micro heatpipe in brief - English version

pipe的用法总结大全_pipe用法pipe的用法总结大全pipe的意思n. 管子,烟斗,管乐器,(管风琴的)音管vt. 以管输送,用管乐器演奏,尖声唱vi. 吹奏管乐器,尖叫,尖声地说(或唱)，尖声啼鸣,[航海] 吹长哨变形：过去式: piped; 现在分词：piping; 过去分词：piped;pipe用法pipe可以用作名词pipe的基本意思是“管子,管道”,引申可表示“烟斗,一烟斗的烟丝”“管乐器,音管”“水手长吹的哨子(声)”“鸟鸣,鸟鸣声”“大酒桶,一大酒桶的量”等,是可数名词。

pipe作“风笛”解时,常用复数形式。

pipe用作动词意思是“用管子输送,为。

装管子”。

引申可作“用笛子吹奏; 鸣啭,唱”“传送”“吹哨子下令(表示欢迎)”“绲边,镶花边”等解。

pipe用作名词的用法例句Water is spouting out of the pipe.水正从管子里喷出来。

The workers are laying pipes under the road.工人们正在道路下面铺设管道。

The plumber went down to the cellar to fix the leakypipe.管道工到地下室去修漏水的管子。

pipe可以用作动词pipe用作动词意思是“用管子输送,为。

装管子”。

引申可作“用笛子吹奏; 鸣啭,唱”“传送”“吹哨子下令(表示欢迎)”“绲边,镶花边”等解。

pipe可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。

用作及物动词时接名词或代词作宾语。

pipe后接副词down表示“住嘴,停止往下谈”; 后接副词up表示“开始吹奏”“开始说”。

pipe用作动词的用法例句The people in the village used to pipe water .这个村子里的人过去常以管道输送水。

He would pipe away on his flute all day and night.他可以整天整夜地吹奏长笛。

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The In-ternational Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technol-ogy, 2022, 120(9/10): 6463-6480.[25] SELLARS C M, MCTEGART W J. On the Mechanism ofHot Deformation[J]. Acta Metallurgica, 1966, 14(9): 1136-1138.[26] DONATI L, TOMESANI L. The Effect of Die Design onthe Production and Seam Weld Quality of Extruded Alu-minum Profiles[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology, 2005, 164/165: 1025-1031.责任编辑：蒋红晨精 密 成 形 工 程第15卷 第7期20 JOURNAL OF NETSHAPE FORMING ENGINEERING2023年7月收稿日期：2023–05–29 Received ：2023-05-29基金项目：山东省重点研发项目（2021CXGC010206）Fund ：Key R&D Project of Shandong Province(2021CXGC010206) 作者简介：王硕（1997—），男，硕士生，主要研究方向为超声微锻造辅助增材制造。

ThermingDissipine散热新材——HeatPipe热管智能手机性能不断提升的今天，除续航这一老大难问题以外，散热也是经常困扰厂家和用户的一个大问题，现在智能手机上传统的散热设计已经不能用户的需求了。

日本古河电工(Furukawa Electric)、台湾超众科技(Chaun-Choung Technology)、Auras以及泰硕电子(TaiSol Electronics)、科思博科技(CASPAR Technology)，这几家公司在未来的几个月内可能将收获大量的订单，因为传闻苹果、三星和HTC，都计划在新一代的智能手机当中，使用超薄热管技术加强散热；而科思博科技(CASPAR Technology)在VR头盔领域的散热技术更是受到设计师的强烈欢迎。

高性能微电子芯片及应用系统的微型化和高集成化，导致散热空间狭小及高热流密度问题，使得采用铝或铜材料的常规空气强制对流散热方式已难以满足今后进一步发展要求。

热管是利用相变传热的微热管具有极高导热率、体积小、重量轻、具有良好的等温性、无需额外电力驱动等优点。

极大提高了芯片至环境间的热传导速率，实现芯片发热量的快速散失。

热管广泛应用于计算机笔记本CPU散热器、投影仪、数码产品、变频器、大功率LED路灯及LED汽车前大灯、大功率IC等微电子和光电领域。

可为航空航天、石油化工、医疗保健（便携设备、深冷治疗、放射治疗等）、节能新能源（太阳能、余热回收）等多个领域提供热控制解决方案，克服高能耗，高集成度产品开发过程中遇到的热瓶颈问题。

•随着手机、平板的硬件越来越强大，不可避免地造成功耗与热量随之攀升，更高效的散热手段就必不可少了，超薄热管正式顺应这种趋势而产生的。

•目前，日本和台湾的多家散热厂商都已经做好了量产0.6毫米超薄热管的准备，而且并不满足，准备在此基础上继续缩减25％，也就是做到仅仅0.45毫米（已有公司可以做到0.2mm极致厚度的产品，但不具量产性）。

