浅析地暖供热系统设计中英文对照

Ooctave||倍频程/ octave||倍频程octave band||倍频程oil cooler||油冷却器oill-fired unit heater||燃油热风器one-and-two pipe combined heating system||单双管混合式采暖系统one (single)-pipe circuit (cross-over) heating system||单管跨越式采暖系统one(single)-pipe heating system||单管采暖系统pne(single)-pipe loop circuit heating system||⽔平单管采暖系统one(single)-pipe seriesloop heating system||单管顺序式采暖系统one-third octave band||倍频程on-of control||双位调节open loop control||开环控制open return||开式回⽔open shell and tube condenser||⽴式壳管式冷凝器open tank||开式⽔箱operating pressure||⼯作压⼒operating range||作⽤半径opposed multiblade damper||对开式多叶阀organized air supply||有组织进风organized exhaust||有组织排风organized natural ventilation||有组织⾃然通风outdoor air design conditions||室外空⽓计算参数outdoor ctitcal air temperature for heating||采暖室外临界温度outdoor design dry-bulb temperature for summer air conlitioning||夏季空⽓调节室外计算⼲球温度outdoor design hourly temperature for summer air conditioning||夏季空⽓调节室外计算逐时温度outdoor design mean daily temperature for summer air conditioning||夏季空⽓调节室外计算⽇平均温度outdoor design relative humidityu for summer ventilation||夏季通风室外计算相对湿度outdoor design relative humidity for winter air conditioning||冬季空⽓调节室外计算相对湿度outdoor design temperature ture for calculated envelope in winter冬季围护结构室外计算温度outdoor design temperature ture for heating||采暖室外计算温度outdoor design temperature for summer ventilation||夏季通风室外计算温度outdoor design temperature for winter air conditioning||冬季空⽓调节室外计算温度outdoor design temperature for winter vemtilation||冬季通风室外计算温度outdoor designwet-bulb temperature for summer air conditioning夏季空⽓调节室外计算湿球温度outdoor mean air temperature during heating period||采暖期室外平均温度outdoor temperature(humidity)||室外温（湿）度outlet air velocity||出⼝风速out put variable||输出量overall efficiency of separation||除尘效率overall heat transmission coefficient||传热系数ouvrflow pipe||溢流管overheat steam||过热蒸汽overlapping averages||滑动平均overshoot||超调量。

地源热泵空调系统介绍G.S.H.P Air Conditioning System Introduction1. 地源热泵空调系统的概念G.S.H.P Air Conditioning System concept地源热泵的广义理解是指以一切与大地有关的能量作为冷热源的热泵，包括以地下水为冷热源的水源热泵、以池塘、河流和湖泊等为冷热源的地源热泵等。

这里所指的地源热泵是指狭义的理解，指利用大地作为热源，其通过地下换热器直接与大地土壤进行热交换，而不需要开采地下水的地源热泵。

由于在地表以下一定深度的地层中在未受干扰的情况下常年保持恒定的温度，远高于冬季的室外温度，又低于夏季的室外温度，这样地源热泵可克服空气源热泵的技术障碍，大大提高效率。

而且不需要开采地下水，这样可以消除水源热泵开采地下水所带来的不利影响。

The broad sense of GSHP refers to all the energy associated with the earth serves as a heat pump for cold and heat sources, including groundwater heat pump, cold and heat sources in ponds, rivers and lakes such as cold and heat source of ground source heat pump and ground source heat pump. Here refers to the narrow sense, refers to the use of the land as the heat source. Through the underground heat exchanger for heat exchange directly with the soil of the earth, without the need for GSHP exploitation of groundwater. Due to a certain depth below the surface of the formation constant keeps undisturbed conditions of temperature, far higher than the outdoor temperature in winter, and lower than the outdoor temperature in summer, the ground source heat pump can overcome the technique disorder of the air source heat pump, greatly improve the efficiency. And does not require the exploitation of groundwater, it can eliminate the adverse effects caused by the exploitation of groundwater source heat pump.此外，冬季通过热泵把大地中的热量升高温度后对建筑供热，同时使大地中的温度降低，即蓄存了冷量，可供夏季使用；夏季通过热泵把建筑物中的热量传输给大地，对建筑物降温，同时在大地中蓄存热量以供冬季使用。

供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程英语英语1. 供热工程英语词汇1.1 Central heating system 中央供暖系统1.2 Radiator 散热器1.3 Boiler 锅炉1.4 Heat exchanger 热交换器1.5 Thermostat 温控器1.6 Heat pump 热泵1.7 Underfloor heating 地暖1.8 District heating 集中供热1.9 Heat transfer 传热1.10 Insulation isolation 绝缘隔离2. 供燃气工程英语词汇2.1 Gas pipeline 天然气管道2.2 Gas meter 燃气表2.3 Gas leak detector 燃气泄漏探测器2.4 Gas appliances 燃气器具2.5 Gas regulator 燃气调压器2.6 Gas valve 燃气阀门2.7 Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) 液化石油气2.8 Natural gas 天然气2.9 Gas cooktop 燃气灶台2.10 Gas safety 燃气安全3. 通风工程英语词汇3.1 Ventilation 通风3.2 Air duct 风管3.3 Air purifier 空气净化器3.4 Exhaust fan 排气扇3.5 HVAC system 暖通空调系统3.6 Fresh air 新风3.7 Air circulation 空气循环3.8 Ventilation rate 通风率3.9 Indoor air quality 室内空气质量3.10 Ventilation design 通风设计4. 空调工程英语词汇4.1 Air conditioning 空调4.2 Split system 空调分体机4.3 Ductless air conditioner 无风管空调4.4 Chiller 冷水机组4.5 Air handler 空气处理器4.6 Cooling tower 冷却塔4.7 Thermostat 温控器4.8 Refrigerant 制冷剂4.9 HVAC technician 暖通空调技师4.10 Air conditioning maintenance 空调维护保养5. 结语以上就是部分供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程的英语词汇，这些词汇在工程施工、维护以及交流中都起到了非常重要的作用。

