可见光分光(fēn ɡuānɡ)光度计--UV-Visible Spectrophotometer(UV-Vis)微波(wēibō)等离子体光谱仪--Microwave Inductive Plasma Emission Spectrometer(MIP)原子吸收光谱仪--Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy(AAS)原子荧光光谱仪--Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy(AFS)傅里叶变换红外光谱仪--FT-IR Spectrometer(FTIR)傅里叶变换拉曼光谱仪--FT-Raman Spectrometer(FTIR-Raman)气相色谱仪--Gas Chromatograph(GC)高压/效液相色谱仪High Pressure/Performance Liquid Chromatography(HPLC)离子色谱仪--Ion Chromatograph凝胶渗透色谱仪--Gel Permeation Chromatograph(GPC)体积排阻色谱--Size Exclusion Chromatograph(SEC)X射线荧光光谱仪--X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer(XRF)X射线衍射仪--X-Ray Diffractomer(XRD)同位素X荧光光谱仪--Isotope X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer电子能谱仪--Electron Energy Disperse Spectroscopy能谱仪--Energy Disperse Spectroscopy(EDS)质谱仪--Mass Spectrometer(MS)ICP-质谱联用仪--ICP-MS气相色谱-质谱联用仪--GC-MS液相色谱-质谱联用仪--LC-MS核磁共振波谱仪--Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometer(NMR)电子顺磁共振波谱仪--Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectrometer(ESR)极谱仪--Polarograph伏安仪--Voltammerter自动滴定仪--Automatic Titrator电导仪--Conductivity Meter pH计--pH Meter水质分析仪--Water Test Kits电泳仪--Electrophoresis System表面科学--Surface Science电子显微镜--Electro Microscopy光学显微镜--Optical Microscopy金相显微镜--Metallurgical Microscopy扫描探针显微镜-Scanning Probe Microscopy表面分析仪--Surface Analyzer无损检测仪--Instrument for Nondestructive Testing物性分析--Physical Property Analysis热分析仪--Thermal Analyzer粘度计--Viscometer流变仪--Rheometer粒度分析仪--Particle Size Analyzer热物理性能测定仪--Thermal Physical Property Tester电性能测定仪--Electrical Property Tester光学性能测定仪--Optical Property Tester机械性能测定仪--Mechanical Property Tester燃烧性能测定仪--Combustion Property Tester老化性能测定仪--Aging Property Tester生物技术分析--Biochemical analysisPCR仪--Instrument for Polymerase Chain ReactionDNA及蛋白质的测序和合成(héchéng)仪--Sequencers and Synthesizers for DNA and Protein传感器--Sensors其他(qítā)--Other/Miscellaneous流动分析(fēnxī)与过程分析--Flow Analytical and Process Analytical Chemistry气体(qìtǐ)分析--Gas Analysis基本(jīběn)物理量测定--Basic Physics样品处理--Sample Handling金属/材料元素分析仪--Metal/material elemental analysis环境成分分析仪--CHN Analysis发酵罐--Fermenter生物反应器--Bio-reactor摇床--Shaker离心机--Centrifuge超声破碎仪--Ultrasonic Cell Disruptor超低温冰箱--Ultra-low Temperature Freezer恒温循环泵--Constant Temperature Circulator超滤器--Ultrahigh Purity Filter冻干机--Freeze Drying Equipment部分收集器--Fraction Collector氨基酸测序仪--Protein Sequencer氨基酸组成分析仪--Amino Acid Analyzer多肽合成仪--Peptide synthesizer DNA测序仪--DNA Sequencers DNA合成仪--DNA synthesizer紫外观察灯--Ultraviolet Lamp分子杂交仪--Hybridization Oven PCR仪--PCR Amplifier化学发光仪--Chemiluminescence Apparatus紫外检测仪--Ultraviolet Detector电泳--Electrophoresis酶标仪--ELIASACO2培养箱--CO2Incubators倒置显微镜--Inverted Microscope超净工作台--Bechtop流式细胞仪--Flow Cytometer微生物自动分析系统--Automatic Analyzer for Microbes生化分析仪--Biochemical Analyzer血气分析仪--Blood-gas Analyzer电解质分析仪--Electrolytic Analyzer尿液分析仪--Urine Analyzer临床药物浓度仪--Analyzer for Clinic Medicine Concentration血球计数器--Hematocyte Counter CO2培养箱CO2Incubators DNA测序仪DNA Sequencers DNA合成仪DNA synthesizerDNA及蛋白质的测序和合成仪Sequencers