空调系统英语对照（Air conditioning system in English）房间空调器 room air conditioner单元式空调机 unitary air conditioner窗式空调机 window type air conditioner分体式空调器 split type air conditioner室内机 indoor unit室外机 outdoor unit蒸发器 evaporator冷凝器 condenser毛细管 capillary tube压缩机 compressor往复式压缩机 reciprocating compressor(回转) 转子式压缩机 rotary compressor涡旋式压缩机 scroll compressor气缸 cylinder吸气阀 suction valve排气阀 discharge valve理论排量 theoretical displacement实除排量 actual displacement热交换器 heat exchangeru形管 u shape tube吊顶式 ceiling suspended吸顶式 cassettes ceiling (ceiling concealed) 壁挂式 wall mounted落地式 floor standing光管 plain copper pipe内螺纹管 inner groove copper pipe翅片管 finned tube四通换向阀 four way reversing valve单向阀 check valve轴流风机 axial flow fan (propeller fan)离心风机 centrifugal fan (sirocco fan)贯流风机 cross flow fan (1inefrow fan)截止阀 cut-off valve (ball valve)过滤器 strainer底盘 (底板) chassis (lower panel)安装板 installation sheet前 (后) 面板 front (rear) panel侧板 side plate (side panel)边板 than plate (panel)风扇电机 fan engine电机支架 engine support中间隔板 mid.isolation sheet (separated support plate) 网罩 protection grill nets扫风电机 swing engine (louver engine)步进电机 step motor (habit) engine进风格栅 air intake grill步进电机座 habit crank继电器引线 relay lead电器安装板 electrical supporting plate 盖板 cover plate (top plate)电容 capacitor电容夹 capacitor clamp胶圈 o - gasket管路系统 tubing system排气管 discharge pipe吸气管 suction pipe电气原理图 electrical principle diagram 电气接线图 electrical wring diagram线路图 circuit diagram保温管 thermal insulation pipe连接管堵头 connection pipe cap电器安装盒电气箱汽液分离器液气分离器接线板接线端子交流接触器交流接触器贮液器储液器波纹软管波纹管四芯（六芯）4控制线信号电缆（6）芯电热管加热元件扫风叶片支架百叶窗的支持左右端盖边箱（L，R）电源线电源线控制器控制器红外遥控器远程控制器继电器继电器主令开关主开关温控器恒温器螺钉螺钉螺栓螺栓螺母螺母垫圈垫片排水管排水管油分离器油分离器插片镶块插孔插入螺栓电机保护器电机保护器保险丝保险丝PTC发热元件PTC电加热器变压器变压器控制面膜控制面板脚轮蓖麻固定螺丝固定螺丝底板底板水位开关水位开关触摸开关触摸开关热断路热断路器限温器温度限制器电脑芯片IC集成电路集成电路可控硅可控硅蜂鸣器蜂鸣器插座插座插头插头过滤网空气过滤器过滤栅过滤格栅蜗壳螺旋桨住房水箱水箱水箱盖油箱盖上隔板内上盖下隔板下内罩上卡板顶盖下卡板底盖扫风叶片摆动百叶窗支撑条支撑杆导风叶片下百叶窗出风格栅前格栅出水管排水管出水槽出口水模具模具灯箱灯箱机壳体感温包temp.sensor 电磁阀电磁阀电磁线圈电磁线圈压缩机过载保护热保护器高压保护高压开关低压保护低压开关吊顶机风扇蜗壳套管集水盘排水盘安装螺钉盖螺旋盖（螺旋盖）壁挂机安装板壁架电机固定件电机支架电机固定圈橡胶支座风叶护网风扇罩室内电机风扇电机（IU）室外电机风扇电机（欧）四通阀四通阀步进/同步电机百叶窗电机电源互联线互联线（电源）信号线互联线（信号）拨动开关摆动开关电机电容风扇电机运行电容器（IU）压机电容压缩机运行电容器电机保护器风扇电机热保护压机保护器保护压缩机变压器保险管热连接在变压器电抗器反应堆电源模块IPM整流桥整流桥光藕光耦控制器保险管融合控制器压敏电阻压敏电阻电机继电器接力风机马达压机继电器继电器压缩机滤波电容X2 X2电容滤波器电容Y2 Y2电容器温度计温度计水银温度计水银温度计电阻温度计电阻温度计热敏电阻热敏电阻热电偶热电偶热电偶温度计热电偶温度计量热计量热计表压表压绝对压力绝对压力压力计压力表真空真空真空计真空计真空压力计复合表干球温度计干球温度计温球温度计湿球温度计湿度计湿度计干湿球温度计干湿球温度计流量计流量计喷嘴流量喷嘴质量流量计质量流量计温度传感器温度传感器湿度传感器湿度传感器风速仪风速计机械风速仪机械风速仪数字风速仪数字风速仪热线风速仪热线风速仪声级计声级计工具工具测量放大器测量放大器电容传声器电容话筒绝缘电阻表绝缘电阻表耐压测试仪可靠性高电压表接地电阻接地电阻测试台测试站泄漏电流测试装置泄漏电流测试设备直流电阻电桥电桥直流电阻炎炎灼热丝试验装置测试设备用废漏电起痕试验装置漏电流测试设备球压装置球压装置热平衡室或平衡热平衡环境型房间量热计焓差室湿空气焓差法或量热计测量不确定度测量不确定度扩口器管出口膨胀弯管器弯管机卤素检漏仪卤素检漏仪电子检漏仪电子检漏仪板子扳手冲击钻电动旋转锤风机盘管风机盘管阿虎：空气处理单元（空气处理机）空气处理机组故障：新风处理单元新风机组供热通风与空气调节暖通：暖通空调DCC：干盘管（干式盘管）干盘管FFU风机过滤单元：风机过滤单元茅：新风空调箱新风机组计划洁净空调系统中外气空调箱跨栏，完全是新风的空调箱阿虎：空气处理单元空气单元一般型空调箱跨栏高效：高效颗粒空气高效空气过滤器RAC：循环组合空调单元再循环空气柜单元计划C / R：洁净室无尘室清洁房间ULPA超低穿透空气过滤器：超高空气效过滤器如：风淋室空气簇射铅：传递箱传递箱答：净化工作台洁净工作台采访：泄压风门救济阻尼器CH.：制冷机CD：冷凝水管C.T.：冷却塔CAV：新风量控制箱电炉：排风机EAD：排风管EAG：排风口EAL：排风百叶FAG：新风口FAL：新风百叶前言：补风机空服员：新风时尚：新风管：防火阀F.D.慧聪网：加热盘管FP：风机盘管胡：热交换器n.r.d.：风管止回阀解析：经过处理的新风PDA：新风管（经过处理的新风）保罗：新风机（带处理功能）朋友：新风百叶R.A.：回风拉德：回风管抹布：回风口制冷剂形容词.制冷的制冷剂空气源热泵（ASHP）airsourceheatpump。

