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动词的语态英语基础语法知识点汇总动词的语态是动词的一种形式,表示主语和谓语之间语法或语义的关系，许多同学都掌握得不好。
让我们一起学习吧!以下小编为大家编辑的动词的语态英语基础语法知识点汇总，欢迎大家阅读！1 动词的语态语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。
主语是动作的发出者为主动语态;主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。
1)若宾语补足语是不带to 的不定式，变为被动语态时，该不定式前要加"to"。
此类动词为感官动词。
feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watchThe teacher made me go out of the classroom.--> I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher).We saw him play football on the playground.--> He was seen to play football on the playground.2)情态动词+ be +过去分词，构成被动语态。
Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry.琴声悠悠550字1 let 的用法1)当let后只有一个单音节动词，变被动语态时，可用不带to 的不定式。
They let the strange go.---> The strange was let go.2) 若let 后宾补较长时，let 通常不用被动语态，而用allow或permit 代替。
The nurse let me go to see my classmate in the hospital.----> I was allowed / permitted to see my classmate in the hospital.2 短语动词的被动语态短语动词是一个整体，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。
易错点07 动词的时态和语态目录01 易错陷阱（4大陷阱）02 举一反三【易错点提醒一】一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时易混易错点【易错点提醒二】一般过去时和过去完成时易混易错点【易错点提醒三】现在完成时和过去完成时易混易错点【易错点提醒四】主动语态与被动语态易混易错点03 易错题通关易错陷阱1：一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时易混易错点。
【分析】【高考链接】（2023年浙江卷1月）The large siheyuan of these highranking officials and wealthy businessmen often________ (feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子).【答案】featured【解析】考查动词时态。
句意：这些高级官员和有钱商人的高大的四合院，通常以雕刻精美和被粉刷的房顶横梁和柱子为特点。
分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填谓语动词，再结合and后动词时态可知，空格处应用一般过去时。
故填featured。
易错陷阱2：一般过去时和过去完成时易混易错点。
【分析】1.下列动词hope、wish、expect、think、intend、mean、suppose等，用过去完成时表示“原本……(事实上未能……)”。
2.This/It/That was the first/second/third ... time that ...表示“这/那是(某人)第几次做某事”，that从句中要用过去完成时。
3.hardly ... when ...和no sooner ... than ...两个句型中，主句均用过去完成时。
易错陷阱3：现在完成时和过去完成时易混易错点。
【分析】易错陷阱4：主动语态和被动语态易混易错点。
【分析】➢受母语干扰，翻译上下文时混淆被动语态与主动语态。
➢混淆谓语动词被动语态构词be+done与非谓语动词重点过去分词done。
必过07 被动语态距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。
以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
考点一被动语态的构成(以do为例)考点二被动语态的用法1.不知道谁是动作的执行者,或没有必要指明谁是动作的执行者。
—The window is dirty.——窗户脏了。
—I know.It hasn’t been cleaned for weeks.——我知道。
好几周没擦了。
2.需要强调或突出动作的承受者或事件本身。
All the employees except the manager are encouraged to work online at home.除了经理以外,所有的雇员都被鼓励在家网上办公。
特别提示“get+过去分词”也可以表示被动,此结构比较口语化。
She got married last week.她上周结婚了。
The patient got treated once a week.那位病人一周得到一次治疗。
（一）动词的时态时态动词是谓语动所表示的动作或情况发生时间的各种形式。
英语动词有16种时态，但是常用的只有9种：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时、现在完成进行时。
下面分别介绍。
1、一般现在时的用法（do/does）1）表示经常性、习惯性的动作；表示现在的状态、特征和真理。
句中常用often, usually, every day, sometimes, every week/year, twice aweek 等时间状语。
例如：a. He goes to school every day.b. He is very happy.c.The earth moves around the sun.2) 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。
例如：a. If you come this afternoon, we’ll have a meeting.b. When I graduate, I’ll go to countryside.3) 有时这个时态表示按计划、规定, 按时间表要发生的动作（句中都带有时间状语），但限于少数动词，如：begin, come, leave, go ,arrive, start , stop, return, open, close等。
