Solvent Vapor Extraction, Air Sparging, Soil Flushing

青蒿素溶剂萃取法流程## 英文回答：### Artemisia annua L. Solvent Extraction Process.Materials:Artemisia annua L. plant material.Extraction solvent (e.g., ethanol, methanol, hexane)。

Solvent extraction vessel.Filter paper or cloth.Rotary evaporator or vacuum filtration apparatus.Drying oven.Procedure:1. Preparation of plant material:Harvest Artemisia annua L. plants at the appropriate stage of growth (flowering stage).Dry the plant material thoroughly in a well-ventilated area or using a drying oven.Grind the dried plant material into a fine powder using a grinder or blender.2. Solvent extraction:Place the powdered plant material into an extraction vessel.Add the extraction solvent to the plant material in a ratio of 1:10 (w/v).Macerate the plant material and solvent mixture for an appropriate time (e.g., 24 hours).Filter the extract through filter paper or cloth to separate the extract from the plant debris.3. Concentration of extract:Rotary evaporator: Transfer the extract to a rotary evaporator and reduce the pressure to evaporate the solvent. Collect the concentrated extract.Vacuum filtration: Filter the extract using a vacuum filtration apparatus. Wash the filter cake with a small amount of solvent to remove any remaining extract. Remove the solvent from the filtrate using a rotary evaporator.4. Drying:Spread the concentrated extract on a thin layer and dry it in a drying oven at a low temperature (e.g., 40-50°C) until it reaches constant weight.Store the dried extract in an airtight container ina cool, dry place.Notes:The choice of extraction solvent depends on the desired compounds to be extracted.The maceration time may vary depending on the plant material and solvent used.The temperature of the drying oven should be carefully controlled to prevent degradation of the extract.## 中文回答：### 青蒿素溶剂萃取法流程。

溶液快速脱气方法随着科技的发展，溶液快速脱气技术在科研和工业生产中得到了越来越广泛的应用。

溶液脱气是指将水或其他溶剂中的气体分子去除，使溶液中的化学反应发生在没有气体妨碍的情况下进行。

脱气的目的是为了消除气泡、气穴或其他气体形成原因，保证试验或生产的质量和准确性。

一般情况下，溶液脱气可以通过通入惰性气体、搅拌等方式进行，但这些方法的效果并不理想，消除气体的速度较慢，需要占用大量的时间和人力物力。

因此，开发出更快速、高效的溶液快速脱气方法具有重要的意义。

本文将介绍三种常用的溶液快速脱气方法：真空吸附法、氮气压力驱除法和超声波脱气法。

一、真空吸附法真空吸附法也称为罗森特华尔法。

该方法是利用真空吸附器从某些溶剂中去除空气或其他气体。

真空吸附器由一根纤维棒组成。

使用前，将它浸泡在具有高表面张力的吸附剂中，如MGCl2和子醇。

方法步骤：1.在吸附器中加入已经准备好的吸附剂。

2.将吸附器放入溶液中，连接真空泵。

3.启动真空泵，让吸附器内的压力降低至-0.1MPa左右。

吸附剂会吸附掉溶液中的空气或其他气体。

4.在真空下静置溶液5-10分钟，直到达到脱气的要求为止。

5.关闭真空泵，取出吸附器。

该方法表现出高效、简单、方便等显著的特点，可以快速地消除溶液中的气体，适用于有机溶剂、水、乙醇等多种溶剂。

但是真空吸附法不适用于具有较高蒸汽压和易挥发性的溶剂。

二、氮气压力驱除法氮气压力驱除法是利用氮气压力将气体从溶液中驱出的方法。

因为氮气是一种惰性气体，且约占空气中的78%，所以可以通过较高的氮气压力，将空气、二氧化碳等气体从溶液中驱出。

此方法适用于固体颗粒较少，不易悬浮的溶液。

2.连接氮气源的入口管道，打开氮气，使压力达到2-3bar。

3.在氮气流入的同时，通过试管底部的小孔，缓慢排出气体。

气体的排出和氮气的输入应基本相等。

4.当气体完全排出并且气泡不再生成时，关闭流量计和氮气源。

5.插入一根垂直向下的小钢棒，用于破除有可能留下气泡的液体表面。

土壤修复技术总结1Air sparging(AS) and Soil vapor extraction(SVE) 空气扰动和土壤蒸汽提取技术1.1简介AS是一种相对较新的原位修复技术，主要用于修复被非水相（NAPLs），特别是挥发性有机物（VOCs）污染的饱和土壤和地下水（图1）。

在AS作用下，压缩空气喷入地下水位以下的污染带，通过气、液两相间的传质过程，污染物从土壤或地下水中挥发到空气中，含有污染物的空气在浮力的作用下不断上升，到达地下水位以上的非饱和区域，则运用了SVE技术，在其抽提的作用下，这些含污染物的空气被抽出地下，并于地上处理。

另外，喷入的空气还能为饱和土壤中的好氧生物提供足够的氧气，促进了污染物降解。

图1 AS与SVE连用技术的示意图1.2原理AS技术的基本原理就是在污染地下水或土壤内引入清洁空气产生驱动力，利用土壤固相、液相和气相之间的浓度梯度，在气压降低的情况下，将其转化为气态的污染物排出土壤外。

SVE 技术则是利用真空泵产生负压驱使空气流过污染的土壤孔隙而解吸并夹带有机组分流向抽取井，最终于地上进行处理。

此外有氧生物降解也是其一个重要的过程。

一般而言，在渗透率较低的砂土中，挥发、对流、扩散、弥散、溶解和有氧生物降解是污染物传递和转化的主要机制；在渗透率较高的砂砾中，挥发、弥散、溶解和有氧生物降解是污染物传递和转化的主要机制。