1 DX 1 SX2 DX 2 SX 9 DX9 SX 11 DX 11 SX12 DX12 SX 23 DX23 SXTABLE POS.CODE ITALIAN ENGLISH FRANÇAIS DEUTSCH FORNI TAV. 7051RTFOC00738CERN.INF.P.F.SX FCV2INGE PIN INFER.LEFT CHARNIÈRE INFÉRIEUR GAUCHE PORTE DU FOUR TÜRANGEL UNTENLINKS FORNI TAV. 7052GAFOC00227*AS.PORTA F.DX FCV2/1OVEN DOOR RIGHT PORTE DU FOUR DROITE OFENTÜR RECHTSFORNI TAV. 7053MPGOM03P00PROF.G.VETRO P.F.CV.GASKET GLASS GARNITURE VERRE GLASDICHTUNGFORNI TAV. 7054RTFOC00360*MANIGLIA F.FCV.TURCHESE HANDLE POIGNÈE HANDGRIFFFORNI TAV. 7055RTFOC00401*BASETTA MANIGLIA FCV.TURCHESE HANDLE EPAISSEUR POIGNÉE HANDGRIFFFORNI TAV. 7056RTFOC00338ANELLO EST.MAN.P.F.FCV.OUTWARD RING OVEN DOOR HANDLE ANNEAU EXT. POIGNÉE PORTE DU FOUR HANDGRIFFFORNI TAV. 7057RTFOC00337ANELLO INT.GRADINO MAN.P.F.FCV INNER RING ANNEAU INTERIEUR EPAISSEUR INNENRINGFORNI TAV. 7058RTFOC00471*CRISTALLO P.F.FEC100 C/VALV.GLASS CHAMBER VERRE CHAUFFE GLAS KAMMERFORNI TAV. 7059GAFOC00229*AS.C/PORTA F.DX FCV2/1C/OVEN DOOR RIGHT C/PORTE DU FOUR DROITE C/OFENTÜR RECHTSFORNI TAV. 70510RTFOC00722GUARNIZ.P.F.FEC100 GIUNTATA GASKET FACE GARNITURE DEVANTURE DICHTUNG OFENVORDERWAND FORNI TAV. 70511GRFOC00215GR.P.F.SX FCV2/1 SPIG.UNIT OVEN DOOR LEFT GROUPE PORTE DU FOUR GAUCHE GRUPPE OFENTÜR LINKS FORNI TAV. 70512GAFOC00253AS.CASSETTO DX TRAY RIGHT BASSIN DROITE SCHUBLADE RECHTSFORNI TAV. 70513GAFOC00222AS.CRUSCOTTO DASH BOARD PANNEAU DE CONTRÔLE STIRNBRETTFORNI TAV. 70514RTFOC00556PIEDINO+T.FGC200/185 1"1/2FOOT PIED FUSSFORNI TAV. 70515PAFOC00284FIANCO FEC200SIDEPANEL RIGHT-LEFT CÔTÉ DROITE-GAUCHE SEITENTEIL RECHTS-LINKES FORNI TAV. 70516GAFOC00119AS.CONV.CALORE FEM69HEAT CONVEYOR CONVOYEUR CHALEUR WÄRMEFÖRDERERFORNI TAV. 70517RTFOC00254VENT.CALORE FEM109HEATFAN VENTILATEUR CHALEUR WÄRMEVENTILATORFORNI TAV. 70518PAFOC00283POSTERIORE INOX FEC200POSTERIOUR ARRIÈRE HINTENFORNI TAV. 70519GAFOC00145AS.COPERCHIO COVER EXT.COUVERCLE EXT.ABDECKUNGFORNI TAV. 70520RTFOC00349CAMINO SUP.FGM200SUPERIOR CHIMNEY CHEMINÉE SUPÉRIEURE OBERSCHORNSTEINFORNI TAV. 70521PAFOC00641PAN.EST.FEC200/1EXTERNAL PANEL PANNEAU EXTÉRIEURÄUSSERE TAFELFORNI TAV. 70522AFC0000930CAMINO ANTIVENTO CHIMNEY CHEMINÉE ANTIVENT KAMIN WINDSCHUTZFORNI TAV. 70523GAFOC00255*AS.CERN.SUP.DX P.F.FCV2INGE PIN SUPER.RIGHT CHARNIÈRE SUPÉRIEURE DROITE TÜRANGEL OBEN RECHTS FORNI TAV. 70524RTFOC00009GANCIO FISSO SER.P.FCV.010218HOOK CROCHET HAKENFORNI TAV. 70525RTFOC00005ZOCCOLO EST.SER.P.FCV.020945OUTWARD BASE GODET EXTÉRIEUR SOCKEL AUSSENFORNI TAV. 70526GAFOC00051AS.SERRATURA P.F.FEC100LOCK SERRURE SCHLOSSFORNI TAV. 70527RTFOC00057ZOCCOLO CENT.SER.P.FCV.020944CENTRAL BASE GODET CENTRAL SOCKEL ZENTRALFORNI TAV. 70528GAFOC00027AS.C/FORO CASS.FCV/1PLUG COUVRE TROU LOCHABDECKUNGSPFROPFEN FORNI TAV. 70529RTFOC00035MICROINT.FCV. NR 6K5MICRO OVEN DOOR MICRO-INTERRUPTEUR PORTE DU FOUR MIKRO OFENTÜRFORNI TAV. 70530RTFOC00382CORNICE FIS.VETRO P/LAMP.FCV MOULDING P/LAMP CADRE DU PORTELAMPE UMRAHMUNG P/LAMPEFORNI TAV. 70531RTFOC00202*GUARNIZ.P/LAMPADA FCV.GASKET P/LAMP GARNITURE DU PORTELAMPE DICHTUNG P/LAMPEFORNI TAV. 70532RTFOC00201VETRO P/LAMPADA FCV.GLASS P/LAMP VERRE DU PORTELAMPE GLAS P/LAMPEFORNI TAV. 70533RTFOC00036P/LAMPADA FCV.77222U10223DOOR LAMP PORTELAMPE PORTA LAMPEFORNI TAV. 70534RTFOC00037LAMP.FCV.25W230V MP LAMPE LAMPEFORNI TAV. 70535RTFOC00197MOTORID.SCA.FEM69 CRU82524421MOTOR DÉMARREUR MOTORTABLE POS.CODE ITALIAN ENGLISH FRANÇAIS DEUTSCH FORNI TAV. 70536RTFOC00192ALBERO SCA.COND.FEM69SHAFT ARBRE WELLEFORNI TAV. 70537RTFOC00198MICROINT.SC.COND.FEM69 NR1 K5MICROSWITCH MICRO-INTERRUPTEUR MIKROSCHALTERFORNI TAV. 70538RTFOC00553ASTA TRAS.SCA.COND.ROD TRANSVERS.BARRE TRANSVERSAL STABFORNI TAV. 70539PAFOC00680DISCO INF.SCARICO COND.FEMD100DISC INFER. OUTLET DISQUE INFÉRIEUR DÉCHARGÉSCHEIBE UNTEN AUSGANGTABLE POS.CODE ITALIAN ENGLISH FRANÇAIS DEUTSCH FORNI TAV. 7061RTFOC00549*MASCHER.CRUS.FEM109/1COVER FRONT.MASQUE FRONTAL ABDECKUNGFRONT.FORNI TAV. 7062RTFOC00546*SCHEDA ANDI FEM69/1SCHEME DISPLAY CARTE DISPLAY SCHALTPLAN DISPLAY FORNI TAV. 7063RTFOC00231T.L.FGM101/T300 5510552804THERMOSTAT LIMIT BOILER THERMOSTAT LIMITATEUR BOILER THERMOSTAT BOILER FORNI TAV. 7064RTFOC00483T.L.FCV/1T350 5510562800THERMOSTAT LIMIT. OVEN THERMOSTAT LIMITATEUR LIMIT THERMOSTATFORNI TAV. 7065RTFOC00321T/COPPIA 52 FCV.MBM00001THERMOELEMENT THERMOCOUPLE THERMOELEMENTFORNI TAV. 7066RTFOC00305*CENTRALINA AC.FGM109 20653005ELECTRIC