2011英语2

2011考研英语二
2011年考研英语二的真题和答案如下：
Part I Vocabulary and Structure (10 points, 1 point each)
1.【答案】C
【解析】这句话的意思是“老师对学生的期待应与学生的能力相符合”，因此正确答案为C，即“老师应该根据学生的能力调整对学生的期望”。

2.【答案】B
【解析】这句话的意思是“随着人们年龄的增长，他们更倾向于保守和传统”，因此正确答案为B，即“人们年龄越大，越倾向于保守和传统”。

3.【答案】D
【解析】这句话的意思是“我们应该更加关注环境问题，因为这些问题已经变得日益严重”，因此正确答案为D，即“环境问题已经变得越来越严重，需要我们更加关注”。

4.【答案】A
【解析】这句话的意思是“这本书对于那些对历史感兴趣的人来说是一本必读书”，因此正确答案为A，即“这本书是必读书，特别是对于那些对历史感兴趣的人”。

5.【答案】C
【解析】这句话的意思是“我们应该尽可能地利用现有的资源来解决问题”，因此正确答案为C，即“我们应该充分利用现有的资源来解决问题”。

2011年考研英语二真题全文翻译答案超详解析2011 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案与解析Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析本文是一篇说明性的文章，主要讨论了互联网上的身份验证问题。

作者首先提出，由于网络用户的匿名现象带来的隐私泄露和网络犯罪问题，然后针对这些问题介绍了一种称为“自愿信任身份识别”系统的解决方法，并对这种方法做了评述。

二、试题解析1.【答案】A【解析】本题目考生需要关注两点：（1）空格前的主语（2）空格后的介词短语。

鉴于此，考生需要从四个选项中选出一个不及物动词，能与空格前的主语that（指代the explosion of cyber crime 网络犯罪的激增）构成主谓逻辑，并与空格后的介词短语across the Web 构成动宾逻辑。

A 项swept（打扫，席卷）可以做不及物动词，并能与空前的主语和空后的介词短语构成顺畅的逻辑关系，即在文中表示“匿名制是造成网络犯罪席卷互联网的原因”，故A为正确答案。

B 项skip 意为“跳过，掠过”；C 项walk 意为“走，步行”；D 项ride 意为“骑，乘，驾”虽可做不及物动词，但与空前主语和空后介词短语不构成完整的主谓搭配和动宾搭配，都是干扰项。

2.【答案】C【解析】本题目考生需要重点关注空格后的状语从句，状语从句引导词的选择主要考虑从句与主句之间的语意关系。

空格所在句子的主句是privacy be preserved（隐私得以保护），从句是省略了主语和助动词的bringing safety andsecurity to the world（带来网络世界的安全），由此可以推断本句是要表达“在给世界带来安全保障的同时，隐私是否能够得以保护呢？”，C 项while 意为“在……的同时，当……的时候”，可以表示伴随关系，故为正确答案。

A 项for 表示因果关系；B 项within 表示“在……里面，不超出”；D 项though 表示让步关系；在搭配上与doing并无典型用法，此外带入空格，整个句子逻辑也很不通顺，故为干扰选项。

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2011高考英语试题及答案（全国卷2）2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语2本试卷分第一卷（选择题）和第二卷（非选择题）两部分。

第一卷1至12页。

第二卷13至14页。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一卷注意事项：答第一卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

每小题选出答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

不能答在试卷上。

第一部分英语知识运用（共三节，满分50分）第一节语音知识（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）1高1考1资1源1网1从A, B, C, D四个选项中，找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

例：haveA. gaveB. saveC. hatD. made答案是C。

1. cushionA. buttonB. butcherC. buryD. duty2. countryA.announceB. coughC. encourageD. shoulder3. pillowA. flowerB. allowC. knowledgeD. follow4. reachA. breatheB. reallyC. pleasureD. heaven5. ChristmasA. handkerchiefB. teacherC. acheD. merchant第二节语法和词汇知识（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A, B, C, D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

例：It is generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants.A. howeverB. whateverC. whicheverD. whenever答案是B。

6. —Did you forget about my birthday?—______ I‟ve booked a table at Michel‟s restaurant for this evening.A. What then?B. I‟m afraid so.C. how could I?D. For sure.7. Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, ______ is a stupid thing to do in such weather.A. thisB. thatC. whatD. which8. If you ______ smoke, please go outside.A. canB. shouldC. mustD. may9. If you don't like the drink you ______ just leave it and try a different one.A. orderedB. are orderingC. will orderD. had ordered10. Mary, I _____ John of his promise to help you.A. toldB. remindedC. warnedD. advised11. I got this bicycle for ______ ;My friend gave it to me when she bought a new one.A. everythingB. somethingC. anythingD. nothing12. It is one thing to enjoy listening to good music, but it is ______ another to play it well yourself.A. quiteB. veryC. ratherD. much13. Jane won‟t join us for dinner tonight and ______.A. neither won‟t TomB. Tom won‟t eitherC. Tom will tooD. so will Tom14. This shop will be closed for repairs _______ further notice.A. withB. untilC. forD. at15. The island, ______ to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to.A. joiningB. to joinC. joinedD. having joined16. As he reached ______ front door, Jack saw ______ strange sight.A. the;不填B. a; theC.不填aD. the; a17．Mr. Stevenson is great to work for -- I really couldn't ask for a ______boss.A. betterB. goodC. bestD. still better18．Sarah pretended to be cheerful, ______ nothing about the argument.A. says B: said C. to say D. saying19. It was a nice meal, _______ a little expensive.A. thoughB. whetherC. asD. since20.—So you gave her your phone?—______she said she'd return it to me when she could afford her own.A. My pleasureB. Not exactlyC. No doubtD. All right戳此查看2011高考专题>>戳此查看高中专题>>戳此查看历年高考真题专题>>第三节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A, B, C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项飞并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

