大城市失落空间活化再生策略研究

高架桥下部闲置空间再利用策略研究——以韩国为例摘要：城市中的高架桥是缓解城市交通拥挤的一项策略，也是现代化道路的一项重要标志。

在目前城市用地紧张的背景下，利用好高架下部的闲置空间，可为人们创造完整丰富的生活空间，提高城市居民的生活质量。

本文通过对韩国首尔市及周边城市的高架下部再利用项目进行分析，总结出高架桥下部空间再利用应遵循的基本原则，对高架下部空间利用的设计策略进行了探讨。

关键词：城市高架桥；下部闲置空间；再利用策略[中图分类号]：TU985.18 [文献标志码]： DOI:随着城市的快速发展、快速交通系统的兴起，城市中的高架桥数量急速增加，各大城市的交通压力大大缓解，但高架下部的空间因桥下空间缺少管理和相应规范、标识指示不清的问题逐渐被人们所遗忘。

比起其他有专门规划的公共场所，高架下部空间渐渐的成为了城市中闲置空间的一类。

国内较常见的高架桥下空间应用模式诸如桥下绿化带、路面停车场等，空间利用率低、模式较为单一，而且大量的裸露混凝土，高架空间灰暗凌乱，影响城市美观。

近年来国内外对于城市内部闲置空间的再利用越发的重视，特别是高架下部闲置空间，由于数量多、再利用相对容易等特点备受人们的关注，各个国家都在对于高架下部闲置空间再利用进行着积极的尝试：如法国的“维阿杜克艺术中心”将闲置已久的高架下部改造成了一条商业街；美国的“线之下”将高架下部打造成了一个综合公园……。

本文对韩国部分已经完成的高架桥下再利用项目进行分析。

一、闲置空间1.闲置空间定义与概念闲置空间是指原有阶段性功能已经消失，而目前使用功能不彰，可以有更积极的使用方式或潜力的空间（王惠军，2001）；从空间形态上看应为废弃的空间，是多余的空间、坏掉的空间、被遗忘的空间或过渡空间等，均系现阶段功能使用不足或目前处于废弃、停滞状态。

国外的城市研究文献中也充满了对闲置土地的描述和规定，闲置空间可以是大的或者小的，有规则的或不规则形状的地块，是以前开发的或早期开发遗留下来的地块；闲置空间本身就是包含过去时间的物质空间和历史象征，它不仅仅是一个失去功能和被遗弃的空间，而是一个保存着过去的时间和记忆的共享空间。

龙源期刊网 城市消极空间及其再开发的三种途径作者：来源：《上海城市管理》2011年第05期学者刘晓惠和张越在2011年第6期《城市问题》上发表题为《城市消极空间的开发与再造》一文，提出了“消极空间”的概念，这是指与城市空间由传统向现代转变相伴而生的，在巨型街区中独自兀立的建筑以及环绕其四周的大片的、流动的、散漫的无组织的空间，包括建筑间的中介空间、道桥间的边角空间、用途不明的废弃空间、未经设计的冗余空间等空间。

作者认为消极空间是城市不同发展阶段所遗留下来的，它造成城市空间利用效率的低下，也使以城市空间为载体的社会空间消极化，并深刻地影响着城市环境的舒适性和宜人性，不同程度地损害着城市的空间品质和城市景观。

因此如何认识城市消极空间的潜力与价值，并在创造性的城市设计指导下持续地加以开发利用，就理应被纳入现代城市规划与设计之中。

作者在调查研究美国城市空间再开发与再造案例的基础上，指出消极空间再开发与再造的三种途径。

一是生活需求对消极空间的再造。

如美国的格兰岱尔市居民中相当一部分都是专业象棋玩家，因此该地一块狭长的消极空间被设计成象棋公园，设计师还在公园设计中放入了若干与象棋有关的元素，并获得2005年美国景观设计师协会的设计奖。

二是中心城区的活力再造。

美国著名的汽车城底特律，在过去的几十年里经历了经济和城市的衰退，大批中产阶级和零售商都移居郊区，但在2001年底特律市300周年庆时，市长宣布将在中心区建造一个公园，并希望其成为“世界上最好的公共空间”，这就是底特律市中心的战神广场公园。