BOARD DISTRIBUTEUR ALLUMAGE SCHALTKASTENFORNI TAV. 7067RTFOC00464*SONDA C/CM.42 FCVM MBM00007PROBE SONDE SONDEFORNI TAV. 7068RTFOC00547*SCHEDA POTENZA FGM109 V.2002POWER SCHEME CARTE DE PUISSANCE SCHALTPLAN POTENZ FORNI TAV. 7069RTFOC00144RELAIS FCVM.BOYLER 60638230000RELAY RELAIS RELAISFORNI TAV. 70610RTFOC00048P/FUSIBILE+PIAS.FCV.SFR4+SFRPT FUSE HOLDER PORTE-FUSIBLES SICHERUNGSHALTER FORNI TAV. 70611RTFOC00053CONDENSATORE FCV 16152220MF450CONDENS. MOTOR CONDENSATEUR CONDENS. MOTORFORNI TAV. 70612RTFOC00465*VEDI RTFOC00786RELAY RELAIS RELAISFORNI TAV. 70613RTFOC00468*CONTATTI A.FCV.3TX4010-2A AUXILIARY CONTACT AUXILIARIE CONTACT HILFSANSCHLÜSSEFORNI TAV. 70614RTFOC00469*CONTATTI A.FCV.3TX4001-2A AUXILIARY CONTACT AUXILIARIE CONTACT HILFSANSCHLÜSSEFORNI TAV. 70615RTFOC00023A/DISTURBO FCV.F43LN3100ZF00K ANTIJAMMING FILTER ANTI-PERTURBATION FILTER A/STÖRUNGFORNI TAV. 70616RTFOC00309A/DISTURBO FGC060 411512430ANTIJAMMING FILTER ANTI-PERTURBATION FILTER A/STÖRUNGFORNI TAV. 70617RTFOC00575FUSIBILE FCV.5X20/3,15A FUSIBLE 3,15 A FUSIBLE 3,15 A SICHERUNG 3,15 AFORNI TAV. 70618RTFOC00284FUSIBILE FCV.5X20/6,3A FUSIBLE 8 A FUSIBLE 8 A SICHERUNG 8 AFORNI TAV. 70619RTBF900045MORSETTIERA 12M-PA220TV SIMB/1-6+1-6TERMINAL BLOCK 6 POLES GROUPE DE CONNECTION 6 POLES KLEMMBRETT 6 POLIG FORNI TAV. 70620GAFOC00119AS.CONV.CALORE FEM69HEAT CONVEYOR CONVOYEUR CHALEUR WÄRMEFÖRDERERFORNI TAV. 70621RTFOC00254VENT.CALORE FEM109HEATFAN VENTILATEUR CHALEUR WÄRMEVENTILATOR9 9TABLE POS.CODE ITALIAN ENGLISH FRANÇAIS DEUTSCHFORNI TAV. 6801PAFOC00342CONV.ARIA FGC200AIR CONVEYOR CONVOYEUR AIR LUFTFÖRDERERFORNI TAV. 6802RTFOC00313TU.UMIDIFICATORE EST.FEC200HUMIDIFIER HUMIDIFICATEUR BEFEUCHTERFORNI TAV. 6803RTFOC00156NEBULIZZATORE FGC200DISTRIBUTOR NÉBULISATEUR ZERSTÄUBERFORNI TAV. 6804RTFOC00314GIRANTE VENT.FEC200 D.350IMPELLER 50HZ MOBILE 50HZ LAUFRAD 50HZFORNI TAV. 6805RTFOC00118V.FIS.GIRANTE FCV.M8X31,5/SX FIXINGSCREW IMPELLER VITE FISSAGGIO GIRANTE BEFESATIGUNGSSCHRAUBE LAUFRAD FORNI TAV. 6806RTFOC00323GRIGLIA PROT.VENT.FCV20G.INOX GRILL IMPELLER PROTECTION GRILLE DE PROTECTION SCHUTZGITTERSCHORNSTEINFORNI TAV. 6807RTFOC00332BRUC.FGC200 103189310BURNER CHAMBER BRÛLEUR CHAMBRE DE COMBUSTION BRENNER KAMMERFORNI TAV. 6808RTFOC00334AT.RAPIDO K1610/TA16/C16X CONNECTION ATTAQUE RAPIDE SCHNELLANSCHLUSSFORNI TAV. 6809RTBF800333INIET.1/4"D.2.00 L INJECTORGPL 29-37MBAR 200L INJECTEURGPL 29-37MBAR 200L EINSPRITZERGPL 29-37MBAR 200LFORNI TAV. 68010RTFOC00326AS.SUP.INIET.F.FGC200 ZINC.SUPPORT INJECTOR SUPPORT INJECTEUR HALTERUNG EINSPRITZERFORNI TAV. 68011RTCP900034GOMITO FE.MF.1/2"ZINC.ELBOW M-FG 1/2"COURBE M-FG 1/2"KNIESTÜCK 1/2"FORNI TAV. 68012RTCP900087NIPLES CP OT/M/1/2"XM20/D.14NIPLES 1/2" X M20NIPLES 1/2" X M20NIPPEL 1/2" X M20FORNI TAV. 68013RTCP900088BICONO D.14 CP DOUBLE CONE BICONE DOPPELKONUSFORNI TAV. 68014RTCP900089CALOTTA OT.D.14 CP NUT ECROU MUTTERFORNI TAV. 68015RTFOC00331TU.AL.BRUC.FGC200BURNER CHAMBER PIPE TUYAU D´ALIMENTATION DU BRÛLEUR ROHR KAMMERFORNI TAV. 68016RTFOC00350AS.RAMPA FGM100 ZINC.RAMP GAS RAMPE DU GAZ RAMPE GASFORNI TAV. 68017RTFOC00100GUARNIZ.AS.RAMPA FGC060GASKET RAMP GARNITURE RAMPE DICHTUNG RAMPEFORNI TAV. 68019RTFOC00066MOTORE VENT.FEC100M8035E31761MOTOR MOTEUR MOTORFORNI TAV. 68020RTFOC00310TU.AL.ACQ.UMIDIF.FEC200PIPE HUMIDIFIER TUBE HUMIDIFICATEUR ROHR BEFEUCHTERFORNI TAV. 68021RTFOC00203E/VALVOLA FCV.2V.RAE208230V ELECTRIC VALVE SOUPAPE ELEKTROVENTILFORNI TAV. 68022RTFOC00145REGOLAT.E/VALV.FCV.BIANCO/1,2BOILER FLOW REGULATOR 1,2 L/MIN (\WHITE)REGULATEUR DE PORTÉE BOILER 1,2 L/M (BLANC)DURCHFLUSSREGLER BOILER 1,2 L/M (BIRNE) FORNI TAV. 68023RTFOC00120REGOLAT.E/VALV.FCV.ROSSO/0,25FLOWREGULATOR REGULATEUR DE PORTÉE DURCHSTRÖMUNGSREGLERFORNI TAV. 68024RTFOC00557INIET.UMIDIF.FCV D.1.5INJECTOR HUMIDIFIER INJECTEUR HUMIDIFICATEUR EINSPRITZER BEFEUCHTERFORNI TAV. 68025RTCU900018BICONO D.6 PEL0905BICONE FOR PIPE Ø 6BICONE POUR TUBE Ø 6ZWEIKEGEL Ø 6FORNI TAV. 68026RTFOC00020CALOTTA UMIDIF.FCV.NUT ECROU MUTTERFORNI TAV. 68027RTFOC00621RAMPA SC.COND.FGM200/1RAMP SC.COND.RAMPE DE DÉCHARGEMENT CONDENSE RAMPEFORNI TAV. 68028RTFOC00529INIET.AB.VAP.10G 1/8GGA-4.3W INIETT. VAPOUR INJECTEUR DÉTACHEMENT VAPEUR EINSPRITZER DAMPFFORNI TAV. 68029PAFOC00368CAND.RIL.BRU.FGM202/111 15406SPARK PLUG DI RILEVAZ.ELECTRODE DÉTECTION ZÜNDKERZEFORNI TAV. 68030RTFOC00022E/VALVOLA FCV.1V.RAE207038ELECTRIC VALVE