五种基本句型及句子成分

句子成份英语句子成分有主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，表语，定语，状语等。

顺序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。

1、主语：表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般位于句首。

但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。

主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。

例如：Country music has become more and more popular.（名词）We often speak English in class.（代词）One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词）To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）2、谓语：谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。

可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。

1)简单谓语： We study for the people.2)复合谓语： I can speak a little English. We are reading books. He hasgone to Beijing..3、表语: 它位于系动词(比如be)之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。

My sister is a nurse.Is it yours?（代词）The weather has turned cold.（形容词）The speech is exciting.（分词）Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）His job is to teach English.（不定式）His hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词）The ruler must be in your box.（介词短语）Time is up. The class is over.（副词）The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）4、宾语: 宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后，We like English.How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词）They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）It began to rain.（不定式短语）I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）有些及物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。

第一讲句子成分和五种基本句式一、英语中句子成分句子由各个组成部分构成，这些组成部分叫做句子的成分。

句子的成分可分为主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补语等。

1、主语主语是句子的主体，是句子所要说明的人或事物，表示句子描述的是谁或什么。

主语通常由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等充当。

例：Finally, some good English study websites contribute a lot to my improvement.[名师指津]从句、不定式或动名词作主语时，为避免头重脚轻，往往用形式主语it。

（如：It is said that ……）2、谓语英语中动词一共分为四类：实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词，实义动词又分为及物动词和不及物动词。

实义动词可以单独作谓语，其他种类的动词都不能单独作谓语.例：He worked hard all day today. (实义动词作谓语)The park looks beautiful. (连系动词＋表语作谓语)You must finish the project by Friday.(情态动词＋实义动词作谓语)We have finished reading the book.(助动词＋实义动词作谓语)3、表语表语的功能是表述主语的特征、状态、身份等，位于系动词之后，与之构成系表结构。

可以用作表语的有：名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语和从句等。

例：His words sounded reasonable.(形容词作表语)She is in good health.她很健康。

(介词短语作表语)4、宾语与宾语从句（1）．宾语在句中主要充当动作的承受者，因此一般置于及物动词后，但不少介词与动词已构成固定的动词短语，所以介词的宾语亦变为动词短语的宾语。

可以用作宾语的有：名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、副词、不定式、动名词、名词化的分词、介词短语、从句等。

❖I saw him last week. ❖We heard the bad news yesterday. ❖They eat bread every day. ❖He drank a glass of milk just now.
❖ 不及物动词是后面不可以直接跟宾语的 动词: laugh / smile / look / listen / …
❖2. 位于在be动词, 系动词后面。
You look younger than before. I am a teacher. Everybody is here. My job is to teach them English. They are at home now.
系动词（必背）
❖be (am is are was were) / seem / keep /…是/好象(似乎)是/保持
*在阅读句子的时候，第一个任务就是要找到 谓语! *做谓语的动词有时态、语态和数的变化；还 有及物动词与不及物动词的区别。
基本句型1 Ｓ +Ｖ （主＋谓） 此句型的句子有一个共同特
点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达 完整的意思。
这类动词叫做不及物动词， 后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状 语从句等。
基本句型2 Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｐ （主＋系＋表）
定语
❖ 用来修饰名词或代词。定语起类似于形 容词的修饰作用，
The black bike is mine. What is your name? They made paper flowers. The boys in the room are in Class Three, Grade Two. I have something to do.
简单句的五种句型

以上两个句型可以互换： He gave me a pen.=He gave a pen to me. He will buy me some books.=he will buy some books for me. She made me a cake.=she made a cake for me. 4. “疑问词+不定式”作直宾 He taught me how to read the word. She asked me which way to go. I told him what to do. He asked me why to sing this song.
宾语补足语
在英语中，有些句子里只有宾语并不能表达
完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面加上宾语补 足语才能表达完整的意思。我们把“宾语+宾 语补足语”称为复合宾语。名词、形容词、 副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去 分词都可以做宾语补足语。通常位于宾语之 后。
If
you let me go, I will make you king. Leave the door open. We found Li Ming out when we arrived. Make yourself at home. The manager asked him to wait. I saw her enter the shopping mall. The boss kept him working all day. Yesterday he got his leg broken.

状语
状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。一般表示行
为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义， 常由副词、介词短语、不定式、句子或相当于副 词的词或短语来表示。一般放在句末，有时可以 放在句首、句中。 He did it carefully. Without his help, we couldn’t work it out. (In order) to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard. Just as I was leaving, the phone rang again.