1.3AS技术的应用和研究现状Semer等研究认为，AS技术是去除饱和土壤和地下水中的挥发性有机污染物的最有效方法，去除率可以高达98%。

Lundegard等在意大利对石油烃的AS现场研究表明，空气流动区域的形状接近抛物线，并且是对称的，半径大约是2.4m。

Benner 等在美国运用AS技术对砂质土和地下水进行去除TEX的研究发现，现场TEX浓度下降了88%，而且其中97%的污染物是被有氧生物降解的。

Bass等总结了44个用AS系统处理被各种烃类污染的土壤中，有47%的去除率在95%以上，只有29%的的去除率低于90%。

复乳化溶剂挥发法英文英文回答：Solvent Evaporation Method of Emulsion Reformation.The solvent evaporation method is a technique used to create emulsions, which are mixtures of two or more immiscible liquids. In this method, a solvent is used to dissolve one of the liquids, creating a homogeneous solution. The other liquid is then added to the solution, and the solvent is gradually evaporated, causing the dissolved liquid to precipitate out and form an emulsion.The solvent evaporation method is a versatile technique that can be used to create emulsions with a wide range of properties. The type of solvent used, the ratio of the two liquids, and the evaporation rate all affect the final properties of the emulsion.Advantages of the Solvent Evaporation Method.Versatile: Emulsions with a wide range of properties can be created using this method.Simple: The process is relatively simple and straightforward.Scalable: The method can be scaled up to produce large volumes of emulsion.Disadvantages of the Solvent Evaporation Method.Solvent removal: The solvent used in the process must be removed from the final emulsion.Time-consuming: The evaporation process can be time-consuming, especially for large volumes.Applications of the Solvent Evaporation Method.The solvent evaporation method is used in a variety of applications, including:Food: Emulsions are used in food products such as mayonnaise, salad dressings, and ice cream.Cosmetics: Emulsions are used in cosmetics such as lotions, creams, and sunscreens.Pharmaceuticals: Emulsions are used in pharmaceuticals such as ointments, creams, and injectables.中文回答：复乳化溶剂挥发法。

环境服务类项目报价单模板及范文 Environmental Services Project Quotation Template.I. Company Information.Company Name.Address.Phone Number.Email Address.Website.II. Project Overview.Project Title.Project Description.Project Location.Project Schedule.III. Scope of Work.Environmental Site Assessment:Phase I Environmental Site Assessment. Phase II Environmental Site Assessment. Remediation Services:Soil Remediation.Groundwater Remediation.Air Remediation.Compliance Monitoring:Air Emission Monitoring.Water Discharge Monitoring. Waste Management Monitoring. Other Services:Environmental Permitting.Environmental Audits.Environmental Training.IV. Pricing.Hourly Rates:Project Manager.Environmental Scientist.Field Technician.Fixed-Price Services:Phase I Environmental Site Assessment. Phase II Environmental Site Assessment. Tiered Pricing:Based on project complexity and scope. V. Terms and Conditions.Payment Terms.Warranty.Liability.Intellectual Property.VI. Signature.Authorized Representative Signature.Date.Sample Environmental Services Project Quotation.I. Company Information.ABC Environmental Services.123 Main Street, Anytown, CA 12345。