现在表现国内战争时期老战士和水手形象的纪念雕像、再现地方历史的蚀刻壁画，将底特律的辛酸过往与当今繁华景象形成鲜明对比。

三是融入城市整体架构的小空间再开发。

如美国的华盛顿运河公园选址于城市东南角的一个地块，靠近污染的阿纳科斯河，原先充斥着垃圾。

现在的运河公园是根据GGN提出的“文化空间与生态功能嫁接”方案建造的，将场地雨洪及水景处理、空间构图、木栈道及广场等硬质景观、草地及过滤庭园和乔木冠层等五层结构的叠加，简洁而明快。

老城中心区活力塑造策略——以嘉兴子城为例
王骏;陈卉;徐杰
【期刊名称】《规划师》
【年(卷),期】2017(033)012
【摘要】老城中心区往往面临与城市现代发展需求不匹配的困境,出现功能衰退、环境品质较差和空间活力下降等问题.因此,如何在城市更新浪潮中再次焕发新的活力成为众多老城中心区亟待解决的问题.文章以嘉兴子城概念规划为例,探讨了开放性保护、空间肌理延续与创新、小尺度步行空间体验设计、多维度创新打造“心理地标”四种更新策略,以期能为老城中心区活力塑造提供借鉴.
【总页数】5页(P62-66)
【作者】王骏;陈卉;徐杰
【作者单位】同济大学建筑与城市规划学院城市规划系;同济大学建筑与城市规划学院城市规划系;东筑(上海)建筑规划设计事务所有限公司
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】TU984
【相关文献】
1.历史地段整体性保护与更新策略r——以嘉兴子城遗址公园为例 [J], 陈卉;王骏;徐杰
2.城市修补视角下的县城中心区活力塑造策略——以富顺县城为例 [J],
3.小城镇中心区公共空间活力提升策略探索——以玉龙县中心区为例 [J], 董世豪; 毛志睿; 陈歌
4.基于POI的老城区商业空间活力测度与提升策略研究——以淮南市老城区为例[J], 汪方胜;郑凯;程堂明
5.基于POI的老城区商业空间活力测度与提升策略研究——以淮南市老城区为例[J], 汪方胜;郑凯;程堂明
因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。

边缘空间“再生产”——城市边缘区生态价值的耗散机制与
捕获路径
梁晨
【期刊名称】《城市规划》
【年(卷),期】2024(48)3
【摘要】快速城市化伴随着城市边缘区的生态衰退与价值耗散。

由此引发的区位比较优势削弱限制了边缘空间的资本积累和价值创造潜力,导致存量难更新和增量不经济的双向发展困境。

本文在回溯城市边缘区生态资本化历程的基础上,构建生态价值耗散的空间表征和认知局限解释框架,最终提出城市边缘区生态价值捕获的空间规划响应策略。

研究得出:城市边缘区的生态价值耗散强化了空间要素替代,延缓了土地更新时机,并衍生了生态成本多尺度扩散;价值核算偏差、增长脱钩困局与生态管制悖论是制约城市边缘区生态价值认知的关键因素;在规划实践中,通过“时空统筹”的资源梳理、“城绿融合”的价值创造和“刚柔互补”的系统运营维护能促进城市边缘区的空间“再生产”。

【总页数】10页(P55-64)
【作者】梁晨
【作者单位】河北工业大学建筑与艺术设计学院;河北工业大学城乡更新与建筑遗产保护中心;河北工业大学河北省健康人居环境重点实验室
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】X321;TU981
【相关文献】
1.争地与空间权威运作——一个土地政策视角大城市边缘区空间形态演变机制的解释框架
2.以生态保育为约束的城市边缘区空间规划框架研究
3.城市边缘区生态休闲空间的环境艺术设计
4.乡村振兴背景下大城市边缘区传统村落山水人文空间格局活化路径研究——以秦岭南麓青坪村为例
5.城市边缘区社区空间失序风险的整合性治理路径
因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。

44城市建筑Urbanism and Architecture / 2023.06enhance the historical and cultural atmosphere of the community. Itis expected to provide appropriate design strategies for the activation and regeneration of public space in old urban communities in Xi’an, and to further improve the quality of urban development.Key words activation and regeneration; old communities; public space; Xi’an1引言西安作为一个历史名城，在近几年经济文化的发展中，老城区部分区域得到了适宜的发展和维护，但是在其中还是有小部分的老旧社区被忽视，本研究主要讨论的孟家巷社区就是一个典型的案例。