2011年考研英语二阅读第一篇全文共10篇示例，供读者参考篇1Hey guys, have you heard about the 2011 College English Test Band 2 reading section? Let me tell you all about it in a fun and easy way! So, here's the deal: in this reading section, there are four passages for us to read, understand, and answer questions about. It's like a little adventure where we get to explore different topics and learn new things!The first passage is usually about a social issue or a current event. It talks about things happening in the world and how they affect people's lives. It's super interesting because we get to see different perspectives and learn about what's going on around us.The second passage is usually a bit more academic. It could be about a scientific discovery, a historical event, or even a literary work. This one can be a bit challenging, but don't worry, we just need to focus and take our time to understand it.The third passage is about something related to culture or history. We might learn about different traditions, customs, orfamous figures from around the world. It's like taking a little trip to a new country without leaving our seat!The fourth passage is usually a bit lighter, like a personal story or an opinion piece. It's fun to read because we get to see how other people think and feel about different things. Plus, it helps us practice our reading comprehension skills.Overall, the reading section of the 2011 College English Test Band 2 is a great opportunity for us to learn, explore, and improve our English skills. So let's dive in, have fun, and do our best! Good luck, everyone!篇2Hello everyone, today I want to talk about the first reading passage in the 2011 English second entrance exam.The passage is about how people perceive the colors blue and green differently in different cultures. In Western countries, blue is often associated with calmness and sadness, while green represents freshness and health. But in China, blue is linked to masculinity and strength, while green symbolizes rage and jealousy. It's super interesting how the same colors can have such different meanings depending on where you are from!The passage also talks about how language can influence the way we see colors. For example, in Russian, there are different words for light blue and dark blue, which might make Russian speakers more sensitive to different shades of blue. It's crazy to think about how the language we speak can actually change the way we perceive the world around us.Overall, this passage really made me think about how culture and language can shape our perceptions of the colors we see every day. It's such a cool reminder that there's so much more to colors than just what meets the eye. I had so much fun reading and learning from this passage, and I can't wait to see what other interesting things the next reading passages have in store for us.That's all for now, thanks for listening to my summary of the first reading passage in the 2011 English second entrance exam! Have a great day everyone!篇3Hey guys! Today I want to talk to you about this reading passage from the 2011 English II exam. It's all about how humans are impacting the environment and what we can do to help.First off, the passage talks about how global warming is causing the ice to melt in the Arctic. This is really bad news foranimals like polar bears who rely on the ice to survive. But it's not just the polar bears who are in trouble, it's all of us. If we don't do something to stop global warming, we could see more extreme weather events like hurricanes and droughts.One way we can help is by reducing our carbon footprint. That means using less energy, driving less, and recycling more. We can also support renewable energy sources like solar and wind power. These clean energy sources don't release harmful greenhouse gases into the atmosphere like fossil fuels do.Another important point from the passage is how deforestation is harming the environment. Trees help clean the air by absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen. So when we cut down forests, we're not only destroying habitats for animals, but we're also making air pollution worse.To help stop deforestation, we can all do our part by planting trees, supporting sustainable forestry practices, and choosing products that are made from recycled materials.Overall, it's up to us to take care of our planet. We need to be mindful of our actions and make choices that will protect the environment for future generations. Let's work together to make a difference!篇4Hey guys, today I want to talk about the first passage of the 2011 GRE English II reading section. It was all about how technology is changing the way we learn and communicate. Pretty cool stuff!The passage talked about how technology like the internet and smartphones are making it easier for us to access information and connect with people all around the world. It also mentioned how some people think this is a great thing, while others are worried about the negative effects it might have on our brains and social skills.I thought it was really interesting to read about how technology is shaping our lives in so many ways. Like, I never realized how much I rely on my phone for everything from finding directions to keeping in touch with my friends. It's crazy to think about how different things were before all this tech stuff!Overall, I thought the passage was pretty easy to understand. There were some tricky words here and there, but I was able to figure them out by looking at the context. It was a fun read anddefinitely got me thinking about how technology is changing the world.So yeah, that's my take on the first passage of the 2011 GRE English II reading section. It was a cool topic and I can't wait to see what's next in the rest of the test!篇5Hey guys, have you heard about the 2011 Postgraduate Entrance Exam? Let me tell you all about the first reading passage in the English test!The passage is all about how music can affect our emotions and behavior. It talks about how music can make us feel happy or sad, calm or excited. Isn't that cool? I love listening to music, so this topic really caught my attention.The passage also mentions a study where people were asked to listen to different types of music while looking at pictures of faces showing different emotions. It turns out that the music they were listening to actually influenced how they perceived the emotions in the pictures. Can you believe that music has such a big impact on our brains?There's also a part in the passage where they talk about how music can help us communicate and understand each other better. I think that's so true! Music is like a universal language that everyone can understand and connect through. I always feel closer to my friends when we listen to music together.Overall, I think this passage is really interesting and it made me think a lot about how powerful music can be. I can't wait to see what other cool topics are in the exam this year!So, what do you guys think about the first reading passage? Let's chat about it!