牛津教材模块五unit 2

Unit 2 the environment1 Then we will open the floor for discussionOpen the floor 自由发言I will open the floor to answer any question you might haveThe discussion yesterday was really dull! We were just listening to him talking and talking.Why not he _________ to everybody else?A open the floorB sweep the floorC hold the doorD have the floor2. waste1) n. 废物, 浪费, 垃圾Industrial waste must be prevented from polluting our rivers.人们应当禁止工业垃圾污染我们的河流。

2) adj. 废弃的, 荒芜的, 多余的The boy threw it away, thinking it was waste paper.那个男孩以为它是废纸，把它扔掉了。

3) vt. 浪费, 消耗, 使荒芜(waste time in doing sth.)There is no use wasting time in discussing how it happened.浪费时间讨论它是如何发生的是没有用的。

3 amount表示“大量的”，修饰不可数名词；在句中时，由amount(s)来决定动词的单复数。

A large amount of money is needed badly.人们急需大量的金钱。

Large amounts of time are spent going over the lessons for the final exams.为了期末考试，花大量的时间来温习功课。

Module5 unit2 grammar – project1. pick up 捡起；接受到；恢复（健康）；接（某人）,偶然学会；pick out 挑选出；辨认出2. clean up 清理；打扫干净3. customs officers 海关关员4. work on 致力于5. draw conclusions 得出结论6. natural disasters 自然灾害7. take steps to stop the process of desertification 采取措施来阻止沙漠化进程8. provide sth for sb/ provide sb with sth 向某人提供某物9. be stocked with 储备有10. set up a centre 建立中心11. in the form of 以……的形式12. result in/ lead to/ cause 导致result from 由……所致13. rely on/ depend on 取决于；依赖于14. recognize the importance of doing sth 认识到做……的重要性15. deal with the problems 处理问题16. be under way/ be under discussion / construction 正在进行/讨论/建筑过程中17. replace…with… 取代18. be home to a diverse range of fish and animals 是大量的鱼及动物的发源地/家园19. the most endangered animals 大多数濒临灭绝的动物40. prohibit sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事1. grow to / climb to/ rise to/increase to 增长至grow by / rise by/ increase by 增长了2. My suggestion is that sb should do sth3. The world’s population has grown to more than six times it was in 1800.This room is twice bigger than that one. 这个房间是那个的三倍大。

Unit2 p29-34madam/ ˈmædəm; ˋmædəm/ n(also Madam) [sing] (fml 文) (polite form of address to a woman, whether married orunmarried, usu sb one does not know personally 对女子的敬称, 对已婚未婚者均可使用, 通常用於不相识者): Can I help you, madam? 小姐, 您有什麽事? * Dear Madam, ie used like Dear Sir in a letter 敬启者（用於信中, 如同Dear Sir）* Madam Chairman, may I be allowed to speak?主席先生, 我可以发言吗? Cf 参看miss2 2.[C] (infml derog 口, 贬) girl or young woman who likes to get her own way 自行其是的年轻女子: She's a real little madam!她可真是个我行我素的小姐![C esp sing 尤作单数] woman who is in charge of a brothel 鸨母.arrival/ əˈraɪvl; əˋraɪvl/ n[U] act of arriving 到达; 抵达: Cheers greeted the arrival of the Queen. 一片欢呼声欢迎女王莅临. * On (your) arrival at the hotel please wait for further instructions. （你）抵达旅馆後, 请听候进一步指示. * to await arrival, ie (on a letter, parcel, etc) to be kept until the person to whom it is addressed arrives 待领（写在信件﹑包裹等上面的字样, 意为等候收件人前来领取）.[C] person or thing that arrives 到达的人或物: Late arrivals must wait in the foyer. 来晚的人要在门厅等候. * We're expecting a new arrival (ie a new baby) in the family soon. 我们期待着家中不久将添一个新生儿.clean (sth) up (a) remove (dirt, rubbish, etc) from a place to clean it; make (a place) clean by removing dirt, etc 除去（污物﹑垃圾等）把一地方打扫乾净; 除去污物等使（一地方）乾净: The workmen cleaned up (the mess) before they left. 工人们清理（杂物）後就走了. * clean up (a room) after a party聚会後（把房间）打扫乾净. (b) (infml口) make or win (a lot of money) 挣得或赢得（很多钱）: He cleaned up a small fortune. 他发了一笔小财. clean sth up remove criminals, harmful influences, etc from sth 从某事物中清除罪犯﹑有害影响等: The mayor is determined to clean up the city. 市长决心清除市内的不良现象. * a campaign to clean up (ie reduce the amount of sex and violence shown on) television清除电视中不良现象的运动（减少播放色情和暴力的节目）.arrest/ əˈrest; əˋrɛst/ v [Tn]seize (sb) with the authority of the law 依法逮捕, 拘留, 扣留（某人）: After the matchthree youths were arrested. 比赛过後有三个青年被捕.(fml 文) stop or check (a process or movement) 阻止或抑制（进展或运动）: Attemptsare being made to arrest the spread of the disease. 现正设法遏止这种疾病的蔓延. attract (sth) 吸引（某事物）: An unusual painting arrested his attention. 一幅异乎寻常的画引起了他的注意.> arrest n1 act of arresting (arrest 1) 逮捕; 拘留: The police made several arrests. 警方逮捕了好几个人.2 stoppage 停止: The patient died after suffering a cardiac arrest, ie when his heart stopped functioning properly. 病人患心搏停止而死亡（心脏停止跳动）.3 (idm 习语) be/place sb/put sb under arrest be/be made a prisoner 被逮捕; 被拘留; 成为囚犯: I am placing you under arrest for attempted burglary. 我按企图盗窃罪逮捕你. * You are under arrest. 你被捕了.arresting adj attracting attention; striking 引人注意的; 显着的: an arresting smile引人注目的微笑.illegal/ ɪˈliːgl; ɪˋliɡl/ adj against the law; not legal 不合法的; 违法的.> illegality / ˏɪlɪˈgælətɪ; ˏɪlɪˋɡælətɪ/ n[U] state of being illegal 不合法; 违法.[C] illegal act 非法行为.illegally / -gəlɪ; -ɡlɪ/ adv: an illegally parked car违章停放的汽车.customs/ ˈkʌstəmz; ˋkʌstəmz/ n [pl]taxes payable to the Government on goods imported from other countries; import duties进口税; 关税: pay customs on sth为某物缴纳进口税.(also the Customs) government department that collects these taxes 海关: TheCustoms have found heroin hidden in freight. 海关查出了隐藏在货物中的海洛因. * How long does it take to get through customs? ie have one's baggage examined by customs officers at a port, airport, etc 海关检查要用多少时间? * [attrib 作定语] a customs officer, search, check 海关官员﹑检查﹑查验* customs duty, formalities, etc海关税﹑手续等. Cf 参看excise1.# `customs house office, esp at a port, where customs duties are collected （尤指港口的）海关.`customs union agreement between states on what customs duties are to be paid on each other's goods 关税联盟（国与国之间就双方货物的徵税问题缔结的协定）.feather11 / ˈfeðə(r); ˋfɛðɚ/ nany of the many light fringed structures that grow from a bird's skin and cover its body羽毛. =>illus 见插图.(idm 习语) birds of a feather => bird. (be) a `feather in one's cap anachievement, etc that one can be proud of 可引以自豪的成就等: Winning the gold medal was yet another feather in her cap. 夺得金牌是她又一值得骄傲的成就. light as air/as a feather => light1. ruffle sb's feathers => ruffle. show the white feather => show2. smooth sb`s ruffled feathers => smooth2. you could have knocked me down with a feather => knock2.> feathery / ˈfeðərɪ; ˋfɛðərɪ/ adj1 light and soft like feathers 轻而软的; 似羽毛的: feathery snowflakes羽毛般的雪片.2 covered or adorned with feathers 长着羽毛的; 饰有羽毛的: a feathery hat饰有羽毛的帽子.# ,feather `bed mattress stuffed with feathers 羽绒褥垫. ,feather-`bed v (-dd-) [Tn] make things easy for (sb), esp by helping financially; pamper 使（某人）安逸或予以方便（尤指资助）; 娇养: They have been so feather-bedded in the past that they can't cope with hardship now. 他们一直娇生惯养, 所以现在过不了苦日子.`feather-brained adj (derog 贬) foolish; silly 愚蠢的; 没头脑的.`featherweight n 1 boxer weighing between 53.5 and 57 kilograms, next above bantamweight 次轻量级拳击手（体重在53.5至57公斤间, 高於最轻量级）.(a) (infml 口) thing or person that is light in weight 重量轻的物或人. (b) (infml derog口, 贬) thing or person of little merit or importance 微不足道的事物或人.feather2/ ˈfeðə(r); ˋfɛðɚ/ v[Tn] cover or fit (sth) with feathers 将羽毛覆盖或装在（某物）上: feather an arrow给箭装上翎.[I, Tn] (in rowing) turn (one's oar) so that it passes flat just above the surface of thewater （划船时）将（桨叶）持平（略出水面而与水面平行）: The crew feathered (their oars) for the last few yards of the race. 在划船比赛到最後几码时, 全体队员回桨时把桨叶持平. (idm 习语) feather one's (own) `nest (usu derog 通常作贬义) make oneself richer,more comfortable, etc, usu at sb else's expense 使自己更富足﹑更舒适等（通常指牺牲他人的利益）; 中饱私囊. tar and feather sb => tar1vtortoise/ ˈtɔːtəs; ˋtɔrtəs/ n slow-moving four-footed reptile with a hard shell 陆龟; 龟.# `tortoiseshell / ˈtɔːtəʃel; ˋtɔrtəˏʃɛl/ n[U] hard shell of certain turtles, esp the type with yellow and brown markings, used tomake combs, etc 玳瑁壳: [attrib 作定语] a hairbrush with a tortoiseshell back背面镶玳瑁的发刷.[C] cat with yellowish-brown markings 有黄棕色花纹的猫.[C] type of butterfly with brownish markings 一种有棕色花纹的蝴蝶.blanket/ ˈblæŋkɪt; ˋblæŋkɪt/ nthick woollen covering used, esp on beds, for keeping people warm 毛毯; 毡子: It'scold I need another blanket. 太冷了--我再要一条毯子.(fig比喻) thick covering mass or layer 覆盖着厚厚的块或层: a blanket offog/cloud/smoke/snow一层雾[云/烟/雪].[attrib 作定语] covering all cases or classes; general; comprehensive 包括一切情形或种类的; 总括的; 综合的: a blanket agreement/term/rule一揽子协议[总的条件/总则]. (idm 习语) be born on the wrong side of the blanket => born. a wet blanket=> wet.> blanket v [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in/with sth) cover sth completely 完全覆盖某物: The countryside was blanketed with snow/fog. 乡村被雪[雾]覆盖着.impress/ ɪmˈpres; ɪmˋprɛs/ v[Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sb (with sth) have a favourable effect on sb; make sb feel admirationand respect 给予某人深刻印象; 使某人钦佩而起敬: The sights of the city never fail to impress foreign tourists. 外国游客无一不对该市留有深刻印象. * The girl impressed her fiance's family with her liveliness and sense of humour. 姑娘又活泼又富幽默感, 未婚夫家人十分喜欢她. * We were most impressed with/by your efficiency. 你的工作效率很高, 我们极为钦佩.[Tn.pr] ~ sth on/upon sb fix sth in sb's mind; make sb keenly aware of sth 使某人铭记某事物; 使某人深深意识到某事物: His words impressed themselves on my memory. 