and Synthesizers for DNA and Protein ICP-质谱联用仪ICP-MS ICP-MSPCR仪Instrument for Polymerase Chain Reaction PCR PCR仪PCR Amplifier pH计pH MeterX射线衍射仪X-Ray Diffractomer XRDX射线荧光光谱仪X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer XRF氨基酸测序仪Protein Sequencer氨基酸组成(zǔ chénɡ)分析仪Amino Acid Analyzer表面(biǎomiàn)分析仪Surface Analyzer表面(biǎomiàn)科学Surface Science部分(bù fen)收集器Fraction Collector超低温冰箱Ultra-low Temperature Freezer超净工作台Bechtop超滤器Ultrahigh Purity Filter超声破碎(pò suì)仪Ultrasonic Cell Disruptor传感器Sensors倒置显微镜Inverted Microscope电导仪Conductivity Meter电感偶合等离子体发射光谱仪Inductive Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometer ICP电解质分析仪Electrolytic Analyzer电性能测定仪Electrical Property Tester电泳Electrophoresis电泳仪Electrophoresis System电子能谱仪Electron Energy Disperse Spectroscopy电子顺磁共振波谱仪Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectrometer ESR电子显微镜Electro Microscopy冻干机Freeze drier/Lyophilizer多肽合成仪Peptide synthesizer发酵罐Fermenter分子杂交仪Hybridization Oven伏安仪Voltammerter傅里叶变换红外光谱仪FT-IR Spectrometer FTIR傅里叶变换拉曼光谱仪FT-Raman Spectrometer FTIR-Raman高压/效液相色谱仪High Pressure/Performance Liquid Chromatography HPLC光学显微镜Optical Microscopy光学性能测定仪Optical Property Tester核磁共振波谱仪Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrometer NMR恒温循环泵Constant Temperature Circulator化学发光仪Chemiluminescence Apparatus环境成分分析仪CHN Analysis激光共聚焦扫描显微镜Laser scanning confocal microscope机械性能测定仪Mechanical Property Tester基本物理量测定Basic Physics极谱仪Polarograph金相显微镜Metallurgical Microscopy金属/材料元素分析仪Metal/material elemental analysis老化性能测定仪Aging Property Tester离心机Centrifuge离子色谱仪Ion Chromatograph粒度分析仪Particle Size Analyzer临床药物浓度仪Analyzer for Clinic Medicine Concentration流变仪Rheometer流动分析与过程分析Flow Analytical and Process Analytical Chemistry流式细胞仪Flow Cytometer酶标仪ELIASA能谱仪Energy Disperse Spectroscopy EDS尿液分析仪Urine Analyzer凝胶渗透色谱仪Gel Permeation Chromatograph GPC其他Other/Miscellaneous气体分析Gas Analysis气相色谱仪Gas Chromatograph GC气相色谱-质谱联用仪GC-MS GC-MS燃烧性能测定仪Combustion Property Tester热分析仪Thermal Analyzer热物理性能测定仪Thermal Physical Property Tester扫描探针显微镜Scanning Probe Microscopy生化分析仪Biochemical Analyzer生物反应器Bio-reactor生物技术分析Biochemical analysis水质分析仪Water Test Kits体积排阻色谱Size Exclusion Chromatograph SEC同位素X荧光(yíngguāng)光谱仪Isotope X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer 微波(wēibō)等离子体光谱仪Microwave Inductive Plasma Emission Spectrometer MIP微生物自动分析(fēnxī)系统Automatic Analyzer for Microbes无损(wú sǔn)检测仪Instrument for Nondestructive Testing物性(wù xìnɡ)分析Physical Property Analysis血气分析仪Blood-gas Analyzer血球计数器Hematocyte Counter样品处理Sample handling摇床Shaker液相色谱-质谱联用仪LC-MS原子力显微镜atomic force microscope原子发射光谱仪Atomic Emission Spectrometer AES原子吸收光谱仪Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy AAS原子荧光光谱仪Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy AFS粘度计Viscometer直流等离子体发射光谱仪Direct Current Plasma Emission Spectrometer DCP质谱仪Mass Spectrometer MS紫外观察灯Ultraviolet Lamp紫外检测仪Ultraviolet Detector紫外-可见光分光光度计UV-Visible Spectrophotometer UV-Vis自动滴定仪Automatic Titrator层流净化罩/柜Laminar flow hood排风罩/柜Exhaust hood内容总结。

