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为什么要研究海洋英语作文提纲英文回答：Researching oceanography has numerous benefits for both individuals and society as a whole. These include:Increased knowledge about the ocean: Oceanography helps us understand the physical, chemical, and biological processes that occur in the ocean. This knowledge is essential for managing ocean resources, protecting marine ecosystems, and mitigating the effects of climate change.Improved ocean forecasting: Oceanographic research helps us predict ocean conditions, such as currents, waves, and sea level. This information is critical for navigation, shipping, and coastal planning.Development of new technologies: Oceanography drives the development of new technologies, such as underwater vehicles, sensors, and data analysis tools. Thesetechnologies are used to explore the ocean, monitor its health, and develop new ocean-based products and services.Increased economic benefits: Oceanography contributesto economic growth by supporting industries such as fishing, tourism, and offshore energy. Oceanographic research also helps to develop new technologies that can be used toextract resources from the ocean in a sustainable way.Enhanced national security: Oceanography is essential for national security because it provides information about ocean currents, sea level, and other factors that canaffect military operations. Oceanographic research also helps to develop technologies that can be used to protect against threats such as piracy and terrorism.Increased public awareness: Oceanography helps to increase public awareness of the importance of the ocean. This awareness is essential for building support for ocean conservation and management.中文回答：研究海洋学对于个人和整个社会都有诸多好处。
海洋研究的重要性英语作文初中英语The Importance of Marine ResearchMarine research plays a crucial role in understanding and preserving our oceans, which cover over 70% of the Earth's surface. Studying the oceans is essential for the health of our planet and the well-being of all living organisms. In this essay, we will explore the importance of marine research and its impact on the environment, economy, and society.Firstly, marine research helps us to better understand the complex ecosystems of the oceans and the interconnections between marine life, climate, and human activities. By studying the biodiversity of marine species, scientists can uncover new species and discover unknown habitats. This knowledge is essential for conservation efforts and the protection of endangered species. Additionally, research on ocean currents, temperature, and sea level rise provides valuable information for predicting and mitigating the effects of climate change.Furthermore, marine research is essential for sustainable fisheries management and the preservation of marine resources. Overfishing, pollution, and habitat destruction are major threats to the health of our oceans. By studying fish populations, marinehabitats, and the impact of human activities on marine ecosystems, scientists can develop strategies for sustainable fishing practices and marine conservation. This research is critical for ensuring the long-term viability of fisheries and the livelihoods of coastal communities that depend on marine resources for their survival.In addition to its environmental benefits, marine research also has important economic and social implications. The oceans are a valuable source of food, energy, and minerals, as well as a major transportation route for goods and services. By studying the potential of marine resources, researchers can unlock new opportunities for economic development and innovation. For example, research on marine biotechnology has led to the discovery of new pharmaceuticals, biofuels, and materials that have the potential to revolutionize industries and improve human health.Moreover, marine research plays a key role in education and public awareness. By sharing their findings with the public, scientists can raise awareness about the importance of ocean conservation and inspire people to take action to protect our oceans. Marine research also provides valuable educational opportunities for students and professionals interested in marinescience and related fields. By supporting research institutions, universities, and marine parks, we can foster the next generation of scientists and conservationists who will continue to study and protect our oceans for years to come.Overall, marine research is essential for understanding and safeguarding the oceans, which are vital for the health of our planet and the well-being of all living organisms. By investing in marine research, we can unlock new knowledge, technologies, and opportunities that will benefit the environment, economy, and society for generations to come. Let us continue to support and promote marine research as an essential tool for preserving the beauty and diversity of our oceans.。