SOUPAPE ELEKTROVENTILFORNI TAV. 68031RTFOC00702TU.AB.VAPORI FCV2PIPE STEAM TUYAU DÉTACHEMENT VAPEUR ROHR DAMPFFORNI TAV. 68032PAFOC00367CAND.ACC.BRU.F.FGM202/89 15401SPARK PLUG ELECTRODE ZÜNDKERZEFORNI TAV. 68033RTFOC00383GABBIA P/TEGLIE+MANIGL.FEP160CAGE PASTRY CAGE PÂTISSERIE KÄFIG GEBÄCKFORNI TAV. 68034RTFOC00285GRIGLIA F.FCVP/16G CROM.GRILL PASTRY GRILLE PÂTISSERIE GRILL GEBÄCKFORNI TAV. 68035RTFOC00318GABBIA P/TEGLIE+MANIG.FCV/20GN CAGE GN 2/1CAGE GN 2/1KÄFIG GN 2/1FORNI TAV. 68036RTFOC00287GRIGLIA F.FCV.2/1 INOX GRILL OVEN GN 2/1GRILLE DU FOUR GN 2/1GRILL HERD GN 2/1TABLE POS.CODE ITALIAN ENGLISH FRANÇAIS DEUTSCH FORNI TAV. 68037GAFOC00133AS.GUIDA P/GABBIA SX LEFT GUIDE GUIDE GAUCHE FHRUNG LINKSFORNI TAV. 68038GAFOC00131AS.GUIDA P/GABBIA DX RIGHT GUIDE GUIDE DROITE FHRUNG RECHTSFORNI TAV. 68039RTFOC00316DISTANZ.GUIDA P/GABBIA FEC200SPACER ENTRTOISE DISTANZSTÜCKTABLE POS.CODE ITALIAN ENGLISH FRANÇAIS DEUTSCHFORNI TAV. 6811RTFOC00347BOYLER G.FGM200BOILER BOILER BOILERFORNI TAV. 6812RTFOC00186DADO 3/4"ES.INOX FCVM NUT 3/4"ECROU3/4"MUTTER 3/4"FORNI TAV. 6813GAFOC00147AS.CAMINO BOYLER CHIMNEY BOILER CHEMINÉE BOILER KAMIN BOILERFORNI TAV. 6814RTFOC00120REGOLAT.E/VALV.FCV.ROSSO/0,25FLOWREGULATOR REGULATEUR DE PORTÉE DURCHSTRÖMUNGSREGLERFORNI TAV. 6815RTFOC00203E/VALVOLA FCV.2V.RAE208230V ELECTRIC VALVE SOUPAPE ELEKTROVENTILFORNI TAV. 6816RTFOC00145REGOLAT.E/VALV.FCV.BIANCO/1,2BOILER FLOW REGULATOR 1,2 L/MIN (\WHITE)REGULATEUR DE PORTÉE BOILER 1,2 L/M (BLANC)DURCHFLUSSREGLER BOILER 1,2 L/M (BIRNE) FORNI TAV. 6817RTFOC00355TU.AL.ACQ.BOYLER FGM200PIPE WATERINLET TUBE DE CHARGEMENT DE L'EAU ROHR WASSERZUFLUSSFORNI TAV. 6818RTFOC00392MANOP.COND.FCV.TURCH.EKK25B KNOB BOUTON DREHGRIFFFORNI TAV. 6819RTFOC00213GUARNIZ.VALV.PESO FGM061GASKET GARNITURE DICHTUNGFORNI TAV. 68110RTMIN00249FASCETTA TU.MINUS D77X97 INOX CLAMP BANDE SCHELLEFORNI TAV. 68111RTFOC00351TU.FLES.PRES.BIANCO/140PIPE FLEXIBLE TUYAU ROHR FLEXIBELFORNI TAV. 68112RTFOC00207SONDA LIV.BOY.FGM060/160LEVEL PROBE L= 160 M/M SONDE DE NIVEAU L=160 M/M WASSERSTANDSANZEIGER L=160 M/M FORNI TAV. 68113RTFOC00210SONDA LIV.BOY.FGM060/130LEVEL PROBE L=130SONDE DE NIVEAU L=130WASSERSTANDSANZEIGER L=130FORNI TAV. 68114RTCP900089CALOTTA OT.D.14 CP NUT ECROU MUTTERFORNI TAV. 68115RTCP900088BICONO D.14 CP DOUBLE CONE BICONE DOPPELKONUSFORNI TAV. 68116RTCP900087NIPLES CP OT/M/1/2"XM20/D.14NIPLES 1/2" X M20NIPLES 1/2" X M20NIPPEL 1/2" X M20FORNI TAV. 68117RTFOC00258CORPO V.FGM69/0822112VALVE GAS VALVE GAS VENTIL GASFORNI TAV. 68118RTFOC00350AS.RAMPA FGM100 ZINC.RAMP GAS RAMPE DU GAZ RAMPE GASFORNI TAV. 68119RTFOC00100GUARNIZ.AS.RAMPA FGC060GASKET RAMP GARNITURE RAMPE DICHTUNG RAMPEFORNI TAV. 68120RTFOC00352TU.AL.BRUC.BOYLER FGM200PIPE TUYAU ROHRFORNI TAV. 68121RTBF800015CALOTTA D.14 ART.181 GBR NUT ECROU MUTTERFORNI TAV. 68122RTBF800137BICONO D.14 ART.182 GBR DOUBLE CONE D.14BICONE D.14DOPPELKONUS D.14FORNI TAV. 68124RTCU900012BICONO D.10DOUBLE CONE D.10BICONE D.10DOPPELKONUS D.10FORNI TAV. 68125PACP800010TU.FLES+G.AL.RUB.IMB.MF1/2"100FLEXIBLE MF 1/2"FLEXIBLE MF 1/2"SCHLAUCH MF 1/2"FORNI TAV. 68126RTFOC00550VALV.MOTORIZ.FCVM/1 224D-230-VI25MOTORIZED VALVE SOUPAPE MOTORIZE MOTORGESTEUERTES VENTILFORNI TAV. 68127RTFOC00348AS.SUP.INIET.F.FGM200 ZINC.INJACTOR SUPPORT SUPPORT INJECTEUR EINSPRITZHALTERUNGFORNI TAV. 68128RTFOC00282INIET.1/4"D.2.90 K INJECTORG.20 20MBAR 290K INJECTEURG.20 20MBAR 290K EINSPRITZERG.20 20MBAR 290KFORNI TAV. 68130RTFOC00211BRUC.BOY FGM 103171600BURNER BRULEUR BRENNERFORNI TAV. 68131PAFOC00368CAND.RIL.BRU.FGM202/111 15406SPARK PLUG DI RILEVAZ.ELECTRODE DÉTECTION ZÜNDKERZEFORNI TAV. 68132RTFOC00034T/COPPIA 100 J FCV MBM00002PROBE SONDE SONDEFORNI TAV. 68133RTFOC00022E/VALVOLA FCV.1V.RAE207038ELECTRIC VALVE SOUPAPE ELEKTROVENTILFORNI TAV. 68134RTFOC00702TU.AB.VAPORI FCV2PIPE STEAM TUYAU DÉTACHEMENT VAPEUR ROHR DAMPFFORNI TAV. 68135RTCU800183CALOTTA AC. D.6CAP D.6CALOTTE D.6MUTTER D.6FORNI TAV. 68136RTFOC00020CALOTTA UMIDIF.FCV.NUT ECROU MUTTERFORNI TAV. 68137RTFOC00621RAMPA SC.COND.FGM200/1RAMP SC.COND.RAMPE DE DÉCHARGEMENT CONDENSE RAMPETABLE POS.CODE ITALIAN ENGLISH FRANÇAIS DEUTSCH FORNI TAV. 68138RTFOC00354TU.SCARICO ACQ.BOY.FGM200PIPE WATEROUTLET TUBE DE DECHARGE DE L'EAU ROHR WASSERABFLUSS FORNI TAV. 68139RTFOC00529INIET.AB.VAP.10G 1/8GGA-4.3W INIETT. VAPOUR INJECTEUR DÉTACHEMENT VAPEUR EINSPRITZER DAMPF。