他的话铭刻在我的记忆里. * The manager impressed on his office staff the importance of keeping accurate records. 经理让办公室职员认识到做精确记录的重要性.[Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (in/on sth) press sth hard into a soft surface, leaving a mark 用硬物压入软物表面而留下痕迹; 盖印: designs impressed on/in wax在蜡板上压印出的图样. > impress / ˈɪmpres; ˋɪmprɛs/ n (fml 文) mark left by pressing sth hard, eg a seal, into asoft surface 压痕, 印记（如印章的印记）.clap1/ klæp; klæp/ v (-pp-)(a) [Tn, Tn.p] ~ sth (together) strike (the palms of one's hands) together 拍（手）;鼓（掌）: She clapped her hands in delight. 她高兴地拍起手来. * They clapped their hands in time to the music. 他们随着音乐的节拍鼓起掌来. (b) [I, Tn] do this continually to show approval of (sb/sth); applaud 不断鼓掌以示赞许（某人[某事物]）; 鼓掌欢迎: The audience clapped (her/her speech) enthusiastically. 听众热情地（为她[为她的讲话]）鼓起掌来. [Tn.pr] ~ sb on sth strike or slap sb lightly with an open hand, usu in a friendly way（用手掌）轻轻拍打某人（通常为友好地）: clap sb on the back轻拍某人的背.(idm 习语) clap/lay/set eyes on sb/sth => eye1. clap hold of sb/sth (infml 口)seize sb/sth suddenly or with force 突然或用力抓住某人[某物]: Here, clap hold of this!喂, 抓住这个! clap sb in/into jail, prison, etc (infml 口) put sb in prison quickly (often without a trial) 迅速将某人关进监狱（常未经审讯）.(phr v) clap sth on (sth) (infml 口) add sth to the price of sth, esp in an unwelcomeway 涨价, 提价（尤指不得人心的）: The Government has clapped an extra ten pence on a packet of cigarettes. 政府对每包香烟额外提价十便士. (be) clapped out (Brit infml 口) (of people or things) completely worn out or exhausted （指人）筋疲力尽; （指物）破烂不堪: a clapped-out old bicycle破烂不堪的旧自行车.> clap n1 [sing] act or sound of clapping (clap1 1a) 鼓掌; 掌声: Let's give her a big clap, ie applaud her. 咱们给她用力鼓掌.2 [C] ~ on sth friendly slap 善意的拍打: give sb a clap on the back在某人背上拍一下.3 [C] sudden loud noise 突然的巨响: a clap of thunder雷鸣.clap2/ klæp; klæp/ (also the clap) n [U] (sl俚) venereal disease, esp gonorrhoea 花柳病; （尤指）淋病.economic/ ˏiːkəˈnɔmɪk, ˏekəˈnɔmɪk; ˏikəˋnɑmɪk, ˏɛkəˋ-nɑmɪk/ adj[attrib 作定语] of economics(1), or of an economy 经济学的; 经济的: thegovernment's economic policy 政府的经济政策* economic development 经济发展* economic sanctions, ie punishment of another country by reducing or stopping trade with it经济制裁.[attrib 作定语] connected with trade and industry 与贸易和工业有关的: economicgeography, ie studied mainly in connection with industry 经济地理.designed to give a profit 为获取利润的; 有利可图的: an economic rent, ie one thatbrings the owner at least as much money as he has spent on the house 有利可图的租金（给业主带来至少相当其花费於该房产的钱者）* It is not always economic for buses to run on Sundays. 公共汽车星期日行驶不一定准能赚钱.conflict/ ˈkɔnflɪkt; ˋkɑnflɪkt/ n [C, U](a) struggle; fight 斗争; 战斗: soldiers involved in armed conflict遭遇武装冲突的士兵.(b) (fig 比喻) serious disagreement; argument; controversy 冲突; 争执; 争论; 论战: a long and bitter conflict between employers and workers劳资双方旷日持久的激烈争执. (of opinions, desires, etc) opposition; difference; clash （意见﹑慾望等）不合, 分歧, 抵触: the conflict between one's duty and one's desires 责任与慾望之间的矛盾* a conflict of interests, ie between the achievement of one aim and that of another 利害冲突* Your statement is in conflict with the rest of the evidence. 你的陈述同其余证据有矛盾.> conflict / kənˈflikt; kənˋflɪkt/ v [I, Ipr] ~ (with sth) be in opposition or disagreement; be incompatible; clash 不合; 不一致; 冲突; 抵触: A and B conflict/A conflicts with B. A和B相冲突. * The statements of the two witnesses conflict. 两个证人的证词不一致. * Their account of events conflicts with ours. 他们对事件的说法与我们的说法截然不同.queue/ kjuː; kju/ nline of people, vehicles, etc waiting for sth or to do sth （人或车辆等的）长列, 行列: By7 o'clock a long queue had formed outside the cinema. 到7点钟时, 电影院门外已经排成了长队. * People had to stand in a queue for hours to buy a ticket. 人们买票得排几小时的队. * Is this the queue for the bus? 这是等候公共汽车的队吗? * a queue of cars at the traffic-lights交通灯前的一长列汽车.(idm 习语) jump the queue => jump2.> queue v [I, Ipr, Ip] ~ (up) (for sth) wait in a queue 排队等候: We queued for an hour but didn't get in. 我们排队等候一小时也没进去. * Queue here for a taxi. 等候出租汽车在此排队. * They're queuing up to see a film. 他们排着队等候看电影.desertificationde·sert·i·fi·ca·tion /dɪˌzəːtɪfɪˈkeɪʃən US -ˌzəːr-/n[U]technicalthe process by which useful land, especially farm land, changes into desertcrop/ krɔp; krɑp/ n(a) [C] amount of grain, hay, fruit, etc grown in one year or season （谷物﹑乾草﹑水果等一年或一季的）收成, 产量: the potato crop 马铃薯的产量* a good crop of rice 稻谷的丰收* a bumper (ie very large) crop 特大的丰收* [attrib 作表语] a crop failure歉收.(b) crops [pl] agricultural plants in the fields 农作物; 庄稼: treat the crops with fertilizer 给农作物施肥.[sing] ~ of sth group of people or quantity of things appearing or produced at the sametime （同时出现或产生的）一群（人）, 一批（事物）: this year's crop of students 本届大学生* The programme brought quite a crop of complaints from viewers. 该节目招致观众诸多不满.[C] very short hair-cut 极短的发式; 平头.[C] bag-like part of a bird's throat where food is prepared for digestion before passinginto the stomach 嗉子; 嗉囊.[C] (also `hunting-crop) whip with a short loop instead of a lash, used by riders 猎鞭（骑手用的, 端部有小圈）.(idm 习语) neck and crop => neck.> crop v (-pp-)1 [Tn, Cn.a] (a) cut short (sb's hair or an animal's ears, tail, etc) 剪短（某人的头发﹑动物的耳朵或尾巴等）: with hair cropped (short)头发剪得很短. (b) (of animals) bite the tops off and eat (grass, plants, etc) （指动物）啃吃（青草﹑其他植物等）: Sheep had cropped the grass (short). 羊把草啃（短）了.2 [I] (of plants, fields, etc) bear a crop （指植物﹑田地等）收获: The beans cropped well this year. 今年豆子丰收.3 (phr v) crop up appear or happen, esp unexpectedly 出现或发生（尤指意外地）: All sorts of difficulties cropped up. 各种各样的困难意想不到地出现了. * The subject cropped up as we talked. 我们交谈时无意中涉及到了这个问题.# `crop-dusting, `crop-spraying ns [U] dusting/spraying of crops with fertilizer or insecticide, eg from low-flying aircraft 作物喷粉（如自低飞的飞机中喷撒肥料或杀虫剂）. fence11 / fens; fɛns/ nstructure of rails, stakes, wire, etc, esp one put round a field or garden to mark aboundary or keep animals from straying 栅栏; 篱笆; 围墙. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page vi.(idm 习语) come down on one side of the fence or the other => side1. sit onthe fence => sit.> fence v1 [Tn] surround, divide, etc (sth) with a fence 用栅栏﹑篱笆﹑围墙等将（某物）围着或隔开等: Farmers fence their fields. 农人用篱笆把田地围起. * His land was fenced with barbed wire. 他的土地用铁丝网围着.2 (phr v) fence sb/sth in (a) surround or enclose sb/sth with a fence 用栅栏﹑篱笆﹑围墙等围着或圈起某人[某物]: The grounds are fenced in to prevent trespassing. 庭院用栅栏围着以防外人进去. (b) restrict the freedom of sb 限制某人的自由: She felt fenced in by domestic routine. 她觉得自己完全被家务事束缚住了. fence sth off separate (one area from another) with a fence 用栅栏﹑篱笆﹑围墙等将（某处）隔开: One end of the garden was fenced off for chickens. 花园的一端已用篱笆隔开来养鸡.fencing / ˈfensɪŋ; ˋfɛnsɪŋ/ [U] material used for making fences, eg wood, wire, etc 制做栅栏﹑篱笆﹑围墙等的材料（如木材﹑金属丝等）.fence22 / fens; fɛns/ v[I] (sport 体) fight with a long slender sword (foil, epee or sabre) 击剑.[I, Ipr] ~ (with sb/sth) be evasive; avoid giving a direct answer to a question(er) 回避; 避免作正面回答: Stop fencing with me answer my question! 别躲躲闪闪--回答我的问题!# fencer n person who fences (fence2 1) 击剑运动员.fencing n [U] art or sport of fighting with foils or other types of sword 击剑术; 击剑运动. =>illus 见插图.fence3/ fens; fɛns/ n person who knowingly buys and resells stolen goods 买卖赃物的人.soil/ sɔɪl; sɔɪl/ n [C, U]upper layer of earth in which plants, trees, etc grow; ground 土壤; 泥土; 土地; 地面:good, poor, sandy, etc soil 良土﹑瘠土﹑沙土* heavy soil 难耕的土地* clay soil 黏土* (rhet 修辞) a man of the soil, ie one who works on the land 庄稼人. =>Usage at earth 用法见earth.(fml 文) country; territory 国家; 国土; 领土: one's native soil 祖国* born on Britishsoil在英国出生.> soil v [I, Tn] (fml 文) (cause sth to) become dirty （使某物）变脏: This material soils easily. 这种料子不禁脏. * a basket for soiled sheets, ie used ones that are waiting to be washed 盛放待洗被单的篮子* He refused to soil his hands, ie refused to do dirty work. 他不愿把手弄脏（即拒绝干脏活）.bush/ buʃ; bʊʃ/ n[C] (a) low thickly-growing plant with several woody stems coming up from the root;shrub （有几个茎的）灌木: a rose bush 蔷薇丛* gooseberry bushes醋栗树丛. Cf 参看tree. (b) thing resembling this, esp a clump of hair or fur 类似灌木之物（尤指蓬乱的毛发或皮毛）.(often 常作the bush) [U] wild uncultivated land, esp in Africa, Australia and (withforests) Canada 荒野（尤指非洲﹑澳洲以及加拿大森林地区未开发的地方）.(idm 习语) beat about the bush => beat1. a bird in the hand is worth two in thebush => bird.> bushy adj (-ier, -iest)1 covered with bushes 长满灌木的.2 growing thickly; shaggy 茂密的; 粗而蓬乱的: a bushy moustache 粗而密的髭须* bushy eyebrows浓密的眉毛. bushiness n [U].# `bush-baby n small African lemur with large eyes and a long tail 灌丛婴猴（非洲的一种大眼长尾的小狐猴）.`Bushman / -mən; -mən/ n (pl -men) member of various S W African tribes living and hunting in the bush 居於西南非洲灌木丛林中以行猎为生的部族的人.,bush `telegraph process by which information, rumours, etc spread rapidly （消息﹑谣言等的）快速传播, 不胫而走.decrease/ dɪˈkriːs; dɪˋkris/ v [I, Tn] (cause sth to) become smaller or fewer; diminish （使某物）变小或变少; 减少: Student numbers have decreased by 500. 