地源热泵系统中英⽂对照外⽂翻译⽂献中英⽂对照外⽂翻译(⽂档含英⽂原⽂和中⽂翻译)原⽂：Source heat pump system simulation and design abstract Summarized the recent years source heat pump system simulation and the design aspect research and the progress.First has given the source heat pump system various parts modelling aspect progress, including the vertical pipe installation geothermy heat interchanger, the single well circulatory system as well as several kind of assistance heat dissipating arrangement which uses in the place source heat pump mix system.Next, discusses the scene determination in-depth ground hot natural technology.Third, introduction vertical pipe installation geothermy heat interchanger design method.Finally, gives in the design source heat pump system uses the system simulation several application example. Key word:Heat pump; Geothermy heat interchanger; Hot nature; Mix system; Model; Design; Simulation1.synopses looked from thermodynamics viewpoint that, uses the source hotwork in the air-conditioning system for the heat source or the heat sink is appealing.This is because, looked from the whole year, its temperature ratio environment dry bulb or the wet-bulb temperature approach (needs) in the room the temperature.Based on this reason, the source heat pump system has the potential compared with the air source heat pump system in the high efficiency.In actual situation, source heat pump system because does not have the equipment to expose in exterior environment, the flower in the service aspect expense is quite low (Cane, et al. 19982.Although already had some source heat pump system technology to obtain thedevelopment in the Scandinavian peninsula, but in its commercial development use was actually does well in US.This is mainly is because already has a very big housing air-conditioning system market in US.Because its system has the low energy consumption and the low operating cost already proved has attracted very many/doc/8611489679.htmles electricity the peak value in American very many areas to be decided by the air conditioning electricity consumption. Enables some power equipment company regarding this reason to be interested very much to this system, they hoped through uses such system to reduce for the electric power demand.Some small business organization and the public department's already studied this kind of technology the application.The source heat pump system attracts some school manager as a result of it low operating cost, and has the more and more many school use.Already gave GHPC in US about the place source heat pump technology practical application some example research detail.3.Meets down in the paper in the part we first can give the source heat pumpsystem various parts modelling aspect progress, including the vertical pipe installation geothermy heat interchanger, the water source heat pump, the single well circulatory system as well as several kind of assistance heat dissipating arrangement which uses in the place source heat pump mix system.Because must design the underground heat interchanger first to have to understand the geothermy the attribute, this paper second part introducedbriefly the determination in-depth ground hot natural model, this method is by to measured the test hole temperature responded the scene test method expands comes.In the paper third part, will be able to introduce will design the vertical pipe installation geothermy heat interchanger with the software the method.Finally, gives in the design source heat pump system uses the system simulation several application example, including mixes the GSHP system and the frostproof GSHP system design.4.The 2.GSHP system model constitutes the GSHP system generally iscomposed by the water source heat pump and the underground heat interchanger, regarding mixes the GSHP system, but also includes several kind of assistance heat dissipating arrangement.These simulation equipment is covered in unde shuts the circulation underground heat interchanger to shut the circulation double barrel systems to be possible to use the horizontal pipe installation or the vertical pipe installation.Vertical pipe installation system as a result of it high heat transfer efficiency by people many uses.This kind of type closed cycle heat interchanger sets at into the diameter by a root is75mm~150mm the drill hole U tube is composed.These drill holes after set at into the U tube with the earth backfill which drills or, more universal, the entire kondow pads with the thin mud.Is in the milk usually is avoids the ground water the pollution moreover causing the heat transfer pipeline with to contact completely reaches the greatly good heat transfer effect.Is commonly used the diameter is the 22mm~33mmhigh density polyethylene manages (HDPE) in the system pipe installation.Punch depth generally between 30m~120m.Two kind of simulation complexity are very interesting.First, the survey underground heat interchanger user's smallest input design method is may take in the unit time.Next, its can forecast in for several hours (or short time curve) because the building load continuously change has what influence to the underground heat interchanger the simulation pattern also is also is may take.This theory permission and uses electricity the demand forecast to the system energy consumption.Because both method take has been presented by Eskilson(1987)development model as the foundation in this paper, the Eskison method could first discuss, then will be to by Yavuzturk and the Spitler development simulation pattern description. (1999)2.1.1 Eskison research techniquesEskison (1987) aims at the pair hole the ambient temperature distribution definite question solution uses the means which the logic analysis and the mathematical analysis unify.Regarding the initial condition and in the boundary condition constant even soil the pair hole related value establishment radial direction - axial coordinates, the use transient state finite difference equation carries on the two-dimensional value computation individually.The pipe wall and the mud and so on the individual drill hole essential factor calorific capacity is likely is neglected.The single drill hole temperature field through overlaps obtains the entire drill hole scope.The entire drill hole scope temperature response is transformed to a group of non-linear temperature feedback factor, was called makes the G- function.This G- function possibly causes the place pair opening wall temperature change situation computation which the specific heat input causes correspondingly with some time in into.As soon as passes through the drill hole scope the feedback to indicate to the steps and ladders quantity of heat feedback with the G- function that, any random temperature feedback function can because of let above a series of step function the temperature feedback/output decision, moreover superimposes to each gradient function feedback.This process expressed regarding four month-long temperature feedbacks by the graphical representation method in Figure 1.2.1.2 simulation model here said the simulation model majority of details already introduced by Yavuzturk and Spitler.In this paper will be able to give its brief description.This model essential