英文参考文献
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英文参考文献引用格式有两种:APA格式和MLA格式。
1、APA格式:APA(American Psychological Association)是一种标明参考来源的格式,主要使用在社会科学领域及其他学术准则中,国内很多期刊也是采用的APA格式。
APA文内注的参考文献格式是:“(作者姓氏,发表年份)”。
APA文末的参考文献目录格式是:Reference List, 必须以姓(Family name)的字母顺序来排列,基本结构为:期刊类:【作者】【发表年份】【文章名】【期刊名】【卷号/期数:起止页码】Smith,J.(2006).The title of the article.The title of Journal,1,101-105。
非期刊类:【作者】【发表年份】【书籍名】【出版地:出版社】Sussan.G.(2002).What computers can't do.New York:Harp&Row。
2、MLA格式:MLA是美国现代语言协会(Modern Language Association)制定的论文指导格式,多用于人文学科(Liberal Arts)。
MLA文内注的基本格式:“(作者姓氏,文献页码)”。
MLA文末的参考文献目录格式:在MLA格式中称为Works Cited,同样是以姓(Family name)的字母顺序来排列,基本结构为:期刊类:【作者】【“文章名”】【期刊名】【卷号或期数】【发表年份】起止页码】Nwezeh,C.E.“The Comparative Approachto Modern African Literature.”Year book of General and Comparative Literature28(1979):22。
非期刊类:【作者】【书籍名】【出版地:出版社】【发表年份】Winfield,Richard w in Civil Society.Madison:U of Wisconsin P,1995。
用Times New Roman。
每一条目顶格, 如某一条目超过一行,从第二行起“悬挂缩进”2字符。
参考文献中所有标点与符号均在英文状态下输入,标点符号后空一格。
参考文献条目排列顺序:英文文献、中文文献、网络文献。
分别按作者姓氏字母顺序排列。
文献前不用序号。
1)英文参考文献(1)专著与编著排列顺序为:作者姓、名、专著名、出版地、出版社、出版年。
例如:Brinkley, Alan. The Unfinished Nation. New Y ork: Knopf, 1993.专著名中如果还包含其他著作或作品名,后者用斜体。
例如:Dunn, Richard J ed. Charlotte Brontë: Jane Eyre. New Y ork: Norton, 1971.A.两个至三个作者第一作者的姓在前,名在后,中间用逗号隔开;其余作者名在前,姓在后,中间无逗号;每个作者之间用逗号隔开,最后一个作者的姓名前用“and”,后用句号。
例如:Rowe, Richard, and Larry Jeffus. The Essential Welder: Gas Metal Arc Welding Classroom Manual. Albany: Delmar, 2000.B. 三个以上作者第一作者姓名(姓在前,名在后,中间加逗号)后接“et al.”,其他作者姓名省略。
例如:Randall, John et al. Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1997.C. 同一作者同一年出版的不同文献,参照下例:Widdowson, Henry G. EIL: Squaring the Circles. A Reply. London: Lomgman, 1998a.Widdowson, Henry G. Communication and Community. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998b.(2)论文集参照下例:Thompson, Pett. “Modal V erbs in Academic Writing”. In Ben Kettlemann & Marko, Henry ed. Teaching and Learning by Doing Corpus Analysis. NewY ork: Rodopi, 2002: 305-323.(3)百科全书等参考文献参照下例:Fagan, Jeffrey. “Gangs and Drugs”.Encyclopedia of Drugs, Alcohol and Addictive Behavior. New Y ork: Macmillan, 2001.(4)学术期刊论文参照下例:Murphy, Karen. “Meaningful Connections: Using Technology in Primary Classrooms”. Y oung Children. 2003, (6): 12-18.(5)网络文献参照下例:----“Everything Y ou Ever Wanted to Know About URL” .</searchday/article.php/3398511>.2)中文参考文献(1)专著参照下例:皮亚杰.结构主义[M].北京:商务印书馆,1984.(2)期刊文章参照下例:杨忠,张韶杰.认知语音学中的类典型论[J].外语教学与研究,1999,(2):1-3.(3)学位论文参照下例:梁佳.大学英语四、六级测试试题现状的理论分析与问题研究[D].湖南大学,2002.(4)论文集参照下例:许小纯.含义和话语结构[A].李红儒.外国语言与文学研究[C].哈尔滨:黑龙江人民出版社,1999:5-7.(5)附录。
参考文献中英文格式
当涉及到引用参考文献时,不同的学科领域和期刊会有不同的要求和规范。
一般来说,英文参考文献的格式遵循着作者、文章标题、期刊名、出版日期和页码等信息的排列顺序。
下面是一些常见的参考文献格式示例:
期刊文章:
英文格式,Author(s). (Year). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume number(issue number), page range.