篇6Hey guys, today I'm going to talk about the first reading passage in the 2011 English II exam for the postgraduate entrance exam. It's all about how animals communicate, which is super cool!So, in the reading, it says that animals communicate in different ways, like using sounds, body movements, and even smells. For example, dolphins make clicking sounds to talk to each other underwater, how awesome is that? And did you know that bees dance to tell their friends where to find food? It's like a little bee dance party!But it's not just about making noises or dancing, animals also use body language to communicate. Like dogs wagging their tails when they're happy, or cats hissing when they're scared. It's so interesting to see how animals express their feelings without even saying a word.And guess what? Even plants communicate with each other! They release chemicals into the air to warn other plants of danger, like if there's a bug eating them. It's like they have their own secret language going on underground.Overall, this reading passage shows us just how amazing and complex the world of animal communication is. It's not just about words, it's about signals, gestures, and even scents. So next time you see a bird chirping or a squirrel twitching its tail, remember that they might be saying more than you realize! Just like how I'm telling you all this cool stuff about the reading passage. Pretty neat, right?篇7Hi everyone! Today, let's talk about the first reading passage from the 2011 National Entrance Examination for Master's Degree (English part). It's all about the evolution ofcommunication. Sounds cool, right? Let's dive in and explore together!The passage starts by introducing the importance of communication in our daily lives. It talks about how communication has evolved over time, from cave paintings and smoke signals to written language and digital communication. It's like a journey through history, showing how humans have always found ways to connect with each other.One interesting point the passage makes is about the role of technology in communication. It mentions how inventions like the printing press and the internet have revolutionized the way we communicate. It's crazy to think about how much our world has changed because of these technological advances.But it's not all rainbows and unicorns. The passage also touches on the negative effects of technology on communication. It talks about how social media can sometimes lead to misunderstandings and conflicts. It's a reminder that we need to be careful about how we use technology to communicate.In the end, the passage emphasizes the importance of effective communication in building relationships andunderstanding each other. It's a powerful reminder that communication is key to a harmonious society.So, what do you think about the evolution of communication? Have you ever thought about how technology has changed the way we connect with each other? Let me know your thoughts in the comments below!That's it for today's discussion on the first reading passage from the 2011 National Entrance Examination for Master's Degree. I hope you enjoyed exploring the evolution of communication with me. Thanks for reading, and see you next time!篇8Title: A Funny Story from My GrandmaHi everyone! Today I want to tell you a funny story that happened to my grandma. It was a sunny day, and my grandma was going to the market to buy some vegetables for dinner. As she was walking down the street, she saw a big dog running towards her. Grandma got scared and started running as fast as she could.But guess what? The dog was actually chasing a butterfly! It was jumping and barking happily, completely ignoring my grandma. When she realized this, she stopped running and started laughing. "Silly dog," she said, "chasing butterflies like a little kid."When she got to the market, she told everyone about the funny incident. They all laughed and said that they wished they could see it too. Grandma bought some fresh vegetables and headed back home, still chuckling to herself. She couldn't wait to tell Grandpa about what happened.When she got home, Grandpa was waiting for her with a big smile on his face. "What's so funny?" he asked. Grandma told him the whole story, and they both laughed so hard that tears came to their eyes.That day, my grandma learned that sometimes things are not as scary as they seem. And that even the most unexpected situations can bring laughter and joy. It's a story that I will always remember and cherish, and I hope it brought a smile to your face too.篇9Once upon a time, in the magical land of 2011, there was a big test called the GRE exam. It was a scary test that lots of smart people took to go to a special school called grad school. And in this test, there was a part called the Reading Comprehension.Now, the Reading Comprehension part had lots of reading passages that made people scratch their heads and say, "Huh?" But one brave little student named Timmy wasn't afraid. He put on his thinking cap and dove right in.The first passage was about something called "ecocentrism." Timmy didn't know what that word meant, but he read on. It talked about how some people thought that nature should be valued above all else. Timmy thought that sounded nice - he loved trees and animals too!The second passage was a bit trickier. It was about the history of architecture in ancient Greece. Timmy wasn't sure what all those fancy words meant, but he tried his best to understand. He learned about columns and temples and how they were all built a long time ago. It made Timmy feel like he was in a time machine!After reading all the passages, Timmy felt proud of himself. Even though some of the words were hard and he didn't know everything, he had tried his best. And that's all that mattered.So, the moral of the story is, even if you don't know all the answers, just keep trying. You never know what magical adventures you might find in the pages of a reading passage. The End.篇10Hey guys, today I'm gonna talk about the first reading passage of the 2011 National Postgraduate Entrance Examination ("2011"). So, grab your snacks and listen up!The passage is about the importance of sleep and how lack of sleep can affect our health and performance. It talks about how our body needs sleep to recharge and repair itself, and how not getting enough sleep can lead to all sorts of problems like memory loss, weight gain, and even serious health issues like heart disease and diabetes.I found this passage super interesting because I never really thought about how important sleep is before. I mean, I love staying up late watching TV or playing video games, but now I realize that I need to make sure I'm getting enough sleep to stay healthy and do well in school.The passage also talks about ways to improve our sleep, like having a routine bedtime, turning off screens before bedtime,and creating a comfortable sleep environment. I'm definitely gonna try some of these tips to see if they help me sleep better.Overall, I think this passage is a reminder for all of us to prioritize our sleep and take care of our health. So, let's all try to get a good night's sleep tonight and every night! Good night, everyone!。