target is the application in the construction energy analysis, this model can forecast the system energy consumption take each hour as the unit.This model nationality will consummate by the Eskilson theory develops is discussed in here.The Master G- function increased the forecast frequency to an hour several times.Eskilson uses for to determine the G- function the data model not to besuitable for the short time curve survey, uses another kind of data model to survey a place pair hole short time internal heat feedback/output pulse the temperature response.Regarding the short time in hot pulse, inside and outside the radial direction position pair hole hot shift affects the axial position hot shift is much bigger than.From this, has produced one kind of two-dimensional radial direction constant volume model.The details see also Yavuzturk, et al. (1999).2.2 vertical circular hole well vertical circular hole well uses in directly carrying on the heat change with the ground.One kind used for to study the vertical circular hole well performance the data model already to research and develop, it was composed by two parts: Pair hole constitution node model, in nearby ground water flowing and ground heat transfer constant volume model.This kind of model utilization including the heat transfer which causes to the ground water flowing is clear about processing (Rees, et al.2003).This kind of model may inspect vertical circular Kong Jing the performance in the use influence and the vital significance.Its performance is most has in following several parameters sensitively: Current capacity, pair hole length, ground heat conductivity and hydraulic pressure conductivity.2.3 water source heat pump Jin and Spitler(2002a) has invented one kind of parameter estimate water source heat pump model.This kind of model carries on the thermodynamic analysis to the freezing circulation, the specific heat exchange model is simpler, simultaneously is more precise than the freezing circulation compressor model.In the second paper (Jin, etal.2002b), carries on the expansion to this model, including maneuver type air compressor sub-model and use antifreeze step.In the manufacture manufacturer table of contents data narrated in model each kind of parameter which the multivariable optimization algorithm estimates.Jin(2002) in detail narrated the parameter which the multivariable optimization algorithm and /doc/8611489679.htmlpares the equation - being suitable type model which before then produces, the water source heat pump model is more precise.Jin(2002) also introduced one kind of similar water source heat pump model.In 2.4 mixed style GSHP system thermal compensation source heat pump system the pair hole cost is the system cost important part, but it mainly is decided by thelocal geology condition.This kind of equipment mainly uses in refrigerating in the building.Is bad in this kind of ground thermal conductivity, drill hole condition crude place, water source heat pump system cost quite expensive.For all this, we may adopt the primary cost with to be able the effect compromise means, reduces the pair hole scope, installs the assistance heat dissipating arrangement in the heat pump water pipe.Such system is called the mixed source heat pump system.In the mix system water pipe has each kind of different type heat dissipating arrangement, for instance the cooling tower, brings the heat interchanger shallow pool, the hydraulic pressure heating surface or is called the bridgelevel.Chiasson(2002a) has invented the shallow pool model, its principle is: Because shuts the circulation heat interchanger, needs to install the counter-flow heat transfer installment in the water level surface mounting natural heat transfer installment foundation.Chiasson(2000b) simultaneously also invented one kind to be suitable in the hydraulic pressure heating surface or is called the bridge level the finite difference model.This kind of model even can imitate the snow melting process.The above these model use experimental assistance heat dissipating arrangement, obtains the approval in Oklahoma State University.1.soil quantity of heat characteristic scene determination survey in-depthground heat conductivity regarding the place source heat pump system very important.The pair hole width length mainly is decided by in-depth ground hot nature.The determination in-depth ground heat conductivity traditional method is first definite around the pair hole the ground type.After the determination, may determine its heat conductivity through "Double barrel Heat pump System design Handbook" about the ground type material (EPRI1989).According to the report, in the ground information heat conductivity has a more widespread value, therefore could find one kind of more precise surveying to decide the ground heat conductivity method to be better. The in-depth ground heat conductivity cannot the immediate determinant, only be able to infer through the tepid transformation measuring method, but also must use some geothermy transmission pattern, for instance linear water source law (Ingersoll and Plass1948; Mogensen1983) orcylindrical water source law (Carslaw and Jaeger1947).Interesting is they alsohas the opposite use - - to determine its hot nature by the ground performance,but is not determines its performance by the ground hot nature.Although thelinear water source law and the cylindrical water source law may in turnutilize in the reckoning ground heat conductivity, but still needed to makesome simple hypotheses, because its influence result was not easy to/doc/8611489679.htmles the pair hole particular data model, to place pair holegeometry and thermal fluid, pipeline.The mud as well as the ground hotnature carries on the detailed description, may reduce the element of certaintywhich the simple hypothesis creates.Thus, can have a more precise estimate tothe geothermy conductivityThe ground temperature responded the analysis step has two basic types: Analytic method (Witte, et al.2002) and parameter estimate law (Austin1998; Austin et al.2000; Shonder and Beck1999).Witte et al(2002) uses the linear water source law and the indefinite analytic method carries on the scene test to the ground heat conductivity.The Austinet al(2000) parameter estimate law is surveys one with the vertical drill hole transient state two-dimensional data constant volume pattern known to change the time the heat flux input ground temperature response.The Nelder Mead simplex operation principle is used for to excavate the ground and the mud heat conductivity most valueable use, that is the temperature which surveys the experiment responded and the estimate temperature between responded the interpolation reduces the threshold. The survey ground heat conductivity test installation is by Eklof, Gehlin(1996) and Austin(1998) invents independently.Figure 5 is Austin et the al. (2000) invention test system schematic drawing.The test installation places in the trailer which may drive.The pair hole installment 50 hour experimental proofs by one is satisfied.Short experimental time suits the human regard extremely, moreover is possibly the subject which the future will study.译⽂：地源热泵系统的模拟与设计摘要：总结了近年来地源热泵系统的模拟和设计⽅⾯的研究和进展。