学生人数减少了500名. * Interest in the sport is decreasing. 人们对此项运动的兴趣已逐渐淡薄.> decrease / ˈdiːkriːs; ˋdikris/ n~ (in sth) (a) [U] decreasing; reduction 减少; 降低: some decrease in the crime rate犯罪率的少许降低. (b) [C] amount by which sth decreases 减少的量: a decrease of 3% in the rate of inflation 通货膨胀率降低3% * There has been a decrease in imports. 进口货物有所减少.(idm 习语) on the `decrease decreasing 在减少: Is crime on the decrease? 犯罪案件是否在减少?drill11 / drɪl; drɪl/ n tool or machine with a detachable pointed end for making holes 钻; 钻床; 钻机: a dentist's drill 牙钻* a pneumatic drill风钻. Cf 参看bit2 2.> drill v [I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] make (a hole, etc) in some substance, esp with a drill 钻（孔）, 打眼（尤指用钻机）: drill for oil 钻井探油* They're drilling a new tunnel under the Thames. 在泰晤士河河床下钻凿一条新隧道.drill2/ drɪl; drɪl/ n[U] training in military exercises 军事训练; 操练: New recruits have three hours of drilla day. 新兵一天有三小时的操练.(a) [U] thorough training by practical and usu repetitive exercises 练习: regular drill toestablish good habits有规则的训练以养成好习惯. (b) [C] such an exercise 训练; 练习: pronunci`ation drills发音练习.(a) [U] procedures to be followed in an emergency （紧急情况下的）步骤, 方法, 措施:`lifeboat drill救生艇上的应急措施. (b) [C] practice session to test people's knowledge of this 演习: There'll be a `fire-drill this morning. 今天上午有消防演习.the drill [sing] (Brit infml 口) correct procedure for doing sth 做某事的正确方法; 程序;步骤; 常规: What's the drill for claiming expenses? 费用报销的手续, 是怎样的? * learn, know, teach sb the drill学习﹑了解﹑传授某人做某事的正确方法.> drill v [I, Tn] be trained or train (sb) by means of drills 训练（某人）; 操练; 演习: The well-drilled crew managed to rescue most of the passengers. 训练有素的机组人员设法营救出了大部分乘客.drill3/ drɪl; drɪl/ nfurrow ?; 条播.machine for making furrows, sowing seeds in them and covering the seeds 条播机.row of seeds sown in this way 条播的一排种子.> drill v [Tn] sow (seeds) in furrows 条播（种子）.drill4/ drɪl; drɪl/ n [U] strong heavy linen or cotton cloth （粗斜纹的）麻布或棉布.drill5/ drɪl; drɪl/ n type of large African monkey 黑脸山魈（非洲产）.measure1/ ˈmeʒə(r); ˋmɛʒɚ/ v(a) [I, Ip, Tn, Tn.pr, Tn.p] ~ (sth) (up) find the size, length, volume, etc of (sth) bycomparing it with a standard unit 量度; 测量（某物）: Can you measure accurately with this ruler? 用这把尺子能量得准吗? * First measure (it) up, then cut the timber to the correct length. 先把尺寸量好, 再把木材锯成所需长短. * measure the width of a door, the level of an electric current, the speed of a car 测量门的宽度﹑电平﹑汽车速度* The tailor measured me (up) for a suit, ie measured my chest, arms, legs, etc. 裁缝给我量尺寸做衣服. (b) [Tn] (fig比喻) assess (sth); gauge 估计, 估量（某事物）; 衡量; 判定: It's hard to measure his ability when we haven't seen his work. 没有见过他的作品, 很难估计他的能力. [In/pr] be (a certain size, length, volume, etc) 为（某体积﹑长度﹑容积等）: The roommeasures 10 metres across. 这房间宽10米.[Tn] carefully consider (sth) 仔细考虑（某事物）: He's a man who measures his words.他是个用词很讲究的人. * She failed to measure the effect of her actions on her family. 她未虑及其行为对家庭的影响.[Tn.pr] ~ sth against/with sth/sb test sth through competition, conflict, etc （通过竞争﹑冲突等）考验某事物, 较量: measure one's strength against sb else 跟别人比力气* You have to measure your determination with that of other people. 你得与其他人较量一下决心了.(idm 习语) measure one's `length (joc 谑) fall flat on the ground 扑跌在地上.measure one's strength (with/against sb) compete with sb to see who is the stronger 与某人比强弱.(phr v) measure sth off mark out a length or lengths of sth 量出某物若干长度: Shemeasured off two metres of cloth. 她量出两米的布. measure sth out give a measured quantity of sth 给予某量的某物: measure out a dose of medicine 量出一剂药. measure up (to sth) reach the standard required or expected 达到或符合某标准: The discussions didn't measure up (to my expectations). 这些讨论有负（我的）期望.> measurable / ˈmeʒərəbl; ˋmɛʒərəbl/ adj1 that can be measured 可量度的; 可测量的; 可衡量的.2 noticeable; significant 明显的; 重大的: There's been a measureable improvement in his work. 他的工作已有很大改进. measurably / -əblɪ; -əblɪ/ adv.measured adj 1 (of language) carefully considered （指语言）仔细斟酌的, 慎重的: measured words斟酌过的词语. 2 slow and with a regular rhythm 缓慢而有节奏的: with a measured tread 以缓慢而匀称的步伐* with measured steps以整齐的步子. measureless adj that cannot be measured; limitless 无法测量的; 无可估量的; 无限的. measurement n1 [U] measuring 量度; 测量; 衡量: the metric system of measurement公制度量衡.2 [C] width, length, etc found by measuring （量得的）宽度﹑长度等: What is your waist measurement? 你的腰围是多少? * The measurements of the room are 20 feet by 15 feet. 这房间的面积是20英尺乘15英尺. * The width measurement is 80 cm. 宽为80厘米.# `measuring-tape n = tape-measure (tape).measure2/ ˈmeʒə(r); ˋmɛʒɚ/ n(a) [U, C] standard or system used in stating the size, quantity or degree of sth 计量制;量度法: liquid measure 液量* dry measure 乾量* Which measure of weight do pharmacists use? 药剂师用哪一种计量制? =>App 5 见附录5. (b) [C] unit used in such a standard or system 计量单位: The metre is a measure of length. 米是长度单位.[C] standard quantity of sth 标准量: a measure of grain, eg a bushel 一标准量的谷物（如一蒲式耳）* a measure of whisky, ie in England usu --- gill, in Scotland usu --- 一标准量的威士忌酒（在英格兰通常为---吉耳, 在苏格兰通常为---吉耳）.[C] instrument such as a rod, tape or container marked with standard units, used fortesting length, volume, etc 量具; 量器: The barman uses a small silver measure for brandy. 酒吧服务员用银质小量器量白兰地酒.[sing] ~ of sth way of assessing sth （估价﹑判断事物的）尺度, 标准: His resignationis a measure of how angry he is. 从他辞职一事可见其气愤的程度. * Words cannot always give the measure of one's feelings, ie show how strong they are. 言语往往不尽能表达自己的情感.[sing] ~ of sth degree of sth; some （事物的）程度, 地步: She achieved a measure ofsuccess with her first book. 她的第一部书就获得了一定程度的成功.[C usu pl通常作复数] action taken to achieve a purpose 措施; 步骤; 办法: measuresagainst crime 打击犯罪活动的措施* safety measures 安全措施* The authorities took measures to prevent tax fraud. 当局已采取措施防止偷税漏税. * The government has suggested measures (ie proposed laws) to reduce crime. 政府已提出遏止犯罪活动的法令. [U] (dated 旧) verse-rhythm; metre; tempo of a piece of music 诗的韵律; 音乐的拍节.(idm 习语) beyond `measure (fml 文) very great(ly) 非常地; 极其: Her joy wasbeyond measure. 她无比喜悦. * He fascinates me beyond measure. 他使我神魂颠倒. for good `measure as an extra amount of sth or as an additional item 额外的量; 外加的项目; 饶头: The pianist gave a long and varied recital, with a couple of encores for good measure. 那钢琴家的独奏演出会时间长﹑节目多, 还加奏了两支曲子. get/take the measure of sb assess sb's character or abilities 估计某人的性格或能力: It took the tennis champion a few games to get the measure of his opponent. 那网球冠军打了几局才摸清对手的实力. give full/short `measure give exactly/less than the correct amount 给足[少]分量: I'm sure the shopkeeper gave me short measure when she weighed out thepotatoes. 我肯定那店老板给我称土豆时?扣了分量. ,half `measure policy that lacks thoroughness 折衷的办法: This job must be done properly I want no half measures. 这工作必须按规矩做--我不允许做得马马虎虎. in great, large, some, etc `measure (fml 文) to a great, some, etc extent or degree 在很大的﹑某种的...程度上: His failure is in great/large measure due to lack of confidence. 他的失败在很大程度上是由於缺乏信心. * Her success is in no small measure the result of luck. 她的成功有不小的因素是靠运气. make sth to `measure make (a garment) after taking individual measurements 定做（衣服）: Do you make suits to measure? 你定做西装吗? * a made-to-measure suit量尺寸定做的西服.administration/ ədˏmɪnɪˈstreɪʃn; ədˏmɪnəˋstreʃən/ n[U] ~ (of sth) administering; giving 实施; 执行; 给予; 供给: be responsible for theadministration of justice, the law, charitable aid, an oath, a remedy负责赏罚﹑执法﹑慈善救济﹑主持宣誓﹑用药.[U] management of public or business affairs 公共事务的管理; 经营; 行政: He worksin hospital administration. 他从事医院管理工作. * Head teachers are more involved in administration than in teaching. 校长的行政工作比教学工作多.(often 常作the Administration) [C] (part of the Government that manages publicaffairs during the) period of office of a US President 美国总统任期; 美国总统任期内的政府: during the Kennedy Administration 在肯尼迪总统任期内* Successive administrations have failed to solve the country's economic problems. 历届政府均未能解决国家的经济问题.satellite/ ˈsætəlaɪt; ˋsætlˏaɪt/ n(a) natural body in space orbiting round a larger body, esp a planet 卫星: The moon isthe Earth's satellite. 月球是地球的卫星. (b) man-made device, eg a space station, put in orbit round a planet 人造卫星: a com,muni`cations satellite, ie one that relays back to the Earth telephone messages or radio and TV signals received from another part of the Earth 通信卫星. => illus at orbit见orbit插图.(also `satellite state) (usu derog 通常作贬义) country dependent on another morepowerful country and controlled by it 卫星国（依附於某大国并受其控制者）: the former USSR and its satellites前苏联及其卫星国.pick sb/sth out (a) choose sb/sth from a number of people/things 挑选出某人[某事物]: She was picked out from thousands of applicants for the job. 从数千申请人中挑选出她来做那份工作. * He picked out the ripest peach. 他把熟得最透的桃挑了出来. (b) distinguish sb/sth from surrounding people or things 分辨出某人[某事物]: pick out sb/sb's face in a crowd 在人群中认出某人[某人的脸] * It was just possible to pick out the hut on the side of the mountain. 