例如：a.the meeting begins at seven.b.the rain starts at nine in the morning.4) 表示状态和感觉的动词(be, like, hate, think, remember, find, sound 等)常用一般现在进行时。
a.i like english very much.b.the story sound very interesting.5) 书报的标题、小说等情节介绍常用一般现在时。
2.一般过去时的用法(did)1）表示过去某时间发生的事、存在的状态或过反复发生的动作。
语法专题（七）动词的时态和语态【考点过关训练】根据句意,用括号中所给词的适当形式填空1.Shewantstoknowifthereaflowershownextweek.（be）2.Ithebookfortwoweeks.（keep）3.Theydinneratthistimeyesterday.（have）4.Ifittomorrow,wewon’tgoswimming.（rain）5.—Turnofftheradio,dear.Tomissleeping.—Thereisnoneed.Heup.（wake）6.Someoneatthedoor.Canyouopenit?（knock）7.WhenIgothomeyesterdayafternoon,ithard.（rain）8.Alltheteacherswilltotheparty.（invite）9.Thesebooksmustinthebookcase.（put）10.Hewasmadehishometown.（leave）11.Manytreesinmyhometowneveryyear.（plant）12.Chinesestyleroadcrossingisabadhabitandmust.（prevent）13.Pleasesay“I’mhere”whenyourname.（call）14.Thepaperisfrombamboo.（make）15.HaveyouheardthatsomepeopletoMarsinafewyears?（send）16.Shelikestheskirtbecauseitsoft.（feel）17.Heyet.Whatdoyouthinkhashappenedtohim?（notcome）18.—Howoftendoesyourfatherexercise?—Hethreetimesaweek.（exercise）19.Sandy’sgrandparentsfor50years.（marry）20.Iamreallysorry.Iyouwerecomingthisearly.（notknow）【语法综合演练】动词的时态单项填空1.[2018·昆明]—Howwasthevolleyballgameyesterday?—Oh,itwasfantastic!Wesomuchfun.A.haveB.hadC.arehavingD.willhave2.[2018·云南]Jackashowerwhenhismotherranghimup.A.takesB.hastakenC.istakingD.wastaking3.[2017·云南]—Whatdoyouthinkofyourhometown,Kate?—Italot.It’smorebeautifulthanbefore.A.haschangedB.changesC.willchangeD.change4.[2017·曲靖]—DoyouknowwhenNickisleaving? —Heforhalfanhour.A.willleaveB.leftC.hasleftD.hasbeenaway5.[2017·昆明]—DidyoudoanythinginterestinglastSunday? —Notreally.Ijustathome.A.stayB.stayedC.willstayD.amstaying6.[2016·云南]—CanJohnplaysoccerwithus,Mrs.Black? —Onemoment,please.Heonthephonetohiscousin.A.talksB.talkedC.talkingD.istalkingⅠ.单项填空1.—Anewshopfornearlyaweek.Let’shavealookthere. —Goodidea.Butitdoesn’tonMondays.A.opened;openedB.hasbeenopened;openC.hasopened;openedD.hasbeenopen;open2.Look!Thoseboyssoccerontheplayground.A.wereplayingB.playingC.areplayingtheD.areplaying3.—Mingming,youTVforthreehours.Youshouldhavearest. —OK,Mom.A.havewatchedB.arewatchingC.watchesD.watched4.—Willyougotothecinemawithmetomorrow?—Sorry,IskatingwithTom.A.goB.wentC.havegoneD.willgo5.—Whyareyouworried?—I’mexpectingacallfrommydaughter.SheNewYorkforthreedays.A.hasgonetoB.hasbeentoC.hasbeeninD.hascomein6.—Whatdidyoudolastnight?—ITVandreadbooks.A.watchB.watchedC.havewatchedD.waswatching7.—Lookatthesestamps.Ithemforfiveyears.—Wow,theyarewonderful.A.keptB.havekeptC.haveboughtD.hadbought8.—Doyouknowwhotookthestudentstotheoldpeople’shome,Tony? —Well,Mr.Smith.A.tookB.doesC.didD.do9.—I’dlikeyoutotellmesomethingabouttheSummerPalace.—I’msorry.ButneitherJacknorIthere.A.havebeenB.hadbeenC.havegoneD.hasgone10.—Weallwenttothecinemaexceptyoulastnight.Whydidn’tyoucome?—BecauseIthatmovietwice.A.havewatchedB.hadwatchedC.waswatchingD.wouldwatchⅡ.根据句意,用括号中所给词的适当形式填空11.ThewatercoolwhenIjumpedintothepoolformorningexercise.（feel）12.Trustme.Iitbetweenyouandme,Ipromise.