2011年考研英语(二)完型填空题目及参考答案"The Internet affords anonymity to its users — a boon to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cybercrime that has 1 across the Web.Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing a semblance of safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3 ?Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nation’s cyberczar, offered the Obama government a 4 to make the Web a safer place —a “voluntary identify” system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key, fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer, and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identify systems. Users could 9 which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet d river’s license 10 by the government.Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have sign-on” systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services.12 , the approach would create a “walled garden” in safe “neighborhoods” and bright “streetlights” to establish a sense of community.Mr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem” in which individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 ,trusting the identities of the infrastructure that the transaction runs 15 .'"Still, the administration’s plan has 16 privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such an initiative push toward what would 17 be a license” mentality.The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some experts, who worry that the “voluntary ecosystem” would still leave much of the Internet 19 .They argue that should be 20 to register and identify themselves, in drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.1.A.swept B. skipped C. walked D. ridden2.A.for B. within C. while D. though3.A.careless B. lawless C. pointless D. helpless4.A.reason B. reminder C. compromise D. proposalrmation B. interference C. entertainment D. equivalent6.A.by B. into C. from D. over7.A.linked B. directed C. chained D. compared8.A.dismiss B. discover C. create D. improve9.A.recall B. suggest C. select D. realize10.A.released B. issued C. distributed D. delivered11.A.carry on B. linger on C. set in D. log in12.A.In vain B. In effect C. In return D. In contrast13.A.trusted B. modernized C. thriving D. competing14.A.caution B. delight C. confidence D. patience15.A.on B. after C. beyond D. across16.A.divided B. disappointed C. protected D. united17.A.frequently B. incidentally C. occasionally D. eventually18.A.skepticism B. tolerance C. indifference D. enthusiasm19.A.manageable B. defendable C. vulnerable D. invisible20.A.invited B. appointed C. allowed D. forced参考答案：1-5 ACBDD 6-10 BACCA 11-15 DBACA 16-20 CDACD2011年考研英语(二)试题客观题部分参考答案1-5 ACBDD6-10 BACCA11-15 DBACA16-20 CDACD21-25BBDAA26-30DBCBB31-35BDCDB36-40DCBAC41-45EDCFGWILL the European Union make it? The question would have sounded outlandish not long ago. Now even the project’s greatest cheerleaders talk of a continent facing a “Bermuda triangle” of debt, demographic decline and lower growth.As well as those chronic problems, the EU faces an acute crisis in its economic core, the 16 countries that use the single currency. Markets have lost faith that the euro zone’s economies, weaker or stronger, will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sharing a single currency, which denies uncompetitive stragglers the quick fix of devaluation.Yet the debate about how to save Europe’s single currency from disintegration is stuck. It is stuck because the euro zone’s dominant powers, France and Germany, agree on the need for greater harmonisation within the euro zone, but disagree about what to harmonise.Germany thinks the euro must be saved by stricter rules on borrowing, spending and competitiveness, backed by quasi-automatic sanctions for governments that stray. These might include threats to freeze EU funds for poorer regions and EU mega-projects, and even the suspension of a country’s voting rights in EU ministerial councils. It insists that economic co-ordination should involve all 27 members of the EU club, among whom there is a small majority for free-market liberalism and economic rigour; in the inner core alone, Germany fears, a small majority favour French dirigisme.A “southern” camp headed by France wants something different: “European economicgovernment” within an inner core of euro-zone members. Translated, that means politicians meddling in monetary policy and a system of redistribution from richer to poorer members, via cheaper borrowing for governments through common Eurobonds or outright fiscal transfers. Finally, figures close to the French government have murmured, euro-zone members should agree to some fiscal and social harmonisation: eg, curbing competition in corporate-tax rates or labour costs.It is too soon to write off the EU. It remains the world’s large st trading block. At its best, the European project is remarkably liberal: built around a single market of 27 rich and poor countries, its internal borders are far more porous to goods, capital and labour than any comparable trading area. It is an ambitious attempt to blunt the sharpest edges of globalisation, and make capitalism benign.36.The EU is faced with to many problems thatA it has more or less lost faith in marketsB even its supporters begin to fell concernedC some of its member countries plan to X curoD it intends to deny the possibility of devaluation37 The X over the EU’s single currency is stuck because the X pomeryA are X for the leading positionB are busy X their own crisesCfall to reach an agreement on harmonisationD disagreement on the steps towards disintegration38 To solve the cure problem ,Gremanyproposed thatA EU funds for poor regions be XB stricter regulations be impossalC only core members be involved in ecomomic XD voting rights of the EU members be guaranteed39 The French proposal of handling the crisis implies thatA X countries are more likely to get findsB monetary policy will be applied to poor countriesC X will be readily available to rich countriesD rich countries will busically control Eurobonds40 X the future of the EU,the author seems to feelA pesaimisticB desperateCconeceiledD hopeful2011年考研英语二小作文真题范文Dear Li Ming,Congratulations on your success in the University Entrance Examination to be admitted to Peking University. Your hard work has paid off and we’re all so proud of you.As setting out on a new journey, I guess you may have some doubts and worries. I have experienced the same with you, so I think I may be in a position to give you some suggestions. First, you need to realize that to be independent emotionally is the first step in adjusting to university life. Then, I think it is necessary to remind you that university is a diversified place where academic achievements and interpersonal skills are equally important.I wish you have a brilliant start in university life and please do not hesitate to contact me if you have any problem.Yours sincerely,Zhang Wei(138)2011年考研英语二大作文真题范文As can be seen clearly from the chart, the market share taken by domestic car brands increased rapidly from 25% in 20008 to nearly 35% in 2009, while conversely, the market share owned by Japanese car brands dropped by 10% from 35% in 2008 to 25% in 2008. What’s more, the market share taken by American car brands is on the upward trend, from 10% to nearly 15%.Three reasons, in my opinion, can account for the changes in car market in these two years. First, the rise of Chinese cars is of little surprise as we have seen Chinese enterprises’commitment to developing self-owned technologies, which not only free them from potential risks, but also bring about long-term benefit. Second, Japanese cars, which used to be highly praised for their outstanding quality and superior stability, is now reeling from a crisis ofconfidence. Last, the improveme nt of American cars’ performance must be attributed to the smart marketing strategy employed by American sellers. They launched a lot of marketing campaigns designed specially for Chinese market, which won them applaud as well as benefit.In order to maintain the good momentum of development, domestic cars should on one hand stick to their self-independent policy, and on the other, learn some experiences from Japanese car’s failures and Americans’success.2011年考研英语大作文范文(高分版)Part B大作文参考范文高分版With the rapid development of tourist attractions，a growing number of people throng to the scenic spots during their vacations. As is vividly depicted in the cartoon, in the middle of a lake alive with rubbish rows a boat, riding two tourists, who are littering while enjoying the scenery.We can deduce from the picture that the drawer is trying to capture our attention to the tragedy of the destruction of the rivers and lakes, which is part of the threat to the ecological balance of the planet. It must be admitted that occurrences of water pollution caused by the rapid development of tourism industry is understood by many people with wide and insightful views. Unfortunately, in real practice, tourism has developed in a manner which often conflicts with the environment. To some extent, the faster the tourism economy develops, the worse the environment becomes.What is the significance of tourism development if the ecological balance is destroyed? In my view, measures should be taken without any delay to address the problem before price is paid for the negative development of the tourism. What should be done first is to make more people aware of the importance of environment protection. Otherwise, sightseeing, as a relaxation for most city dwellers, would be an impossible-to-be-realized wish in a few years. Meanwhile, related laws must be laid down to protect the fragile environment and to penalize those who violate the law. Only in this way would we enjoy a wonderful natural ecosystem and an advantageous, fast-growing tourism economy.52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly.2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give you comments.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)。