那小舍座落在山边, 隐约可见. * The window frames are picked out in blue against the white walls. 蓝色的窗框衬在白墙上十分显眼. pick sth out (a) play (a piece of music), eg on the piano, esp hesitantly or by trial and error, without having written music to follow 凭记忆奏（乐曲）（如用钢琴）. (b) discover or recognize sth after careful study 细心研究後发现或领会某事物: pick out recurring themes in an author's work 领会出作者作品中反覆出现的主题思想* Can you pick out the operatic arias quoted in this orchestral passage?你能听出这段管弦乐曲里有歌剧式的咏叹调吗?pick sth over look carefully at (vegetables, fruit, clothing, etc) in order to select the best or throw away bad ones 检查（蔬菜﹑水果﹑衣物等）以挑出最佳者或剔除劣品: Pick over the lentils carefully in case there are any stones amongst them. 把这些豆子里的沙粒挑出去.typhoon/ taɪˈfuːn; taɪˋfun/ n violent tropical hurricane that occurs in the western Pacific 台风. Cf 参看hurricane, cyclone.flood1/ flʌd; flʌd/ v(a) [I, Tn] (cause a place that is usu dry to) be filled or overflow with water; inundate（使通常乾燥的地方）灌满水; 淹没; 泛滥: The cellar floods whenever it rains heavily. 一下大雨地窖里就灌满了水. * The river had burst its banks and flooded the valley. 河水冲破堤岸, 淹没了山谷. (b) [Tn] (of rain) fill (a river, etc) so that it overflows （指雨水）使（河流等）泛滥: streams flooded by violent storms因暴风雨而泛滥的河流.[Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (sth) (with sth) cover or fill (sth) completely; spread into (sth) 铺满或充满（某物）; 扩展到（某物）: A powerful light flooded (into) the grounds. 有一道强光照进了庭院. * The place was flooded with light. 那地方十分光亮.[Tn, Tn.pr]~ sth (with sth) fill (the carburettor of a motor engine) with too muchpetrol so that the engine will not start 使（汽车发动机的汽化器）溢流.[Ipr, Ip, Tn] (fig 比喻) (of a thought or feeling) flow powerfully over (sb); surge over(sb) （指思想或感情）充溢, 涌现: A great sense of relief flooded over him. 他深感宽慰. * Memories of his childhood came flooding back. 他童年的往事涌上心头.(idm 习语) ,flood the `market (cause sth to) be offered for sale in large quantities,often at a low price （使某物）充斥（常指廉价）: Japanese cars have flooded the American market. 日本汽车已充斥美国市场.(phr v) flood in; flood into sth come to or arrive at (a place) in great quantities ornumbers 大量涌入（某处）: Applications flooded into the office. 申请书像潮水般涌进办公室. flood sb out force sb to leave home because of a flood 大水迫使某人离家: Half the village were flooded out by a burst water main. 由於总水管破裂, 半数村民被迫离开了家. flood sb/sth with sth arrive in great quantities for sb/at sth 给某人大量的某事物; 大量的某事物涌向某处: The office was flooded with complaints. 办事处收到如洪水般涌至的投诉信件.> flooding n [U] covering of an area of land that is usu dry with a lot of water, eg when a river overflows 泛滥: Widespread flooding is affecting large areas of Devon. 洪水泛滥, 淹没了德文郡的广大地区.flood2/ flʌd; flʌd/ n(a) (coming of a) great quantity of water, esp over a place that is usu dry 大量的水; 洪水; 水灾: The heavy rain caused floods in the houses by the river. 这场大雨下得河边的房子里都进了水. * There's a flood in the next valley. 旁边的山谷被水淹了. (b) the Flood (Bible 《圣经》) the one that was sent by God to punish mankind, as described in the Old Testament book of Genesis （《旧约?创世记》中所记载上帝藉以惩罚人类的）洪水.~ (of sth) great quantity or volume 多; 大批; 大量; 大: a flood of anger, abuse,indignation, etc 大发雷霆﹑大骂﹑满腔义愤* a flood of letters, refugees 大量涌来的信件﹑难民* The child was in floods of tears, ie was crying uncontrollably. 那孩子哭成了泪人儿.flowing in of the tide from the sea to the land; rising tide 涨潮: The tide is at the flood.正在涨潮. Cf 参看ebb n 1.(idm 习语) in `flood (of a river) overflowing （指河流）泛滥: We can't cross themeadow there because the river is in flood. 我们不能从那里穿过草地, 因为河水泛滥了. # `floodgate n1 gate that can be opened or closed to control the flow of water （水闸的）闸门.2 (idm 习语) open the floodgates => open2.`flood-tide n rising tide 涨潮.range1/ reɪndʒ; rendʒ/ n[C] connected line or row of mountains, hills, etc （山﹑丘等连贯而成的）脉, 排, 列,行: a mountain-range山脉.[C] group or series of similar things; selection or variety 成套或成系列的东西; 种类:sell/stock a whole range of tools, dresses, foods 出售[备有]各种各样的工具﹑服装﹑食品* The new model comes in an exciting range of colours. 这种新式样有各种鲜艳的颜色. * have a wide/narrow range of interests, hobbies, etc兴趣﹑爱好等甚广[不广].[C] limits between which sth varies; extent （种类或变化的）限度, 范围, 幅度, 程度: asoprano's range, ie between her top and bottom notes 女高音的音域* What is the salary range for the post? 这一职位的薪金幅度是多少? * The annual range of temperature is from -10C to 40C. 全年的温度较差为-10C至40C. * There's a wide range of ability in the class. 这班的水平差距很大. * That subject is outside my range, ie one I have not studied. 那个问题已超出了我的研究范围.。

Unit2 p38-39under `way having started and making progress 已经开始并进行着: The project is now well under way. 这一项目现正顺利进行. * be/get under way, ie (esp of a ship) move/start to move through the water （尤指船）在航行中[启航].f an activity is under way, it has already started. If an activity gets under way, it starts. An investigation is underway to find out how the disaster happened...The conference gets under way later today with a debate on the family.conservation/ ˏkɔnsəˈveɪʃn; ˏkɑnsɚˋveʃən/ n [U]prevention of loss, waste, damage, destruction, etc 保存; 保护; 避免损失﹑浪费﹑破坏﹑损坏等: the conservation of forests, water resources, old buildings, etc 对森林﹑水源﹑古老建筑等的保护* wildlife conservation 对野生动物的保护* (physics 物) the conservation of energy, ie the principle that the total quantity of energy in the universe never varies 能量守恒.preservation of the natural environment 对自然环境的保护: She is interested inconservation. 她对保护环境这个问题十分关心.> conservationist / -ʃənɪst; ˏ-ʃənɪst/ n person who is interested in conservation(2) 关心环保问题的人; 自然环境保护论者.# conser`vation area (Brit) area protected by law from changes that would damage its natural or architectural character 保护区（受法律保护维持其原有的自然风貌或建筑特色的地区.dolphin/ ˈdɔlfɪn; ˋdɑlfɪn/n mammal that looks like a large fish and lives in the sea 海豚.in/with regard to sb/sth; in this/that/one regard in connection with sb/sth; in this/that connection; concerning sb/sth 关於某人[某事物]; 在这[那]点上: I have nothing to say with regard to your complaints. 对於你的投诉, 我无可奉告. * He is very sensitive in this regard, ie concerning this. 他在这方面非常敏感. * We have succeeded in one crucial regard: making this scandal public. 我们办成了一件大事: 将这件丑事公之於众. appreciate/ əˈpriːʃɪeɪt; əˋpriʃɪˏet/ v[Tn] understand and enjoy (sth); value highly 理解并欣赏（某事物）; 赏识; 高度评价:You can't fully appreciate foreign literature in translation. 看翻译作品很难欣赏到外国文学的精髓. * I really appreciate a good cup of tea. 有好茶一杯, 我就真乐在其中了. * Your help was greatly appreciated, ie We were grateful for it. 非常感谢你的帮助.[Tn, Tf, Tw] understand (sth) with sympathy 体恤, 体念, 体谅（某事物）: I appreciateyour problem, but I don't think I can help you. 我理解你的困难, 但却爱莫能助. * I appreciate that you may have prior commitments. 我体谅你可能事先已另有承诺. * You don't seem to appreciate how busy I am. 你似乎不能体念我多麽忙.[I] increase in value 增值; 涨价: Local property has appreciated (in value) since theybuilt the motorway nearby. 自从附近修建了高速公路, 本地的地产（价值）已经增值.> appreciative / əˈpriːʃɪəɪtɪv; əˋpriʃɪˏetɪv/ adj ~ (of sth) feeling or showingunderstanding or gratitude 有欣赏力的; 表示赏识的; 感激的: an appreciative letter, audience, look 感谢信﹑表示欣赏的观众（或听众）﹑赏识的神情* I'm most appreciative of your generosity. 我对你的慷慨感激之至. appreciatively adv.climate/ ˈklaɪmɪt; ˋklaɪmɪt/ n(a) regular pattern of weather conditions (temperature, rainfall, winds, etc) of aparticular region 气候: Britain has a temperate climate. 英国气候温和. (b) area or region with certain weather conditions 有某种天气情况的地区: She moved to a warmer climate. 她迁往气候较温暖的地方.general attitude or feeling; atmosphere 一般的态度或感觉; 风气; 思潮; 倾向: aclimate of suspicion 怀疑的风气* the present political climate 当前的政治气候* the current climate of opinion, ie the general or fashionable attitude to an aspect of life, policy, etc 目前的舆论气氛（对生活﹑政策等方面）.(idm 习语) a change of air/climate => change2.> climatic / klaɪˈmætɪk; klaɪˋmætɪk/ adj of climate 气候的. climatically / -klɪ; -klɪ/ adv. climatology / ˏklaɪməˈtɔlədʒɪ; ˏklaɪməˋtɑlədʒɪ/ n [U] science or study of climate 气候学. dioxide/ daɪˈɔksaɪd; daɪˋɑksaɪd/ n [U] (chemistry 化) oxide formed by combining two atoms of oxygen and one atom of another element 二氧化物: carbon dioxide二氧化碳.let sb off (with sth) not punish sb (severely) 不（严厉）惩罚某人: She was let off with a fine instead of being sent to prison. 没让她入狱, 而是罚款了事. * Don't let these criminals off lightly, ie Punish them severely. 不要轻易放过这些罪犯. let sb off (sth) not compel sb to do (sth) 不强迫某人做（某事物）: We've been let off school today because our teacher is ill. 今天学校放假, 因为我们的老师病了. let sth off fire sth off; explode sth 放枪炮﹑烟火等: The boys were letting off fireworks. 男孩子在放烟火.vehicle/ ˈvɪəkl; US ˈviːhɪkl; ˋvihɪkl/ n(esp fml 尤作文雅语) conveyance such as a car, lorry or cart used for transportinggoods or passengers on land 陆上交通工具; 车: motor vehicles, ie cars, buses, motor cycles, etc 机动车辆* [attrib 作定语] vehicle licensing laws, eg for motor vehicles 机动车驾驶执照法* a space vehicle, ie for carrying people into space 宇宙飞船.