实验室衰弱指数对老年CAP住院患者并发脓毒症及脓毒性休克风险的预测价值任燕，陈善萍，周莉华，王凌霄，管丽娟，杨永学△摘要：目的　探讨实验室衰弱指数（FI-LAB）对老年社区获得性肺炎（CAP）住院患者发生脓毒症及脓毒性休克风险的预测价值。

方法　回顾性纳入住院的老年CAP患者502例。

选取40个入院后24 h内首次采集的常规实验室指标和生命体征指标构建FI-LAB，FI-LAB＜0.35为非衰弱组，FI-LAB≥0.35为衰弱组。

判定脓毒症和脓毒性休克的发生情况。

采用修正Poisson回归构建预测模型并采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析预测价值。

结果　多因素修正Poisson回归分析显示衰弱是老年CAP并发脓毒症和脓毒性休克的危险因素（P＜0.001）。

将FI-LAB乘以100后纳入多因素修正Poisson回归分析，发现FI-LAB每增加0.01，发生脓毒症及脓毒性休克的风险分别增高5.9%和6.2%（均P＜0.001）。

FI-LAB预测脓毒症及脓毒性休克的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.865和0.850，最佳截断值分别为0.28和0.42。

结论　衰弱增加CAP并发脓毒症及脓毒性休克的风险。

FI-LAB可预测CAP患者发生脓毒症和脓毒性休克的风险，早期发现高危人群。

关键词：脓毒症；休克，脓毒性；肺炎；老年人；衰弱指数中图分类号：R592 文献标志码：A DOI：10.11958/20230833The predictive value of laboratory frailty index for the risk of sepsis and septic shock inelderly CAP inpatientsREN Yan, CHEN Shanping, ZHOU Lihua,WANG Lingxiao, GUAN Lijuan, YANG Yongxue△Department of Geriatrics, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Affiliated Fifth People's Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu/ CancerPrevention and Treatment Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu 611137, China△Corresponding Author　E-mail:*************Abstract: Objective　To investigate the value of laboratory frailty index (FI-LAB) in predicting the risk of sepsis and septic shock in elderly hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Methods　A total of 502 elderly CAP patients hospitalized in Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital were retrospectively included. Forty routine laboratory indexes and vital signs collected for the first time within 24 hours after admission were selected to construct FI-LAB. Patients with FI-LAB ≥ 0.35 were defined as the frail group, while patients with FI-LAB＜ 0.35 were defined as the non-frail group. The occurrence of sepsis and septic shock was observed. The predictive model was established by modified Poisson regression, and the predictive value was analyzed by the ROC curve of the subjects. Results　Multivariate modified Poisson regression analysis showed that frailty was a risk factor for sepsis (P＜0.001) and septic shock (P=0.001) in elderly patients with CAP (P＜0.001). When FI-LAB was multiplied by 100 and included in the multivariate Poisson regression analysis, it was found that for every 0.01 increase in FI-LAB, the risk of sepsis and septic shock increased by 5.9% and 6.2% (both P＜0.001). The area under ROC curve of FI-LAB for predicting sepsis and septic shock was 0.865 and 0.850 (both P＜0.001), respectively, and the best cut-off values were 0.28 and 0.42, respectively. Conclusion　Frailty increases the risk of CAP complications with sepsis and septic shock. FI-LAB can predict the risk of sepsis in CAP patients and detect high-risk groups early.Key words:sepsis; shock, septic; pneumonia; aged; frailty index脓毒症是机体对感染反应失调所致的全身炎症反应综合征，是社区获得性肺炎（community-acquired pneumonia，CAP）的常见并发症和主要致死原因，可进展为脓毒性休克，严重危害老年人的健 基金项目：四川省医学青年创新科研课题计划项目（Q19036） 作者单位：成都市第五人民医院（成都中医药大学附属第五人民医院/第二临床医学院）老年医学科，成都市老年疾病研究所/成都市肿瘤防治所（邮编611137） 作者简介：任燕（1989），女，主治医师，主要从事衰弱等老年医学方面研究。