2011：Read the following text. Choose the best word（s）for each numbered black and mark A，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points）The Internet affords anonymity to its users， a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has 1 across the Web.Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly3 ？Last month，Howard Schmidt，the nation‘s cyber-czar，offered the federal government a4 to make the Web a safer place-a “voluntary trusted identity” system that would be the high-tech5 of a physical key，a fingerprint and a photo ID card，all rolled6 one. The system might use a smart identity card，or a digital credential7 to a specific computer .and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identity systems. User could 9 which system to join，and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver‘s license 10 by the government.Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these“single sign-on” systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services.12 .the approach would create a “walled garden” n cyberspace，with safe “neighborhoods” and bright “streetlights” to establish a sense of a 13 community.Mr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem” in which “indivi duals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 ，trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the transaction runs”。

2011年考研英语二真题及答案汇总【完形填空】"The Internet affords anonymity to its users —a boon to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cybercrime that has 1 across the Web.Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing a semblance of safety and security to a world thatseems increasingly 3 ?Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nation‟s cyberczar, offered the Obama government a 4 to make the Web a safer place —a “voluntary identify”system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key, fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer, and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identify systems. Users could 9 whichsystem to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver‟s license 10 by the government.Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have sign-on”systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services.12 , the approach would create a “walled garden”in safe “neighborhoods”and bright “streetlights”to establish a sense of 13 community.Mr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem”in which individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 ,trusting the identities of the infrastructure that the transaction runs 15 .'"Still, the administration‟s plan has 16 privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach;others are concerned. It seems clear that such an initiative push toward what would 17 be a license”mentality.The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some experts, who worry that the “voluntary ecosystem”would still leave much of the Internet 19 .They argue that should be 20 toregister and identify themselves, in drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.1.A.swept B. skipped C. walked D. ridden2.A.for B. within C. while D. though3.A.careless B. lawless C. pointless D. helpless4.A.reason B. reminder C. compromise D. proposalrmation B. interference C. entertainment D. equivalent6.A.by B. into C. from D. over7.A.linked B. directed C. chained D. compared8.A.dismiss B. discover C. create D. improve9.A.recall B. suggest C. select D. realize10.A.released B. issued C. distributed D. delivered11.A.carry on B. linger on C. set in D. log in12.A.In vain B. In effect C. In return D. In contrast13.A.trusted B. modernized C. thriving D. competing14.A.caution B. delight C. confidence D. patience15.A.on B. after C. beyond D. across16.A.divided B. disappointed C. protected D. united17.A.frequently B. incidentally C. occasionally D. eventually18.A.skepticism B. tolerance C. indifference D. enthusiasm19.A.manageable B. defendable C. vulnerable D. invisible20.A.invited B. appointed C. allowed D. forcedPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40points)Text 1Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs’s board as an outside director in January 2000: a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decadeshe apparently managed both roles without attracting much eroticism. But by the end of 2009 Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman’s compensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. The position was just taking up too much time, she said.Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased, advisers on a fir m’s board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presuma bly have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive’s proposals. If t he sky, and the share price is falling, outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises.The researchers from Ohio University used a database hat covered more than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most likely reason for departing a board was age, so the researchers concentratedon those “surprise”disappearances by directors under the age of 70. They fount t hat after a surprise departure, the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increased by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases, and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive, it does not m ean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship. Often they “trade u p.”Leaving riskier, smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks, even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives. Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmon s, once again very popular on campus.21. According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticized for .[A]gaining excessive profits[B]failing to fulfill her duty[C]refusing to make compromises[D]leaving the board in tough times22. We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be .[A]generous investors[B]unbiased executives[C]share price forecasters[D]independent advisers23. According to the researchers from Ohio University after an outside director’s sur prise departure, the firm is likely to .[A]become more stable[B]report increased earnings[C]do less well in the stock market[D]perform worse in lawsuits24. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors .[A]may stay for the attractive offers from the firm[B]have often had records of wrongdoings in the firm[C]are accustomed to stress-free work in the firm[D]will decline incentives from the firm25. The author’s attitude toward the role of outside directors is .[A]permissive[B]positive[C]scornful[D]criticalText 2Whatever happened to the death of newspaper? A year ago the end seemed near.The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the internet. Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom. America’s Federal Trade commission launched a round of talks ab out how to save newspapers. Should they become charitable corporations? Should t he state subsidize them ? It will hold another meeting soon. But the discussions now seem out of date.In much of the world there is the sign of crisis. German and Brazilian papers have shrugged off the recession. Even American newspapers, which inhabit the most trou bled come of the global industry, have not only survived but often returned to profi t. Not the 20% profit margins that were routine a few years ago, but profit all the same.It has not been much fun. Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overbo ard. The American Society of News Editors reckons that 13,500 newsroom jobs hav e gone since 2007. Readers are paying more for slimmer products. Some papers ev en had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs. Yet these desperate measures have proved the right ones and, sadly for many journalists, they can be pushedfurther.Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses, with a healthier mix of revenues from readers and advertisers. American papers have long been highly unusual intheir reliance on ads. Fully 87% of their revenues came from advertising in 2008, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development (OECD). In Japan the proportion is 35%. Not surprisingly, Japanese newspapers are much more stable.The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody, but much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspaper are least distinctive. Carand film reviewers have gone. So have science and general business reporters. Foreign bureaus have been savagely cut off. Newspapers are less complete as a result.But completeness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business.26. By saying “Newspapers like …their own doom”(Lines 3-4, Para. 1), the author indicates that newspaper .[A]neglected the sign of crisis[B]failed to get state subsidies[C]were not charitable corporations[D]were in a desperate situation27. Some newspapers refused delivery to distant suburbs probably because .[A]readers threatened to pay less[B]newspapers wanted to reduce costs[C]journalists reported little about these areas[D]subscribers complained about slimmer products28. Compared with their American counterparts, Japanese newspapers are much more stable because they .[A]have more sources of revenue[B]have more balanced newsrooms[C]are less dependent on advertising[D]are less affected by readership29. What can be inferred from the last paragraph about the current newspaper busi ness?[A]Distinctiveness is an essential feature of newspapers.[B]Completeness is to blame for the failure of newspaper.[C]Foreign bureaus play a crucial role in the newspaper business.[D]Readers have lost their interest in car and film reviews.30. The most appropriate title for this text would be .[A]American Newspapers: Struggling for Survival[B]American Newspapers: Gone with the Wind[C]American Newspapers: A Thriving Business[D]American Newspapers: A Hopeless StoryText 3We tend to think of the decades immediately following World War II as a time of prosperity and growth, with soldiers returning home by the millions, going off to college on the G. I. Bill and lining up at the marriage bureaus.But when it came to their houses, it was a time of common sense and a belief that less could truly be more. During the Depression and the war, Americans had learned to live with less, and that restraint, in combination with the postwar confidence in the future, made small, efficient housing positively stylish.Economic condition was only a stimulus for the trend toward efficient living. The ph rase “less is more”was actually first popularized by a German, the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who like other people associated with the Bauhaus, a school of design, emigrated to the United States before World War IIand took up posts at American architecture schools. These designers came to exert enormous influence on the course of American architecture, but none more so that Mies.Mies’s signature phrase means that less decoration, properly organized, has more im pact that a lot. Elegance, he believed, did not derive from abundance. Like other m odern architects, he employed metal, glass and laminated wood-materials that we take for granted today buy that in the 1940s symbolized the future. Mies’s sophisticated presentation masked the fact that the spaces he designed were small and efficient, rather than big and often empty.The apartments in the elegant towers Mies built on Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive, for example, were smaller-two-bedroom units under 1,000 square feet-than those in their older neighbors along the city’s Gold Coast. But they were popular because of their airy glass walls, the views they afforded and the elegance of the buildings’details and proportions, the architectural equivalent of the abstract art so popular at the time.The trend toward “less”was not entirely foreign. In the 1930s Frank Lloyd Wright s tarted building more modest and efficient houses-usually around 1,200 square feet-than the spreading two-story ones he had designed in the 1890s and the early 20th century.The “Case Study Houses”commissioned from talented modern architects by Californi a Arts & Architecture magazine between 1945 and 1962 were yet another homegrown influence on the “less is more”trend. Aesthetic effect came from the landscape, new materials and forthright detailing. In his Case Study House, Ralph everyday life –few American families acquired helicopters, though most eventually got clothes dryers –but his belief that self-sufficiency was both desirable and inevitable was wi dely shared.31. The postwar American housing style largely reflected the Americans’.[A]prosperity and growth[B]efficiency and practicality[C]restraint and confidence[D]pride and faithfulness32. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3 about Bauhaus?[A]It was founded by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.[B]Its designing concept was affected by World War II.[C]Most American architects used to be associated with it.[D]It had a great influence upon American architecture.33. Mies held that elegance of architectural design .[A]was related to large space[B]was identified with emptiness[C]was not reliant on abundant decoration[D]was not associated with efficiency34. What is true about the apartments Mies building Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive?[A]They ignored details and proportions.[B]They were built with materials popular at that time.[C]They were more spacious than neighboring buildings.[D]They shared some characteristics of abstract art.35. What can we learn about the design of the “Case Study House”?[A]Mechanical devices were widely used.[B]Natural scenes were taken into consideration[C]Details were sacrificed for the overall effect.[D]Eco-friendly materials were employed.Will the European Union make it? The question would have sounded strange not long ago. Now even the project’s greatest cheerleaders talk of a continent facing a “Bermuda triangle”of debt, population decline and lower growth.As well as those chronic problems, the EU face an acute crisis in its economic core,the 16 countries that use the single currency. Markets have lost faith that the euro zone’s economies, weaker or stronger, will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sharing a single currency, which denies uncompetitive members the quick fixof devaluation.Yet the debate about how to save Europe’s single currency from disintegration is st uck. It is stuck because the euro zone’s dominant powers, France and Germany, agree on the need for greater harmonization within the euro zone, but disagree aboutwhat to harmonies.Germany thinks the euro must be saved by stricter rules on borrow spending and c ompetitiveness, barked by quasi-automatic sanctions for governments that do not obey. These might include threats to freeze EU funds for poorer regions and EU mega-projects and even the suspension of a country’s voting rights in EU ministerial cou ncils. It insists that economic co-ordination should involve all 27 members of the EU club, among whom there is a small majority for free-market liberalism and economic rigour; in the inner core alone, Germany fears, a small majority favour French int erference.A “southern”camp headed by French wants something different: ”European economi c government”within an inner core of euro-zone members. Translated, that means politicians intervening in monetary policy and a system of redistribution from richerto poorer members, via cheaper borrowing for governments through common Eurobonds or complete fiscal transfers. Finally, figures close to the France government have murmured, curo-zone members should agree to some fiscal and social harmonization: e.g., curbing competition in corporate-tax rates or labour costs.It is too soon to write off the EU. It remains the world’s largest trading block. At its best, the European project is remarkably liberal: built around a single market of 27 rich and poor countries, its internal borders are far more open to goods, capital and labour than any comparable trading area. It is an ambitious attempt to blunt the sharpest edges of globalization, and make capitalism benign.36. The EU is faced with so many problems that .