汽轮机常用英文缩写缩写全称中文A/M auto/manual 自动/手动ADS automatic dispatch system 自动调度系统AGC automatic generator control 机组自动发电控制AOP auxiliaty oil pump 辅助油泵AOV air operated valve 汽动门AST automatic stop trip 自动停机跳闸系统A-STP auto stop 自动停止A-STRT auto start 自动启动ATC automatic turbine control 汽轮机自动控制A-TRIP auto trip 自动跳闸AUX auxiliary 辅助的BAF baffle 隔板BASE base 基本方式BBL barrel 圆筒型支架BF boiler follow 锅炉跟随方式BKUP backup 备用BOPMS balance of plant master system 机组辅助设备主控顺序BP base plate 底版，支撑板BPS bypass control system 旁路控制系统BRG bearing 轴承BW backwash 反洗BYP bypass 旁路CAB cabinet 小室CAEP condenser air extraction pump 真空泵CAV cavity 空腔CAVIT cavitation 汽蚀CC closing coil 闭式循环CCCW closed circuit cooling water 闭式循环冷却水CCCWP closed circuit cooling water pump 闭式循环冷却水泵CCW condenser circulating water 循环水CCW counter clockwise 逆时针的CCWP condenser circulating water pump 循环水泵CE case expansion 缸胀CEP condensate extraction pump 凝结水泵CHEM chemical 化学CIV close interceptor valve 关中压调门CLD cold/cooled 冷的CLF clarifier 净化器CLG cooling 冷却CLNG cleaning 清洁，净化CLR cool 冷却器CLS close 关CLSD closed 已关CLU clutch 离合器CND conduit 管道，导线管CNDCT conductivity 导电率，传导率COAG coagulant 凝结剂COAX coaxial 同轴的COND condenser 凝汽器COOL coolant 冷却介质COR coordination 协调控制方式COV cover 外壳CPLG coupling 偶合器，连轴器CRH cold reheat 冷再热CRIT critical 临界的，关键的CSG casing 汽缸CT combustion turbine 燃气轮机CTW cooling tower 冷水塔CV control valve 高调门CW circulating water 循环水CW cooling water 冷却水CWP circulating water pump 循环水泵CYL cylingder 汽缸D density 密度，浓度DE differential expansion 胀差DEA deaerator 除氧器DECR decrease 下降DEG degree(s) 度DEGC degrees celsius 摄氏度DEH digital electro-hydraulic control system 数字电液调节系统DEH digital 数字电液DEMIN demineralization 除盐DESALN desalination 除盐DGS degasifier 脱气器，除氧器DIL dilute/dilution 冲淡稀释DISH dissolved hydrogen 溶氢DISO dissolved oxygen 溶氧DMNRLZR demineralizer 除盐装置DOS dosing 配料，加药DR door 门DSTL distill 蒸馏DSTLT distillate 蒸馏EBOP emergency bearing oil pump 事故轴承油泵ECC eccentricity 偏心度EH electrohydraulic 电液EHC electrohydraulic control 电液控制EOP emergency oil pump 事故油泵ES extraction steam 抽汽ETS emergency trip system 汽轮机紧急跳闸保护系统EXCH exhange/exhanger 交换/交换器EXH exhaust 排气/排汽EXHD exhaust hood 排汽罩/排汽缸EXTR extraction/extractor 抽取/抽汽器FA full arc 全周，全周进汽FCB faster cut back 机组快速甩负荷FCPLG fluid (hydraulic) coupling 液力偶合器FILL filling 充水，充汽FJCTR ejector 抽气器，喷射器FL fluid 流体，液体FLG flange 法兰FLTK flash tank 扩容器FLTR filter 过滤器FLTRG filtering 过滤FNL final 末级，最后FST first 第一级FW feedwater 给水FWP feedwater pump 给水泵GATE gate 门，导叶GLND gland 密封装置，压盖GLND ST gland steam 密封蒸汽，轴封蒸汽GT gas turbine 燃气轮机GTG gas turbine generator 燃气轮机发电机GTV gate valve 闸门GV governor valve 主汽调节门HCL hydrochloric acid 盐酸HDR header 母管，联箱HITASS hitichi turbine automatic start-up system 日立汽轮机自启动系统HL heat loss 热损失HORIZ horizontal 水平的，卧式的HP high pressure 高压HPR hopper 斗，漏斗HPSV high pressure stop valve 高压主汽门HRH hot reheat 再热热段HRSG heat recovery steam generator 回热式汽轮发电机HRT heat rate 热耗率HRU heat recovery unit 回热式机组HS high speed 高速HT heat 加热HTG heating 加热HTR heater 加热器HU humidifier 加湿器HW hotwell 热井HX heat exchange 热交换器HYDR hydraulic 液力的HYDRO hydrostatic 静水的HYPCL hypochlorite 氯化物ICBV interceptor control bypass valve 中调门旁路门ICV interceptor control valve 中调门IMPLR impeller 叶轮INJ injection 喷射INRTNG inerting 惰性的INTMD intermediate 中间的IP intermediate pressure 中压IPSW intermediate press service water 中压厂用水IPSWP intermediate press service water pump 中压厂用水泵IV interceptor valve 中压调节汽门JB junction box 接线盒，连轴器JCT junction 连接JNL journal 轴径JOP jacking oil pump 顶轴油泵LIQ liquid 液体LKG leakage/leaking 泄漏LO lube oil 润滑油LOFF leakoff 泄漏的，已漏的LOP lube oil pump 润滑油泵LP low pressure 低压LUB lube/lubrication 润滑MACH machine 机器MANF manifold 母管MDBFP motor driven boil feed pump 电泵MEH microprocessor electric hydraulic control 微机化电液调节系统MEZZ mezzanine 高压加热器MOP main oil pump 主油泵MOT main oil tank 主油箱MOV motor operated valve 电动门MS main steam 主蒸汽MSSV main steam stop valve 主汽门MSV main steam valve 主汽门MSV main stop valve 主截门MTS master trip solenoid 主跳闸电磁阀NOL normal oil level 正常油位NRV non return valve 逆止阀OIV open interceptor valve 开中压调门OPC overspeed protect controller 超速保护控制PLSH polish/polishing 精处理PLSHR polisher 精处理器PNEU pneumatic 气动的PPS 汽轮机防进水保护RB run back 辅机故障减负荷RD run down 负荷迫降REV reverse 反向REVD reversed 反向的REVLN revolution 转数RNBK runback 快速减负荷ROT rotary 转动的ROTAT rotate 转动ROTATN rotation 转动RPD rupturing disc 叶片断裂RPM revolutions per minute 每分钟的转数RPS revolutions per second 每秒钟的转数RSV reheat stop valve 中压主汽门RSV reserve 备用RTN-N return to normal 复位RTR rotor 转子RU run up 负荷迫升RUNNG running 运行RV self-regulating valve 自动调整门S/O shutoff 断开SA OFF semi-auto off 半自动关SA ON semi-auto on 半自动开SAF safety 安全SD shutdown 停机SEL select 选择SELD selected 已选好的SEP separate/separator 分离/分离器SET setting/settling 设定SEW sewer 下水道SFT shaft 轴SG standby generator 备用发电机SHL shell 外壳SJAE steam jet air ejector 射汽抽气器SK sink 排水管，排水沟，散热器SO seal oil 密封油SOP seal oil pump 密封油泵SP set point 设定值SPD speed 速度SPGR specific gravity 比重SPRG sparging 喷淋，鼓泡SPRY spary 喷射SPVOL specific volume 比容SS selector switch 