妇产医院常用标识中英文对照月子中心Confinement Center住院病房 Inpatient WardVIP病区VIP Inpatient Ward分娩室Delivery Room新生儿沐浴抚触室Baby Swimming & Massage 新生儿重症监护中心NICU婴儿游泳中心Baby Swimming手术室Operating Room妇科中心Gynecology Center不孕不育中心Infertility Center计划生育中心Birth Control Center输液中心Injection Center医学检验中心Clinical Lab医学整形中心Plastic Surgery Center理疗区Physical Therapy Area会员中心Membership Center心电图/彩超VIP ECG/ Ultrasound ROOM四维彩超4D Color Doppler Ultrasound胎心监护NST Room胎教音乐氧吧Music & Oxygen Bar孕教中心School for Pregnant Women产科诊室Obstetrics Clinic儿科诊室Pediatric Clinic哺乳室Nursing Room客服中心Customer Service Center预检分诊台Triage Station收银Cashier医保Medical Insurance中药房：TCM Pharmacy药房Pharmacy消毒供应中心Disinfection Supply Center配液室liquor room/Liquid Preparation抢救室resuscitation room/Emergency Room医务人员通道medical staff access孕期美容美发pregnancy beauty care salon产后SPA POSTPARTUM SPA配餐室pantry room咖啡café洁库Disposable Storage Room污库contamination storage医生办公室doctor’s office医生值班室doctor duty新生儿科Neonatology设备科Equipment Department信息部Ministry of Information病案室Medical Records Room好妈妈俱乐部Good Mummy Club阳光瑜伽房Sunny Yoga Room产后恢复室Postpartum Recovery Room纤体SPA房Slimming SPA Room营养餐厅Dining hall配餐台Food distribution cabin洽谈室Conference room休息区Rest room女更衣室 Women’s Dressing Room男更衣室 Men’s Dressing Room更衣室Changing Room洁具室Cleaning Tools Room体液：Body Fluid采血：Blood Drawing放标本处：Specimen取检查、检验结果处Test Reports报告发放处：Report issuing微生物实验室Microbiology LaboratoryHIV初筛实验室HIV primary screening laboratory 血库Blood Bank储血室Blood Storage room医务人员通道Medical staff channel无菌室Asepsis room无菌物品存放间Sterile storage room爱婴病区Baby friendly ward污库Tainted Storage库房Storage Room卫生间Toilet妇女保健室Women's health care room高危产科High Risk Obstetrics常用温馨提示：男士止步Female Only当心碰撞Beware of Collisions当心台阶Mind the Step/Watch Your Step小心玻璃Caution! Glass小心滑倒/小心地滑Caution! Slippery /Caution! Wet Floor小心碰头Mind Your Head/Watch Your Head锐器！请注意Caution! Sharp Instruments危险，请勿靠近Danger! Keep Away伸手出水Automatic Tap请节约用水Please Save Water /Don’t Waste Water废物箱/垃圾箱 Trash/Litter请勿带宠物入内 No Pets Allowed请勿乱扔垃圾请勿随地吐痰No Spitting请保管好您的随身物品！Take Care of Your Belongings请保持安静！/禁止喧哗Quiet Please随手关门Keep Door Closed/Please close the door behind you.紧急呼救设施/紧急报警器Emergency Alarm采血后按压5分钟please Press 5 minutes after blood sampling 严禁非法胎儿性别鉴定Forbidden fetal gender testing当心射线Caution! Radiation请勿拍摄No Photography您已进入监控区域，请注意您的言行举止Caution：CCTV in Operation！。