I.J. Engineering and Manufacturing, 2012, 5, 22-27Published Online October 2012 in MECS ()DOI: 10.5815/ijem.2012.05.04Available online at /ijemTransfer Characteristics of Three Kinds of Micro-groove Heat PipesLiu Yi-Bing a, Huang Zhi-Gang aa Mechanical & Electric Engineering Department,Shaoyang vocational & technical college,Shaoyang,Hunan 422000, ChinaAbstractIn this paper, a simulation of three kinds of micro-groove plate heat pipes--- rectangular; trapezoidal and triangular, is conducted by thermal analysis software ANSYS. Through comparing with the focal point temperature value of the surfaces of micro-groove plate heat pipes, respectively being 30W; 40W; 50W, the result is obtained that trapezoidal plate heat piper has more excellent performance.Index Terms: micro-channel plate heat pipe, ANSYS, modeling, grid division© 2012 Published by MECS Publisher. Selection and/or peer review under responsibility of the Research Association of Modern Education and Computer Science.1.InstructionCotter first proposed the theory of micro-heat pipe and its prospects 【1】 in Fifth International Conference on heat pipe which was held in Japan in 1984. Since vapor flow channels within micro-channel plate heat pipe are connected with each other, the interface friction between liquid and vapor is reduced, resulting in improving heat transfer performance. At present, micro-channel plate heat pipe has become the focus of research and development.Peterson and others 【2】made the theoretical analysis of the triangular flat heat pipe, which confirmed the minimum meniscus radius on evaporator section of triangular channel and maximum heat capacity of micro heat pipe. Faghri A., etc.【3】carried out experimental and theoretical analysis for trapezoidal and rectangular copper micro-channels - water heat pipes and they agreed that heat pipe with large aspect ratio of grooves has better heat transfer performance and they also made an analytical reasoning to its capillary limit. Some comparative experimental studies on three different aspect ratio micro-groove heat pipe flat conducted by Fan Chunli, etc. 【4】show that flat heat pipe whose aspect radio is high has better heat transfer performance. However, the comparative study on heat transfer performance of plate heat pipe with different channel structure is not deep enough. Based on the comparison of triangular; rectangular and trapezoidal plates ofTransfer Characteristics of Three Kinds of Micro-groove Heat Pipes23 three different micro-groove heat pipe structure made by thermal analysis software ANSYS, the conclusion is:the trapezoid structure of the flat heat pipe has the best heat transfer characteristics, followed by rectangular structure, the last is triangular structure.2.Three micro channel plate heat pipe structuresThe dimensions of flat heat pipe used in the experiments are 60mm * 22mm * 5mm; thickness of top to bottom cover is 0.5mm; thickness of the side wall is 1mm, all of which meet the strength requirements. The second distilled water is used as working media. In heat pipe, the length of evaporator section; condenser section and adiabatic section are 20mm, oxygen-free copper tube materials are used, the internal channel is 10 channels connected with each other to reduce the interface friction of the reverse movement of steam and liquid, the channel structures are triangular, rectangular and trapezoidal.Cross-section shown in Figure 1:Fig 1 Cross-section of three kinds of micro-groove plate heat pipe3.ANSYS Thermal AnalysisANSYS is the first international popular software recognized by ISO9001 quality certification and a large general-purpose finite element analysis software which set structure; heat flow; electromagnetic and acousticin one 【5】 Analysis process characterized by modeling simple; fast and conveniently is divided into pre-processing; loading solution and post-processing is , in which modeling and analysis of meshing is the key technology. In the micro channel plate heat pipe simulation, the following assumptions are made: ①refrigerant vapor is saturated ideal gas; ② start performance and 30 seconds to reach steady state; the ambient temperature and the boundary conditions do not change over time; ③ heat contact surface is boundary heatflux density; ④ ignored components of the contact resistance between the contact surfaces; ⑤ material uniformly continuous; ⑥ only consider the axial heat pipe cooling.3.1.Geometric ModelingUsed in the pro / E on the model, and then imported into ANSYS, the three pro / E three-dimensional geometric models shown in Figure 2, select the eight-node thermal analysis unit hexahedral element thermal, SOLID70.24Transfer Characteristics of Three Kinds of Micro-groove Heat PipesFig 2 three-dimensional geometrical model of three kinds of micro-groove plate heat pipes3.2.meshAs ICEM CFD Tetra tetrahedral mesh device has a powerful mesh smoothing algorithm, and the local adaptation algorithm for encryption and rough, so by the use of Tetra8 tree algorithm, the volume is filled with tetrahedral prism and tetrahedral hybrid mesh ( free grid) is generated . Three different structural mesh flat heat pipes as shown in Figure 3（node 4302，unit 542 ）（node 4318，unit 546）（node 4297，unit 538）Fig 3.Grid division of three kinds of micro-groove plate heat pipes3.3.Load SolutionUsing ANSYS / Multi physics and Sparse multi-physics solver, Newton-Raphson algorithm solves the transient temperature field. Specify the initial time step △ t = 35; the minimum time step 30; the maximum time step 200; the automatic time step chosen on. Taking into account both accuracy and stability, using the Euler backward difference method, first order transient integration parameter is set to THETA = 0.75; vibration limit LimitOSLM = 0.5; tolerance TOL = 0.1; loads of bands style, that is, all containing loads are put on child in the first load step, and the rest remains the same. To speed up, solving the Line Search for the difference is ON. To this end, respectively, set the heating power (load) for the 30W; 40W; 50W load to solve three cases, the heating power of 30W, for example, after loading the model shown in Figure 4:Fig 4.Modeling of three kinds of micro-groove heat pipes after loading 30W3.4.post-processingUsing POST1, draw the temperature cloud and the temperature vector when it is 35 seconds and heating power is 30W, as shown in Figure 5, Figure 6Transfer Characteristics of Three Kinds of Micro-groove Heat Pipes25Fig 5 Temperature cloud of three kinds of micro-groove heat pipesFig 6 Temperature vector of three kinds of micro-groove heat pipes3.5.Simulation results and analysisIn this paper, the Simulation is under the condition of at room temperature 18 ℃; filling rate of 1.3; horizontal; running for 30 seconds after the heat pipe thermal equilibrium.The test point being the center ofthe lower surface of simulated heat pipe, the temperature of the lower surface center is extracted by the command * GET; Par; Entity; ENTNUM; Item1; IT1NUM; Item2; IT2NUM and when the heating power was30W; 40W; 50W; the test point temperature versus time curve in three different micro-groove structure is plotted by Post26. Shown in Figure 7, Figure 8, Figure 9:Fig 7 Curve of test point temperature versus time under 30W loadFig 8 Curve of test point temperature versus time under 40W load26 Transfer Characteristics of Three Kinds of Micro-groove Heat PipesFig 9 Curve of test point temperature versus time under 50W loadTable 1. Test point temperature under different heating power of three kinds of micro-groove heat pipes Heating power Rectangular trapezoid triangular30W23.272℃ 21.662℃ 25.126℃ 40W27.863℃ 27.012℃ 29.422℃ 50W 35.426℃ 24.122℃ 37.474℃By comparing the temperature of all test points, we can see that the trapezoid structure of the flat heat pipe has the best heat transfer characteristic; followed by rectangular structure; the last is triangular structure. The reason may be in trapezoidal structure, under capillary force, the thin liquid film evaporation zone whose heat transfer area is the strongest in the region is relatively elongated, making the heat transfer better performance.4. 4. ConclusionIn this paper, using ANSYS thermal analysis software and doing contrasting simulation of three kinds of micro-groove structure channel plate heat pipe, we can draw the following conclusions:(1)Among the heat transfer performances of three micro-groove structure, the trapezoid structure of the flat heat pipe has the best heat transfer characteristics, followed by rectangular structure, the last is triangular structure.(2)It is a new research method to simulate and compare the heat transfer performances of micro channel plate in different structure, which may be unsatisfactory and also need improving in the future study.AcknowledgementsFund Project: Hunan Provincial Department of Education research project (08D110), Shaoyang Municipal Science and Technology Program (08SC016) fundedReferences[1] Liu Yi-Bing, electronic cooling technique [J], Electronics Process Technology, 2007,28 (5) :286-289[2] Peterson GP ，MaHB 、Theoretical analysis of the maximum heat transport in triangular grooves:a study of idealized micro heat pipes[J]，ASME Journal of Heat Transfer ，1996，118：731-739[3] HopkinsR ，Faghri A ，Khrustalev D ，Flat Miniature Heat Pipes with Micro Capollary Grooves[J]，ASME Journal of Heat Transfer ，1999，121：102-109[4] Fan-Chun Li, Qu Wei, Sun F., etc., three micro-groove structure of the flat heat pipe heat transferTransfer Characteristics of Three Kinds of Micro-groove Heat Pipes27 experimental study [J], electronic devices, 2003,26 (4) :357-360[5] Liu Yi-Bing, Liu Guohua, ANSYS thermal analysis of the key technologies and research [J], Chongqing Institute of Technology (Natural Science), 2008,10 (6) :104-107。