供热术语中英文对照版目录1. 基本术语5. 热力站与热用户1.1 供热5.1 热力站与中继泵站1.2 供热介质及其参数5.2 换热器1.3 供热系统5.3 热用户及其连接方式2. 热负荷及耗热量5.4 调节阀2.1 热负荷6. 水力计算与强度计算2.2 热指标和耗热量6.1 热网水力计算2.3 负荷图和热负荷延续时间图6.2 供热管道强度计算3. 供热热源7. 热水供热系统定压和水力工况3.1 供热热源7.1 热水供热系统定压3.2 锅炉房及其辅助设备7.2 水压图3.3 热电厂7.3 水力工况与热力工况4. 热网8. 供热调节、运行管理、试验及试运行4.1 热网8.1 调节4.2 供热管线8.2 运行管理4.3 供热管道敷设8.3 试验及试运行4.4 管道支座和支架4.5 保温和防腐4.6 热补偿基本术语供热供热heat-supply供热工程heat-supply engineering集中供热centralized heat-supply联片供热group heating区域供热regional heating城市供热municipal heat-supply城际供热interurban heat-supply分散供热decentralized heat-supply热化heat-supply based upon heat and power cogeneration热化系数share of cogenerated heat in maximum heating load 热化发电率cogeneration level热电联产heat and power cogeneration热电分产separate generation of heat and power供热规划development program of municipal heat-supply供热能力heating capacity供热半径range of heat-supply service供热面积area of heat-supply service集中供热普及率coverage factor of centralized heat-supply供热可靠性reliability of heat-supply system供热备用性能reservation characteristic of heat-supply system双向供热two-way heat-supply供热经济性economical effect of heat-supply供热成本cost of heat-supply供热标煤耗量specific fuel consumption chargeable to heat output发电标煤耗量specific fuel consumption chargeable to power generation供电标煤耗量specific fuel consumption chargeable to power output热价heat rates年节吨标煤净投资net investment for saving of one ton standard coal annually供热介质及其参数供热介质heating medium高温水high-temperature hot water低温水low-temperature hot water供水supply water回水return water生活热水domestic hot-water饱和蒸汽saturated steam过热蒸汽superheated steam二次蒸汽flash steam凝结水condensate沿途凝结水condensate in steam pipeline补给水make-up water供热介质参数parameters of heating medium设计供水温度design temperature of supply water设计回水温度design temperature of return water实际供热温度actual temperature of supply water实际回水温度actual temperature of return water最佳供水温度optimal temperature of supply water最佳回水温度optimal temperature of return water设计供回水温差design temperature difference between supply water and return water 实际供回水温差actual temperature difference between supply water and return water 最佳供回水温差optimal temperature difference between supply water and return water 供水压力pressure of supply water回水压力pressure of return water供汽温度temperature of supply steam供汽压力pressure of supply steam供热系统供热系统heat-supply system热电厂供热系统heat-supply system based upon heat-power cogeneration plant区域锅炉房供热系统heat-supply system based upon heating plant工业余热供热系统heat-supply system based upon industrial waste heat地热供热系统heat-supply system based upon geothermal energy垃圾焚化厂供热系统heat-supply system based upon garbage incineration plant低温核供热系统heat-supply system based upon low temperature nuclear reactor热水供热系统hot-water heat-supply system低温水供热系统low-temperature hot water heat-supply system高温水供热系统high-temperature hot water heat-supply system闭式热水供热系统closed-type hot-water heat-supply system开式热水供热系统open-type hot-water heat-supply system蒸汽供热系统steam heat-supply system凝结水回收系统condensate return system开式凝结水回收系统open-type condensate return system闭式凝结水回收系统closed-type condensate return system余压凝结水回收系统back-pressure condensate return system重力凝结水回收系统gravity condensate return system加压凝结水回收系统forced condensate return system混合式凝结水回收系统combined condensate return system热负荷及耗热量热负荷热负荷heating load设计热负荷design heating load最大热负荷maximum heating load实际热负荷actual heating load基本热负荷base heating load尖峰热负荷peak heating load季节性热负荷seasonal heating load供暖热负荷space-heating load供暖设计热负荷design space-heating load供暖期供暖平均热负荷average space-heating load during heating period通风、空调热负荷heating load for ventilation and air-conditioning通风设计热负荷design heating load for ventilation供暖期通风平均热负荷average heating load for ventilation during heating period空调设计热负荷design heating load for air-conditioning供暖期空调平均热负荷average heating load for air-conditioning during heating period常年性热负荷year-round heating load生产工艺热负荷process-heating load热水供应热负荷hot-water heating load热水供应最大热负荷maximum hot-water heating load热水供应平均热负荷average hot-water heating load平均热负荷系数heat-supply load factor最大热负荷利用小时数number of working hours based on maximum load热负荷小时变化系数hourly variation factor of heating load同时使用系数diversity factor热指标和耗热量热指标heating load data for load estimation供暖面积热指标space-heating load date per unit floor area供暖体积热指标space-heating load data per unit building volume通风体积热指标space-heating