中国海权建设之我见一，什么是海权海权(Thalassocracy ；Sea Power)，顾名思义就是拥有或享有对海洋或大海的控制权和利用权，但这种权力的范围涉及军事、政治、经济等多个领域。
它不仅仅是简单的控制问题，更重要的是用海洋来开拓一个新的舞台，一个新的时代。
“海权”概念是美国著名的美国海军战略家马汉创立的，他认为，海洋对濒海国家的生存与发展有决定性的意义，而要拥有海权，就必须发展强大的海军。
在马汉眼中，“海权即凭借海洋或者通过海洋能够使一个民族成为伟大民族的一切东西。
”二，中国海权现状南海争端-南沙之争南海，又称南中国海，遍布大小岛屿，包括东沙、西沙、中沙及南沙群岛。
目前，南海四大群岛中，西沙、中沙群岛被中国实际控制，东沙群岛由中国台湾控制，而南沙群岛的情况复杂得多，二十世纪六十年代开始，越、菲、马等国以军事手段占领南沙群岛部分岛礁，在南沙群岛附近海域进行大规模的资源开发活动并提出主权要求。
对此中国政府一再严正声明，这些行为是对中国领土主权的严重侵犯，是非法的、无效的。
这些国家的所谓法律依据是根本站不住脚的。
南沙群岛陆地面积虽然只有二平方公里，但是整个海域面积达八十二万三千平方公里，而且地理位置非常重要。
南沙群岛地处越南金兰湾和菲律宾苏比克湾两大海军基地之间，战略位置十分重要，扼西太平洋至印度洋海上交通要冲，通往非洲和欧洲的咽喉要道。
南沙之争，其本质是围绕着石油资源而展开的争端，是名副其实的“石油政治”问题，南沙问题背后是扑朔迷离的大国角力。
南亚有关当事国把东盟作为区域共同体，基于共同立场，协力对抗中国，以达到其进一步侵食和霸占南海之目的。
东海钓鱼岛问题早在明朝初期，钓鱼诸岛就已明确为中国领土，明、清两朝均将钓鱼诸岛划为我国海防管辖范围之内，并非“无主地”。
1895年日本趁甲午战争清政府败局已定，在《马关条约》签订前三个月窃取这些岛屿，划归冲绳县管辖。
1943年12月中、美、英发表的《开罗宣言》规定，日本将所窃取于中国的包括东北、台湾、澎湖列岛等在内的土地归还中国。
海洋研究的重要性英语作文简单句英文回答：The study of the ocean is of paramount importance for several reasons. Firstly, the ocean covers over 70% of the Earth's surface, making it the largest ecosystem on the planet. It is home to an incredibly diverse array of life forms, from microscopic plankton to massive whales. Studying the ocean helps us understand the intricate workings of this vast ecosystem and the role it plays in maintaining the balance of life on Earth.Secondly, the ocean is a major source of food and other resources for humans. Fish, shellfish, and other marine organisms provide sustenance for billions of people around the world. The ocean also contains vast reserves of minerals and other resources, such as oil and gas. By studying the ocean, we can better understand how to sustainably manage these resources and ensure their availability for future generations.Thirdly, the ocean plays a crucial role in regulating the Earth's climate. The ocean absorbs carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, helping to mitigate the effects of climate change. It also regulates the Earth's temperature by absorbing and releasing heat. Studying the ocean helps us understand how these processes work and how they may be affected by human activities.Finally, the ocean is a source of beauty and wonder.Its vast expanse, teeming with life, has inspired awe and admiration in humans for centuries. Studying the ocean helps us appreciate its beauty and value, and encourages us to protect and preserve this precious resource.中文回答：海洋研究的重要性。
和海权相关的概念，30个和海权（海洋权益）相关的概念很多，涉及国际法、军事战略、经济以及环境保护等多个领域。
以下是30个与海权紧密相关的概念：1. 领海（Territorial Sea）：沿海国对领海拥有主权，通常延伸到12海里以内。
2. 专属经济区（Exclusive Economic Zone, EEZ）：沿海国对该区域拥有海洋资源的探索与开发权，通常延伸到200海里以内。
3. 大陆架（Continental Shelf）：领海之外至大陆坡的海床及其底下，沿海国有特殊权利。
4. 公海（High Seas）：不属于任何国家的海域，所有国家都有自由航行的权利。
5. 国际海底区（The Area）：指除国家大陆架以外的海底及其底土，为全人类共同利益所拥有。
6. 内水（Internal Waters）：领海基线内侧的水域，如内湾、港口。
7. 毗连区（Contiguous Zone）：领海之外至24海里内的海域，沿海国可施行有限的控制。
8. 无害通过（Innocent Passage）：外国船舶通过他国领海的权利，但不得威胁该国安全。
9. 海洋法公约（United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, UNCLOS）：国际法中规定海洋权益的基础法典。
10. 海洋资源（Marine Resources）：包括海洋生物资源及非生物资源，如渔业、油气等。
11. 海洋环境保护（Marine Environmental Protection）：防止和减少海洋污染，保护海洋生态平衡。
12. 航行自由（Freedom of Navigation）：国家船只在公海和某些限定条件下的领海内航行的权利。
13. 海洋战略（Maritime Strategy）：国家在海洋方面的军事和非军事策略。
14. 海洋管理（Marine Governance）：涉及海洋资源开发、海洋环境保护的管理和政策制定。
海洋研究的重要性英语作文初中英语Title: The Significance of Oceanic ResearchIn the vast expanse of our blue planet, the oceans cover more than 70% of the Earth's surface, holding untold mysteries and resources that are vital to humanity's survival and development. Oceanic research, therefore, plays an instrumental role in unlocking these secrets and ensuring the sustainable use of marine resources. This essay delves into the importance of oceanic research, underscoring its multidimensional significance for our environment, economy, and scientific understanding.Firstly, environmental preservation is a pressing concern, and the oceans play a pivotal role in regulating the Earth's climate. Understanding ocean currents, temperature patterns, and the carbon cycle is crucial for predicting and mitigating the impacts of climate change. By studying these systems, scientists can develop strategies to preserve marine ecosystems, protect endangered species, and maintain the balance of our planet's life support system.Secondly, the economic potential of the oceans cannot be overstated. Fisheries, tourism, and marine biotechnology are just a few industries heavily reliant on ocean resources. Through research, we can discover new sources of food, medicines, and energy, such as deep-sea minerals and alternative energy from tides and waves. Sustainable exploitation of these resources is only possible with a thorough understanding of the ocean's dynamics, ensuring