中文格式,作者. (年份). 文章标题. 期刊名称, 卷号(期号), 页码范围。
书籍:
英文格式,Author(s). (Year). Title of book. Publisher.
中文格式,作者. (年份). 书名. 出版社。
网页:
英文格式,Author(s). (Year). Title of webpage. Site name. URL (Accessed date).
中文格式,作者. (年份). 网页标题. 网站名称. 网址 (访问日期)。
这只是一些常见的引用格式示例,具体的要求可能会因期刊或学术机构的要求而有所不同。
在撰写学术论文或提交文章时,最好参考目标期刊的官方引用格式指南,以确保引用格式符合要求。
Introduction:The field of sustainable development has gained significant attention in recent years, as the global community seeks to balance economic growth with environmental conservation and social equity. This summary aims to provide a comprehensive overview of selected references that discuss various aspects of sustainable development, including its definitions, challenges, and potential solutions.1.Definition and Conceptual Framework:Several references provide a foundational understanding of sustainable development. According to the Brundtland Commission (1987), sustainable development is "development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs." This definition highlights the intergenerational equity aspect of sustainable development. Renzetti and Volpe (2019) further explain that sustainable development encompasses three pillars: economic, social, and environmental.2.Challenges and Barriers:The pursuit of sustainable development faces numerous challenges and barriers. In their article, Gereffi et al. (2019) discuss the role of global value chains in perpetuating unsustainable practices. They argue that the fragmented nature of global production networks often leads to environmental degradation and social inequality. Similarly, Kaczan and Swain (2018) identify the lack of political will and insufficient policy frameworks as major barriers to achieving sustainable development goals.3.Policy and Governance:Policy and governance play a crucial role in facilitating sustainable development. Chatterji and Ranganathan (2017) explore the effectiveness of various policy instruments, such as regulations, incentives, and voluntary agreements, in promoting sustainable practices. They conclude that a combination of these instruments is necessary to achieve meaningful change. Furthermore, Patten and Young (2018) discuss theimportance of stakeholder engagement and participatory governance in shaping sustainable development policies.4.Economic and Social Dimensions:The economic and social dimensions of sustainable development areclosely intertwined. In their study, Safra and Swilling (2019) examine the role of the green economy in achieving sustainable development goals. They argue that a shift towards a green economy can lead to job creation, poverty reduction, and environmental conservation. Additionally, Inderbitzin and Gertler (2018) explore the social impacts of sustainable development, emphasizing the importance of inclusivity and