~ (for sth) (fig 比喻) means by which thought, feeling, etc can be expressed 表达思想﹑感情等的工具或手段: Art may be used as a vehicle for propaganda. 艺术可用作宣传工具. * The play was an excellent vehicle for the actress's talents. 那出戏给了那位女演员一个大好机会一展才华.> vehicular / vɪˈhɪkjulə(r); viˋhɪkjəlɚ/ adj (fml 文) intended for or consisting of vehicles供车辆使用的; 车辆的: vehicular access 车辆驶入口* The road is closed to vehicular traffic. 此路不准车辆通行.petrol/ ˈpetrəl; ˋpɛtrəl/(US gasoline, gas) n [U] inflammable liquid obtained from petroleum by arefining process and used as a fuel in internal-combustionengines 汽油: fill a car up with petrol 给汽车的油箱灌满汽油* an increase in the price of petrol汽油价格的提高.# `petrol bomb device (often a bottle) filled with petrol that explodes when it hits something 汽油弹（常为瓶中注入汽油者）.`petrol station (also `filling station, `service station)(US `gas station) place beside a road where petrol and other goods are sold to motorists 汽车加油站. Cf 参看garage 2.`petrol tank container for petrol in a motor vehicle （机动车的）汽油箱. =>illus at App 1 见附录1插图, page xii.engine/ ˈendʒɪn; ˋɛndʒən/ nmachine with moving parts that converts energy such as heat, electricity, etc intomotion 发动机; 引擎: This car has a new engine. 这辆汽车的发动机是新的. * asteam/diesel/petrol engine蒸汽[柴油/汽油]发动机.(also locomotive) machine that pulls or pushes a railway train 机车; 火车头: I preferto sit (ie in a railway carriage) facing the engine. 我喜欢面朝机车坐（在火车车厢里）. (arch古) machine or instrument 机器; 工具: engines of war, eg cannons 战争工具（如大炮）* siege engines攻城器械.# `engine-driver n (Brit) (US engineer) person who drives a railway engine 火车司机. electrical/ ɪˈlektrɪkl; ɪˋlɛktrɪkl/ adj of or concerned with electricity 电的; 与电有关的: electrical engineering 电机工程* This machine has an electrical fault. 这台机器有电器故障. > electrically / -klɪ; -klɪ/ adv: an electrically powered drill电钻.plant1/ plɑːnt; US plænt; plænt/ n[C] (a) living organism that is not an animal, which grows in the earth and usu has astem, leaves and roots 植物: Plants need light and water. 植物需要光和水. * [attrib 作定语] `plant life植物. (b) any of the smaller kinds of these as distinct from shrubs or trees 花草: garden plants * a `strawberry plant 一株草莓* plants flowering in the window-box 窗口花坛中开着花的花草.(a) [U] machinery, equipment, etc used in an industrial or a manufacturing process （用於工业生产中的）机器﹑设备等: The firm has made a huge investment in new plant. 该公司投入巨资购置新设备. * [attrib 作定语] `plant hire, ie renting of machines or equipment 机器租赁. (b) [C] piece of machinery or equipment 机器; 设备: The farm has its own `power plant. 这家农场自己有发电设备.[C] (esp US) place where an industrial or a manufacturingprocess takes place; factory工厂: a `chemical plant 化工厂* a nuclear re`processing plant 核燃料後处理工厂. =>Usage at factory用法见factory.[C] (infml 口) (a) thing placed deliberately so that its discovery willmake an innocentperson appear guilty; false or misleadingevidence 栽赃物; 伪证: He claimed that the stolen jewellery found in his house was a plant. 他声称在他家中发现的那些失窃的珠宝是有人给他栽赃. (b) person who joins a group of criminals, conspirators, etc in order to spy on them for others （在犯罪﹑阴谋等集团中卧底的）眼线, 坐探: They discovered that he was a police plant. 他们发现他是警方的眼线.plant2/ plɑːnt; US plænt; plænt/ v(a) [Tn, Tn.pr] put (plants, seeds, etc) in the ground to grow 种植; 栽种: plant flowersaround the pool 在池子周围栽花* We planted beans and peas in the garden. 我们在花园中种菜豆和豌豆. * Plant in rows two feet apart. 每隔两英尺种一行. (b) [Tn, Tn.pr] ~ sth (with sth) put bushes, trees, flowers, etc in (a garden, flower-bed, etc) 在（花园﹑花圃等）中栽种花草树木: plant a garden 在花园中种花* plant the border with spring flowers 在边上种上春天开花的植物* mountain slopes planted with conifers栽有松柏的山坡. Cf 参看sow2.[Tn.pr] (a) place (sth) in position firmly or forcefully 牢固地或用力地安放（某物）: Heplanted his feet firmly on the ground. 他在地上双脚站得很稳. * He stood with his feet planted wide apart. 他两脚叉开很大距离站着. (b) (infml 口) position (oneself) 使（自己）处於某一位置: plant oneself in a chair in front of the fire坐到炉前的椅子上.[Tn, Tn.pr] (infml 口) (a) ~ sth (on sb) hide sth where it will be found in order todeceive sb or make an innocent person seem guilty 给某人栽赃: plant stolen goods on sb 把赃物栽给某人* He claimed that the weapons had been planted (on him). 他称那些武器是别人（给他）栽的赃. (b) ~ sb (in sth) cause sb to join a group secretly, esp to spy on its members 使某人秘密加入一集团; （尤指）安插眼线或坐探: The police had planted a spy in the gang. 警方在那团伙中安插了一名坐探. * The speaker's supporters were planted in the audience and applauded loudly. 听众中安插了演讲人的支持者; 他们使劲给他鼓掌.[Tn.pr] ~ sth in sth fix or establish (an idea, etc) in sb's mind 给某人灌输（某思想等）:Who planted that idea in your head? 是谁给你灌输的这种思想? * His strange remarks planted doubts in our minds about his sanity. 他那些怪话使我们心中生疑, 不知他精神是否正常.[Tn.pr] deliver (a blow, etc) with deliberate aim 给以（一击等）: plant a kiss on sb'scheek 在某人的面颊上吻一下* plant a blow on the side of sb's head 向某人头侧一击* plant a knife in sb's back把刀插入某人的背上.(phr v) plant (sth) out place (plants) in the ground so that they have enough room togrow 移栽, 移植（植物）: plant out tomato seedlings把西红柿移栽到地里.> planter n1 person who grows crops on or manages a plantation 农场的种植者或经管者: a`sugar-planter, `tea-planter, `rubber-planter, etc糖料作物﹑茶﹑橡胶等的种植者.2 machine for planting (plant2 1) 种植机.3 (esp US) container in which plants are grown, esp in a house as an ornament 花盆（尤指室内的）.fuel/ ˈfjuːəl; ˋfjuəl/ n[U] (a) material burned to produce heat or power, eg wood, coal, oil, etc 燃料: Whatsort of fuel do these machines need?这些机器需要哪种燃料? (b) material that producesnuclear energy 核燃料.[C] any particular type of fuel 任何类型的燃料.[C] (fig 比喻) thing that increases anger or other strong feelings （使愤怒或其他激情增强的）刺激因素: His indifference was a fuel to her hatred. 他无动於衷使她心中的怨恨火上加油.(idm 习语) add fuel to the flames => add.> fuel v (-ll-; US -l-)1 [I] take in fuel 给（某物）加燃料; 供给（某物）燃料: All aircraft must fuel before a long flight. 所有飞机均须先加油方能作长途飞行.2 [Tn] supply (sth) with fuel: fuelling a car with petrol 给汽车加汽油* (fig 比喻) inflation fuelled by big wage increases.consume/ kənˈsjuːm; US -ˈsuːm; kənˋsum/ v [Tn](a) use (sth) up 用尽, 消耗, 花费（某事物）: consume resources, time, stores, etc 耗尽资源﹑时间﹑存物等* The car consumes a lot of fuel. 这辆汽车很费汽油. * (rhet 修辞) He soon consumed his fortune, ie spent the money wastefully. 他很快就把财产挥霍殆尽. (b) destroy (sb/sth) by fire, decay, etc （因火烧﹑衰败等）毁掉（某人[某物]）: The fire quickly consumed the wooden hut. 火焰很快地吞噬了那所小木屋. * (fig比喻) be consumed (ie filled) with envy, hatred, greed, etc 心中充满了忌妒﹑仇恨﹑贪慾等. (fml 文) eat or drink (sth) 吃或喝（某物）.> consuming adj [attrib 作定语] that obsesses or dominates sb 使人着迷的; 支配某人的: Building model trains is his consuming passion. 制作模型火车是他废寝忘食的爱好.particular/ pəˈtɪkjulə(r); pɚˋtɪkjəlɚ/ adj[attrib 作定语] relating to one person or thing rather than others; individual 个别的; 个人的: in this particular case 在此个别情况中* his particular problems 他个人的问题* Is there any particular colour you would prefer?你有什麽特别喜欢的颜色吗?[attrib 作定语] more than usual; special; exceptional 非一般的; 特别的; 特殊的: amatter of particular importance 特别重要的事情* for no particular reason 无特殊原因* She took particular care not to overcook the meat. 她特别小心不把肉烹调过火. * He is a particular friend of mine. 他是我的特殊朋友.~ (about/over sth) giving close attention to detail; difficult to please; fussy 非常讲究的; 难以满足的; 挑剔的; 吹毛求疵的: She's very particular about what she wears. 她对衣着很讲究. * She's a very particular person. 她这个人很挑剔. * particular about cleanliness, money matters, one's appearance对清洁﹑钱财﹑个人仪表很认真. (idm 习语) in par`ticular especially or specifically尤其; 特别: The whole meal wasgood but the wine in particular was excellent. 整顿饭都很好, 尤其是葡萄酒更好. * `Is there anything in particular you'd like for dinner?' `No, nothing in particular.' ‘正餐你有什麽特别喜欢的菜吗?‘没有, 什麽都行. ’> particular n (often pl常作复数) piece of information; detail; fact 信息; 细节; 事项: Her account is correct in every particular/all particulars. 她的帐目笔笔无误. * He gave full particulars of the stolen property. 他详细列出全部被盗的财物. * The policewoman wrote down his particulars, ie his name, address, etc. 女警记下了他的个人资料. particularity / pəˏtɪkjuˈlærətɪ; pɚˏtɪkjəˋlærətɪ/ n [U] (a) quality of being individual orparticular(1) 个别的特性; 个性. (b) attention to detail; exactness 仔细; 精细; 详细; 精确.particularize, -ise / pəˈtɪkjuləraɪz; pɚˋtɪkjələˏraɪz/ v [I, Tn] name or state (sth) specially or one by one; specify (items) 逐一列举或具体说明（某事物）. particularization,-isation / pəˏtɪkjuləraɪˈzeɪʃn; pɚˏtɪkjələrəˋzeʃən/ n [U].particularly adv especially 尤其; 特别地; 特殊地: I like all her novels, but her latest is particularly good. 她的小说我都喜欢, 最新的一部尤其好. * Be particularly careful when driving at night. 晚上开车要特别小心. * I particularly want to see that film. 我特别想看那部电影.absorb/ əbˈsɔːb; əbˋsɔrb/ v [Tn](a) take (sth) in; suck up 吸收（某事物）; 吸进: absorb heat 吸热* Plants absorboxygen. 植物吸收氧气. * Dry sand absorbs water. 乾沙吸水. * Aspirin is quickly absorbed by/into the body. 阿司匹林很快被身体吸收了. * (fig 比喻) Clever children absorb knowledge easily. 聪明孩子容易吸收知识. (b) include (sth/sb) as part of itself or oneself; incorporate; merge with 将（某物[某人]）合并; 并吞; 同化: The larger firm absorbed the smaller one. 