economic growth without compromising the health of marine ecosystems.Furthermore, the oceans serve as a frontier forscientific discovery. From exploring extreme environments like hydrothermal vents, where unique life forms thrive, to uncovering the geological history of our planet, oceanic research pushes the boundaries of human knowledge. These discoveries not only enhance our understanding of life on Earth but also contribute to astrobiology – the search for life beyond our planet.Lastly, the oceans are integral to global security and international cooperation. Maritime trade routes are the arteries of the global economy, and protecting them frompiracy, pollution, and natural disasters requires collaborative research and monitoring efforts. Oceanic research fosters partnerships among nations, promoting peace and shared responsibility for our common heritage.In conclusion, oceanic research is a cornerstone of our future, enabling us to safeguard the environment, foster economic prosperity, advance scientific knowledge, and ensure global stability. It is a testament to humanity's quest for understanding and preserving the intricate web of life that sustains us all.---海洋研究的重要性在我们这颗蔚蓝星球的广阔天地间，海洋占据了地球表面超过百分之七十的面积，蕴藏着无数未解之谜和对人类生存发展至关重要的资源。
The Vital Importance of Marine Research: ACall for ActionIn the vast and mysterious realm of the ocean, lie secrets that hold the key to our future. Marine research, an often overlooked field, holds immense significance in understanding the intricate web of life that exists beneath the waves. This essay aims to highlight the crucial role of marine research in our daily lives, the environment, and the global economy.Marine research encompasses a broad range of disciplines, including biology, ecology, geology, and more. By studying the ocean, scientists gain valuable insights into the functioning of marine ecosystems, the impact of climate change, and the potential resources hidden beneath the seabed. This knowledge is not just academic; it has direct applications in areas such as fishing, shipping, and even medicine.One of the most pressing issues facing our planet is the threat of climate change. The ocean plays a crucialrole in regulating the global climate by absorbing carbon dioxide and heat. However, with increasing anthropogenicactivities, the ocean is under immense pressure. Marine research helps us understand the impact of these activities on the ocean and how we can mitigate their negative effects. Moreover, the ocean is a rich repository ofbiodiversity, housing a vast array of marine life. Marine research helps us understand the intricate relationships between these species and their habitats, enabling us to conserve them effectively. This is crucial as marine biodiversity is not just a source of beauty and wonder; it also provides valuable ecosystem services such as fishing, tourism, and carbon storage.Economically, the ocean is a vital resource for many countries. Fisheries, shipping, and offshore oil and gas exploration are just a few examples of industries that rely heavily on the ocean. Marine research helps us understand how to exploit these resources sustainably, ensuring thatwe meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.In conclusion, marine research is crucial for our understanding of the ocean and its role in our lives. It helps us address pressing issues such as climate change,conserve marine biodiversity, and ensure sustainable exploitation of ocean resources. As we venture further into the unknown depths of the ocean, it is imperative that we invest in marine research to ensure a brighter, more sustainable future for all.**海洋研究的重要性：行动的呼唤**在广阔而神秘的海洋领域里，隐藏着能够开启我们未来的秘密。
研究海洋的重要性英语作文The Importance of Studying the OceansThe oceans cover more than 70% of the Earth's surface and play a vital role in the planet's ecosystem. They are home to a vast array of marine life, regulate the global climate, and provide essential resources for human activities. As such, the study of the oceans is of paramount importance, and it is crucial that we continue to expand our understanding of these vast and complex systems.One of the primary reasons why the study of the oceans is so important is the role they play in regulating the global climate. The oceans absorb a significant amount of the Earth's heat, and they also play a crucial role in the water cycle, with evaporation from the oceans providing much of the moisture that falls as precipitation on land. This means that the oceans have a profound impact on weather patterns and climate across the globe, and understanding these processes is essential for predicting and responding to the effects of climate change.In addition to their role in the climate system, the oceans also provide a wealth of resources that are essential for human survivaland