语法讲义( 冠词)
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语法课讲义(一)
一 学习目标
1 不定冠词和定冠词的功能
2 零冠词的几种情况
二 知识要点
1 冠词在数量上只有3个,分类如下:
不定冠词(a/an)
冠词
定冠词(the)
使用方法:冠词不是单用词,其后必须跟名词,中间可加修饰词。
三 具体应用
不定冠词
1位置 单数可数名词前
2 方法 a+辅音音素 an+元音音素
功能
1 表示“一”这个数量概念
a book 一本书 a chair 一把椅子 a university 一所大学
an orange 一个橙子 an hour 一个小时 an egg 一个鸡蛋
2 表示“每一”这个频率概念
I go to school five days a week. She usually cleans her house twice a week.
The pork is 20 yuan a kilo.
3 使抽象内容具体化
have a cold=catch a cold 感冒 have a good time 玩得开心
不定冠词的常用短语
a knife and fork 一副刀叉 want a go 试一下 as a result 因此
in a word 总之 take a break 休息一会儿 all of a sudden 突然
as a matter of fact 事实上 have a swim 游泳
take a walk = go for a walk 散步
定冠词
定冠词的功能与使用
1 上文提到过的人或物再次提到
There is a man. The man has a hen. The hen gives him a golden egg every day.
This is a yo-yo and the yo-yo is Tom’s.
2 特指双方都明白的人或物
Look at the blackboard. The girl in pink is my sister.
in the east in the south in the west in the north
on the right on the left
in the past at the present in the future
3 宇宙间“独一无二”的天体名称之前
the sky the moon the sun the earth the world
4 the 加姓的复数代表某某一家人,永远都当复数看
The Whites are watching TV now.
Mr. Kings often visit their neighbor on weekend.
5 the 用在乐器名称前
play the guitar play the piano play violin
6 the加形容词代表一类人或事物 通常谓语动词用复数
the old 老人 the young 年轻人 the poor 穷人
The old need our help and care. 老人需要我们的帮助和关怀。
定冠词的常用短语
in the middle of 在…中间 in the morning/ afternoon/ evening
to tell the truth 说实话 break the ice 打破沉默 all the time 总是;一直
the day after tomorrow 后天 the day before yesterday 前天
零冠词
1 泛指某一类人或事物全体的名词复数或不可数名词前不加冠词。
Men,animals and plants have life. 人类,动物和植物都有生命。
Water is important for men. 水对人类非常重要。
2 人名、地名、校名、班级、年级、门牌号前不加冠词
This is Mr. Smith. 这是史密斯先生。I am in Class One Grade Two. 我在一年二班。
I live in China. 我住在中国。
3 月份、星期、季节泛指时其前不加冠词
I was born in July. 我在6月份出生。 It is Monday today. 今天星期一。
People like winter in Harbin very much. 人们喜欢哈尔滨的冬天。
4 表示语言、学科、运动竞技项目的名词前不加冠词。
I speak Chinese and he speaks French.
We study Chinese,English,math,PE and so on at school.
Lucy likes playing basketball and Lily likes playing chess.
零冠词的常用短语
neck and neck 齐头并进 hand in hand 手拉手 shoulder to shoulder 肩并肩
have breakfast/lunch/supper(dinner) on time 按时 in time及时 by chance 偶然