选择开关STG stage 级STG steam turbine generator 汽轮发电机STP stop 停止STPD stopped 已停止STPG stopping 停止的STR strainer 拉紧装置，过滤器STRT start 启动STRTD started 已启动的STRTG starting 启动的SU startup 开机SU/SD startup/shutdown 开机/停机SUB submerged 浸在水中的SUCT suction 吸入，抽真空SUP support 支承SUPV supervisory 监视的SUPVN supervision 监视SV servo valve 电液伺服阀（电液转换器）SV stop valve 截止门SWC service water closed 闭式水SWCP service water closed pump 闭式水泵SWCS service water closed sump 闭式水箱SWO service water open 开式水SWOP service water open pump 开式水泵TCS turbine control system 汽轮机控制系统TDM turbine diagnose monitoring 汽轮机运行监视、诊断管理TEMP temperature 温度TF turbine follow 汽机跟随方式T-G turbine generator 汽轮发电机TGOP turbine gear oil pump 盘车油泵TGR turbine gear 盘车THR thrust 推力THRBRG thrust bearing 推力轴承THRM thermal 热力的THROT throttle 节流TK tank 箱，容器T-MCR turbine maximum continous rate 汽轮机最大连续出力TPC throttlt pressure control 主蒸汽压力控制TRSHRK trashrack 滤网TRTMT treatment 处理TRVL travel/travelling 运行，旋转TRVSCN travelling screens 旋转滤网TSI turbine supervisory instrument 汽轮机监测仪表系统TSI turbine supervisory instrumentation 汽轮机检测仪表TURB turbine 汽轮机TURBFLW turbine flow 汽轮机流量TURN turning 转动TV throttle valve 主汽门TWR tower 塔UAM unit automatic management 机组自启停管理系统UM unit master 机组主控UMS unit master sequence 机组主控顺序UNBAL unbalance(d) 不平衡UPR upper 上部的UPSTR upstream 上游的；逆流的；进口的VAC vacuum 真空VAP vapor 蒸汽VERT vertical 垂直的VIB vibrator/vibration 振动器/振动VLV valve 阀门VOL volume 体积；容积VP pneumaticlly operated valve 气动门V-V 通风排汽阀VWO valve wide open 阀门全开WASH washer/washing 冲洗WMUP warmup 暖机WTR water 水ZS 零转速监视系统电气常用英文缩写缩写全称中文AC alternating current 交流电AC automatic control 自动控制ACA accident consequence assessment 事故后果评价ACB air circuit breaker 空气断路器ACC accident 故障、事故ACCUM accumulate accumulate 累计、蓄电池ACDS acourtic crack detection system 声裂纹检测系统ACT/S active side 带电部件、有功部件ACW anti-clockwise 反时针方向ACW anti-clockwise 反时针方向AD analog-digital 模拟-数字AEOD analysis and evaluation of operational data 运行数据分析和管理AFC automatic frequency control automatic following control 自动频率控制：自动跟踪控制AI artificial intelligence 人工智能ALT alternate 交变的、交替的ALTNTR alternator 同步发电机AM ammeter 电流表AMP ampere 安培AN air natural cooled 空气自然冷却AOC automatic overload control 自动过载控制APC automatic plant coordinate control automatic power control机组自动协调控制：自动功率控制APP appendix auxiliary power plant 附录：辅助电源设备APS acessory power supply 辅助电源APU auxiliary power unit 辅助动力装置：辅助电源设备ARM armature 电枢、衔铁ASR automatic speed run up 自动升速ASU automatic synchronizing unit 自动同步系统AT auxiliary transformer 辅助变压器AUS auxiliary switch 辅助开关AUX auxiliany 辅助、备用AVL automatic voltage control 自动电压控制AVR automatic voltage regulator 自动调压器BAT battery 电池BD block decrease 闭锁减BDUC bus duct 母线导管、母线沟BDV blowdown voltage 击穿电压BF back feed 反馈BHP brake horse power 制动马力BI block increase 闭锁增BKR breaker 断路器BOS back-out system 补偿系统BOT build-operate-tranfer 建造-运行-移交BR brush 电刷、刷子BRKG breaking 断开BYC battery charger 电池充电器CA compressed air 压缩空气CAOS completely automatic operate system 全自动操作系统CAP capactty 电容、出力、容量CAP capacity 容量、功率CATS computer-aided trouble-shooting 计算机辅助故障查寻CB control buton circuit breaker circuit board 控制钮：线路断路器：电路板CBL line circuit breaker 线路断路器CC charactevistic curve 特性曲线CCW counter-clockwise 反时针CD control desk 控制台CEMF cownta electromotive force 反电动势CG center of gravity 重心CHGR charger 充电器CKT circuit 电路、线路CKW clockwise 顺时针方向CL center line 中心线CLSG closing 关闭、合闸CMR continuous maxinum rating 连续最大功率CNDN condition 工况、参数CO con-out 关闭、切断COEF coefficient 系数CONST constans construction 常数：构造、结构CONT contact control 接点：调节、控制CP control panel 控制板CPD capacitor potential device 电容器分压器CRT cathode-ray tube 阴极射线管CRT circuit 回路CS controlled switch controll signal 控制开关：控制信号CT current transformer 电流互感器CW clockwise 顺时针方向CY cycle 循环、周期DB distribution box 配电箱DBMS data base management system 数据库管理系统DC direct current 直流电DCAS data collection and analysis system 数据收集分析系统DE digital equipment display equipment 数字元件：显示设备DELIV deliver 供给、供电/输出DG diesel generator 柴油发电机DG diesel generator 柴油发电机DHP delivered horse power 输出功率DI data input 数据输入DISC disconnect 断开DISC SW disconnect swtich 隔离开关DISTR diatribution 分散、分配、配电DL data line 数据传输线DMM digital multimeter 数字万用表DMS data management system 数据管理系统DO diesel oil 柴油DO digital output 数字输入DOS dosing 量DPDT double-pole double-throw 双刀双掷开关DPST double-pole sigle-throw 双刀单掷开关DSCH discharge 放电DSL diesel 柴油机DSL line desconnect switch 隔离开关DT dawn time 故障停机时间DTS data transimission 数据传输系统DYNA dynamic analysis 动态分析E.U engineering units 工程单位E/P electrical to pneumatic converter 电动气动转换器EAF equivalent available factor 等效可运系数ECR economical continuous rating 经济连续出力EE electrical engineer 电气工程师EFF efficiency 效率EFFT effective 有效的EHV extra-high voltage 超高压ELEC electric 电气的EMER emergency 紧急、事故EMER emergency 事故保安EMF inductive electromotive force 感应电动势EMLON emergency condition 事故状态EMP eletromechanical power 机电功率EMS emergency switch 紧急开关、事故按钮ENCL enclose 封闭、包围ENER energize 励磁、使带电ENERD energized 已励磁的、已带电的ENG engage 发动机EP extreme power 极限功率ESD emergency shutdown 事故停机ESS