（keep）13.HesaidthatPeterhadfinishedtheworkwhenMr.Whitein.（come）14.—Whydidn’tyouanswermycall?—Iashower.ButIcalledyoubackassoonasIgotout.（take）15.Mybrothertheearlybustoschooleveryday.（catch）eandjoinus.（be）17.Look!TheGreensgamestogetherinthepark.Whatahappyfamily!（play）18.Thefilmonfortenminutesbeforewewenttothecinema.（be）19.—Isthelittlebabyinthisphotome,Dad?—Yes,itis.Andnowyouintoayoungman.Wheredoesthetimego,huh?（grow）20.Iwillgototheparkwithyouifitthisafternoon.（notrain）动词的语态单项填空1.[2018·曲靖]NowadaysChinaforitsnew“fourgreatinventions”—sharedbicycles,electronicpayments,high-speedrailwaysandonlineshopping.A.wasknowingB.wasknownC.isknowingD.isknown2.[2018·昆明模拟]—Sam,didyouwatchChinesePoetryConferenceⅢlastnights?—No,Ididn’t,becauseItowatchTVonschoolnight.A.didn’tallowB.amnotallowedC.haven’tallowedD.don’tallow3.[2018·昆明模拟]Moreandmoretreesinthefuturetomakeourenvironmentbetter.A.willplantB.willbeplantedC.plantD.areplanted4.[2018·广东]ManyshopsinChinatoshutdownasanewlawagainstivory（象牙）tradecameintoeffectonJanuary1st,2018.A.orderedB.didn’torderC.wereorderedD.weren’tordered5.[2018·贵港]Childrenunder12yearsoldridesharingbikes.It’stoodangerous.A.shouldn’tallowtoB.shouldn’tallowC.shouldn’tbeallowedtoD.shouldn’tbeallowed6.Thiskindofcarlookssobeautiful.Itinmyhometown.A.makeB.makesC.ismadeD.made7.Englishwidelyallovertheworld.A.speaksB.isspokenC.arespokenD.speaking8.Inordertomakeourcitymorebeautiful,moretreesandflowerseveryyear.A.willplantB.shouldplantC.shouldbeplantedD.plant9.Themobilephonehasinfluencedpeople’slifealotsinceit.A.inventsB.inventedC.isinventedD.wasinvented10.—Iwanttoborrowthebook,butIdon’tknowhowlongitmay. —Fortwoweeks.A.keepB.beborrowedC.borrowD.bekept参考答案【考点过关训练】1．willbe/isgoingtobe2．havekept3．werehaving4．rains5．haswoken6．isknocking7．wasraining8．beinvited9．beput10．toleave11．areplanted12．beprevented13．iscalled14．made15．willbesent 16．feels17．hasn’tcome18．exercises 19．havebeenmarried20．didn’tknow【语法综合演练】动词的时态中考体验1—6BDADBD能力训练Ⅰ．1—5DDADC6—10BBCABⅡ．11．felt12．willkeep13．came14．wastaking 15．catches16．isgoingtobe/willbe17．areplaying 18．hadbeen19．havegrown20．doesn’train动词的语态1—5DBBCC6—10CBCDD。
2019高三英语名校试题汇编专题07动词时态和语态（学生版）一、动词时态考查要点简述1.一般现在时主要用来表示人、事物旳现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性旳动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time等时间状语；表示客观规律和永恒真理等。
He usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning.She has a brother who lives in New York.The earth goes around the sun.Guangzhou is situated in the south of China.【典例】According to the literary review, Shakespeare his characters live through their language in his plays.A. will makeB. had madeC. was makingD. makes例：Columbus proved that the earth is round.哥伦布证实了地球是圆旳。
【典例】Next time you ____here，let’s have lunch together．A．will be B．are C．have been D．wereSo long as he works hard, I don’t mind when he finishes the experiment.只要他努力工作，我不介意他什么时候做完试验。
The harder you study, the better results you will get.2.现在进行时表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行旳活动：或表感情色彩，加强语气。
与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人旳某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。