虽然碑林区多数老旧社区得到了对应的改造，但大部分改造后的老旧小区在提升中还是存在着不少人与空间的矛盾，地域特色也逐渐消失。

人们日常生活与室外公共空间的是密不可分的，社区由各种室外公共空间组成，展现了城市多样的风格和特点，因此社区室外空间活力的提升对城市也有很大的影响。

城市微更新理论认为，社区的多样发展始终离不开人和空间的和谐共融，只有使社区多方面发展改进，才有希望将丧失活力的老旧社区恢复活力。

因此，本研究在微更新这一概念下，讨论孟家巷老旧社区室外空间活力缺失的原因，以活化再生理论为中心，思考如何解决老旧社区与居民日常中的矛盾，将再生空间活力定为本研究重点。

2西安碑林区孟家巷老旧社区的概况西安孟家巷社区是西安现存老旧社区中较为典型的一摘要 城市老旧社区公共空间活化再生问题是未来城市高质量发展中亟待解决的重要问题之一。

吴秋萍WU Qiuping武汉理工大学，湖北武汉430070（Wuhan University of T echnology，430070 Wuhan Hubei）30摘要：随着社会发展的变化，城市的建设和改造正在进行着重大变革，因此也产生了不尽其数的城市“消极空间”。

面对如此庞大的基数，传统“大拆大建式”城市更新早已不适合这个时代，取而代之的是城市微更新，从“拆改留”转变为“留改拆”，对城市的消极空间激活有着重要意义。

通过梳理分析城市微更新与消极空间的理论知识，反思城市消极空间的价值，以口袋公园为例，查找其存在的问题，进而探索出符合时代发展主题及满足现下国情的激活策略。

关键词：城市微更新；城市消极空间；口袋公园；激活策略Abstract: With the change of social development, the construction and transformation of cities are undergoing signifi cant changes, thus creating an endless number of passive spaces in cities. In the face of such a huge base, the traditional demolition and construction urban renewal has long been unsuitable for this era, which should be replaced by urban micro-renewal. The change from "demolition to retention" to "retention to demolition" is of great signifi cance to the activation of passive space in cities. By analyzing the theoretical knowledge of urban micro-renewal and passive space, the paper refl ects on the value of passive urban space, taking pocket parks as an example to fi nd out related problems and then explore the activation strategy that meets the theme of the times and the current national conditions.Key words: urban micro-renewal ； passive urban space ； pocket parks ； activation strategies中图分类号：J59 文献标识码：A doi：10.3963/j.issn.2095-0705.2023.03.030收稿日期：2023-01-20作者简介：吴秋萍（1995—），女，武汉理工大学硕士研究生，研究方向为环境设计及其理论。

■既有城市建成环境的再生 / The Renovation of Existing Urban Built Environment对城市中“新废墟”现象的批判性实践—吴悦石艺术馆改造设计Critical Practice of Urban "New Ruins"：The Renovation of Wuyueshi Art Museum常可李汶翰CHANG Ke, Ll Wenhan普罗建筑中图分类号：TU242.5 文献标识码：A 摘耍通过对城市“新废墟"现象、固化的“改造审美风格”以及当下城市更新运动的一些探讨和反思，试图重新审视在改造设计项目中的“新”与“旧”的二元辩证关系。

结合对吴悦石艺术馆的设计思路剖析，通过批判性的方式对改造项目的设计策略与美学提供新的实践性思考。

关键M新废墟；改造风格；城市更新；审美；新与旧；批判性；吴悦石AbstractThrough the discussion and rethinking o f the urban **new ruins''phenomenon, solidified ’'renovation style” and the urban renewalmovement，w’e are trying to re-examine the dialectical dualism of **new”and M old" in renovation design project. Combine with the analyses of thedesign concept of Wuyueshi Art Museum, we provide a new practicalthinking of the renovation strategy through a critical point of view.Keywordsnew ruin; renovation style; urban renewal; aesthetics; new and old;critical; Wuyueshi1 “改造风格”与“城市更新”：两个“新”与“旧”二元对立意识形态下的产物作为实践建筑师，我们完成过许多的所谓“旧改”项目，比如留云草堂、中车1897展示中心、深圳优加青年公寓、通州新路文创园等。

中图分类号 TU984.14 文献标识码 B 文章编号 1003-739X （2021）10-0049-05 收稿日期 2020-05-25摘 要 随着我国文化遗产保护外延的拓展，高校旧址遗存保护与开发逐渐成为学界关注的重要议题。

