Unit-15-英语定语从句的翻译

英语定语从句的翻译一、定语从句的翻译（一）前置法1）Pollution is a pressing problem which we must deal with.污染是我们必须解决的一个迫切的问题。

2）A youngster who has no playmates of his age living nearby may benefit greatly from attending nursery school.没有年纪相仿的玩伴陪伴的儿童最好就是去幼儿园。

（二）后置法A．重复关系代词所代替的先行词1）They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.他们正在为理想而奋斗，这个理想关系到每个中国人的心。

过去，许多中国人为之而牺牲。

2）Each team plays ten or eleven games each season which begins in September and ends in November.每队每个季节玩10~11个游戏，游戏从9月开始，11月结束。

B．省略关系代词，把定语从句译成并列谓语3）It is he who received the letter that announced the death of your uncle.4）Some of the energy is converted into heat, which helps to maintain our body temperature at about 37℃.C．把关系代词译成人称代词5）We have seen many chemical changes, from which physical changes are different.6）It was an old woman, tall and shapely still, though withered by time, on whom his eyes fell when he stopped and turned.D．当关系代词指整个主句时，应把关系代词译成指示代词“这”7）The activity was postponed, which was exactly what we wanted.8）Salt is crystalized from sea water, which is known to be a physical change.（三）融合法1）There is somebody waiting for you who I think might be one of your friends from your native town.有个人在外面等你，我想这个人可能是你家乡的一位朋友。

3. I will never forget the day when I joined the party.
4. This is the factory where the machines are made.
现在你认识定语从句了吗？
定语从句中的关系词
关系词：
1.关系代词，在定语从句中作 主语，宾语，表语 。
This is the first book (that) he has read.
(4)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。
This is the very book that belongs to him.
(5)先行词指人又指事物
They talked about the people and things (that) they met at college.
• This is the book whose cover is blue.
• This is the book of which the cover is blue.
• Do you know the girl whose father died in Iraq.
那么怎样把两个简单句组合成含有定语从句 的复合句？
主语，而且指人
例二： The woman (_w_h_o_m__/w__h_o/_t_h_a_t) you saw in the park is our Chinese teacher. you saw _t_h_e__w_o__m_a_n__ in the park.
宾语，而且指人
注意：如果先行词还原到定语从句中， 充当的是宾语,那么可以把引导词省略．
Practice

Commas used
Commas are often used to set off non restrictive relative clauses
from the rest of the sentence
03
Not emphasized
The information in non restrictive relative clauses is not
Example 2
"The book, which was written by John, is very popular." (Non restrictive relative clause: "which was written by John") provides additional information about the book being popular It is set off by command and provides non essential information
Non defining relevant clauses
These clauses provide non essential information that is not necessary for identifying the person or thing being modified They are often used for clarification or additional information
emphasized or highlighted
Translation techniques for non restrictive relative clauses

定语从句1.前置合译法（前滚翻）：若定语从句较短，较简单，与先行词（名词）的关系紧密（一般来说，紧密的，为限定性从句；不紧密的，为非限定性从句），限定性定语从句及少部分非限定性从句（较短且有描述性的非限定），一般将从句提在先行词之前，译成“…的” 1）The action it takes at any moment can,t be predicted,and people find that disturbing.分析：后一个that引导宾语从句，指代前面的事情。

翻译：它在任何一个时刻采取的行动都无法预见，这件事使人们感到不安。

2）I was, to borrow from John Le Carre（插入语）,the spy（间谍）who was to stay out in the cold.分析：插入语，作状语，译成汉语时，放在句首翻译：借用约翰.李.卡雷的话来说，我是一名被打入冷宫的间谍。

3）There will come a day when people all over the world will live a happy life.分析：定语从句中含有定语从句，主句是when引导的定语从句，修饰a day 翻译：全世界人民过上幸福生活的那一天（终究）是会到来的。

4）The people who worked for him lived in mortal fear of him.翻译：在他手下干活的员工怕他怕得要死。

5）We were most impressed by the fact that even those patients who were not told of their serious ill were quite aware of its potential outcome.翻译：给我们留下极深印象的是（同位语的翻译）即使那些没有被告知严重病情的病人，对其疾病的潜在后果也是非常清楚的。