动词的时态和语态1. --Look! Somebody the sofa. --Well, it wasn’t me. I didn’t do it.A. is cleaningB. was cleaningC. has cleanedD. had cleaned试题分析：这里强调的是过去发生的动作对现在的影响。
所以要用完成时态。
同时，这个过去发生的动作到说话时已经完成，而不是一直进行下去，所以用现在完成时。
（如果一直进行下去，并有可能持续到将来，就用现在完成进行时。
）2. Don't worry. The hard work that you do now ____ later in life.A. will be repaidB. was being repaidC. has been repaidD. was repaid试题分析：句意：别担心，你现在的努力今后会得到回报的。
根据先时后态，判断出时间为将来(later in life以后的日子中)本句中的时间状语later in life相对于now来讲当然是将来时间，故可以确定为将来时。
3. Food supplies in the flood-stricken area ______. We must act immediately before there’s left.A. have run outB. are running outC. have been run outD. are being run out试题分析：考查run out用法以及将来时用法。
Run out用完，耗尽；该词组没有被动语态，排除CD。
句意：在洪涝灾害袭击地区的食品供应即将耗尽，我们必须在食品用完之前立刻行动。
根据句意说明现在还没有耗尽食品，是就要耗尽了。
故B正确。
4. --Kevin, you look worried. Anything wrong? --Well, I____ a test and I’m waiting for the result.A. will takeB. tookC. had takenD. take试题分析：句意：--kevin,你看起来很担心，怎么了？--我参加了一次考试，现在正在等结果。
动词(一)动词概说1)动词(verb)是表示动作或状态的词。
a)表示动作：swim游泳push推b)表示状态：have有be是2)英语动词有时态、语态、语气等形式上的变化。
限定动词和非限定动词（谓语动词和非谓语动词）从是否被主语所限定来分，动词有限定动词(finite verb)和非限定动词(nonfinite verb)两大类。
1)限定动词限定动词用作句子的谓语动词，并被主语所限定，有人称和数的变化。
如：He is a tractor driver.Facts are more eloquent than words.事实胜于雄辩。
An apple falls by the force of gravitation.地心吸力使苹果落地。
2)非限定动词非限定动词有动词不定式、动名词和分词三种，在句子里都不能单独作谓语动词，故不被主语所限定，没有人称和数的变化。
如：I am pleased to meet you. (动词不定式)Smoking is harmful to the health. (动名词)I heard them singing the International。
我听见他们唱《国际歌》。
(分词)Spoken words are often more powerful than writing. (分词)从其含义来分，动词有实义动词(notional verb)，连系动词(1ink verb)，情态动词(modal verb)和助动词(auxiliary verb)四类。
1)实义动词实义动词有完全的词义，并能独立作谓语动词。
如：The sun shone brightly this morning.He likes to go for a long walk on Sundays.We have a big TV set in the club.2)连系动词连系动词在句中作谓语动词，后面跟表语。
五．现在完成时1. 表示过去发生的动作多现在造成的影响或结果，常和so far, up to now等时间状语连用1. I half of the English novel, and I’ll try to finish it at the weekend. （2016北京）A. readB. have readC. am readingD. will read答案：B。
解析：由语境可知，已经看了一半，故用现在完成时。
2. Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement_____ so far by the two sides. (2015天津)A. has been reachedB. was reachedC. will reachD. will have reached答案：A。
解析：由时间状语so far可知，应用现在完成时。
3. Up to now, the program ________ thousands of children who would otherwise have died.(2010山东)A. would saveB. savesC. had savedD. has saved答案：D。
解析：由时间状语up to now可知，应用现在完成时。
2. 常与for/since引起的时间状语从句连用1. The reports went missing in 2012 and nobody ______ them since. (2014全国)A. seesB. sawC. has seenD. had seen答案：C。
解析：由时间状语since可知，应用现在完成时。
2. — I remember you were a talented pianist at college. Can you play the piano for me?— Sorry, I the piano for years. (2012湖南)A. don't playB. wasn't playingC. haven't playedD. hadn't played答案：C。
解析：由时间状语for years可知，应用现在完成时。
3. His first novel ______ good reviews since it came out last month. (2011陕西)A. receivesB. is receivingC. will receiveD. has received答案：D。
解析：由时间状语since it came out last month可知，应用现在完成时。
3. 在in/during/over/for the last/past few years等作状语的句子中1. China’s high-speed railways _________ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years. （2018北京）A. are growingB. have grownC. will growD. had grown答案：B 。
