初中定语从句讲解及练习
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1 定语从句专项讲解
提问：定语是什么？ 修饰限定名词或代词的成分被称为定语。
举例: This is a beautiful flower. （形容词作定语，置前）
This is a flower in the garden. （介词短语作定语，置后）
This is the flower which you gave to me.（定语从句作定语，置后）
先行词 关系词 定语从句
➢ 定义：在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
➢ 结构： 先行词+ 关系词+ 其他
➢ 关系词的用法:
1. 关系词的分类：1）关系代词： who, whom, which, that, whose
2）关系副词： when, where, why (作状语)
2. 关系代词在句中充当成分 3. 关系代词的详细用法
who, whom的用法
1) who在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语可省。
The girl who is in red is Lily. (作___________,不可省）
I like the person who you are talking to. (作___________,可用whom/that替换或者省略)
You are who you are. (作___________, 不可省)
2) whom在句中作宾语， 限制性从句可省，非限制性从句中不能省略
I happened to meet the professor whom I got to know at a party yesterday.(作________,可省)
I have many friends to whom I am going to send postcards. （_________后面不可省）
whose的用法
whose的先行词既可指人，也可指物。在定语从句中作定语，whose = the n. +of
which/whom
e.g. This is the scientist whose achievements are well known. (whose指人)
= This is the scientist, ____________ the achievements are well known.
e.g. I’d like a room whose window faces the sea. （whose指物）
= I’d like a room ______________ the window faces the sea.
that和which的用法
1) 限制性定语从句中，通常情况下可以互换。
that指人或物，which指物不指人，作主语或宾语，作宾语可省，主语不能。
His father works in a factory that/which makes TV sets. (作___________, 不可省) 关系代词 who whom that which whose
充当成分 主、宾（可省）、表 宾语 主、宾（可省）、表 主、宾(可省)、表 定语
先行词 人 人 人或物 物 人或物 导入
知识点梳理 温馨提示：关系代词whom在定语从句中作介词的宾语时， 常由“介词 + whom
引出，此时whom不能省略。
2 The coat _______________ I put on the desk is black. （作___________,
___________）
The room in ________ I live is very big.
= The room _________ I live in is very big.
2）只用that——“人物最不避人物”
“人物”——that既可指人，也可指物
Is this the museum that you visited the other day? (指_______,可用_______)
Jack is no longer the person that I met five years ago. （指______, 可用_______、________）
“最”——极端修饰：最高级、序数词、the only, the same, the same等
This is the best film that has been shown so far in the city. (先行词被___________修饰)
The first thing that we should do now is to find a local guide. （先行词被___________修饰）
“不”——不定代词 (all, much, little, few, something, anything, everything, nothing,
none, 等)
All the apples __that__ fell down from the tree were eaten up by the pigs.
There is not much ___________ ought to be done right now. (先行词为____________)
He did everything could help us. (先行词为____________)
(10 全国2) I refuse to accept the blame for something ____________ was someone
else’s fault.
A. which B. whose C. who D. that
“避”——避免重复 Who is the person that is standing at the school gate? （前有__________）
哪辆自行车是你弄丢的那辆？ _________ is the bike ________ you
lost?
“人物”——先行词有人也有物
Tell us about the people and the places _that are different from ours.
I’m going to talk about the countries and people that I have visited.（先行词是_____________）
3) 只用which
①在非限制性定语从句中
She lost the game, which depressed her greatly.
Tokyo, ___________ is the capital of Japan, sees great changes every day.
②在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词前。
The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop.
The pen with __________ you are writing is Jeff’s.
③如果有两个定语从句，其中前一个关系代词用that，后一个宜用which
Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to
us.
Step 1: 找出先行词，判断指人指物
Step 2: 判断定语从句中缺什么成分（主语、宾语、表语、定语）
Step 3: 选择合适的关系代词。
解题思路 注意：(先行词为物，在介词后面用which）
即学即练
3 1. This is the bag ________ my mother bought yesterday.
A. that B. who C. whom D. This
2. The man ________ lives next to us is my English teacher.
A. whom B. which C. who D. /
3. The girl ________ you saw in the street is Mary.
A. that B. whose C. which D. as
4. Is this the factory ________ a lot of students visited yesterday?
A. the one B. that C. where D. this
5. The only language ________ is easy to learn is the mother tongue.
A. which B. that C. / D. it
6. The girl handed everything ________ she had picked up in the street to the police.
A. which B. in which C. that D. all
7. Please show me the book ________ you bought yesterday.
A. which B. whom C. whose D. this
8. This is the best book ________ I have been looking for all this year.
A. who B. whom C. which D. /