socialjustice in achieving sustainable outcomes.5.Environmental Aspects:The environmental pillar of sustainable development is vital forensuring the well-being of future generations. In their article, Groombridge et al. (2019) discuss the state of biodiversity and the importance of preserving ecosystems. They highlight the urgent need for conservation efforts to address the loss of biodiversity. Furthermore, Angelsen et al. (2018) explore the role of land-use change incontributing to climate change and the need for sustainable land management practices.6.Potential Solutions and Innovations:Several references discuss potential solutions and innovations that can contribute to sustainable development. In their book, Chopra and Garg (2019) propose a framework for sustainable urban development, emphasizing the importance of infrastructure, transportation, and green spaces. Additionally, Chirwa and Ranganathan (2018) discuss the role of technology in promoting sustainable development, highlighting the potential of renewable energy and digitalization.Conclusion:This summary provides an overview of selected references on sustainable development, covering its definitions, challenges, and potentialsolutions. The diverse range of topics discussed in these references underscores the complexity of achieving sustainable development. It is essential for policymakers, researchers, and stakeholders to collaborate and adopt a multidisciplinary approach to address the challenges and realize the vision of a sustainable future.。
英语论文参考文献精选3篇英语论文参考文献精选1篇英文及其它语种的文献在前,中文文献在后,参照以下标准执行。
期刊论文Bolinger, D. 1965. The atomization of word meaning [J]. Language 41 (4): 555-573.朱永生,2006,名词化、动词化与语法隐喻[J],《外语教学与研究》(2):83-90。
论文集论文Bybee, J. 1994. The grammaticization of zero: Asymmetries in tense and aspect systems [A]. In W. Pagliuca (ed.). Perspectives on Grammaticalization [C]. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 235-254.文秋芳,2003a,英语学习者动机、观念、策略的变化规律与特点 [A]。
载文秋芳、王立非(编),《英语学习策略实证研究》[C]。
西安:陕西师范大学出版社。
255-259。
网上文献Jiang, Yan. 2000. The Tao of verbal communication: An Elementary textbook on pragmatics and discourse analysis [OL]. (accessed 30/04/2006).王岳川,2004,当代传媒中的网络文化与电视批评[OL], (2005年11月18日读取)。
专著Bloomfield, L. 1933. Language [M]. New York: Holt.吕叔湘、朱德熙,1952,《语法修辞讲话》[M]。
北京:中国青年出版社。
译著Nedjalkov, V. P. (ed.). 1983/1988. Typology of Resultative Constructions, trans. Bernard Comrie [C]. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.赵元任,1968/1980,《中国话的文法》(A Grammar of Spoken Chinese)[M],丁邦新译。
英文参考文献引用格式字体在撰写学术论文、研究报告等文献中,引用参考文献是非常重要的一环。
而英文参考文献引用格式的字体也是需要注意的。
一般来说,英文参考文献引用格式中的作者、标题、书名、期刊名等需要用斜体字体来标注,而其他部分则使用正常字体。