憑一條頭髮、一杯飲過的水，就可以查出事主DNA，類似情節電影、電視劇看得多，但原來是謬誤，現實中最少要拔出5條無破壞毛囊細胞組織的頭髮，才可確保檢查過程無誤。

港人對基因誤解甚多，遺傳基因學專家兼卓然医学化验室集團總裁李教授為你解構基因的秘密。

「過往曾有人帶同一張染血紙布或數條頭髮請我們進行親子鑑定，但最後我們因樣本數量不足而婉拒。

」李教授解釋，測試者最少要提供5條頭髮才可確保測試準確。

他補充，頭髮、煙頭、指甲及鬚刨等屬於「特別樣本」，只有七成至八成機會能順利進行親子鑑定。

至於甚麼人會做親子鑑正？李教授坦言，親子鑑定個案佔整體個案約一成，但多數客人不是因懷疑「非親生」而來︰「多數出於法律需要，例如涉及爭產案要證明身份；有個案是父親在女兒出生時入獄，出獄後欲爭撫養權，故需DNA證明。

」他指，曾有女星因不確定孩子的生父是誰，提交3名男子的DNA要求化驗。

「也有奶奶見初生孫兒酷似媳婦前男友，暪着媳婦抱孫來取樣。

」
亦有顧客是因遺產官司而進行鑑定，過往更曾為此到殯儀館抽取先人樣本，他指抽取先人遺傳基因的程序與正常人無異，惟須律師或家屬在場確認遺體身份，取本時亦要特別小心，要同時抽取多個樣本，「因為遺體即將火化，我們沒有機會再取本。