essential service system 主要厂用系统ETS electrical trip solenoid 电气跳闸线圈EXC exciter 励磁机、励磁EXD external device 外部设备EY voltage transducer 电压变送器FB fuse block 保险盒FC fast closing 快关F-F flip-flop 触发器FL full load 满负荷FLF flip-flop 触发器FME frequency measuring equipment 频率计FP full power 满功率FREQ frequency 频率FU fuse 保险丝、熔断器FWR full-wave rectifier 全波整流器GEN generator 发电机GIS gas-insulated metal-enclosed switch gear 全封闭组合电器GPT generator potential transformer 发电机电压互感器GRD ground 接地GRD FLT ground fault 接地故障GT grounding transformer 接地变压器HC holding coil 保持线圈HF high frequency 高频HG harmonic generator 谐波发生器HIPOT high potential test 高电压实验HLDG holding 保持HP horse power 马力HS hand switch 手动开关HT high tension 高压HTN high tension 高电压HV high voltage 高电压HV high voltage high velocity 高压：高速HVDC high voltage direct current transmission system 高压直流输电系统HVPC high voltage power supply 高电压源I/O input/output 输入/输出IC integrated circuit input circuit 集成电路：输入电路ICL incoming line 引入线IMP impedance 阻抗IMPLS impulse 脉冲、冲动INDN induction 感应INIT initial 启动、励磁INITD initiated 已励磁的、已启动的INSUL insulate 绝缘、隔热INTMT intermediate 间断的、间歇的INVR inverter 逆变器、反相器ISLN isolation 隔离开关ISOL isolation 隔离的、绝缘的JY watt transduce 有功变送器K kilo 千KW kilowatt 千瓦KWH kilowatt-hour 度L electrical power line 电线LA lightening arrester 避雷器LC load centre 负荷中心LC load center 负荷中心LDS line disconnecting switch 线路隔离开关、线路断路器LN line 线路LOC local 就地LPC linear power controller 线性功率放大器LR line relay 线性继电器LSIC large scale integrated circuit 大规模集成电路LV low voltage 低电压MAG magnet 磁铁/磁场的MAN manual 手动的MC manual control magnet contactor 人工控制：磁铁开关MCB molded case circuit breaker 模板式断路器MCC motor control centre 马达控制中心MCC motor control center 马达控制中心MCR main control room maxium capacity rating maxium continuous rating 主控室：最大额定出力：最大连续出力MDS motor disconnect switch 马达隔离开关MG motor generator 电动发电机ML mechanical loss 机械损失MNXFMR main transformor 主变压器MO motor 马达MOD motor operated disconnect 电动断开MPR motor protrelay 电机保护继电器MSTR motor starter 马达启动器MWE megawatt electric 兆瓦电MWH megawatt-hour 兆瓦小时NADVD not advanced 滞后NEG negative 阴极的、负的NET network 网络NEUT neutral 中性的NGT neutral groundong transformer 中性点接地变压器NL noload 空载、无负荷NOM nominal 额定的NRP normal rated power 额定功率O&R overhaul and repair 大小修OA operator auto mode 运行人员监控下的自动控制运行方式OL motor overload device 电机过负荷装置OP output power operating procedure 输出功率：运行规程OPER operating 操作OR operating record 停运记录OVHL overhaul 大修P.O. power output 功率输出P.U. per unit 标幺值PA power amplifier 功率放大器PAMS post-accident montoring instrumentation 事故后监测仪表PB push button 按钮开关PC power center 动力中心PCB power circuit breaker 功率继电器PCC power conditioning and control 电力调节与控制PCM pulse-code modulation 脉冲编码调制PD potenial difference power driven 电位差：电动的PE power equipment 发电综合控制PF power factor indicator 功率因数PFI power factor indicator 功率因数表PGCC power generation control complex 相位PH phase 功率输入PI power input 峰值负荷PK peak 峰值PL plate 板、极板PL peak load 峰值负荷PLD payload 有效负载PM phase midulation 调相PO power operator 电动操作POH planned outage hours 计划停运小时POOH planned overhaul outage hours 计划大修停运小时POS positive 正的、正极的POS position 位置POT potential transformer 电势、电位计PP peak power 峰值功率PPS plant protective system primary protection system 电厂保护系统：一次保护系统PS power station power supply power system 电站：电源：电力系统PSS power support stabilizer 电力系统稳定器PT potential transformer 电压互感器PT potential transformer 电压互感器PT pressure transducer 压力变送器PWR power 功率Q transistor 晶体管QA quick acting 快速动作QMQB quick-make quick-break 快通快断R rate rotor ratio 速率：转子：比率系数RA remote auto 远程自动RAM repair and maintenance 检修与维护RB run back 甩负荷RD run down 降负荷RF reserve free 备用ROT rate of turn reserve oil tank 转动速度：备用油箱RP rated power 额定功率RPM revolution per minute 转/分RPS revolution per second 转/秒RS resistor 电阻器RSV reserve 备用RTD resistance temperature device 电阻测量计RU run up 升负荷RU run up 升负荷S/C short circuit 短路SC short circuit 短路SC semi-conductor 半导体SCR silicon-controlled rectifier 可控硅整流器SECT sectional 等级、分级SEN sensor 传感元件、传感器SERV service 工作、厂用SG standby generator 备用发电机SO shut-off 停机、遮断SOE sequence of events 事故顺序记录SOH scheduled outage hours 计划停机时间SOV solenoid -operated valve 电磁阀SP single pole spare 单极：备用SPC system power control 系统电源控制SPDT single-pole double-throw 单刀双掷SR speed reguletor standard rating silicon rectifier 调速器：额定容量：硅整流器SS station service 厂用SS stopping switch 停机开关SST station service transformer 厂用变压器ST starter startup transformer 启动器：启动变压器STA stationary 固定的STAT stator 定子STBY standby 备用STBY stand by 备用STR reserve station service transformer 厂用备用变压器SUBSTA substation 变点站SUPL supervisory 供电、电源SUR surge 冲击、波动SV solenoid valve 电磁阀、滑阀SW switch 开关SW switch 开关、手把SW short wave switch 短波：开关SWBD switchboard 配电SWBD switchboard 开关板、配电盘SWC surge withstand capability 冲击电压承受能力SWGR switchyard 配电装置SWYD switchyard 开关场SY synchroscope 同步指示器SYM symmetrical system 对称系统SYNC synchronize 使---同步SYNCG synchronizing 同步SYNSCP synchroscope 同步指示器SYS system 系统SYST system 系统T&D transimission and distribution 输电与配电T&M testing and maintenance electrical trip and