以下是一些常见的英文参考文献引用格式样例:1. 书籍作者. 书名. 出版地:出版社,出版年.例子:Smith, J. The Theory of Gravity. New York: Random House, 2010.2. 章节作者. “章节标题.”编辑. 书名. 出版地:出版社,出版年,页码.例子:Brown, K. “Recent Advances in Solar Technology.”In Smith, J. (ed.), The Science of Solar Energy. London: Springer, 2015, pp. 78-92.3. 期刊文章作者. “文章标题.”期刊名,卷号(期号),页码,出版年.例子:Jones, A. “The Effects of Climate Change on Biodiversity.” Nature, 524(7565), pp. 92-95, 2016.4. 学术论文作者. “论文标题.”学术期刊名,卷号(期号),页码,出版年.例子:Johnson, S. “The Role of Education in Economic Development.” Journal of Economic Education, 47(2), pp. 120-135, 2016.总之,了解英文参考文献引用格式中的字体使用规范非常重要,能够使得文献引用更加准确、规范、专业化。
毕业论文英文参考文献论文的参考文献是在英语专业论文写作过程中,对某一著作或论文的整体的参考或借鉴。
征引过的文献在注释中已注明,不再出现于文后参考文献中。
下面是店铺带来的关于毕业论文英文参考文献的内容,欢迎阅读参考!毕业论文英文参考文献(一)[1]徐安律.原住民小说《圆屋》获美国国家图书奖[N].中华读书报,2012(004).[2]Coulombe,JosephL.ReadingNativeAmericanLiterature[M\. NewYork:Routledge,2011.[3]Erdrich,Louise.TheRoundHouse\M\.NewYork:HarperCollin sPublishers,2012.[J].作家,2013(12):1.[4]杨恒.弱者的失语法律的缺位--评美国国家图书奖获奖作品《圆屋》[J].博览群书,2013(6):84-88.[5]Said,Edward.CultureandImprerialism[M].NewYork:Vintage Books,1994.[6]Erdrich,Louise.LoveMedicine[M],NewYork:HarperPerennia l,1993.[7]罗世平.凝视:后殖民主义文学折射[J].国外文学,2006(4):122.[8]任一鸣.《后殖民:批评理论与文学》[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2008.[9]Halliday,Lisa.LouiseErdrich[J].ParisReview,2010(52):133-137.[10]温语晴.书写印第安文化的温暖和困境一美国当代作家路易丝·厄德里克和她的作品.[11]陈榕.《凝视》[A].《西方文论关键词》[C].ed.赵一凡.北京:外语教学与研究出版社,2011.[12]Russo,Maria.Disturbing the spirits[i]. New York TimesBook Review, 2012(10): 9[13]Said, Edward. Culture and Imprerialism[M]. New York: Vintage Books,1994.[14]Fanon,Frantz. The Wretched of the Earth[M]. New York: Grove Press,1968.[15]徐安律.原住民小说《圆屋》获美国国家图书奖[N].中华读书报,2012(004).毕业论文英文参考文献(二)[1] 陈鹏.高速公路服务区及收费站建筑节能研究[D].中南大学,2007[2] 清华大学建筑节能研究中心.中国建筑节能年度发展研究报告[M]2014.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2014:39[3] 李慧玲.绿色建筑理念下的高速公路服务区建筑设计研究[D].西安:长安大学,2011[4] 公通字[2009]46 号.民用建筑外保温系统及外墙装饰防火暂行规定[S].新乡市建筑工程质量监督站印发.2009[5] 汤旭东.建筑工程中的现浇聚苯复合材料屋面保温技术[J].江西建材,2014,(11):45[6] 杨欣霖.高速公路服务区绿色建筑技术体系研究[D].西安:长安大学,2011[7] 欧志华,郭俊明.浅谈我国建筑节能50%设计标准的含义[J].建筑节能,2007,35(12):60-62[8] 邹惠芬,王国业,郭立杰等.严寒地区窗户热工性能对建筑能耗的影响分析[J].沈阳建筑大学学报(自然科学版).2009,25(5):982-986[9] 崔洪军,刘孔杰.国外服务区建设及研究现状[J].中国交通报,2008,(12):138-139[10] 郎松军.建筑结露的起因和防治方法初探[J].四川建筑,2002,22(Z1):201-203[11] 王金奎,史慧芳,邵旭.体形系数在公共建筑节能设计中的应用[J].低温建筑技术,2010,(5):98-99[12] 王丽颖,丘雨佳.对德国被动式居住建筑节能技术的考察[J].长春工程学院学报,2013,14(3):38-40[13] 赖有志,陆京海,杨军霞,张童.现浇轻质泡沫混凝土在屋面工程中的应用[J].施工技术.2011,40(14):79-94毕业论文英文参考文献(三)[1]蒋花,史志康.整合与对话一论《金色笔记》中的戏仿[J].当代外国文学,2007(2):78.[2]黄梅.女人的危机和小说的危机--女人与小说杂谈之四[J].读书,1988(01):5.[3]孙宗白.真诚的女作家多丽丝·莱辛[J].外国文学研宄,1981(3):70.[4]施旻.《金色笔记》是女性主义文本吗·一关于多丽丝·莱辛及其《金色笔记》的论争[J].东岳论丛,2000(5): 132-134.[5]李福祥.多丽丝·莱辛笔下的政治与妇女主题[J].外国文学评论,1993(4):40-43[6]黎会华·多丽丝·莱辛《金色笔记》中的现代主义技巧分析[J].外语研究,2003(6):73.[7]陈才宇,刘新民.金色笔记[M].北京:译林出版社,2000.[8]黎会华·解构菲勒斯中心:构建新型女性主义主体一《金色笔记》的女性主义阅读[J].浙江师范大学学报,2004(3):33.[9]韩小敏,纪卫宁.析伍尔夫与莱辛文学创作的相似性[J].理论专刊,2004(8):125-126.[10]姜红.有意味的形式[J].外国文学,2003(4):96-98.