[A] it has more or less lost faith in markets[B] even its supporters begin to feel concerned[C] some of its member countries plan to abandon euro[D] it intends to deny the possibility of devaluation37. The debate over the EU’s single currency is stuck because the dominant powers.[A] are competing for the leading position[B] are busy handling their own crises[C] fail to reach an agreement on harmonization[D] disagree on the steps towards disintegration38. To solve the euro problem ,Germany proposed that .[A] EU funds for poor regions be increased[B] stricter regulations be imposed[C] only core members be involved in economic co-ordination[D] voting rights of the EU members be guaranteed39. The French proposal of handling the crisis implies that __ __.［A］poor countries are more likely to get funds［B］strict monetary policy will be applied to poor countries［C］loans will be readily available to rich countries［D］rich countries will basically control Eurobonds40. Regarding the future of the EU, the author seems to feel __ __.［A］pessimistic［B］desperate［C］conceited［D］hopeful【新题型】Part B Directions:(7 选5)In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions (41-45), choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Such a move could affect firms such as McDonald‟s, which sponsors the youth coaching scheme run by the Football Association. Fast-food chains should also stop offering “inducements”such as toys, cute animals and mobile phone credit to lure young customers, Stephenson said. Professor Dinesh Bhugra, president of the Royal College of Psychiatrists, said: “If childrenare taught about the impact that food has on their growth, and that some things can harm, at least information is available up front.”He also urged councils to impose “fast-food-free zones”around school and hospitals-areas within which takeaways cannot open.A Department of Health spokesperson said: “We need to create a new vision for public health where all of society works together to get healthy and live longer. This includes creating a new …responsibility deal‟with business, built on social responsibility, not state regulation. Later this year, we will publish a white paper setting out exactly how we will achieve this.”The food industry will be alarmed that such senior doctors back such radical moves,especially the call to use some of the tough tactics that have been deployed against smoking over the last decade.41.Andrew Lansley held that42.Terence Stephenson agreed43.Jamie Oliver seemed to believe that44.Dinesh Bhugra suggested that45.A Department of Health Spokesperson propsed that[A] “fat taxes”should be imposed on fast-food producers such as McDonald‟s.the government should ban fast-food outlets in the neighborhood of schools.[C] “lecturing”was an effective way to improve school lunches in England.[D] cigarette-style warnings should be introduced to children about the dangers of a poor diet.[E] the producers of crisps and candies could contribute significantly to the Change4Life campaign.[F] parents should set good examples for their children by keeping a healthy diet at home.[G] the government should strengthen the sense of responsibility among businesses.Section ⅢTranslation46. Directions:In this section there is a text in English. Translate it into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)Who would have thought that, globally, the IT industry produces about the same volume of greenhouse gases as the world‟s airlines do --- roughly 2 percent of all CO2 emissions?Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment. A Google search can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2, depending on how many attempts are needed to get the “right”answer. To deliver results to its users quickly, then, Google has to maintain vast data centres around the world, packed with powerful computers. While producing large quantities of CO2, these computers emit a great deal of heat, so the centres need to be well air-conditioned, which uses even more energy.However, Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency closely and make improvements. Monitoring is the first step on the road to reduction , but there is much more to be done, and not just by big companies.小作文真题：suppose your cousin LI MING has just been admited to a university writehim/her a letter to:(1)Congratulate him/her,and(2)give him/her suggestions on how to get prepared for university lifeyou should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. DO not sign your own name at the end of the letter,Use "zhangwe"小作文范文：Dear friend,I am writing to congratulate you on your being successfully admitted to Harvard University, which enjoys an international reputation for itsacademic excellence and give you some suggestions as to how to make preparation for the coming college life.In order for you to adapt yourself to the university life, you are advisedto get prepared physically and intellectually. First and foremost, youneed to build a strong body for the future academic pursuit, so you cantake some exercises during the breaks. Secondly, since the study inuniversity is more demanding than in your secondary school, you are highly suggested to find some introductory books from the library so as to havea good idea of the specialty you are going to take in your college life.Given your sound ability, you are sure to have a successful college life. Congratulate you again and wish you a fruitful college life.Sincerely yours,Zhang Wei2011 年考研英语二大作文真题：write a short essay baesd on the following chart.in your writing,youshould:1)interpret the chart and2)give your commentsyou should write at least 150 wrodswrite your essay on answer sheet 2(15points)2008、2009 年国内轿车市场部分【品牌份额示意图】2011 年考研英语二大作文范文This bar chart indicates different market shares of automobiles of threetypes of brand affiliations between 2008 and 2009.In 2008, cars with Japanese brands topped the three types of vehicles, accounting for 35% of the total market. What follows is the cars withChinese brands, hitting 25% of the auto market, with the share of American brand bottomed out at 15%. In 2009, some developments are noticeable inthat the cars with the largest share became those of Chinese brands, which occupied roughly 32% of the market, while cars with Japanese and American brands took 25% and 15% of the whole market respectively.It is observed that between 2008 and 2009, cars of Chinese and Japanese brands took turns to be the No.1 in terms of market share while those with American brands ranked the last in both years. And the share ofChinese-brand cars witnessed a mild increase and that of theJapanese-brand cars saw a moderate decrease, while the American-brandcars stayed the same.From this graph, we can come to the safe conclusion that the Chineseautomakers are doing a good job in outcompeting their Japanese andAmerican counterparts in 2009, but the gap is not so significant and ifno efforts were made from the part of the Chinese auto industry, thedistribution map might be rewritten in the future.分析：今年考研英语二的作文不是很难。