那大公司并吞了那小公司. * The surrounding villages have been absorbed by/into the growing city. 周围的村庄已经并入了那不断扩展的城市.reduce the effect of (an impact, a difficulty, etc) 减轻（冲击﹑困难等的）作用或影响:Buffers absorbed most of the shock. 缓冲器使震动减少了许多.hold the attention or interest of (sb) fully 完全吸引住（某人）的注意力或兴趣: Hisbusiness absorbs him. 他专心致志地处理业务.> absorbed adj with one's attention fully held 精神集中的: absorbed in her book埋头读她的书.absorbent / -ənt; -ənt/ n, adj (substance) that is able to take in moisture, etc 能吸收水分等的（物质）: absorbent cotton wool脱脂棉.absorbing adj holding the attention fully 十分吸引人的: an absorbing film引人入胜的影片.absorption / əbˈsɔːpʃn; əbˋsɔrpʃən/ n [U] ~ (by/in sth) absorbing or being absorbed 吸收; 专心致志; 全神贯注: His work suffered because of his total absorption in sport. 他热中於运动而影响了工作.oxygen/ ˈɔksɪdʒən; ˋɑksədʒən/n [U] chemical element, a gas without colour, taste or smell, present in the air and necessary for all forms of life on earth氧; 氧气: There was a shortage of oxygen at the top of the mountain. 该山顶上缺氧. * She died from lack of oxygen. 她缺氧致死. =>App 10 见附录10.> oxygenate / -eɪt; -ˏet/ (also oxygenize, -ise / -aɪz; -ˏaɪz/) v [Tn] supply, treat or mix (sth) with oxygen 供（某物）氧; 用氧处理（某物）; 使（某物）与氧混合.# `oxygen mask mask placed over the nose and mouth through which a person can breathe oxygen, eg in an aircraft or hospital 氧气面具; 氧气罩: Oxygen masks are used in aircraft only in emergencies. 飞机上的氧气面具只用於紧急情况.`oxygen tent small tent or canopy placed over the head and shoulders of a sick person who needs an extra supply of oxygen 氧幕; 氧气帐: They placed the child in an oxygen tent when he had difficulty in breathing. 那孩子呼吸困难时, 他们把他放进氧幕里.decade/ ˈdekeɪd; ˋdɛked/n period of ten years 十年: the first decade of the 20th century, ie 1900-1909 20世纪最初的十年（1900-1909）.part1/ pɑːt; pɑrt/n (often without a when singular 用作单数时, 常不用冠词a)[C] ~ (of sth) some but not all of a thing or number of things 部分: We spent (a) partof our holiday in France. 我们假期一段时间是在法国度过的. * The early part of her life was spent in Paris. 她早年住在巴黎. * She had a miserable holiday she was ill for part of the time. 她假日过得很不痛快--因为病了一段时间. * The film is good in parts. 这部影片有些部分还不错. * Parts of the book are interesting. 这部书有些地方写得很有趣. * We've done the difficult part of the job. 我们已把工作中的困难部分做完了. * The police only recovered part of the stolen money. 警方只追回了部分赃款. * Part of the building was destroyed in the fire. 建筑物有一部分已烧毁.[C] ~ (of sth) (a) distinct portion of a human or animal body or of a plant （人或动植物可区分的）部分: the parts of the body 身体各部* Which part of your leg hurts?你腿上哪儿痛? (b) (usu essential) piece or component of a machine or structure （机器或结构的）部件, （通常指）组成部分: lose one of the parts of the lawn-mower 丢失刈草机上的一个零件* the working parts of a machine 机器的操作部件* spare parts备件. (c) area or region of a country, town, etc （国家﹑市镇等的）地区, 区域: Which parts of France have you visited? 你去过法国哪些地方? * Which part of London do you come from? 你是伦敦什麽地方的人? * Do come and visit us if you're ever in our part of the world. 什麽时候到我们这一带来, 一定来和我们见见面. (d) member of sth 成员: We'd like you to feel you're part of the family. 希望你能感到像一家人一样. * work as part of a team作为小组中一员进行工作.[C] division of a book, broadcast serial, etc, esp as much as is published or broadcast atone time （书﹑广播连续节目等）部, 集（尤指长短适合於一次出版或播出者）: a TV serial in 10 parts, ie instalments 十集电视连续剧* an encyclopaedia published in 25 weekly parts 每周出一次, 分25个星期出齐的一套百科全书* Henry IV, Part II《亨利四世?第二部分》.[C] each of several equal portions of a whole （整体的若干等份中的）一部分: a sixtiethpart of a minute 一分钟的六十分之一* She divided the cake into three parts. 她把饼分成三份.[C usu sing通常作单数] ~ (in sth) person's share in an activity; role （活动中的）个人部分, 作用, 本分: Everyone must do his part. 大家都要做好分内的事. * He had no part in the decision. 他并未参予那一决定. * I want no part in this sordid business. 我不想和这一肮脏勾当有任何瓜葛.[C] (a) role played by an actor in a play, film, etc （戏剧﹑电影等中的）人物, 角色: Hetook/played the part of Hamlet. 他去哈姆雷特这个角色. * He was very good in the part. 这个角色他扮演得十分出色.* (fig 比喻) He's always acting/playing a part, ie pretending to be what he is not. 他老是装模作样. (b) words spoken by an actor playing a particular role 角色的台词: Have you learnt your part yet?你的台词背熟了吗?[C] (music音) melody or other line of music given to a particular voice or instrument 部;声部; 段: sing in three parts 三部合唱* the piano, violin, cello, etc part钢琴﹑小提琴﹑大提琴等部.parts [pl] region or area 地区; 地域: She's not from these parts. 她不是这一带的人. *He's just arrived back from foreign parts. 他刚从国外归来.[C] (US) =parting 2.(idm 习语) the best part of sth most of sth (esp a period of time) （某事物的）绝大部分（尤指一段时间）: I spent the best part of an hour trying to find my car keys. 我花了近一个小时找汽车钥匙. * You must have drunk the best part of a bottle of wine last night. 你昨天晚上喝了准有一瓶葡萄酒. the better part of sth more than half of sth （某事物的）大半, 多半: We've lived here for the better part of a year. 我们在这里住了多半年了. discretion is the better part of valour => discretion. for the `most part on the whole; usually; mostly 整体上; 通常; 多半: Japanese TV sets are, for the most part, of excellent quality. 日本电视机大多质量优良. for `my part as far as I am concerned 就我来说: For my part, I don't mind where we eat. 对我来说, 到哪儿吃饭都无所谓. the greater part of sth => great. in `part to a certain extent; partly 在某种程度上; 部分地: His success was due in part to luck. 他成功的部分原因是运气好. look the part wear clothes or have an appearance suitable for a job, role, position, etc 在什麽场合就有什麽扮相: At her wedding the new princess certainly looked the part. 王妃在婚礼上还挺是那麽回事. a man/woman of (many) `parts person with many skills or talents 多面手; 多才多艺的人. on the part of sb/on sb's part made or done by sb 由某人做出: It was an error on my part. 那是我的过失. * The agreement has been kept on my part but not on his, ie by me but not by him. 我一直遵守协议, 但他并不遵守. part and parcel of sth an essential part of sth 主要部分; 重要部分: Keeping the accounts is part and parcel of my job. 我的工作主要是记帐. play a part (in sth) (a) be involved in an activity 参加某活动: She plays an active part in local politics. 她积极参与地方政治活动. (b) make a contribution to sth; have a share in sth 对某事起作用﹑有贡献; 参与: She played a major part in the success of the scheme. 她对该计画的成功起了重要作用. * We all have a part to play in the fight against crime. 在与犯罪活动的斗争中人人有责. * Economic factors have played a significant part in Britain's decline as a world power. 英国在世界强国中的地位逐渐衰弱, 主要是经济因素造成的. take sth in good `part react to sth in a good-natured way; not be offended by sth 对某事物往好处想; 不计较; 不介意: He took the teasing in good part. 他认为逗弄他并无恶意. take part (in sth) have a share or role in sth with others; be involved in sth; participate in sth 参加, 参与（某事物）: take part in a discussion, demonstration, game, fight, celebration 参加讨论﹑游行﹑比赛﹑战斗﹑庆祝* How many countries will be taking part (in the World Cup)?有多少国家要参加（世界杯赛）? take sb's `part support sb (eg in an argument) 支持某人（如在辩论中）: His mother always takes his part. 他母亲总是站在他一边. > part adv partly 部分地: She is part French, part English. 她有法国血统, 也有英国血统. * The dress is part silk, part wool. 这件连衣裙是丝毛混纺的. * Her feelings were part anger, part relief. 她既感愤怒又觉宽慰. partly adv to some extent 在一定程度上: She was only partly responsible for the accident. 这次事故她只有几分责任. * It was partly her fault. 有一部分是她的错.# ,part-ex`change n [U] method of buying sth in which an article (eg a car) is given as part of the payment for a more expensive one 部分抵价交易法（用旧物抵一部分价款购买较昂贵同类物品的方法, 如将旧汽车作价）: offer/take sth in part-exchange以部分抵价交易法出售[购买]某物.,part of `speech (grammar) one of the classes into which words are divided in grammar, eg noun, adjective, verb, etc 词类（如名词﹑形容词﹑动词等）.,part-`owner n person who shares the ownership of sth with sb else 共有者（与他人共同所有某事物者）: Tim is part-owner of the flat. 蒂姆有该居住单位的部分产权. ,part-`ownership n [U].`part-singing n [U] singing part-songs 多声部合唱.`part-song n song with three or more parts (part1 7) 合唱曲.,part-`time adj, adv for only a part of the working day or week （一天或一星期中）部分时间工作的; 兼职的:,part-time `work/em`ployment 兼职工作[非全职雇佣] * She's looking for a ,part-time `job. 她在寻找兼职工作. * ,part-time `workers 兼职工作人员* work part-`time兼职工作. ,part-`timer n part-time worker 兼职工作者. Cf 参看full-time (full).part2/ pɑːt; pɑrt/ v[I, Ipr, Tn, Tn.pr] ~ (from sb); ~ sb (from sb) (cause sb to) go away or separatefrom sb （使某人）离开或与某人分离: I hope we can part (as) friends, ie leave one another with no feeling of anger or resentment, eg after a quarrel. 希望我们能像朋友般和气分手. * They exchanged a final kiss before parting. 他们最後相互亲吻而分离. * She has parted from her husband/She and her husband have parted, ie started to live apart. 她和丈夫已分居了. * The children were parted from their father. 孩子们和父亲分开了.[I, Tn] (cause sb/sth to) divide or form separate parts （使某人[某物]）分开, 分成部分: Her lips parted in a smile. 她绽唇微笑. * The crowd parted to let them through. 人群分开好让他们通过. * The clouds parted and the sun shone through. 云开日出. * The police parted the crowd. 警察驱散了人群.[Tn] separate (the hair of the head) along a line and comb the hair away from it 将（头发）梳成分头: He parts his hair in the middle. 他的头发是中分的.(idm 习语) a fool and his money are soon parted => fool1. part `company (withsb/sth) (a) go different ways or separate after being together 分手; 各奔东西; 各奔前程: We parted company at the bus-stop. 我们在公共汽车站分手了. * He and his agent have parted company/He has parted company with his agent. 他和他的代理人散伙了. * (joc 谑) Her blouse had parted company with her skirt, ie become untucked. 她的上衣从裙子里出来了. * (fig 比喻) It is on political questions that their views part company, ie are different. 他们在政治问题上见解不同. (b) disagree with sb 与某人意见不合: I'm afraid I have to part company with you there. 看来在这一点上我不敢苟同.(phr v) part with sth give away or relinquish sth 放弃或出让某物: Despite his poverty,he refused to part with the family jewels. 他尽管贫穷, 却不肯变卖家中的珠宝. * He hates parting with (ie spending) his money. 他很不喜欢花钱.。