该文在对四川矿业学院旧址历史沿革回顾的基础上，从地域文化特质、历史文化特质和时代建筑特色三个方面探讨了四川矿业学院旧址的遗存特征。

在综合分析四川矿业学院旧址保护与开发当前面临问题的基础上，基于历史建筑活化再生理念从产业植入与功能再生、遗存保护与文脉延续、物质更新与环境优化三个层面提出了四川矿业学院旧址活化再生对策。

关键词 教育遗存 保护与利用 活化再生 四川矿业学院旧址Abstract With the expansion of China's cultural heritage protection extension, the protection and development of the remains of colleges and universities has gradually become an important topic of concern to the academic community. Based on the review of the historical evolution of the former site of Sichuan Institute of Mining, we explore the remaining characteristics of the former site of Sichuan Institute of Mining from three aspects: regional cultural characteristics, historical cultural characteristics and era architectural styles. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the current problems facing the site protection and development of Sichuan Institute of Mining and Technology, based on the concept of historical building activation and regeneration, we propose the strategy of activation and regeneration of the old site of Sichuan Institute of Mining and Technology from three levels: industrial implantation and functional regeneration, heritage protection and cultural continuation, material renewal and environmental optimization.Keywords Education relics, Protection and utilization, Activation and regeneration, The former site of Sichuan Institute of Mining and Technology常 江 | Chang Jiang 张心伦 | Zhang Xinlun 王靖翔 | Wang Jingxiang闲置高校旧址活化再生策略研究——以四川矿业学院旧址更新为例Regeneration Strategy of the Old Sites of Idle University: Taking the Renewal of the Old Site of Sichuan Institute of Mining and Technology as an Example随着我国高等教育发展和教育资源整合，一些高校的老校区因不适应新的发展需求而面临着闲置与再利用的问题，目前对于闲置校园的处理手段可分为整体置换、租赁转让和商业化开发等方式[1]，这些手段可使其在短期内获得一定的经济收益，但对于具有一定历史文化价值潜力的历史性校园带来了校园旧址开发与保护之间的矛盾。

城市“失落地带”的活力再生创新研究摘要：城市“失落地带”是我国快速城市化过程中的产物，无论在东部沿海城市还是在中西部城市都普遍存在。

我国目前处于社会快速转型时期，这种地带在城市快速发展中的出现速度更快，矛盾也更为错综复杂。

目前国内对该类型地区的研究处于开创性阶段，对其概念、特征、现状等表面问题都有所涉及，但是对于改造思路等关键问题缺乏深入的研究，本文在学习、分析和总结国内外相关理论和研究成果的基础上，进行理论的综合提炼，从城市设计以及街区改造的角度出发，探讨了城市“失落地带”创新型活力再生的空间构成手段和操作方法，解决如何将这种区域真正融入现代城市中的问题，真正解决城市中“失落地带”的现有问题，使其成为城市发展新的增长点。

关键词：城市、失落地带、创新、活力再生中图分类号：f291.1 文献标识码：a 文章编号：快速城市化过程中，我国城市的总量、规模都发生了巨大的变化，城市空间和道路结构也随之改变。

2009统计年鉴显示，我国城市建成区面积从1990年到2008年间平均增长速度为18.7%，总量达到3.6万平方公里[ 宋桐庆/朱喜钢.失落的城市街道空间.现代城市研究[j].2011.2]。

在城市迅速膨胀扩张一片欣欣向荣的繁华下，有一些潜在的不安定要素正在慢慢滋长，这些不安定要素就是随城市扩张，那些原本不属于城市的地带渐渐被纳入城区，那里的居民、空间在短时间内还不能适应城市中的节奏及生活，在迷茫的转型期渐渐被城市遗忘，成为城市中的“失落地带”。

一、城市失落地带的产生及发展原因分析城市失落地带，是指在城市发展的过程中，未充分利用且日渐衰落废弃的地带。

它们是随城市急剧扩张，逐渐被纳入城市范围的城市村庄、城乡结合地带，是建造卫星城所形成的城市夹缝，是那些迁出城市的工厂旧址，是今天城市更新所遗留的、出于多重原因从未开发的和疏于清理的空地；它们是各个城区与自由发展的商业带之间无人问津的残余地区，以及因城市快速发展所造成的被人遗忘的空间夹缝等边缘地带。