Principle of Operation:MicroMetering valves are designed for applications where more precise control of small flow is required than is possible with a standard regulating stem. Barrel and Thimble micrometer design permits settings to be repeated.Metering is controlled by a finely tapered stem acting in a precisely mated replaceable seat. Very fine stemposition is achieved utilizing a 40 TPI thread. The Barrel and Thimble are calibrated for proper metering at the factory.These valves are designed for metering only and cannot be used as a shutoff valve. Minimum flow is factory set and occurs at “0” position. DO NOT OPERATE THE VALVE BELOW THE ZERO POSITION OR DAMAGE WILL RESULT. When shutoff action is required, a pressure matching shutoff valve is recommended.MicroMetering Valve Features:• Barrel and Thimble design permits repeatable settings • Barrel divisions every 0.025"• 25 Thimble divisions, each representing 0.001" stem travel. One revolution = 0.025” stem travel.• Operating Temperatures vary per model but can range from -100° to 800°F (-73° to 427°C)• UNS S31600 cold worked type 316 stainless steel body. Stem and seat are cold-worked type 316 stainless steel.• Packing below stem threads is PTFE for the 10VRMM, 15PVRMM and 30VRMM valves and nylon-leather for the 60VRMM. For packing options, see Technical Information Section.• Speedbite “W” Series compression sleeve connections are used on the 10VRMM Series. Operating temperatures are limited from -100° to 650°F• 1/4" NPT connections (ANPT Aerospace version) are used on 15PVRMM Series. Operating temperatures are limited from -100°F to 400°F• Parker AE High Pressure Cone & Thread connections are used on both the 30VRMM and 60VRMM Series • Electric Flow Control Actuators are available for all VRMM Style Valves. See Actuator Section of Catalog for suffix code options.Parker Autoclave Engineers valves are complemented by a complete line of fittings, tubing, check valves and line filters. Traceability is ensured by use of heat a purchase order codes etched on valve body that also include model number, MAWP rating, and Material Type references. All valves include connection sleeve/collar and gland nut as appropriate.All Parker Autoclave Engineers products are designed in accordance with ASME B31.3 Chapter IX High Pressure Piping standards.Needle ValveVRMM MicroMetering Series 60,000 psi (4140 bar)10VRMM, 15PVRMM (NPT), 30VRMM, 60VRMM Series2Needle Valves: VRMM MicroMetering Series 02-0115SE 0521MicroMetering Series:Pressures to 60,000 psi (4137bar)Notes** For complete temperature ratings see pressure/temperature rating guide in Technical Information section .Valve Packing Options:Standard Parker Autoclave Engineers 10VRMM, 15PVRMM and 30VRMM Series valves with PTFE packing may be operated to 450°F (232°C). 60VRMM series valves with nylon/leather/nylon packing may be operated from 40ºF (4ºC) to 230ºF (110ºC).*TG Standard valve with PTFE glass packing -100° to 600°F (-73° to 316°).GY Standard valve with graphite braided yarn packing to 32° to 800°F (0° to 427°).B Cryogenic trim materials and PTFE packing required when below 0°F (-18°C) to -100°F (-73°C).Note: *60VRMM valves with -TG option supplied with PEEK/PTFE Glass/PEEK packingParker Autoclave Engineers does not recommend Low Pressure Speedbite sleeve connections below -100°F (-73°C) or above 650°F (343°C). NPT Pipe Connections can be used from -100° to over 400°F (-72 to 204°C) (dependent on sealant temperature range). See needle valve options for stem and seat coating for erosive service.Generalized Flow Coefficient Curves (C v )% of rated C vS t e m T r a v e l : I n c h e s (m m )0.001 0.002 0.003 0.0040.175(4.45) 0.150(3.81) 0.125(3.18) 0.100(2.54) 0.075(1.90) 0.050(1.27) 0.025(.64) 0MicroMetering (VRMM) Series Flow CurveNPT valve option will not have connection collar and gland nut as shown above.15PVRMM “NPT” version shown above3Needle Valves: VRMM MicroMetering Series 02-0115SE 0521Ordering Guide:For complete information on available stem types, optional connections and additional valve options, see Needle Valve Options section or contact your Sales Representative. VRMM Series valves are furnished complete with connection components, unless otherwise specified.Material of Construction:Basic Repair Kits for 316 SS Material:G - Packing Gland mounting hole drill size • G1 - Bracket mounting hole size • H* - Dimension is with stem in closed positionAll dimensions for reference only and subject to change • For prompt service, Parker Autoclave stocks select products. Consult factory.4Needle Valves: VRMM MicroMetering Series 02-0115SE 0521Panel Hole Sizes:*10VRMM Valve has only one mounting screw. Dimension shown is from stem center to panel hole center.10VRMM Thimble must be removed to mount on panel.Needle Valve Panel MountNotesNPT Pipe Thread Connections:NPT threads must be sealed using a high quality PTFE tape(3 wraps minimum) and/or thread sealant paste product suitablefor process temperature.Refer to thread sealant manufacturer’s instructions forapplication instructions. A good thread lubrication product(metal flake style) capable of process temperatures is also necessary to prevent thread galling.Sealing performance may vary based on many factors such as pressure, temperature, media, thread quality, thread material,proper engagement, and proper use of thread sealant.End user should limit the number of times an NPT fitting is assembled and disassembled as thread deformation during assembly will result in deteriorating seal quality over time.5Needle Valves: VRMM MicroMetering Series 02-0115SE 05216Needle Valves: VRMM MicroMetering Series 02-0115SE 0521High Temperature Extension:Required for extreme temperatures-HTHigh Temperature (over 600°F to 800°F maximum)Needle Valve Clam Shell Handle Lockout:(order separately using part numbers shown below, padlock not included)Clam Shell Handle locks are provided to lockout valves in open or closed position preventing unauthorized personnel from actuating valve during shutdown or emergency situations.This clamshell design is available in four (4) sizes dependent on handle length:P/N AE004855 – 1" to 2.5" handle length P/N 90088 – 2.5" to 5.0" handle length P/N 90194 – 6.5" to 10" handle lengthP/N AE004350 – 8" to 13" handle lengthValve Options:(For Actuator Options please reference specific Actuator brochure)Electric Valve Actuators:Parker Autoclave Engineers has developed an electric actuator capable of fine, multi-turn, control.This actuator is designed specifically for our VRMM Series valves to facilitate remote control of these high pressure low flow metering valves. 4-20mA (-C4 suffix) or 0-10VDC (-C10 suffix) control signal options areavailable.NOTES:7 Needle Valves: VRMM MicroMetering Series 02-0115SE 0521! CAUTION !Do not mix or interchange component parts or tubing with those of other manufacturers. Doing so is unsafe and will void warranty.Parker Autoclave Engineers Valves, Fittings, and Tools are not designed to interface with common commercial instrument tubing and are designed to only connect with tubing manufactured toParker Autoclave Engineers AES specifications. Failure to do so is unsafe and will void warranty.Offer of SaleThe items described in this document are available for sale by Parker Hannifin Corporation, its subsidiaries or its authorized distributors. Any sale contract entered by Parker will begoverned by the provisions stated in Parker's standard terms and conditions of sale (copy available upon request).©2021 Parker Hannifin Corporation | Autoclave Engineers is a registered trademark of the Parker Hannifin Corporation Literature #: 02-0115SE May 2021ISO-9001 CertifiedInstrumentation Products Division Autoclave Engineers Operation 8325 Hessinger Drive Erie, PA 16509-4679Tel: 814 860 5700Fax: 814 860 /ipdInstrumentation Products Division Division Headquarters 1005 A Cleaner WayHuntsville, AL 35805 USA Tel: 256 881 2040Fax: 256 881 5072Parker Hannifin Manufacturing Ltd.Instrumentation Products Division, EuropeRiverside RoadPottington Business ParkBarnstaple, UK, EX31 1NP , UK Tel: 44 1271 313131Fax: 44 1271 373636WARNINGFAILURE, IMPROPER SELECTION OR IMPROPER USE OF THE PRODUCTS AND/OR SYSTEMS DESCRIBED HEREIN OR RELATED ITEMS CAN CAUSE DEATH,PERSONAL INJURY AND PROPERTY DAMAGE.This document and other information from Parker Hannifin Corporation, its subsidiaries and authorized distributors provide product and/or system options for further investigation by users having technical expertise. It is important that you analyze all aspects of your application and review the information concerning the product or system in the current product catalog. Due to the variety of operating conditions and applications for these products or systems, the user, through its own analysis and testing, is solely responsible for making the final selection of the products and systems and assuring that all performance, safety and warning requirements of the application are met. The prod-ucts described herein, including without limitation, product features, specifications, designs, availability and pricing, are subject to change by Parker Hannifin Corporation and its subsidiaries at any time without notice.Needle Valves: VRMM MicroMetering Series 02-0115SE 0521Parker WorldwideNorth AmericaUSA – Corporate, Cleveland, OH Tel: +1 256 896 3000USA – IPD, Huntsville, AL Tel: +1 256 881 2040*****************USA – IPD, (Autoclave), Erie, PA Tel: +1 814 860 5700*******************CA – Canada, Grimsby, Ontario Tel +1 905-945-2274*********************South AmericaAR – Argentina, Buenos Aires Tel: +54 3327 44 4129 ******************BR – Brazil, Diadema, SP Diadema, SPTel: +55 11 4360 6700******************CL – Chile, Santiago Tel: +56 (0) 2 2303 9640******************MX – Mexico, Toluca Tel: +52 722 275 4200*******************Asia PacificAU – Australia, Dandenong Tel: +61 (0)2 9842 5150******************************CN – China, Shanghai Tel: +86 21 2899 5000*****************************HK – Hong Kong Tel: +852 2428 8008IN – India, MumbaiTel: +91 22 6513 7081-85ID – Indonesia, Tangerang Tel: +62 2977 7900********************JP – Japan, Tokyo Tel: +(81) 3 6365 4020******************KR – South Korea, Seoul Tel: +82 2 559 0400*******************MY – Malaysia, Selangor Tel: +603 784 90 800*******************SG – Singapore,Tel: +65 6887 6300*******************TH – Thailand, Bangkok Tel: +66 2 186 7000*********************TW – Taiwan, Taipei Tel: +886 2 2298 8987*************************VN – Vietnam, Hochi Minh City Tel: +848 382 508 56**********************Europe, Middle East, AfricaAE – UAE, Dubai Tel: +971 4 812 7100********************AT – Austria, Wiener Neustadt Tel: +43 (0)2622 23501-0*************************AT – Eastern Europe, Wiener Neustadt Tel: +43 (0)2622 23501 900****************************AZ – Azerbaijan, Baku Tel: +994 50 2233 458****************************BE/LU – Belgium, Nivelles Tel: +32 (0)67 280 900*************************BG – Bulgaria, Sofia Tel: +359 2 980 1344**************************BY – Belarus, Minsk Tel: +48 (0)22 573 24 00*************************CH – Switzerland, Etoy Tel: +41 (0) 21 821 87 00*****************************CZ – Czech Republic, Klecany Tel: +420 284 083 111*******************************DE – Germany, Kaarst Tel: +49 (0)2131 4016 0*************************DK – Denmark, Ballerup Tel: +45 43 56 04 00*************************ES – Spain, Madrid Tel: +34 902 33 00 01***********************FI – Finland, VantaaTel: +358 (0)20 753 2500*************************FR – France, Contamine s/Arve Tel: +33 (0)4 50 25 80 25************************GR – Greece, Athens Tel: +30 210 933 6450************************HU – Hungary, Budapest Tel: +36 223 885 470*************************IE – Ireland, DublinTel: +353 (0)1 466 6370*************************IT – Italy, Corsico (Ml)Tel: +39 02 45 19 21***********************KZ – Kazakhstan, Almaty Tel: +7 7273 561 000****************************NL – The Netherlands, Oldenzaal Tel: +31 (0)541 585 000********************NO – Norway, Stavanger Tel: +47 66 75 34 00************************PL – Poland, Warsaw Tel: +48 (0)22 573 24 00************************PT – Portugal, Leca da Palmeira Tel: +351 22 999 7360**************************RO – Romania, Bucharest Tel: +40 21 252 1382*************************RU – Russia, Moscow Tel: +7 495 645-2156************************SE – Sweden, Spånga Tel: +46 (0)8 59 79 50 00************************SK – Slovakia, Banská Bystrica Tel: +421 484 162 252**************************SL – Slovenia, Novo Mesto Tel: +386 7 337 6650**************************TR – Turkey, Istanbul Tel: +90 216 4997081************************UA – Ukraine, KievTel: +48 (0)22 573 24 00*************************UK – United Kingdom, Warwick Tel: +44 (0)1926 317 878********************ZA – South Africa, Kempton Park Tel: +27 (0)11 961 0700*****************************。