Unit 21. --- What does Canada export?--- Large amounts of wheat ___________ sent abroad.A. isB. areC. haveD. is being2. I would appreciate ____________ if you come to my grandma’s birthday party and say“Hello”to her.A. thatB. itC. youD. one3. --- How was Robert's cooking?--- Oh, pretty good. I was quite .A. admiredB. interestedC. impressedD. inspired4. Much to the couple’s comfort, their income is now double ____________ it was five years ago.A. thatB. thanC. whichD. what5. It is a good plan in theory, but it ___________ to be seen whether it works in practice.A. waitsB. staysC. standsD. remains6. The city has ___________.A. the population of eight millionB. eight million peoplesC. a population of eight millionD. eight million population7. The old man is badly ill and he needs ___________ to hospital at once.A. to takeB. takingC. being takenD. taken8. His failure in the driving test ___________ his carelessness.A. resulted fromB. resulted inC. led toD. brought about9. I ___________ to go to the lecture yesterday, but I had an unexpected visitor.A. meantB. would meanC. was to meanD. had meant10. There are still many people suffering a lot, and we are to do something to __________ poverty.A. keep outB. wipe outC. give outD. run out11. Whatever he promises, you can’t ___________ anything.A. rely on his doingB. depend on his doingC. rely on him to doD. advise him to do12. When he came back, his ___________ look on his face, he failed in the interview.A. disappointedB. disappointingC. encouragedD. encouraging13. Nobody is think the film is ___________ worth ___________ again.A. very; to seeB. well; to be seenC. well; seeingD. very; being seen14. If there is anything wrong with the sentence, please ____________.A. pick it outB. pick it upC. pick itD. pick it on15. The one bedroom apartment ___________ its own bathroom and Internet access.A. is furnished forB. is supplied toC. is stocked withD. is offered with16. He is not a bit mean; instead he is always __________ to help anyone in trouble.A. possibleB. probableC. likelyD. willing17. Did you hear him ___________ the door when you passed by?A. lockingB. to lockC. having lockedD. lock18. Passengers are ___________ from using such electronic devices as mobile phones during take-off and landing.A. forbiddenB. encouragedC. prohibitedD. allowed19. When a discussion is under way, everybody is welcome to have the ___________ in class.A. floorB. timeC. chanceD. right20. What is ____________ is that try as they may, they can’t avoid the economic crisis.A. beneficialB. difficultC. effectiveD. obvious21. The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took______________ pictures of them.A. many ofB. large amounts ofC. the number ofD. a good deal of22. There is still a long way to go to solve all the problems ____________ conservation of naturalresources.A. concerningB. concernedC. concerning aboutD. concerned about23. Other simple information was recorded on the walls of caves and buildings in the _________ of pictures.A. wayB. meansC. formD. terms24. The Tower of London is ____ the Church tower.A. twice high thanB. two times as high asC. twice higher asD. three times the height of25. I want to leave now; I can’t ____ nothing useful here.A. stand to doB. stand doingC. stand being doneD. stand to be doing26. A person who believes that he is incapable will not make a real __________, because he feels that it would be useless.A. decisionB. successC. effortD. trouble27. Yesterday morning in a city in the USA, a crowd of dustmen went on a strike to _________ complaints about their low pay.A. voiceB. tellC. speakD. say28. The workers are going all out to make the output __________ three times what it was five years ago.A. grow toB. grow upC. grow byD. grow into29. As these new products are not selling well, the members of the board have decided to __________ production.A. cut downB. cut down toC. cut down onD. cut off30. He explained that not only ___________be taken but also ___________ that do his bit for the protection of the environment.A. should government measures; should everyoneB. should government measures; everyone shouldC. government measures should; should everyoneD. government measures should; everyone shouldII. 完形填空My mother used to ask me what is the most important part of the body. Through the years I would 31 the correct answer. When I was younger I thought 32 was very important to us as humans，so I said，“My ears, Mummy.” She said，“No. Many people are 33 . But you keep thinking about it and I will ask you again soon.”Several years passed before she asked me again. Since making my first 34_ , I had often thought over the q uestion. So this time I told her, “Mummy，it must be our eyes.” She looked at me and said, “You are 35 fast，but the answer is not correct because there are many people who are blind.”__36 the years, mother asked me a couple more _37_ and always her response to my answers was, “ No, but you are getting _38_ every year, my child,” Then last year, my Grandpa _39_ . Everybody was heart broken. Everybody was crying. My mum looked at me when it was our _40_ to say our final good-bye to Grandpa. She a sked me, “Do you know the most important body part yet, my dear?”I was _41 when she was asking me this now. I always thought this was a _42_ between her and me. She saw the _48_ on my face and told me, “This question is very important. It shows that you have really _44 your life.” I saw her eyes well up with tears. She said, “ My dear, the most important body part is your _45 _ .” I asked, “Is it because they hold up your head?” She replied, “No, it is _46 on them a crying friend or loved one can rest their head. I only hope that you have enough _47 and friends that you will have a shoulder to cry 48 when you need it.” Then and there I understood the most important body part is not a _49 _ one. It is sympathetic（同情的）to the pain of _50_ .31. A. notice B. believe in C. doubt D. guess at32. A. love B. health C. sound D. sight33. A. blind B. deaf C. invisible D. thoughtful34. A. discovery B. decision C. attempt D. suggestion35. A. learning B. thinking C. growing D. changing36. A. Before B. Till C. Beyond D. Over37. A. ways B. things C. questions D. times38. A. stronger B. taller C.smarter D. nicer39. A. left B. got ill C. died D. got wounded40. A. duty B. turn C. pity D. chance41. A. shocked B. satisfied C. interested D. excited42. A. game B. test C. match D. secret43. A. worry B. puzzlement C. regret D. pain44. A. enjoyed B. found C. disliked D. lived45. A. shoulders B. feet C. hands D. hair46. A. how B. because C. why D. whether47. A. respect B. favour C. love D. fun48. A. by B. on C. above D. for49. A. valuable B. useful C. selfish D. precious50. A. others B. the deaf C. Grandpa D. the blindIII. 