monitoring 实验与维修：电电气跳闸与监视系统TACH tachometer 转速表TASS technique assembly 装配工艺TB therminal board 端子板、终端板TBO time between overhaul 大修间隔TC thermocouple 热电偶TD time delay 延时TD technique data time delay 技术数据：时滞、延时TDC time delay closing 延时闭合TDD time delay on deenerization 延时失励TDE time delay energization 延时激励TDO time delay opening 延时打开TE thermoelectric test equipment 热电的：测试设备TH thermal element 热电偶、热偶元件TIS test instrumentation system thermal insulation system 测试仪表系统：绝缘系统TL total loss total load time limit 总损失：总负荷：时间限制TM time monitor 时间监视器TOT total 总共TP test point time pulse 实验点、测试点：时间脉冲TPDT triple-pole double-throw 三刀双掷开关TR test run transducer 试运行：变送器TRANS transport 运输TRC transmission and reception controller 传输及接收控制器TRIAC triode altermating current switch 三极管交流开关TRU transmit-receive unit 发送接收装置TSI turbine supervisory instrument 汽轮机监视仪表TVM transistor voltmeter 晶体管电压表U unit 机组UAT unit auxiliary transformer 厂用变压器UDF unit derating factor 机组降低出力系数UDG unit derating generation 机组降低出力少发电量UDH unit derating hours 机组降低出力小时UERS unusual event recording system 异常事故记录系统UNDH unit derating hours 机组降低出力小时UNIV universal 通用UNLD unloading 无载的、空载的UO unit operator 机组操作员UOF unplanned outage factor 非计划停运系数UOH unplanned outage hour 非计划停运小时UOR unplanned outage rate 非计划停运率UPS uninterrupted power supply 不停电电源URT unit run time 设备运行时间UST unit station service transformer 厂用变压器UV under voltage 电压不足、低电压UV 电压监察VAR variable 变量VARHM garhour meter 无功电度表VC variable capacitor voltage comparator 可变电容:电压比较器VCB vacuum circuit breaker 真空断路器VCT voltage current transformer 电压电流互感器VENT ventilator 通风VF vriable frequency 可变频率VOLTREG voltage regularor 电压调节器VR variable resistor voltage regulator 可变电阻：稳压器VT vibration testing 振动实验VT voltage time to breakdown 击穿电压时间VTVM vacuum-tube voltmeter 真空管电压表W/O without 没有WDG winding 绕组、线圈WH watt-hour 瓦特小时WHM watthour meter 有功电度表WTR water 水WV working voltage 工作电压WZJ 绝缘监察XDCR transducer 变送器XFER transfer 转换XFMR transfoormer 变压器XMSN transmission 输电XMTR transmitter 变送器XS transfer switch 转换开关YD yard 工作场热工常用英文缩写缩写全称汉语A/D analog to digital 模拟/数字ACK acknowledge 确认AI analog input 模拟量输入AMM analog master module 模拟主模件AMPL amplifier 放大器ANAL analysis 分析ANALZ analyzer 分析机ANLG analog 模拟ANN annunciator system 报警系统ANN annunciator 信号装置，报警器AO analog output 模拟量输出AO analog output 模拟输出AOL analog output to loop 对FC30环的模拟输出APO auxiliary plant operator 辅助设备操作员ATTEN attenuator 衰减器，消声器AVAIL available 可用的AVG average 平均的BHP brake horsepower 制动马力BK brake 制动器BLK block 程序块，封闭BLNK blank 空白，熄灭C-C centure-to-centure 中心距,中心之间CFGN configuration 轮廓,构架,组态CH chain 链,环CHAN channel 通道CHG change 改变CIU computer interface unit 计算机接口单元CL centure line 总线,中心线CMS computer monitoring system 计算机监视系统CNDNR conditioner 调节器CNGR congruence 相同,重合CNT contact 接触,触点CNTL control 控制CNTLR controller 控制器CNVR conveyor 传送装置CON connector 连接器CONST constant 恒定的,常数CONT continuous 连续的CONV converter 转换器COORD coordinator/coordinate 调度员/协调CR control relay 控制继电器CRT cathode ray tube 显示器CS control switch 控制开关CTR centre 中央CTRLZD centralized 集中CV control valve 控制调门,调节器D/A digital to analog converter 数字/模拟转换器DAS data acquisition system 数据采集系统DAS data acquisition system 数据采集系统DCS distributed control system 分散控制系统DCS distributed control system 分散控制系统DD device driver(fc123) 设备驱动器DET detector 检测器DETD detected 检测到的DETN detection 检测DEVN deviation 偏差DI digital input 数字输入DIAGL diagonal 对角的DIAPH diaphragm 流量孔板，薄膜DIFF differential 有差的DIFFT differential temperature 温差DIG digital 数字DISTRB disturbance 扰动，干扰DLY delay 延迟，滞后DO digital output 数字输出DOL digital output to loop(fn45) 到FN45环的数字输出DP differential pressure 压差DSBLD disabled 不能的DSV double solenoid valve 双螺线管阀门，电磁阀EWS engineer work station 工程师工作站F/C fall close 出故障时自动关闭F/O fall open 出故障时自动打开FB feedback 反馈FDG functional drive group 功能驱动组FDG OFF functional drive group off 功能驱动组关FDG ON functional drive group on 功能驱动组开FGCTL functional group control 功能组控制FIS flow indication switch 流量指示器FLT fault 故障，缺陷FS flow switch 流量开关GA gage/gauge 仪表GOV governor 调节器HI high 高HI HI high high 高高HIS human system interface 操作员系统接口I/O input/output 输入/输出I/P current to pneumatic converter 电动/气动转换器INFO information 信息，资料INSTR instrument 仪表INTLK interlock 联锁IPB intra plant bus 厂内总线KBD keyboard 键盘L/O lock out 闭锁LAB laboratory 试验室LCD 液晶显示柱LCKD locked 闭锁的，锁气的LDA 甩负荷预测LIM limit/limiter 限制/限制器LIM SW limit switch 限位开关LMP lamp 灯LMTG limiting 限制，极限的LO low 低LOG logic 逻辑LOLO low low 低低LPL lighting panel 照明盘LVDT linear voltage differential transformer 线性差动变送器LVL level 水平，电平LWR lower 更低LWRG lowering 降低M/A manual/automatic 手动/自动MA master 控制MALF malfunction 故障，失灵MAN manual 手动的MAX maximum 最大MCPNL main control panel 主控盘MCR main control room 主控室MCS modulation control system 模拟量控制系统MCS management command system 管理命令系统MDL maximum differential limit 最大偏差限制MFC many function controller 多功能控制器MFP multi function processor 多功能处理器MID middle 中间的MIN minimum 最小MIN minute 分钟MINI miniature 小型的，微型的MN main 主MODL module 模块MON monitor 监视器MPRCS microprocessor 