load data per unit building volume热水供应热指标heating load data per unit of hot-water usage耗热量heat consumption年耗热量annual heat consumption供暖年耗热量annual heat consumption on space-heating通风、空调年耗热量annual heat consumption on ventilation and air-conditioning生产工艺年耗热量annual heat consumption on process heating热水供应年耗热量annual heat consumption on hot-water supply耗热定额heat consumption quota单位产品耗热定额heat consumption quota per unit of product平均小时耗汽量average hourly steam consumption最大小时耗汽量maximum hourly steam consumption热水供应小时用热量hourly heat consumption on hot-water supply热水供应设计小时耗水量design hourly demand of hot-water负荷图和热负荷延续时间图热负荷图heating load diagram日负荷图hourly variation graph of heat consumption in one day月负荷图daily variation graph of heat consumption in one month年负荷图monthly variation graph of heat consumption in one year热水供应昼夜耗水量图hourly variation graph of domestic hot-water consumption in one day 热负荷延续时间图heating load duration graph供热热源供热热源供热热源heat source of heat-supply system锅炉房boiler plant区域供热锅炉房regional heating plant热电厂cogeneration power plant工厂自备热电厂factory-owned cogeneration power plant核能热电厂nuclear-powered cogeneration power plant低温核能供热堆low-temperature nuclear heating reactor工业余热industrial waste heat热泵heat pump基本热源base-load heat source峰荷热源peak-load heat source备用热源standby heat source锅炉房及其辅助设备供热锅炉heating boiler锅炉辅助设备boiler auxiliaries送风机forced draft fan引风机induced draft fan除尘器dust trap锅炉给水泵boiler feed-water pump热水锅炉循环水泵boiler circulation pump热网补水泵make-up water pump of heat-supply network热网循环水泵circulation pump of heat-supply network调速水泵variable speed pump备用泵standby pump蓄热器heat-storing device锅炉水处理boiler water treatment锅外水处理boiler feed-water treatment锅水加药处理boiler water conditioning真空除氧vacuum deaeration热力除氧thermo-deaeration解吸除氧desorption deoxidization化学除氧chemical deoxidization热电厂涡轮机turbine燃气轮机gas turbine汽轮机steam turbine凝汽式汽轮机condensing turbine供热式汽轮机cogeneration turbine背压式汽轮机back-pressure turbine抽汽式汽轮机extraction turbine抽汽背压式汽轮机back-pressure turbine with intermediate bleed-off 基本加热器primary calorifier尖峰加热器peak-load calorifier减压减温装置desuperheater恶化真空运行operating with reduced vacuum汽轮机抽汽extracted steam from turbine汽轮机抽汽压力pressure of extracted steam from turbine热网热网热网heat-supply network蒸汽热网steam heat-supply network单管制蒸汽热网one-pipe steam heat-supply network双管制蒸汽热网two-pipe steam heat-supply network多管制蒸汽热网multipipe steam heat-supply network热水热网hot-water heat-supply network闭式热水热网closed-type hot-water heat-supply network开式热水热网open-type hot-water heat-supply network单管制热水热网one-pipe hot-water heat-supply network双管制热水热网two-pipe hot-water heat-supply network多管制热水热网multipipe hot-water heat-supply network一级管网primary circuit二级管网secondary circuit枝状管网tree-shaped heat-supply network环状管网ring-shaped heat-supply network管网选线route selection of heat-supply network供热管线供热管线heat-supply pipeline干线main line主干线trunk main支干线main branch支线branch line供水管water supply pipe回水管water return pipe热网连通管interconnecting pipe in heat-supply network热水供应循环管hot-water circulation pipe管线沿途排水管blind drains under heating pipeline供热管路附件fittings and accessories in heating pipeline关断阀shut off valve分段阀sectioning valve放水阀drain valve放水装置drain valve connections放气阀vent valve放气装置vent valve connections疏水器steam trap疏水装置steam trap connections启动疏水装置warming-up condensate drain-off connections经常疏水装置normal operating condensate drain-off connections供热管道敷设供热管道敷设installation of heating pipeline地上敷设above-ground installation地下敷设underground installation管沟敷设in-duct installation直埋敷设directly buried installation无补偿直埋敷设directly buried installation without expansion joint套管敷设casing pipe installation隧道敷设in-tunnel installation管沟pipe duct通行管沟walkway duct半通行管沟crawl duct不通行管沟unpassable duct管沟事故人孔safety exit of pipe duct管沟安装孔installation hole of pipe duct检查室inspection well检查室人孔inspection well manhole集水坑gully pit操作平台operating platform覆土深度thickness of earth-fill cover管道支座和支架管道支座pipe support固定支座fixing support活动支座movable support滑动支座sliding support滚动支座roller support管道支架pipeline trestle高支架high trestle中支架medium-height trestle低支架low trestle固定支架fixing trestle活动支架movable trestle悬吊支架pipe-hanging trestle弹簧支（吊）架spring hanger导向支架guiding trestle附墙支架pipe bracket刚性支架rigid trestle柔性支架flexible trestle铰接支架hinged-type trestle独立式支架simple trestle悬臂式支架cantilever