阅读理解AScratchy throats, stuffy（堵塞）noses and body aches all result in discomfort, but being able to tell if the cause is a cold or flu may make a difference in how long the discomfort lasts, because the drugs available for the flu need to be taken soon after the illness sets in. As for colds, the sooner a person starts taking over the medications available, the sooner relief will come.The common cold and the flu are both caused by viruses. More than 200 viruses can cause cold symptoms, while the flu is caused by three viruses — flu A, B and C. There is no cure for either illness, but the flu can be prevented by the flu vaccine（疫苗）, which is, for most people, the best way to fight the flu, according to the ALA.But the flu does strike, quick action can help. Although the flu and common cold have many similarities, there are some obvious signs to look for.Cod symptoms such as stuffy nose, running nose and scratchy throat typically developed gradually, and adults and teens often do not get a fever. On the other hand, fever is one of the characteristic features of the flu for all ages. And in general, flu symptoms including fever and coldness, painful throat and body aches come on suddenly and are more worrying than cold symptoms.The ALA notes that it may be particularly difficult to tell when babies and preschool age children have the flu. It advises parents to call the doctor if their small children have flu-like symptoms.Both cold and flu symptoms can be eased with the medications as well. However, children and teens with a cold or flu should not take aspirin for pain relief because of the risk of Reye syndrome（综合症）.There is, of cause, no vaccine for the common cold. But frequent hand washing and avoiding close contact with people who have colds can reduce the probability catching one.51. According to the author, knowing the cause of the discomfort will help ____________.A. prevent people from catching colds and the fluB. the patient obtain cheaper drugsC. the patient buy medicineD. shorten the period of the illness52. We learn from the passage that ____________.A. the drugs available can be taken to ease the discomfort caused by a cold or the fluB. one doesn’t need to take any medicine if he has a cold or the flueC. aspirin should not be included in the medicines for the fluD. delayed treatment of the flu will harm the liver and central nervous systems53. According to the passage, to fight against the flu effectively, one should ____________.A. take medicine upon catching the diseaseB. identify the virus which causes itC. consult a doctor as soon as possibleD. remain watchful when the disease is spreading54. Which of the following symptoms will distinguish the flu from a cold?A. A painful throat.B. A stuffy nose.C. A dry cough.D. A high temperature.55. If children have flu-like symptoms, their parents ____________.A. are encouraged to take them to hospital for vaccinationB. are advised not to give them aspirinC. should watch out for signs of Reye syndromeD. should prevent themBIf you want to teach your children how to say sorry ,you must be good at saying it yourself, especially to your own children. But how you say it can be quite tricky.If you say to your children "I'm sorry I got angry with you, but... ", what follows that "but" can make the apology ineffective: "I had a bad day" or "your noise was giving me a headache" leaves the child who has been injured feeling that he should be apologizing for his bad behavior.Another method by which people appear to apologize without actually doing so is to say "I'm sorry you're upset"; this suggests that you are somehow at fault for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done.These pseudo(虚假的)-apologies are used by people who believe saying sorry shows weakness. Parents who wish to teach their children to apologize should see it as a sign of strength, and therefore not turn to these pseudo-apologies.But even when presented with examples of true regret, children still need help to become aware of how difficult it is to say sorry. A three-year-01d might need help in understanding that other children feel pain just as he does, and that hitting a playmate over the head with a heavy toy requires an apology. A six-year-old might need reminding that spoiling other children's expectations can require an apology. A 12-year-old might need to be shown that taking away the biscuit tin without asking permission is acceptable, but that borrowing a parent's clothes without permission is not.56. If a mother adds "but" to an apology, ____________.A. the child may find the apology easier to acceptB. the child may feel that he should apologize to his motherC. she does not realize that the child has been hurtD. she doesn't feel that she should have apologized57. According to the author, saying "I'm sorry you're upset." most probably means ________.A. You have good reason to get upsetB. I apologize for hurting your feelingsC. I'm wrong for making you upsetD. I know you're upset, but I'm not to blame58. We learn from the last paragraph that in teaching children to say sorry _________.A. their ages should be taken into considerationB. parents should be patient and tolerantC. parents need to set them a good exampleD. the difficulties involved should be taken no notice of59. It can be inferred from the passage that apologizing properly is ___________.A. not necessary among family membersB. a sign of social progressC. not as simple as it seemsD. a matter calling for immediate attentionCWhen the population of the port town began to suffer from poisoning, the police came to findthe cause of the poison. They thought someone was poisoning the people on purpose but no one knew how it was possible. Soon people took the position that the pork was poisoned. It was a popular food everyone ate and it could have possibly made everyone sick. Anyone who had possession of pork would throw it out. Even the poorest of the poor wouldn’t eat pork. Signs were posted on poles and letters were sent to everyone to warn people of the pork. Shortly afterwards, even policemen in high positions were also getting sick.Soon it became political and popular. Politicians rushed to the town to talk about politics and promised how they would find the solution if they were elected. Everyone was so sick that they didn’t care about politics. Everyone was in a position where he or she didn’t know what to do anymore. They went to the post office to mail posts out asking for help. The poor town didn’t know how to deal with the situation.One day, a well-known scientist from New York came to the town with a huge box containing many instruments and his possessions. He went to pools and the port and made measurements. He was quiet and polite. Then one day he made a speech at a newspaper meeting-room to announce his findings.“I am sorry to say your water supply is so heavily polluted; it is poisoned. I know who has been poisoning you all for such a long time. It is you who have been poisoning yourselves with pollution. A great deal of rubbish has been thrown into the water day after day. No one here has taken good care of the environment. It is no wonder all of you have been sick.” Shocked at the news, the people present were lost in thought.60. Which is the correct order of the facts described in the story?a. People suffered from poisoning.b. Politicians came to make promises.c. People began to realize the real cause.d. Pork was thrown away.e. The water there was polluted.f. A scientist came to check the water.A. e, a, d, b, f, cB. e, a, d, c, f, bC. a, e, b, d, c, fD. f, c, d, b, e, a61. What does the underlined phrase “ "took the position" mean in the passage?A. t ook the jobB. took the placeC. held the opinionD. made the suggestion62. Which of the following statements is correct?A. Everyone was so sick of politics that they didn’t care about those politicians.B. According to the scientist from New York, not all the population in the town have taken goodcare of the environment.C. The reason why the people in the town got sick was that they ate the pork poisoned by theheavily polluted water.D. if the people in the town hadn’t polluted the water supply, they would not have suffered frompoisoning or sickness.63. After reading the passage, we can infer that ________A. politicians took every chance to make themselves electedB. pork was the main food of the people in the townC. people in the town were not well-educatedD. even some police officers were getting illIV．对话填词Student: I’ve been learning English for a long time. And I still can’t speakgood English. I got really disheartened.Teacher: Take your t________. Anyway Rome wasn’t built in a day. 64. ________ Student: Can you make some s_________? 65. ________ Teacher: Ok. English is really important. But like a________ else, you 66. ________ Really need to practice and practice b________ you can do it 67. ________well.Student: How?Teacher: Well, you know when people first learn to drive a car, theyc________ do it well. They’ll make lots of mistakes. But that’s 68. ________n________. That happens to everyone. 69. ________ Student: I know what you mean.Teacher: Learning English is just l________driving a car. All you have to 70. ________ do is to practice and don’t be afraid of making mistakes because themore mistakes you make, the q________ you can speak good 71. ________ English.Student: It’s easy to say, but h________ to do. 72. ________ Teacher: I’m always glad to help you and don’t forget: language is not aboutthose words or grammar rules. Cultural background plays a vitalrole as w_________. 73. ________ Student: Jesus. What could I do before I can speak good English?Teacher: Just pickup the phone and practice with me. I’m sure I can betteryour English.64. time 65. suggestions66. anything 67. before68. can’t 69. natural70. like 71. quicker72. hard 73. well。