well-being. The oceans are a major source of food, with millions of people around the world relying on seafood as a primary source of protein. They also provide a range of other resources, such as minerals, energy sources, and even potential sources of new medicines and other valuable compounds.Despite the importance of the oceans, they remain poorly understood in many ways. Much of the ocean floor remains unmapped, and there is still a great deal of uncertainty about the complex interactions between the physical, chemical, and biological processes that shape the oceans. This lack of knowledge makes it difficult to effectively manage and protect these vital resources, and it also limits our ability to predict and respond to the effects of human activities on the oceans.To address these challenges, researchers around the world are engaged in a wide range of studies aimed at expanding our understanding of the oceans. These studies involve a variety of techniques, including field observations, remote sensing, and computer modeling, and they cover a broad range of topics, from the physical and chemical properties of the oceans to the complex interactions between marine ecosystems and the human activities that impact them.One area of particular importance in the study of the oceans is thefield of marine biology. Marine biologists study the diverse array of organisms that live in the oceans, from microscopic plankton to massive whales, and they are working to understand the complex relationships and interdependencies that exist within marine ecosystems. This knowledge is essential for developing effective strategies for managing and protecting these ecosystems, which are under increasing threat from a range of human activities, including overfishing, pollution, and climate change.Another important area of study in the field of oceanography is the physical and chemical processes that shape the oceans. Oceanographers study the movement of ocean currents, the distribution of temperature and salinity, and the chemical composition of seawater, among other things. This knowledge is essential for understanding the role of the oceans in the global climate system, as well as for developing effective strategies for managing and protecting marine resources.In addition to these more traditional areas of study, there is also growing interest in the potential of the oceans to provide new sources of energy and other valuable resources. For example, researchers are exploring the possibility of extracting energy from the oceans through technologies such as wave and tidal power, as well as the potential of deep-sea mining to access valuable minerals and other resources. While these technologies are still in the earlystages of development, they hold the promise of providing new sources of energy and resources that could help to meet the growing demands of a rapidly expanding global population.Overall, the study of the oceans is a critical area of research that has far-reaching implications for our understanding of the planet and our ability to manage and protect its vital resources. By continuing to expand our knowledge of the oceans, we can better understand and address the complex challenges that we face in the 21st century, from climate change to sustainable resource management. It is clear that the oceans will continue to play a central role in the future of our planet, and the study of these vast and complex systems will be essential for ensuring a sustainable and prosperous future for all.。
为什么要研究海洋英语作文提纲The Importance of Marine Research.Introduction.Brief overview of the vastness and diversity of the ocean.Importance of the ocean to the Earth's ecosystem and human life.Need for scientific exploration and research to understand the ocean's mysteries.1. The Ocean's Role in the Global Ecosystem.The ocean as a carbon sink and its role in climate regulation.Ocean currents and their influence on weather patterns.Biodiversity in the ocean and its significance for the survival of species.2. Resources and Benefits Derived from the Ocean.Fisheries and aquaculture: food security and economic benefits.Minerals and energy resources: oil, gas, and renewable energy sources.Pharmaceuticals and biotechnology: marine-derived drugs and treatments.3. Threats to the Ocean and the Need for Research.Pollution: plastic waste, oil spills, and chemical runoff.Climate change: ocean acidification, coral bleaching, and rising sea levels.Overexploitation: fishing and mining leading to depleted resources.The role of marine research in identifying and addressing these threats.4. Marine Research: Methods and Technologies.Oceanography: studying the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the ocean.Marine biology: understanding marine life and ecosystems.Remote sensing and