support梁式支架beam support桁架式支架trussed support悬索式支架suspended support保温和防腐保温insulation填充式保温loosely filled insulation灌注式保温poured insulation涂抹式保温pasted insulation捆扎式保温wrapped insulation缠绕式保温wound insulation预制式保温prefabricated insulation保温结构insulation construction整体保温结构integral insulation construction可拆卸式保温结构detachable insulation construction保温层insulation layer保温材料insulation material保温层伸缩缝expansion seam of insulation layer保护层protective cover管道热损失pipeline heat loss允许热损失permissible heat loss直线管道热损失straight pipe heat loss局部热损失local heat loss局部热损失当量长度equivalent length of pipe for local heat loss局部热损失系数coefficient of local heat loss供热管道保温效率insulation efficiency of heat-supply pipeline保温层经济厚度economical thickness of insulating layer管道允许温度降allowable temperature drop of heating medium in pipeline 防腐anticorrosion protection防腐涂层anticorrosion coating热补偿热补偿compensation of thermal expansion补偿器compensator for thermal expansion自然补偿self-compensation弯管补偿器expansion bend方形补偿器U-shaped expansion joint套筒补偿器sleeve expansion joint球型补偿器ball joint compensator波纹管补偿器bellows type expansion joint热伸长thermal expansion补偿器冷紧cold-pull of expansion joint补偿器冷紧值amount of cold-pull补偿器热补偿值amount of compensated thermal expansion补偿器补偿能力compensating capacity of expansion joint热力站与热用户热力站与中继泵站热力站substation区域热力站branch-line substation小区热力站area substation用户热力站consumer substation民用热力站civil substation工业热力站industrial substation中继泵booster pump中继泵站booster pump station混水装置water admixing installation混水泵mixing pump水喷射器water ejector蒸汽喷射器steam injection pump凝结水泵condensate pump分水器supply water distribution header集水器return water collecting header除污器strainer调压孔板orifice plate旁通管bypass pipe分汽缸steam distribution header减压阀pressure reducing valve安全阀safety valve安全水封water seal热水储水箱hot-water storage tank二次蒸发箱flash tank凝结水箱condensate tank开式凝结水箱open-type condensate tank闭式凝结水箱closed-type condensate tank换热器直接加热direct heating间接加热indirect heating换热器heat exchanger表面式换热器surface heat exchanger管式换热器tubular heat exchanger管壳式换热器shell-and-tube heat exchanger套管式换热器concentric tube heat exchanger板式换热器plate heat exchanger混合式换热器direct contact heat exchanger淋水式换热器cascade heat exchanger喷管式换热器jet-pipe heat exchanger汽-水换热器steam-water heat exchanger水-水换热器water-water heat exchanger容积式换热器volumetric heat exchanger快速换热器instantaneous heat exchanger热管式换热器heat-pipe heat exchanger换热器污垢修正系数fouling coefficient of heat exchanger热用户及其连接方式热用户heat consuming installation供暖热用户space-heating installation通风、空调热用户ventilation and air-conditioning installation热水供应热用户hot-water supply installation生产工艺热用户process-heating installation工业用热单位industrial heat user热力人口consumer heat inlet热用户连接方式connecting method of consumer with heat-supply network 直接连接direct connection简单直接连接simple direct connection混水连接water-mixing direct connection混合系数admixing coefficient间接连接indirect connection调节阀调节阀control valve自动调节阀automatic control valve自力式调节阀self-operated control valve非自力式调节阀external power operated control valve流量调节阀flow control valve温度调节阀temperature control valve压力调节阀pressure control valve阀前压力调节阀upstream-pressure controller阀后压力调节阀downstream-pressure controller调节阀流通能力flow coefficient of regulating valve调节阀流量特性flow characteristics of regulating valve水力计算与强度计算热网水力计算热网水力计算hydraulical analysis of heat-supply network最大允许流速allowable maximum velocity允许压力降allowable pressure drop计算主干线calculated main最不利用户环路most unfavorable circuit最不利管路most unfavorable steam supply main平均比摩阻average specific frictional head loss经济比摩阻optimal specific frictional head loss比压降specific pressure drop管路阻力特性系数flow-resistance characteristic coefficient of pipeline用户阻力特性系数flow-resistance characteristic coefficient of consumer heating system 热网设计流量design flow of heat-supply network热网实际流量actual flow of heat-supply network热网总循环流量circulation flow of heat-supply network热网事故工况流量emergency quantity of flow in abnormal condition热水供应平均流量average flow of domestic hot-water supply热水供应最大流量maximum flow of hot-water supply失水率rate of water loss补水量rate of water make-up事故补水量rate of emergency water make-up补水率make-up water percentage最大凝结水量maximum condensate flow凝结水回收率condensate recovery percentage满管流full-section pipe-flow非满管流partly-filled pipe-flow两相流two-phase flow供热管道强度计算供热管道强度计算mechanical analysis of heat-supply pipes钢材许用应力allowable working