延续性动词与短暂性动词 讲解与练习

1 短暂性动词，延续性动词与现在完成时 姓名：_________

短暂性动词（终止性动词），是指动作一旦发生就很快就结束。它不能和一段时间连用。这类动词有：go, come, arrive, leave, begin, start, join, marry 等；短暂性动词的肯定式不能与表示一段时间的for或since或how long等状语连用。但是，在否定句中，短暂性动词可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。

延续性动词 是指动作发生后还可以延续一段时间或者相当长的一段时间。如：live, work, study, learn, sleep等，延续性动词可以和表示一段的时间状语连用。

值得注意的是，表示一段时间的状语除了“for+一段时间”外，还有since+n./从句（时间点），since+时间段+ago，疑问词how long ，in the past+时间段，all these+时间段，from…to（时间点）以及till/until+n./句子等等。

例如：

1.这位老人已经死了十年了。

The old man has died for ten years.（× ）（die“死”短暂性动词，不能与for+一段时间连用）

The old man has been dead for ten years/since 10 years ago.（√）

（die→be dead，die是短暂性动词，表示死的动作，这个动作很快就结束了，变成了表示状态的be dead，dead是die 的形容词，表示死了的状态，可以延续）

2.我买了这块手表五年了。

I have bought this watch for five years.（× ）（buy“买”短暂性动词，不能与for+一段时间连用）I have had this watch for five years/since 5 years ago. （√）

（buy→have，buy这个动作在付完钱已经结束了，买完后是拥有have的状态，have可以延续）

3.我离开家乡已十年了。

I have left hometown for 10 years.（×）（leave“离开”短暂性动词，不能与for+一段时间连用） I have been away from hometown for 10 years.（√）

（leave—be away，leave这个动作在走了的时候已经结束了，走了以后，是我不在这里的状态，be away表示不在，离开的状态，可以延续）

但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。

如：I haven’t bought the bike for a year.

我买这辆自行车还不到一年。

She hasn’t come here for an hour.

她来这儿还没有一个小时。

2

如果短暂性动词与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，必须将短暂性动词改为延续性动词。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：

buy / get →have, borrow → keep，have

die →be dead finish →be over,

Close→ be closed leave →be away （from）

open →be open marry→be married

fall asleep → be asleep fall (get) ill→be ill

go out →be out get up→ be up

put on →wear/be on Move to→live in

come/go/become →be go to school→be in school/be a student

begin/start →be on begin to study→study

Get to know→ know wake/wake up →be awake

Lose/die/sell/leave→ be gone catch/get a cold →have a cold

join /take part in →be in/be a member of come/arrive/reach/get to→be in

return to/come back to/go back to→be back(to)

come(arrive,reach,get) here/go (arrive,reach,get) there→be here (there)

练习：

一、找出下列句子中的短暂性动词和对应句子中的延续性动词。

例：He died 10 years ago. / He has been dead for 10 years. die→be dead

1. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. /He has kept the book for 2 weeks._____→______

2.He bought the bike a month ago. /He has had the bike for a month. _______→______

3.He arrived here last year./He has been here since last year. ________→_______

4. They turned on the light 2 hours ago. /The light has been on for 2 hours.

______→_______

5. He left here 2 years ago. /He has been away from here for 2 years. _______→_______

6. The film began 30 minutes ago. /The film has been on for 30 minutes.______→______

7.They opened the door an hour ago. /The door has been open for an hour.

_______→______

8.They closed the door an hour ago. /The door has been closed for an hour.

______→______二、选择题。

( )1.Her grandfather ______ for two years.

A. died B. has died C. has been dead D. has been died

( )2.It's six weeks ______ I met you last. A. when B. since C. before D. For

( )3.His father __ the Party since 1978 .A.joined B. has joined C.was in .D.has been in

( )4.—Do you know him well ?— Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago . 3 Ａ. were Ｂ. have been Ｃ. have become Ｄ. have made

( )5.Hurry up! The play ____ for ten minutes .

Ａ. has begun Ｂ. had begun Ｃ. has been on Ｄ. Began

( )6.It _____ ten years since he left the army. Ａ. is Ｂ. has Ｃ. will Ｄ. Was

( )7.His uncle____for more than 9 years.

A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the city

( )8.—How long has Robert _____? —Since 2004. A. been in Beijing

B. become a policeman C. joined the art club D. studied in this school

( )9.His father____the Party since 1978.

A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in

( )10.-How long have you ____ the library book ?-For about two weeks .

A. borrow B. borrowed C. are borrowing D. kept

( )11.-How long has he_______ this car? -For two years.

A. buy B. bought C. had D. buys

( )12.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus ________ for 20 minutes.