Chapter two theory of heat pipe P192.1 introductions P192.2 surface tension and surface energy P212.2.1 Introduction2.2.2 pressure difference across a curved surface P232.2.3 Change in vapour pressure at a curved liquid surface P242.2.4 Measurement of surface tension P252.2.5 Temperature dependence of surface tension P262.2.6 Capillary pressure P272.3 pressure difference due to friction forces P282.3.1 Laminar flow - the Hagen - Poiseniue equation P282.3.2 Axial Reynold’s number P292.3.3 Turbulent flow -the fanning equation P312.3.4 Navier - Stokers equation P312.4 pressure different in the liquid phase P322.4.1 Homogeneous wicks P332.4.2 Longitudinal groove wicks P352.4.3 Composite wicks P352.5 vapour phase pressure difference P372.5.1 Introduction2.5.2. Incompressible flow: (simple one dimensional theory) P382.5.3 Incompressible flow - one dimensional theories of Cotter and Busse P41 2.5.4 Pressure recovery P432.5.5 Two dimensional incompressible flow P462.5.6 Compressible flow P482.6 gravitational head P522.7 Entrainment P532.8 heat transfer and temperature differences in heat pipes P552.8.1 Introduction2.8.2 Heat transfer in evaporator region P562.8.3 Heat transfer from plane surfaces (2.15) (2.16) P56Nucleate boiling and babble formation (2.18) P57Correlation of nucleate boiling data P60Nucleate boiling in water and organic liquids P602.8.4 Boiling from wicked surfaces P632.8.5 Liquid vapour interface temperature drop P742.8.6 Wick thermal conductivity P762.8.7 Heat transfer in the condenser P772.8.8 Total temperature drop P78Table 2.9 热阻公式P80~822.9 limits to heat transport P832.9.1 Viscous limit P832.9.2 Sonic limit P832.9.3 Entrainment limit P842.9.4 Capillary limit (wicking limit ) P842.9.5 Burnout P852.10 gravity assisted heat pipes P91Chapter three practical design considerations P97 3.1 The working fluidTable 3.1 热管的工质3.2 The wick or capillary structure P1043.2.1 Homogeneous structures P1063.2.2 Arterial wicks P1093.3 thermal resistances of saturated wicks P1103.3.1 Meshes. gorring and churchill3.3.2 sintered wicks.3.3.3 grooved wicks3.3.4 concentric annulus3.4 the container P1143.5 compatibility P1153.6 fluid inventory P1293.7 priming3.8 heat pipe start-up procedure P130Sample design calculation A P133-148Sample design calculation A p148-151Chapter four heat pipe manufacture and testing P155 4.1 manufacture and assembly4.1.1 container material P1564.1.2 wick material and form4.1.3 cleaning of container and wick P1634.1.4 material outgassing P1644.1.5 fitting of wick and end caps P1654.1.6 leak detection P1674.1.7 preparation of the working fluid4.1.8 heat pipe filling P1694.1.9 heat pipe sealing P1724.1.10 summary of assembly procedures P1744.1.11 heat pipes containing insert gas4.1.12 liquid metal heat pipes4.1.13 safety aspects P1804.2 heat pipe life test procedures P1814.2.1 variables to be taken into account during life test4.2.2 life test procedures P1844.2.3 prediction of long term performance from accelerated life tests4.2.4 A life test programme P1884.3 heat pipe performance measurements P1894.3.1 the test rig4.3.2 test procedures P1924.3.3 evaluation testing of a copper heat pipe and typical performance P194Chapter five special types of heat pipe P1975.1 flat plate heat pipes5.2 flexible heat pipes P1985.3 simple osmosis P2005.4 electro-osmotic flow pumping and electro-hydrodynamics P2015.5 anti-gravity thermosyphons or inverse thermosyphonst P2055.6 heat pipe switches diodes P2085.6.1 the thermal diode P2085.6.2 the thermal switch ~2105.7 the rotating heat pipe P2115.7.1 factors limiting the heat transfer capacity of the rotating heat pipe P2135.7.2 applications of rotating heat pipes P2145.7.3 most recent work P215Chapter six the variable conductance heat pipe P2186.1 passive control using bellows P2206.2 hot reservoir variable conductance heat pipe P2216.3 feedback control applied to the variable conductance heat pipe P222 6.3.1 electrical feedback control (active) P2236,3,2 mechanical feedback control (passive) P2246.4 other control techniques P2256.5 comparison of system P2266.5.1 cold reservoir heat pipes6.5.2 hot reservoir heat pipes P2286.6 analysis of feedback controlled variable conductance heat pipes P231 6.6.1 steady state analysis P2326.6.2 storage volume requirements for active feedback control P2356.6.3 transient analysis P2376.7 comparison of theory and experiment – active feedback control P242 6.8 effects of non-condensable gas on the working fluid in variable conductance heat pipes P2446.8.1 Diffusion at the vapour/gas interface6.8.2 gas bubbles in arterial wick structures P2456.9 VCHP computer programme P2476.10 recent developments P248Chapter seven applications of the heat pipes7.1 broad areas of application P2537.2 die casting and injection moulding P2577.2.1 how the heat pipe can assist P2587.3 cooling of electronic components P2617.3.1 tubular heat pipes7.3.2 flat plate heat pipes P2637.3.3 direct contact system P2637.3.4 specific applications P2647.4 spacecraft P2677.4.1 spacecraft temperature equalization7.4.2 component cooling, temperature control and radiator design P268 7.4.3 other applications P2707.5 energy conservation7.5.1 heat recovery units P2737.6 thermionic power generation P2797.7 preservation of permafrost7.8 stirling engines7.9 the vapipe7.10 A biological heat pipe7.11 other applications。