微处理器MPX multiplex/multiplexer 多路传输MTBF 平均无故障工作时间MULT multiple 多重的，并联的N AUTO not in auto 不在自动N AVAL not available 不可用的N OFF not off 没关N ON not on 没开N OPR not in operate 不在运行中N PERM not permitted 不允许的N READ not ready 没准备好N RUN not running 没有运行N SAT not satisfled 不满足条件N TEST not in test 不在试验中N/A not applicable 不适用的NACT not active 无效的NOR not or 或非NPERM no permissives 不允许OIU operator interface unit 操作员接口单元P/E pneumatic to electrical converter 气动/电动转换器PCU process control unit 过程控制单元PCU process control unit 过程控制单元PCV process control view 过程控制图PI pulse input 脉冲量输入PLC programmable logic controller 可编程控制器PLC programmable logic controller 可编程逻辑控制器PLT pilot 副的，控制的，指示PLTN plater 台板，屏式PO pulse output 脉冲量输出PPS 电厂保护系统PRCS process 过程PROB probe 探头，传感器PROG program 程序PROLNG prolong 持续时间长PROT protection 保护PT point 值，点PTRIP protection trip 保护跳闸PU pickup 传感器RESET reset 复位RST reset 复位RSTRD restricted 限制的，禁止的RSVR reservoir 水库，储存器，滞止S/G sub group 子群组SCS sequence control system 顺序控制系统SEQ sequence 顺序SER sequence event recorder 事故顺序记录SER sequence of events recorder 事故的顺序记录SI switch input 开关量输入SIG signal 信号SIL silence 无声的SILENCE silence 消音SMPL sample 取样SO switch output 开关量输出SOE sequence of event 事故顺序SOE sequence of events 事故顺序SOL solenoid 螺线管SOV solenoid operated valve 螺线管控制门，电磁阀STOR storage 储存器，蓄电SUBR subroutine 子程序SUCC successful 成功的SUMR summer 夏天，加法器T/C thermocouple 热电偶TC trip coil 跳闸线圈TCO trip cut out 跳闸断开TEST test 试验TL test link 试验连接TRBL trouble 故障TRGR trigger 触发器TRIPD tripped 跳闸的TS thermoswitch 热电偶开关TST test 试验UNSATSF unsatisfactory 不满足条件的UNSUCC unsuccessful 失败的XDCR transducer 变送器汽轮机英语词汇TURBINE VOCABULARY A (2007-07-31 22:47:53) I Power station电站1. power station电站2. power plant电站，发电设备3. utility电力部门4.independent power producer (IPP)独立发电项目，独立发电站5.nuclear power station核电站6. thermal power station火电站7. fossil (fired) power plant化石燃料电站，常规火电站8. combined heat power (CHP) plant热电联供机组9. steam power plant蒸汽电站，蒸汽发电设备10. cogeneration power station热电联供电站11. coal fired power plant燃煤电站12. oil fired power plant燃油电站13. gas filed power plant燃气电站14. LNG power plant (liquefied natural gas)燃液化天然气电站15. BoP (balance of plant)电站辅机16. I&C (instrumentation and control)仪表和控制系统II Turbine透平，涡轮17. Turbine透平，涡轮18. steam turbine汽轮机19. gas turbine燃气轮机20. nuclear turbine核电汽轮机21. fossil turbine火电汽轮机22. industrial turbine工业透平23. cogeneration turbine热电联供透平24. condensing turbine凝汽式汽轮机25. back pressure turbine背压式汽轮机26. extraction turbine抽汽式汽轮机27. extraction condensing turbine抽汽凝汽式汽轮机28. single-extraction turbine单抽汽轮机29. double-extraction turbine双抽汽轮机30. mechanical drive turbine机械驱动汽轮机31. HP (IP, LP) turbine高（中、低）压缸32. sub-critical pressure turbine亚临界汽轮机33. super-critical pressure (SC) turbine 超临界汽轮机34. ultra-super critical (USC) pressure turbine超朝临界汽轮机35. BFPT (boiler feed pump turbine)给水泵汽轮机36. steam turbine with air-cooled condenser（air cooled steam turbine）空冷汽轮机37. reheat turbine再热汽轮机38. double-reheat turbine二次再热汽轮机39. wet steam turbine湿蒸汽汽轮机40. saturated steam turbine饱和蒸汽汽轮机41. full-speed turbine全速汽轮机42. half-speed turbine半速汽轮机43. tandem compound turbine单轴汽轮机44. cross compound turbine双轴汽轮机45. super (over)-high pressure turbine过高压汽轮机46. impulse (type) turbine冲动式汽轮机47. reaction (type) turbine反动式汽轮机48. axial flow turbine轴流透平49. radial flow turbine径流透平50. turbine with axial condenser轴向排汽汽轮机51. turbine with horizontal joint带有水平中分面的汽轮机52. turbine with vertical joint带有垂直中分面的汽轮机53. double flow turbine两排汽汽轮机54. triple flow turbine三排汽汽轮机56. single-casing turbine单缸汽轮机57. double-casing turbine双缸汽轮机58. turbine proper汽轮机本体59. oil turbine 油透平60. hydraulic turbine水轮机61. marine steam turbine船用汽轮机62. aeroderivative gas turbine航改式燃气轮机63. stationary steam turbine电站汽轮机64. auxiliary turbine辅助透平III Rotary parts回转件65. rotor转子66. rigid rotor刚性转子67. flexible rotor挠性转子68. solid (forged) rotor (monobloc rotor)整锻转子69. welded rotor焊接转子70. (hollow) drum (type) rotor鼓型转子71. built-up rotor组装转子72. rotor without center bore无中心孔转子73. HP-LP integrated rotor高/低压一体化转子74. shafting (shaft)轴系75. HP (IP, LP) rotor高（中、低）压转子76. thrust collar推力盘77. journal轴颈78. section of rotor转子区段79. (first, second ) critical speed一阶（二阶）临界转速80. extension shaft (spacer)中间轴，延伸段81. coupling联轴节82. flexible coupling挠性联轴节83. rigid coupling刚性联轴节84. semi-flexible coupling半挠性联轴节85. half coupling联轴节半部86. integral (forged) coupling整体（锻制）联轴节87. shrunk-on coupling红套联轴节88. spigot（rabbet）止口89. disk (disc) 叶轮90. rim (steeple)轮缘（枞树型叶根槽）91. hub轮毂92. body（web）轮体93. T （fir tree-type ) groove T型（枞树型）叶根槽94. balance hole (plane, weight, plug)平衡孔（平衡平面，平衡配重，平衡旋塞）95. keyway键槽96. disk of constant stress (conical profile)等强度（锥形）叶轮97. disk of constant thickness等厚度叶轮98. shrunk-on disk红套叶轮99. blade叶片100. moving (rotating, rotor) blade动叶101. bucket 动叶102. straight (tapered, twisted) blade直叶片（变截面叶片，扭曲叶片）103. last stage (last but one, penultimate) blade末级叶轮（次末级叶片）104. last (locking , gate) blade (piece)末叶片（锁紧叶片，锁紧件）105. free-stand blade自由叶片106. integral shroud blade整体围带叶轮。