stresses of steel许用外载综合应力allowable combined stress due to external load许用补偿弯曲应力allowable bending stress due to thermal compensation许用合成应力allowable resultant stress热态应力验算stress checking for design operation condition冷态应力验算stress checking for non-operation condition轴向温度应力axial temperature stress管道轴向荷载axial load on pipe管道水平荷载axial load on horizontal pipe管道自重self weight of pipeline管道内压力不平衡力unbalanced force from internal pressure补偿器反力reaction force from thermal compensator固定支座轴向推力axial thrust on fixing support固定支座水平推力horizontal thrust on fixing support固定支座轴向水平荷载horizontal axial loads of fixing support固定支座侧向水平荷载horizontal lateral loads of fixing support管道挠度bending deflection of pipe管道最大允许挠度allowable maximum bending deflection of pipe固定支座间距distance between adjacent fixing supports活动支座间距spacing of movable supports固定支座最大允许间距allowable maximum distance between fixing supports活动支座最大允许间距allowable maximum spacing between movable supports无补偿直埋管道锚固段anchored section of directly buried pipeline土壤约束作用soil restraint action土壤约束度系数coefficient of soil restraint热水供热系统定压和水力工况热水供热系统定压定压方式pressurization methods膨胀水箱定压pressurization by elevated expansion tank补给水泵定压pressurization by make-up water pump补给水泵连续补水定压pressurization by continuously running make-up water pump 补给水泵间歇补水定压pressurization by intermittently running make-up water pump 旁通管定压pressurization by bypass pipe氮气定压pressurization by nitrogen gas空气定压pressurization by compressed air蒸汽定压steam pressurization蒸汽锅筒定压pressurization by steam cushion in boiler drum外置膨胀罐蒸汽定压pressurization by steam cushion in external expansion tank淋水式换热器蒸汽定压pressurization by steam cushion in cascade heat exchanger 定压点pressurization point定压装置pressurization installation水压图水压图pressure diagram设计水压图design pressure diagram运行水压图operation pressure diagram事故工况水压图pressure diagram in abnormal operation condition供暖期水压图pressure diagram during heating period非供暖期水压图pressure diagram during nonheating period静水压图static pressure line动水压图operation pressure line供水管动水压线operation pressure line of supply pipeline回水管动水压线operation pressure line of return pipeline凝结水管水压图pressure diagram of condensate pipeline汽化压力saturation steam pressure工作压力working pressure允许压力maximum permissible pressure富裕压力safety pressure margin充水高度height of consumer heating system资用压头available head用户预留压头available pressure head in the consumer汽化water ebullition倒空drop of water level in consumer heating system超压overpressure水力工况与热力工况水力工况hydraulic regime设计水力工况design hydraulic regime运行水力工况operation hydraulic regime事故水力工况emergency hydraulic regime水力稳定性hydraulic stability水力稳定性系数coefficient of hydraulic stability水力失调hydraulic misadjustment水力失调度degree of hydraulic misadjustment一致失调monotonous hydraulic misadjustment等比失调equiproportional hydraulic misadjustment不等比失调nonequiproportional hydraulic misadjustment不一致失调nonmonotonous hydraulic misadjustment热用户热力失调thermal misadjustment of consumer heating system热用户垂直热力失调vertical thermal misadjustment of consumer heating system热用户水平热力失调horizontal thermal misadjustment of consumer heating system 供热调节、运行管理、试验及试运行调节调节regulation运行调节operation regulation集中调节centralized regulation局部调节localized regulation质调节constant flow control量调节variable flow control分阶段改变流量的质调节centralized control with flow varied by steps间歇调节control by intermittent operation间歇运行intermittent mode operation初调节initial adjustment水温调节曲线temperature adjustment curve流量调节曲线flow adjustment curve运行管理热网调度管理dispatching management of heat-supply network热网调峰管理dispatching management of heat-supply network during peakload period 供热系统集中监控centralized monitoring and control of heat-supply system热网优化运行optimum operation of heat-supply network联网运行joint operation of heat-supply networks运行巡视operational inspection热网维修repair and maintenance of heat-supply network热网中修medium repair of heat-supply network热网大修major repair of heat-supply network热网故障damage accident of heat-supply network热网事故breakdown accident of heat-supply network汽水冲击steam-water shock供热系统水击water hammer of heat-supply system试验及试运行水压试验pressure test供热管道强度试验strength test of heat-supply network管道系统严密性试验leakage test of heat-supply network热网温度试验hot-state strength test of heat-supply network管道清洗purging of heat-supply pipeline热网试运行trial operation of heat-supply network。