Research on the Integration and Construction Design Strategies for "Lost Space"Shuo CuiFaculty of Humanities and ArtsMacau University of Science and TechnologyMacau, ChinaAbstract—With the rapid development of urbanization and motorized transportation, there is not only the absence of humanistic care, but also the separation of urban form during the development of some cities, and then along came the "lost space". Starting from the figure-ground theory and linkage theory, this paper analyzes the current situation of urban lost space, and then discusses the construction and design strategies for urban lost space, aiming at shaping the integrity of urban morphology, the diversity of urban vitality and the sustainable development of urban structure.Keywords—lost space; urban space; integration; constructionI.I NTRODUCTIONWith the development of economy and the acceleration of urban modernization, on the one hand, the cities are expanding to the suburbs; on the other hand, many cities are facing material aging and the decline of urban structure and function, which leads to the traffic congestion, poor living environment and more hidden dangers of social security, whilst the society is also undergoing comprehensive changes and is up against the reality of reconstruction and renewal. Lost space arises from this. How urban space can adapt to people's pursuit of high-quality life and social development needs has always been a concerning topic. The spatial form of urban space presents a trend of pluralistic development. What kind of expression should it develop to in order to accommodate the changing urban life and synchronize with the development of society has become an urgent task of contemporary urban space research.II.R ELATED C ONCEPTSWhat is lost space? What’s the different between it and positive urban space or "inherent and traditional" space? Lost space is an unorganized landscape outside the bottom floor of the middle and high-rise tower or a sunken square which is out of pedestrian activities and no one is interested in; lost space is a ground parking lot located in the city which surrounds the city center and cuts off the connection between commercial center and residential area; it is unmaintained and unused land along both sides of the freeway; lost space are also unused riverbanks, abandoned railway yards, retired military bases and former sites of factories that have been relocated to suburban areas for better transportation or perhaps for lower taxes; they are the empty lands left over by urban renewal nowadays that have never been developed and neglected to be cleaned up for many reasons; they are the unmanned remaining zone between each urban area and the freely developed commercial area; lost space is a decaying park or a public housing project that cannot be demolished and rebuilt due to the failure to achieve the intended goal.Lost space is unpleasant and anti-traditional urban space requiring redesign, which is not beneficial to the environment and users; they have no boundaries that can be defined and do not connect landscape elements in a coherent way. Yet, the existence of lost space also provides designers with an excellent opportunity to redevelop the city and to stimulate the creativity to fill those space barriers. At the same time, it is necessary to rediscover many unexplored resources in the city therefrom.III.A NALYSIS OF THE E XISTING M AJOR P ROBLEMS OFL OST S PACEIn front of today's cities, the challenge facing designers is how to create an outdoor environment with an integrated and unified structure for the upcoming development. While the designer's current work is only to repair and improve those fait accompli space, which is in poor shape and planning but actually the first space used by the public. In the general process of urban development, buildings are usually regarded as the independent objects standing in the landscape, not part of the larger spatial texture such as streets, squares or open space. The planned development model based on two-dimensional land use does not take into account the three relationships between architecture and space, nor does it really understand human behavior. The development mode decided by applying the land use planning based on the two-dimensional perspective does not include the three-dimensional relationship between architecture and space, nor does it really include the understanding of human behavior. In all these ordinary processes, urban space is rarely even considered as an external space with shape and scale attributes and associated with other space. Therefore, it is found that a formless "negative space" emerges from most of today's environmental formation process.Over the past few years, the totally changed economic, industrial and employment patterns have made the problem of lost space in urban centers more prominent, especially the barriers appeared because of expressways, railways and5th International Conference on Arts, Design and Contemporary Education (ICADCE 2019)waterfront areas have seriously damaged the overall continuity of urban form. Pedestrians are often blocked from the important destinations, and the route is often impassable and misguided. It is important to first identify the barriers in continuous space, and then fill them with the buildings that attract new investment opportunities and the open space that interconnect each other. Lost space, which is underutilized and decayed, provides us with a special opportunity to rebuild the city center and attract people back to the old city in order to prevent city’s wanton spread and suburbanization.IV.D ESIGN T HEORIES FOR I NTEGRATION OF "L OSTS PACE"A.Figure-ground Theory"Figure-ground Theory" is a study based on the proportion of land use occupied by building masses as the solids (figure) and open space as voids (ground). Every urban environment lies on the combination of building solids and spatial voids. Analyzing the figure-ground relationship