[11]徐燕.《金色笔记》的超小说艺术[J].宁波大学学报,2003(3):78-80[12]蒋花,史志康.整合与对话一论《金色笔记》中的戏仿[J].当代外国文学,2007(2):78.[13]卢婧.《金色笔记》的艺术形式与作者莱辛的人生体验[D].南京师范大学博士学位论文,2008.[14]佘海若.迟来的正义:被缚的自由女性一记2007年诺贝尔文学奖[J].今日科苑,2007(23): 19-24.[15]刘颖.建构女性的主体性话语一评多丽丝·莱辛的《金色笔记》[J].邵阳学院学报,2004(4).[16]范晓红.从《金色笔记》解读多丽丝·莱辛的生态整体观[D].南京师范大学,2011.[17]Brewster, Dorothy. Doris Lessing\M\. New York: Wayne, 1965: 161.[18]Spilka, Mark. Lessing and Lawrence: the Battle of theContemporary Literature,1975(16): 218-240.。
英语论文参考文献[1] samour, l.a. and r.e porter. intercultural communication: a reader (5thed) [m].wadsworth publishing co., 1988.[2] goodman k. s. reading: a psycholinguistic guessing game [j]. journal of reading, 1976.[3] anderson rc. frame works for comprehending discourse [j]. american educational research journal, 1997,14: 369.[4] 胡文仲小编. 文化艺术与人际交往[m]. 北京市:外语教学与研究出版社,1994.[5] 肖健硕. 英文学习方法[m]. 北京市:现代出版社,1997.[6] 马博森. 课堂教学中的话语分析方式,外国语教育探索[m]. XX年第2期63-66页.[7] 廖道胜.中国学生英文阅读中的人文阻碍,英语教学[m]. XX年第4期73-77.biographical datawang lin, holds a doctorate in comparative literature and is vice-professor and dean of the english department of foshan university. he specializes in english literature and translation. he teaches english reading, translation, english literature, english poetry and has translated more than twenty english fictional and non-fictional works, such as aesops fables, the black pearl, the naturalism, the president lady, and oscar wilde and his fairy tales. he has published over ten academic papers, among the major ones; a study on dubin's life, a study on translating criticism of creation society, oscar wilde and tian han,and a plan to explore the oral english teaching for students of non-english major.英语专业论文论文选题可分成下列好多个课程方位一、词汇学(语言学一般基础理论的科学研究);二、英美文学(英美文学的文化教育、著作研究等);三、翻译学(翻泽理论和实际讨论、译版科学研究及其名人名篇翻泽著作比照科学研究等);四、英美文化(美国英国加澳新等欧美国家文化艺术及其与中国文化的比较研究);五、教学方式(英语教学法、检测学等领域的科学研究)。
英文参考文献标准格式且使用斜体。
请参考举例(3)举例: (3)Smith。
J。
(2002)。
The XXX。
Journal of Environmental Science。
15(2)。
45-58.c).如果文献是电子文献,请参考举例(4)举例: (4)Johnson。
M。
(2010)。
The effects of social media on XXX参考文献:1.Doe。
J。
(2001)。
XXX。
94(3)。
10-20.2.Gao。
Y。
(2003)。
The role of government in economic development。
Beijing: China Press.3.Mettam。
G。
R。
& Adams。
L。
B。
(1994)。
How to prepare an electronic n of your article。
In B。
S。
Jones & R。
Z。
Smith (Eds.)。
n to the electronic age。
New York: E-Publishing Inc。
pp。
281-304.4.Smith。
J。
(1958)。
The effects of n on marine life。
Science。
125(3212)。
20-25.When writing academic papers。
it is important to follow the APA format。
which XXX n。
This format is required for those in the social sciences。
For journal articles。
an example of the APA format is: Van der Geer。
J。
Hanraads。
J。
A。
J。
& Lupton R。
A。
(2000)。
The art of writing a scientific article。
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