」
親子鑒定，旨在確定親子或非親子關係。

不同類型的親子鑑定測試中，新興的産前親子鑑定可以在胎兒出生以前就鑒定父子關係。

在媽媽懷孕時，少量胎兒的DNA會經胎盤進入媽媽的血液。

從母體外週靜脈血中可以分離得到胎兒的DNA，使得産前親子鑒定成爲可能。

Liaocheng, known as China’s Water City in the North of the Yangtz River, is located at the junction of Henan, Hebei and Shandong Provinces, and also at the intersection of the Yellow River and the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal. Liaocheng has a population of 5.8 million and covers an area of 8590 square kilometers. Liaocheng is famous for its water, and filled with aural because of water. There are 23 rivers each covers a drainage area of more than 30 square kilometers, and 3 rivers each covers a drainage area of more than 100 square kilometers. The Yellow River, known as the Mother River of China, serpentines more than 50 kilometers here. The world famous Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal runs through the city centre. So many lovely rivers and lakes formed a unique scenery of the lake in the city, the city in the lake, the city surrounded by the rivers. Liaocheng is an ancient city with a history of 2500 years. There are 9 key cultural relics under state protection in Liaocheng such as Guangyue Tower, Caozhi Tomb and Shanshan Guild Hall etc. We also have 15 key cultural relics under province protection in Liaocheng. Liaocheng is rich in mineral resources. There are 24 billion tons coal reserves, 30 million tons of oil reserves, 1 trillion cubic meters natural gas reserves and 645 billion cubic meters of rock oil.Liaocheng People’s Hospital and Liaocheng School of Clinical Medicine, Taishan Medical University, was established in July 1947. It is a comprehensive tertiary hospital which includes clinical services, undergraduate and postgraduate teaching, as well as scientific research. With the unique geographical and technological advantages, the hospital has gradually grown to become one of the biggest regional healthcare centers, serving for the people come from Henan, Hebei, Shanxi, Anhui and Inner Mongolia provinces, apart from Liaocheng Municipal City. There are 3100 employees in the Hospital, among which 550 are consultant doctors, and 600 doctors have a master or doctoral degree. There are 2600 hospital beds, 82 in patient wards. In the year of 2009, the hospital provided services to 1.53 million outpatients and 130,000 inpatients, with 25,000 surgical procedures performed.With the state-of-the-art hospital infrastructure and medical equipment, the hospital covers 2 main campuses with the total clinical space of 250,000 m2. The healthcare-center-building located in the eastern bank of JingHang Canal is the largest single building of 110,000 m2. There are about 2300 sets of large-scale advanced medical equipments in the hospital, such as Brilliance iCT, Achiva 3.0T MR and Brilliance 64. There are two provincial medical research institutes which provide supports for research and development. They are Oral Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Key Laboratory of Medical Biology, Research Center of Minimally Invasive Treatment for Cardiovascular Diseases.Several disciplines in the hospital have become leading groups in Shandong Province.The Neurology Department and Cardiology Department are the key clinical and research departments of the province. Hematology Department, Oncology Department, Cardiovascular Surgery Department, Thoracic Surgery Department, Anesthesiology Department and Operating Theatre are also the major medicine and health departments of Shandong Province. Oral Maxillofacial Surgery is appointed as the A-level department by the Ministry of Health. Restoration orthodontic discipline is appointed as the center for health vocational and technical training by the Chinese Ministry of Health. Hepatobiliary Department is identified as the unit of performing liver transplantation by the Ministry of Health, Digestive Department, Neurology Department, Cardiology Department, General Surgery Department and Orthopedic Surgery Department are designated national center for clinical medicine.The hospital pays great attention to develop collaborative relationship with international medical institutions, which now including Singapore General Hospital; Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University in Korea; Nationwide Children’s Hospital of Ohio State University in USA; School of Clinical Medicine, Tulane University in USA; Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine in Korea; Charles Sturt University in Australia; Medical Research Center of University of Utrecht in the Netherlands. International cooperations have greatlyenhanced the growth of technological progress such as Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center of China. Liaocheng People’s Hospital and Australia. Charles Sturt University, Medical Research Center of China. Liaocheng People’s Hospital and Netherlands. University of Utrecht.In recent years, the hospital focuses on new technologies such as interventional and microsurgery technology, tissue and organ transplantation, acute and severe diseases treatment technology, and diagnose of the knotty problems. Many new procedures have been performed: demicoincide hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, repair of ventricular septal defect with thoracoscope, Fallot’s Trilogy total correction, carotid artery endarterectomy, coronary artery bypass of extracranium and intracranium, stem cells treatment, pediatric CP surgery.As the leading hospital in Shandong Province, Liaocheng People’s Hospital is the postgraduate training center and teaching hospital of Shandong Medical University; Qingdao Medical University; Xuzhou Medical University and Taishan Medical University. The School of Dentistry, Taishan Medical University is located in the hospital. The hospital has trained a large number of college students to be qualified doctors, nurses and allied health professionals.The hospital is a not-for-profit institution with a tradition of providing affordable tertiary healthcare to a vast inland population of more than 10 million people. It has played a critical role in many local and national emergent events such as Wenchuan earthquake; hand, foot and mouth disease; influenza H1N1 and other major infectious diseases. During these events Liaocheng People’s Hospital has been the designated center to provide services to the people from the regions being affected.医苑盛华水城晖——蓬勃发展的山东省聊城市人民医院卓越秀美的“江北水城运河古都”聊城，古老而又神奇。