in spatial design is to elaborate this relationship by increasing, reducing or changing the combinatorial spatial geometric shapes. Its purpose is to define the urban spatial structure of a city or a district by establishing spatial order. In this order, the spaces of different scales are not only enclosed independently, but also connected in order. The main "space domain" consisting of building solids and spatial voids represents the urban pattern or texture, and is marked by buildings and spaces, such as providing visual focus and main signs or open spaces of sub-centers in the region. Figure-ground Theory is a graphical tool to illustrate a mass-to-void relationship. It is a two-dimensional abstraction of the plane view for defining the structure and order of urban space.Space is the intermediary of urban experience, which provides the sequence between public, semi-public and private spheres. In order for these sequences to work, fences and continuous gullies must be minimized or completely eliminated. Spatial orientation is determined by the blocks that make up urban areas and neighborhoods. The definiteness and difference of the solids and voids constitute the texture of the city, and establish the spatial sequence and visual orientation between places. The analysis of figure-ground is particularly useful in revealing these relationships. The essence of the voids of urban space depends on the layout of the surrounding solids (buildings, architectural complex and urban blocks), the scales, and the horizontal openness between vertical elements or the surface of the horizon. The wider combination of street space forms urban areas, in which all the spaces create an urban characteristic of leading and unifying isolated spaces. The figure-ground study reveals that there are various solids-voids combinations in spaces, such as vertical/oblique composite (modified grid), random organic type (determined by terrain and natural features) and node-centered type (linear and circumferential with activity centers). Most cities are a combination of these types, with changing, enlarging or shrinking.In short, the core of Figure-ground theory is based on thecontrol and organization of urban building solids and spatial voids. When the spatial relationship between the urban solidsand the spatial voids is complete and perceptible, the urbanspatial network can play a successful role, and local areascan be included in the structure and demonstrate thecharacteristics of urban areas. If the balance between thesolids and the voids is broken, the local area becomes theseparated area and is placed outside the structure, resulting inlost space. In order to recover our lost space, people mustreconsider the building solids and evaluate the "ground"rather than worshiping the "figure". The design of buildingsolids must take into account the connection with the voidsso that buildings and spaces can coexist effectively.B.Linkage TheoryLinkage Theory involves the linear organization that connects all parts of the city, and the spatial "parameters"used to design the connection between buildings and spaceon these lines. In urban space design, the spatial force linesaffecting the site provide similar basis for design. The spatialparameters can be area boundaries, traffic flow lines, organized geo-axis or building geo-boundary lines. Together,they form a continuous connection system that must be takeninto account when attempting to change the spaceenvironment.Fumihiko Maki, in his influential book Investigation andStudy of Group Form, discussed several elements of creatingspatial connected structure. He believes that linkage is themost important feature of urban outdoor space: "Linkage isthe cohesion of the city, in order to organize various activities in the city, and then create the spatial form of the city…The concern of urban design is to establishunderstandable links between isolated things, that is, tocreate an understandable, extremely large urban integration by connecting all parts of the city.”C.Form, Space and OrderWhether urban design or architectural design, in addition to meeting the pure functional requirements of the design task book, it is also necessary to conform to human activities in in terms of material expression. The arrangement and combination of the space and form elements determine how architecture and urban space stimulate people's enthusiasm, initiate the echo, and express a certain meaning. The elements and forms of a city should be interrelated to form a comprehensive and integrated urban space system with a unified and coherent structure. When form and space are all parts of the whole city and interrelated, the urban order can be created; when the association is perceived, recognized and subordinate to the basic characteristics of the integration, the order can be more lasting. The urban order is materially embodied in the form and space of various elements of the city, including solids and voids, interior and exterior, and it produces in sensory sense the knowledge of matter through continuous experience, such as approaching and leaving, spatial sequence of movement, functional activities and even changes of color and landscape. The elements of a city or building can be decomposed into three basic elements: point,line and surface; one form can be divided into three basic shapes, such as circle, triangle and square; the other form can be combined in different forms, such as concentration, dispersion, linearity, radiation, group and grid. Form and space are the unity of opposites. Form restricts space but is also limited by space. For example, the lifting and sinking of the ground creates a more independent space. The enclosure or opening of building combination determines the privacy and openness of space. As a city or regional center, the space requires striking symbolism and formal openness, while as a landscape space, it requires the form with ornamental passage, etc. The order of urban