drones: monitoring the ocean from above.Underwater robots and submarines: exploring the depths of the ocean.5. The Impact of Marine Research on Society.Improved understanding of the ocean's role in global systems.Development of sustainable practices in fishing, mining, and energy production.Protection of marine life and ecosystems through conservation efforts.Economic growth and job creation in the marine sector.6. The Future of Marine Research.The role of technology in advancing marine research.Interdisciplinary approaches to ocean science.Global cooperation in marine research and conservation.The importance of educating the next generation of marine scientists.Conclusion.The ocean is a crucial component of our planet and its well-being is vital to human survival.Marine research is essential for understanding, protecting, and sustainably utilizing the ocean's resources.The international community must come together to support marine research and conservation efforts.。
DISCUSSION OF THE ELEMENTS OF SEA POWER (A)The first and most obvious light in which the sea presents itself from the political and social point of view is that of a great highway; or better, perhaps, of a wide common, over which men may pass in all directions, but on which some well-worn paths show that controlling reasons have led them to choose certain lines of travel rather than others. These lines of travel are called trade routes; and the reasons which have determined them are to be sought in the history of the world.Notwithstanding all the familiar and unfamiliar dangers of the sea,both travel and traffic by water have always been easier and cheaper than by land. The commercial greatness of Holland was due not only to her shipping at sea, but also to the numerous tranquil water-ways which gave such cheap and easy access to her own interior and to that of Germany. This advantage of carriage by water over that by land was yet more marked in a period when roads were few and very bad, wars frequent and society unsettled, as was the case two hundred years ago. Sea traffic then went in peril of robbers, but was nevertheless saferand quicker than that by land. A Dutch writer of that time, estimating the chances of his country in a war with England, notices among other things that the water-ways of England failed to penetrate the country sufficiently; therefore, the roads being bad, goods from one part Ofthe kingdom to the other must go by sea, and be exposed to capture by the way. As regards purely internal trade, this danger has generally disappeared at the present day. In most civilized countries, now, the destruction or disappearance of the coasting trade would only be an inconvenience, although water transit is still the cheaper. Nevertheless, as late as the wars of the French Republic and the First Empire, those who are familiar with the history of the period, and the light naval literature that has grown up around it, know how constantis the mention of convoys stealing from point to point along theFrench coast, although the sea swarmed with English cruisers and there were good inland roads.Under modern conditions, however, home trade is but a part of the business of a country bordering on the sea. Foreign necessaries or luxuries must be brought to its ports, either in its own or in foreign ships, which will return, bearing in exchange the products of the country, whether they be the fruits of the earth or the works of men's hands and it is the wish of every nation that this shipping business should be done by its own vessels. The ships that thus sail to and fro must have secure ports to which to return, and must, as far as possible, be followed by the protection of their country throughoutthe voyage.This protection in time of war must be extended by armed shipping. Thenecessity of a navy, in the restricted sense of the word, springs, therefore, from the existence of a peaceful shipping, and disappears with it, except in the case of a nation which has aggressive tendencies, and keeps up a navy merely as a branch of the military establishment. As the United States has at present no aggressive purposes, and as its merchant service has disappeared, the dwindling of the armed fleet and general lack of interest in it are strictlylogical consequences. When for any reason sea trade is again found to pay, a large enough shipping interest will reappear to compel the revival of the war fleet. It is possible that when a canal routethrough the Central-American Isthmus is seen to be a near certainty, the aggressive impulse may he strong enough to lead to the same result. This is doubtful, however, because a peaceful, gain-loving nation is not far-sighted, and far-sightedness is needed for adequate military preparation, especially in these days.As a nation, with its unarmed