解析：由时间状语in the past few years可知，应用现在完成时。
2. In the last few years, China ___ great achievements in environmental protection. (2015北京)A. has madeB. had madeC. was makingD. is making答案：A。
解析：由时间状语In the last few years可知，应用现在完成时。
3. Shakespeare’s play Hamlet ____ into at least ten different films over the past years. (2013北京)A. had been madeB. was madeC. has been madeD. would be made答案：C。
解析：由时间状语over the past years可知，应用现在完成时。
4. During the last three decades, the number of people participating in physical fitness programs ______ sharply.(2013浙江)A was increasingB has increasedC had increasedD will be increasing答案：B。
解析：由时间状语During the last three decades可知，应用现在完成时。
5. — Have you heard about the recent election? (2013湖南)— Sure, it ________ the only thing on the news for the last three days.A. would beB. isC. has beenD. will be答案：C。
解析：由时间状语for the last three days可知，应用现在完成时。
4. 在状语从句中用现在完成时表示将来完成。
1. We won’t start the wor k until all the preparations ____.（2014天津）A. are being madeB. will be madeC. have been madeD. had been made答案：C。
解析：until引导的状语从句表示将来，一般用一般现在时，如果强调完成，则用现在完成时。
2. — When shall we restart our business?—Not until we ______ our plan. (2010四川)A. will finishB. are finishingC. are to finishD. have finished答案：D。
解析：由语境可知，这里是说将来的事。
答语是一个状语从句，应用一般现在时表示将来，若要强调完成，则应用现在完成时。
5. 在“This/That/It is the first/second/third…time + （that）…”句型中，从句的谓语动词用现在完成时。
This is the first time we ______ a film in the cinema together as a family. (2009陕西)A. seeB. had seenC. sawD. have seen答案：D。
解析：在This is the first time + (that)…”句型中，从句的谓语动词用现在完成时。
六．过去完成时1. 表示“过去的过去”，即两个过去的动作相比较，发生在前的就用过去完成时，发生在后的就用一般过去时。
1. In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless phones _______ yet.（2017北京）A.haven’t inventedB. haven’t been inventedB.hadn’t invented D. hadn’t been inventedC.答案：C。
解析：invent的动作发生在had之前，故用过去完成时。
2. —Did you have difficulty finding Ann’s house? （2015北京）—Not really. She _______ us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.A. was to giveB. had givenC. was givingD. would give答案：B。
解析：give的动作发生在find之前，故用过去完成时。
3. I found the lecture hard to follow because it ______ when I arrived. (2014北京)A. startedB. was startingC. would startD. had started答案：D。
解析：start的动作发生在arrive之前，故用过去完成时。
2. 过去完成时还可以和in/over/for the past …years 或for，since引起的时间状语连用，表示过去某一时间的动作或状态持续到过去另一时间。
1. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who ______ in the mountains for two days. （2018北京）A. are trappingB. have been trappedC. were trappingD. had been trapped答案：D。
解析：叙述过去的事情，且trap的动作发生在risk之前，再由时间状语for two days可知，应用过去完成时。
2. I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan ____ in the past two years. (2018江苏)A. had been carried outB. would be carried outC. is being carried outD. has been carried out答案：A。
解析：叙述过去的事情，且carry out的动作发生在was sent之前，再由时间状语in the past two days可知，应用过去完成时。
3. When walking down the street, I came across David, whom I _____ for years. (2016天津)A. didn’t seeB. haven’t seenC. hadn’t seenD. wouldn’t see答案：C。
解析：叙述过去的事情，且see的动作发生在came之前，再由时间状语for years可知，应用过去完成时。
3. 在“by+过去时间”作状语的句子里，多用过去完成时。