space or architectural space should be unified and changeable.V.S TUDY ON THE C ONSTRUCTION S TRATEGIES FOR“L OST S PACE”A.Rhythm of Enclosure and OpennessRhythm of Enclosure and Openness is a design technique that brings different spatial feelings through the change of the degree of enclosure of spatial units. In plane space design, it can be embodied in the change of enclosure interface. By changing the degree of closure of interface, different types of space are created, such as the enclosed space, open space and semi-open space. Usually, public space needs more open space atmosphere and visual image, while private space needs to be relatively closed and quiet, so as to minimize the crossing of sight around urban space. In urban space design, the enclosure degree, the height-width ratio of interface and the line-of-sight range are often created. When the enclosure interface is closed, the space is separated from the surrounding environment, and when the enclosure interface is opened, the space can establish more connections with the surrounding environment. The depth-width ratio of the interface affects the visual distance and angle of the observer to a certain extent. The higher the aspect ratio, the more local perception the observer could obtain. The smaller the aspect ratio, the more holistic space the observer can enjoy. In addition, the method of designing the rhythm of enclosure and openness in three-dimensional visual space can be quantitatively analyzed and further studied by using evaluation methods such as spatial openness and sky visibility, so as to further design and control the height and dimension of three-dimensional buildings and create different rhythms of enclosure and openness to achieve diverse urban space environment.bination of Virtual and Real SpacesThe combination of virtual and real spaces is a common contrastive method in urban space design. It emphasizes the interdependency of image and background, object and non-material virtual space, and the virtual and real space, which exists and can be transformed into each other. The remarkable difference of space between virtual and real contrasts impacts people's mood and psychology through the interruption of continuity. Before the emergence of the main space and the adjacent space of the main space, the method of virtual and real contrasts is used to achieve the purpose of highlighting the main space by comparing the closed space with the open space. Before the emergence of the main space and for the space adjacent to the main space, this method of virtual-real comparison is used to highlight the main space through the comparison between the closed space and open space. The combination of virtual and real can make the urban space completer and more unified, make the arrangement of real space ingenious and the layout of virtual space appropriate, and the integration of virtual and real bears the overall aesthetic feeling. Urban space design and architecture combination require continuity and integrity of space. Whether between new buildings and new buildings, new buildings and old buildings, or buildings and streets and lanes, they should echo each other, so that the building and external space can be unified in a complete urban space environment while forming three-dimensional and multi-dimensional space-time, and each part of the urban landscape can depend on each other and foil each other with countless changes and unceasingly circulating, so as to shape the spatial landscape with “less effort but more interest in simple form but infinite artistic conception".C.Spatial SequenceSequence is the basic design method to create spatial order. The formal beauty of sequence is similar to a beautiful scroll painting. Sequence can give a certain order to the urban space or the architectural space while making the space rich in changes in the unity. The experience of changing from one space to another in a city can make people have the impression that the space is much greater. Different spatial combinations form urban spatial sequences, which provide conditions for people's different activities and psychological feelings. By changing the height of the building, concave and convex layout and the display of greening ornaments, the space on both sides of the street can be constantly changed and the space between buildings can also be infiltrated and borrowed through the decorated walls, ornamental perforated windows, corridors and so on, which can not only enrich the space contents, but also achieve the space effect of "see a world in a grain of sand". Different spatial combinations may change the rhythm of enclosure and openness of space, which constantly regul ate people’s psychology and physiology while reducing the sense of visual fatigue.VI.C ONCLUSIONTo enjoy a continuous, complete and vibrant city is the dream of everyone living in it. However, nowadays the fragmentation and heterogeneity of cities are becoming more and more serious. The destruction of urban texture cannot be avoided for many reasons. The city itself is a very complicated and dynamic developing system. There are many profound and complex reasons in the process of the generation of urban lost space. Nonetheless, in the diversified and complex urban system, how to face these problems is indeed what people should actively explore. For the urban lost space emerged in the dynamic process of urban development, to figure out how to adopt reasonable and humane methods and strategies to construct a city is of great practical significance for the integrity of our urbanform, the diversity of urban vitality and the sustainable development of urban structure.R EFERENCES[1]Spokane A R, Lombard J L, Martinez F, et al. Identifying StreetscapeFeatures Significant to Well-Being [J]. Architectural Science Review, 2007, 50(3).[2]Global Designing Cities Initiative and National Association of CityTransportation Officials. 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