土壤修复中英词汇 Prepared on 22 November 2020英汉索引Aaboveground storage tank 地上储罐acceptable risk level 可接受风险水平*aeration zone 包气带air sparging 空气注入法air stripping 空气吹脱法ambient air of contaminated site 场地环境空气aquifer 含水层aquifuge 隔水层asbestos 石棉Bbackfill soil 回填土*bioattenuation 生物衰减biological remediation 生物修复biopiles 生物堆层法bioreactor 生物反应器*bioremediation 生物修复bioslurping 生物抽除法*biosparging 生物曝气法bioventing 生物通风法BTEX 苯系物buried depth of groundwater table 地下水埋藏深度Ccancer risk 致癌风险cancer slope factor 致癌斜率因子capillary zone 毛细带capping 帽封*carcinogenic potency factor 致癌强度系数case study 案例研究chemical oxidation 化学氧化法chemical remediation 化学修复*chlorinated diphenyl 氯化联苯circulating well 循环井法cleanup 清洁治理commercial land 商业用地community involvement 公众参与composting 堆肥法*condensed nuclear hydrocarbon 稠环烃confinement 限制construction completion 施工完成阶段construction landcontainment 围堵contaminant of concern 关注污染物contaminant transport model 污染物迁移模型contaminated site archive 污染场地档案contaminated site management 污染场地管理*contaminated site register 污染场地登记contaminated site report 污染场地申报contaminated site 污染场地cost-benefit analysis 成本-效益分析critical receptor 关键受体cyanide 氰化物Ddata collection 资料收集decision support 决策支持deep soil 深层土demonstration project for site remediation 场地修复示范工程dense non-aqueous phase liquid 高密度非水相液体detailed site environmental investigation 场地环境详细调查dioxin 二恶英Eecological receptor 生态受体ecological risk assessment 场地生态风险评估ecological risk 生态风险electrokinetic separation 电动分离法encapsulation 封装enclosure 围隔engineering acceptance monitoring 工程验收监测engineering control 工程控制environmental sensitive area 敏感环境区environmental site investigation 场地环境调查established technology 成型技术excavation and disposal/treatment 挖掘-处置/处理ex-situ remediation 异位修复ex-situ thermal treatment 异位热处理法exposure assessment model 暴露评估模型exposure assessment 暴露评估exposure concentration 暴露浓度exposure dose 暴露量exposure factor 暴露参数exposure frequency 暴露频率exposure pathway 暴露途径exposure period 暴露周期exposure scenario 暴露情景exposure 暴露Ffeasibility study for remediation 修复可行性研究*fused-ring aromatic compound 稠环芳烃Ggroundwater of contaminated site 场地地下水groundwater system 地下水系统groundwater table 潜水面Hhazard identification 危害识别hazard index 危害指数hazard quotient 危害商health risk assessment 场地健康风险评估health risk 健康风险heavy metal 重金属*hydraulic conductivity 水力传导系数hydraulic gradient 水力坡度Iincineration 焚烧indoor air 室内空气industrial land 工业用地innovative technology 新型技术*in-situ air stripping 原位吹脱法in-situ remediation 原位修复in-situ soil flushing 原位土壤冲涮法in-situ thermal treatment 原位热处理法inorganic pollutant 无机污染物interview 人员访谈*intrinsic remediation 内禀修复Jjudgemental sampling 专业判断法L*land treatment 土地处理landfarming 土地耕作法landfill 填埋land-use change 土地利用方式变更land-use classification 土地利用分类land-use planning 土地利用规划lead-based paint 含铅涂料life expectancy 期望寿命lifetime exposure 终生暴露light non-aqueous phase liquid 低密度非水相液体low temperature thermal desorption 低温热解吸法*low-temperature thermal volatilization 低温热挥发Mmaintenance of remediation 修复维护multiphase extraction 多相萃取法Nnatural and socio-economic information 自然和社会经济信息natural attenuation 自然衰减non-aqueous phase liquid 非水相液体non-cancer risk 非致癌风险Oon-site residual material 场地残余废弃污染物on-site test 现场检测organic pollutant 有机污染物outdoor air 室外空气Ppeer review 专家论证perched water 上层滞水permeability coefficient 渗透系数permeable bed 透水层permeable reactive barrier 可渗透反应墙persistent organic pollutant 持久性有机污染物pesticide 农药physical remediation 物理修复phytoremediation 植物修复polluter-pays principle 污染责任人付费原则pollution plume 污染扩散区polychlorinated biphenyl 多氯联苯polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon 多环芳烃preliminary site environmental investigation 场地环境初步调查priority management site 优先管理场地Qqualitative risk assessment 定性风险评估quality assurance and quality control 质量保证和质量控制quantitative risk assessment 定量风险评估Rreceptor 受体recreational land 娱乐用地reference concentration 参考浓度*reference dose 参考剂量reference sampling site 对照采样点remedial technology 修复技术remedy construction 修复施工residential land 居住用地responsible party 污染场地责任人restriction on soil use 土地利用限制risk characterization 风险表征risk 风险S*safety factor 安全系数saturated zone 饱水带semivolatile organic compound 半挥发性有机化合物sensitive life stage 敏感生命阶段shallow soil 浅层土site activity information 场地生产活动相关记录site classification 场地分类site cleanup and remediation option 场地治理与修复方案site conception model 场地概念模型site environment 场地环境site environmental information 场地环境资料site environmental monitoring 场地环境监测site history investigation 场地历史调查site hydrogeological condition 场地水文地质条件site inspection 场地踏勘site investigation and assessment agency 场地调查评估机构site investigation monitoring 场地环境调查监测site monitoring for retrospective assessment 场地回顾性评估监测site remediation acceptance 场地修复验收site remediation monitoring 场地治理修复监测site remediation supervision 污染场地修复工程监理site risk assessment 场地风险评估site-specific parameter 场地特征参数site-use change information 场地利用变迁资料*soil bulk density 土壤容重soil density 土壤密度soil lithology 土壤岩性soil of contaminated site 场地土壤soil organic matter 土壤有机质soil pH 土壤 pHsoil porosity 土壤孔隙度soil property 土壤性质soil remediation 土壤修复*soil roasting 土壤煅焙soil screening value 土壤筛选值soil texture 土壤质地soil vapor extraction 土壤气相抽提法soil washing 土壤淋洗法soil water content 土壤含水量solidification/stabilization 固化/稳定化solvent extraction 溶剂萃取法stakeholder 利益相关方stratified sampling 分区布点法stratigraphic structure 地层结构supercritical water oxidation 超临界水氧化法surface soil 表层土surface water of contaminated site 场地地表水systematic random sampling 系统随机布点法systematic sampling 系统布点法Tthermal desorption 热解吸法*thermal stripping 热脱附thermal treatment 热处理法tiered investigation 分阶段调查total petroleum hydrocarbon 总石油烃toxicity assessment 毒性评估*treatment technology 处理技术Uuncertainty analysis 不确定性分析uncertainty factor 不确定性系数underground storage tank 地下储罐unsaturated zone 非饱水带V*vadose zone 渗流带vitrification 玻璃化作用法volatile organic compound 挥发性有机化合物Wwater table 地下水位。