高考英语专题复习《阅读理解专题猜测词义》

专题限时检测(二十一)阅读理解词义猜测类之单词意义猜测题

(加★的为单词意义猜测题，本卷限时23分钟)

A

(2017·南京市四校联考)As seniors in college looking forward to life's next

goals — graduation and employment — it is important to have a sense of feeling

important. Every time I look through job listings, there is a small, and sometimes

not so small current running through my mind, spitting out little charges that are

meant to stop me from even applying. The charges come in the form of words that seem

to shout out like “It is not even worth trying！” or “Laugh out loud and look

as if you were a qualified man ...”

I met with a professor last week about a specific posting that really got me

excited. Maybe for the first time I could actually imagine myself in a position.

I did not want to tell anyone of the other seniors about it because then there would

be more people applying for it. However, the professor said to me, “You and thousands

- 1 - 最新高考英语阅读理解专题指导－猜测词义题

在阅读中我们经常会遇到许多生词。这时许多同学立即翻阅词典，查找词义。这样做不但费时费力，而且影响阅读速度、影响对语篇的整体把握。事实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都有联系。我们可以利用语境（各种已知信息）推测、判断某些生词的词义。近年来全国统一高考中加大了对考生猜词义能力的考查，因此，掌握一定的猜词技巧，对突破高考阅读理解、提高我们的英语语言能力都有非常重要的意义。

常见的题干有：

1) Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word？

2) The word... could best be replaced by.

3) In the... paragraph, the word... means (refers to).

4) According to the passage,... probably means.

5) The author uses the word... to mean.

猜测词义时，一般可利用以下四个方面的线索：

一是针对性的解释

针对性解释是作者为了更好的表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或高深的词汇等所做的通俗化的解释。这些解释提供的信息明确具体，所使用的语言通俗易懂，利用它们来猜测词义就非常简单。

1.根据定义（definition）猜测词义

如果生词有一个句子（定语从句或是同位语

say, in other words, namely, or other, say, i.g. 等>或是同位语从句）或段落来定义,或使用破折号，冒号，分号后的内容和引号括号中的内容加以解释和定义，那么理解这个句子或段落本身就是推断词义。定义常用的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered,

第 1 页 共 4 页 初二英语 阅读理解专题2——猜测词义

考查猜测词义的出题方式有：

1. The underlined word “land” in the last paragraph probably means “____” in Chinese.

2. The underlined word “detour” in the fifth paragraph means “____” in Chinese.

3. The word “satiated” in the second paragraph can best be replaced by “____”.

4. The word “presumptuous” in the middle of the passage is the closest in meaning to “____”.

【秘笈1】通过词根、词缀推测生词的含义。 一般前缀改变词义,后缀改变词性。

例如： act v. 做(词根) → active adj. 积极的；活跃的

tell v.说；告诉(词根) → retell v. 重复；复述

● 前缀 ●后缀

【秘笈2】 通过上下文推测生词的含义

● 同义法 利用解释推测生词的意思。

(1) 用动词或词组be, mean, refer to给出前面生词的含义。例如：

Equipment refers to the things that are needed for a particular purpose or activity. (设备)

You know what a siddur is? It’s a Jewish book. (犹太教的祈祷书)

(2) 通过举例的方法给出生词的含义。例如：

After a day of hunting, Harold was ravenous. He ate two bowls of soup, a salad, a large chicken,

词义猜测题

A

(2018·北京，D)

Preparing Cities for Robot Cars

The possibility of self－driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist’s dream，years away from materializing in the real world. Well，the future is apparently

now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for

companies to test truly self－driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared

the way for companies to sell or rent out self－driving cars，and for companies to

operate driverless taxi services. California，it should be noted，isn’t leading the

way here. Companies have been testing their vehicles in cities across the country.

It’s hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however

long it takes，the techno－logy has the potential to change our transportation systems

and our cities，for better or for worse，depending on how the transformation is