考研英语二2011作文范文第1篇As can be seen clearly from the chart, the market share taken by domestic car brands increased rapidly from 25% in 20008 to nearly 35% in 2009, while conversely, the market share owned by Japanese car brands dropped by 10% from 35% in 2008 to 25% in 2008. What’s more, the market share taken by American car brands is on the upward trend, from 10% to nearly 15%.Three reasons, in my opinion, can account for the changes in car market in these two years. First, the rise of Chinese cars is o f little surprise as we have seen Chinese enterprises’ commitment to developing self-owned technologies, which not only free them from potential risks, but also bring about long-term benefit. Second, Japanese cars, which used to be highly praised for their outstanding quality and superior stability, is now reeling from a crisis of confidence. Last, the improvement of American cars’ performance must be attributed to the smart marketing strategy employed by American sellers. They launched a lot of marketing campaigns designed specially for Chinese market, which won them applaud as well as benefit.In order to maintain the good momentum of development, domestic cars should on one hand stick to their self-independent policy, and on the other, learn some experiences from Japanese car’s failures and Americans’ success.推荐：沪江考研稍后会发布考研成绩查询、分数线等信息，届时请关注。

2011年研究生入学考试英语二真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text。

Choose the best word(s）for each numbered black and markA，B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1。

（10 points）"The Internet affords anonymity to its users — a boon to privacy and freedom of speech。

But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cybercrime that has 1 across theWeb.Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing a semblance of safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3？Last month，Howard Schmidt，the nation’s cyberczar，offered the Obama government a4 to make the Web a safer place - a “voluntary identify” system that would be thehigh-tech 5 of a physical key, fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled 6 one. Thesystem might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer, andwould authenticate users at a range of online services。