高考英语阅读专项练习-猜测词义题

一、 猜测词义题

1. 通过定义或释义猜测词义 一般可通过定义、定语从句等来确定需要猜测的词的词义，这类

词大多是专有名词、生僻词汇或短文中较为重要的词汇，为了让读者能够正确理解它们，作者会作出定义和解释性的说明。

The Jet d'Eau and the Flower Watch are the main attractions

every year for the tourists visiting Geneva. The Jet d'Eau has become the symbol of Geneva for a long time. This is a 140 meters

high water monument with a rich history. Eight 13,500-watt projects light the grand column（圆柱） of the fountain in the evening. From

early March until the second Sunday of October...

Question: The “Jet d'Eau” in the paragraph refers to ________. A. the water fountain

B. the English Garden C. a new scene with electric lighting

D. the name of a famous watchmaker 2. 通过对比猜测词义 作者通常用however, but, on the other hand, on the contrary,

instead of, while等表示转折的词形成相互对比、相互对照的效果，考生可以根据这些词语推断所出现的需要猜测的词语的意思。

Now, here are some simple ways you can produce less waste at

work. When you are at the copier, only make the copies you need. Use both sides of the paper when writing something less important. Turn off your lights when you leave. Use a lower watt bulb（灯泡） in

your lamp. Drink your coffee or tea out of your mugs instead of

single-use cups. Set up a recycling box for cans and one for bottles.

Question: The underlined word “mugs” is most likely to be

________. A. machines that makes coffee

B. containers that can be used again and again C. paper products for tea

D. something that can only be found in an office 3. 通过因果关系猜测词义 考生可以通过分析事件的结果，推测出可能造成这种结果的原因；

或者通过事物的原因，推测出其结果。

If left to himself, he would have whistled life away in perfect

satisfaction; but his wife was always mad at him for his idleness （懒散）. Morning, noon, and night, her tongue was endlessly going,

so that he was forced to escape to the outside of the house—the

only side which, in truth, belong to a henpecked husband. Question: The underlined words “henpecked husband” in the

paragraph probably mean a man who ________.

A. likes hunting B. is afraid of hens C. loves his wife D. is afraid of his wife 4. 通过构词法猜测词义 英语单词的构词法主要有三类：合成法、派生法和转化法。英语

单词很多是由词根、词头（前缀）、词尾（后缀）所构成的派生词。词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前面或后面

加前缀或后缀，可以引申或转变原词的意义。前缀改变词根的意思，

后缀改变词性。

I was on the way to a personal-injury accident in West Nashville. As I got onto Highway 40, blue lights and sirens （警笛） going, I fell

in behind a gold Pontiac Firebird that suddenly seemed to take off

quickly down the highway. The driver somehow panicked at the

sight of me. He was going more than a hundred miles an hour and began passing cars on the shoulder ... and later I knew he had no

license. Question: The meaning of “panicked” in the passage is related

to ________.

A. shame B. hate C. anger D. fear 5. 通过标点符号猜测词义 破折号通常起解释、说明、补充的作用；冒号有时用来列举事物

或加以解释；引号内的词语可能有特别意义；斜体字可能代表书名、

刊物名和歌曲名等等。 Why? The children of Heimaey are going to save young

puffins—small black-and-white seabirds. Question: The puffin is ________.

A. a kind of plant B. a kind of sea bird C. a kind of sea fish D. a kind of cat 二、 记叙文类

记叙文以写人、记事、状物为主要内容，包括故事、小品、通讯、特写等。为准确理解文章内容，把握好作者的态度观点，在做此类阅

读理解时要注意以下几点： 1. 把握好记叙文“六要素”

“六要素”指时间、地点、人物、事件的起因、经过和结果。抓住它

们，有助于把握文章的结构，弄清中心事件，更好地理解文章内容。但是，有时文章不接交代“六要素”，需要根据上下文去推断。

2. 抓住线索，掌握布局 记叙文的线索，是贯穿全文的一条主线，它是作者展开文章内容、

安排情节的思路、手段。可以从记叙的顺序(时间的先后或空间的转

移)、情节的发展和表达方式的变换等几个方面考虑。只有理清线索，才能对全文布局做到心中有数，把握好文章的结构特点，更好地理解

全文。 3. 综合归纳，明确中心

记叙文的中心是通过对人或事的描述来表达的。写人为主的，主

要是通过人物的言行进行分析和归纳；叙事为主的，主要是对事件的起因、经过与结果进行分析和归纳；以记叙为主，结合议论、抒情的

文章，其中心思想往往在议论、抒情的句子中点明。有些记叙文的开头，往往开门见山地揭示中心思想。当然，更多文章的中心思想蕴含

在记叙和描写之中，需要仔细分析揣摩。

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Emmanuel Jal was eight when he was given a gun and trained

to fight. By the time he was 13, he had been in two wars. Today, the

former child soldier is becoming Kenya's hottest rap singer. His songs mix messages of peace with Jal's personal story.

When war reached Jal's small village, the Sudan People's Liberation Army (the SPLA), ordered children to be sent to UN-run refugee camps （难民营） in Ethiopia.

“Then we were taken away from the camp to the bush for training.” he says. Jal could only manage a small AK-47. They were

really excited to learn how to use a gun. When the SPLA broke up, 13-year-old Jal and a group of 400

fellow soldiers decided to join the enemy. They believed they would

be treated better. The boys carried enough corn and flour for a month, the time they thought it would take to reach safety. But,

three months later, they were still marching. Human bodies were the only food to eat. “There was a night when my friend died and I was persuaded to eat him the next day,” Jal says. “We had no

choice.” But by the time they arrived at their destination only 12 of the boys had survived.

Jal was picked out from the group of homeless children by Emma McCune, a young British woman who worked for the