采暖通风与空气调节术语标准中英文对照随着社会的发展和人民生活水平的提高，采暖通风与空气调节技术得到了广泛应用。

这项技术中包含了一些专业术语，这些术语对于专业人士来说非常重要。

因此，在这篇文章中，我们将会介绍一些采暖通风与空气调节术语标准中英文对照，以便于大家更好地理解和应用这些专业术语。

一、采暖术语标准中英文对照：1. 供暖系统：heating system2. 暖通空调：heating ventilation and air conditioning(HVAC)3. 热力：thermal energy4. 采暖：heating5. 传热：heat transfer6. 燃气采暖：gas heating7. 热泵采暖：heat pump heating8. 暖气片：radiator9. 电采暖：electric heating10. 中央空调：central air conditioning二、通风术语标准中英文对照：1. 通风机：ventilator or fan2. 通风系统：ventilation system3. 排气扇：exhaust fan4. 送风口：air outlet, air diffuser5. 归风口：air intake6. 变风量系统：Variable Air Volume System（VAV）7. 新风机组：fresh air handling unit8. 正压通风：positive pressure ventilation9. 负压通风：negative pressure ventilation 10. 局部通风系统：local exhaust ventilation system三、空气调节术语标准中英文对照：1. 空气调节：air conditioning2. 温度：temperature3. 湿度：humidity4. 压力：pressure5. 风量：air volume6. 空气过滤器：air filter7. 空气处理单元：AHU (Air Handling Unit)8. 冷却塔：cooling tower 9. 风管：air duct 10. 避免凝露：prevent condensation总结：本文介绍了一些采暖通风与空气调节术语标准中英文对照，这些术语在实际应用中非常重要。

地暖辅材专业中英文对照地暖辅材是指在地暖系统安装过程中所需要使用的材料和设备。

地暖辅材主要包括地暖管材、地暖辅材管件、地暖钉、地暖支架、地暖绝缘材料等。

它们是地暖系统安装过程中不可或缺的重要组成部分。

地暖辅材种类繁多，每种材料都有其独特的特点和用途。

下面将对地暖辅材的种类、特点和用途进行详细介绍。

一、地暖管材地暖管材是用于输送热水或其他加热介质的管道，它是地暖系统中最基本的组成部分。

地暖管材主要有PVC地暖管、PE地暖管、铝塑复合管等。

1. PVC地暖管PVC地暖管是一种以聚氯乙烯树脂为原料加工制成的管道。

它具有耐腐蚀、耐热、耐压、耐磨损等特点，适用于地暖系统中输送温水或热水。

2. PE地暖管PE地暖管是一种以聚乙烯为原料加工而成的管道。

它具有耐腐蚀、耐高温、柔韧性好等特点，适用于地暖系统中输送温水或热水。

3. 铝塑复合管铝塑复合管是一种由铝层和塑料层复合而成的管道。

它既具有铝的坚固性和耐腐蚀性，又具有塑料的柔韧性和耐高温性能，适用于地暖系统中输送温水或热水。

二、地暖辅材管件地暖辅材管件是用于连接地暖管材的部件，它包括弯头、三通、四通、变径管等。

地暖辅材管件主要有PVC管件、PE管件、铜管件等。

1. PVC管件PVC管件是一种以聚氯乙烯为原料加工而成的管道连接部件。

它具有耐腐蚀、耐热、耐压等特点，适用于地暖系统中连接PVC地暖管。

2. PE管件PE管件是一种以聚乙烯为原料加工而成的管道连接部件。

它具有耐腐蚀、耐高温、柔韧性好等特点，适用于地暖系统中连接PE地暖管。

3. 铜管件铜管件是一种以铜为原料加工而成的管道连接部件。

它具有良好的导热性和耐腐蚀性，适用于地暖系统中连接铝塑复合管。

三、地暖钉地暖钉是用于固定地暖管材的部件，它可以有效防止地暖管材的移位和漏水。

地暖钉主要有塑料地暖钉、钢地暖钉等。

1. 塑料地暖钉塑料地暖钉是一种以塑料为原料制成的固定地暖管材的部件。

它具有耐腐蚀、耐高温、抗压等特点，适用于地暖系统中固定PVC地暖管和PE地暖管。

地暖外文翻译Floor Heating Is the radiant floor heating to warm the short in English Radiant Floor Heating based on theentire surface of heat sink through the radiant floor layer of the thermal coal uniform heatingthroughout the ground using ground-based heat storage and heat up their own law of radiation bythe next First to conduction to achieve the purpose of heating. 地暖地暖是地板辐射采暖的简称，英文为Radiant Floor Heating，是以整个地面为散热器，通过地板辐射层中的热媒，均匀加热整个地面，利用地面自身的蓄热和热量向上辐射的规律由下至上进行传导，来达到取暖的目的。

First what is to warm ince the formation of foot to head indoors gradually decreasing the temperature gradientwhich gives a head cold feet warm comfort. Floor radiant heating in line with traditional Chinesemedicine quotwarm enough and the top coldquot fitness theory is the most comfortable heating methodbut also a symbol of modern quality of life. 一、什么是地暖由于在室内形成脚底至头部逐渐递减的温度梯度，从而给人以脚暖头凉的舒适感。