and armed shipping, launches forth from its own shores, the need is soon felt of points upon which the shipscan rely for peaceful trading, for refuge and supplies. In the present day friendly, though foreign, ports are to be found all over the world and their shelter is enough while peace prevails. It was not always so, nor does peace always endure, though the United States have been favored by so long a continuance of it. In earlier times the merchant seaman, seeking for trade in new and unexplored regions, made his gains at risk of life and liberty from suspicious or hostile nations,and was under great delays in collecting a full and profitablefreight. He therefore intuitively sought at the far end of his traderoute one or more stations, to be given to him by force or favor,where he could fix himself or his agents in reasonable security, where his ships could lie in safety, and where the merchantable products of the land could be continually collecting, awaiting the arrival of the home fleet, which should carry them to the mother-country. As there was immense gain, as well as much risk, in these early voyages, such establishments naturally multiplied and grew until they became colonies whose ultimate development and success depended upon the genius and policy of the nation from which they sprang, and form a very great part of the history, and particularly of the sea history,of the world. All colonies had not the simple and natural birth and growth above described. Many were more formal, and purely political, in their conception and founding, the act of the rulers of the people rather than of private individuals but the trading-station with itsafter expansion, the work simply of the adventurer seeking gain, wasin its reasons and essence the same as the elaborately organized and chartered colony. In both cases the mother-country had won a foothold in a foreign land, seeking a new outlet for what it had to sell, a newsphere for its shipping, more employment for its people, more comfort and wealth for itself.The needs of commerce, however, were not all provided for when safety had been secured at the far end of the road. The voyages were long and dangerous, the seas often beset with enemies. In the most active days of colonizing there prevailed on the sea a lawlessness the very memory of which is now almost lost, and the days of settled peace between maritime nations were few and far between. Thus arose the demand for stations along the road, like the Cape of Good Hope, St. Helena, and Mauritius, not primarily for trade, but for defence and war; thedemand for the possession of posts like Gibraltar, Malta, Louisburg,at the entrance of the Gulf of St. Lawrence,--posts whose value was chiefly strategic, though not necessarily wholly so. Colonies and colonial posts were sometimes commercial, sometimes military in their character; and it was exceptional that the same position was equally important in both points of view, as New York was.In these three things--production, with the necessity of exchanging products, shipping, whereby the exchange is carried on, and colonies, which facilitate and enlarge the operations of shipping and tend to protect it by multiplying points of safety--is to be found the key tomuch of the history, as well as of the policy, of nations borderingupon the sea. The policy has varied both with the spirit of the ageand with the character and clear-sightedness of the rulers; but the history of the seaboard nations has been less determined by the shrewdness and foresight of governments than by conditions of position, extent, configuration, number and character of their people,--by what are called, in a word, natural conditions. It must howeverbe admitted, and will be seen, that the wise or unwise action of individual men has at certain periods had a great modifying influence upon the growth of sea power in the broad sense, which includes not only the military strength afloat, that rules the sea or any part ofit by force of arms, but also the peaceful commerce and shipping from which alone a military fleet naturally and healthfully springs, and on which it securely rests.The principal conditions affecting the sea power of nations may be enumerated as follows I. Geographical Position. II. Physical Conformation, including, as connected therewith, natural productions and climate. III. Extent of Territory. IV. Number of Population. V. Character of the People. VI. Character of the Government, including therein the national institutions.I. Geographical Position.--It may be pointed out, in the first place,that if a nation be so situated that it is neither forced to defenditself by land nor induced to seek extension of its territory by wayof the land, it has, by the very unity of its aim directed upon thesea, an advantage as compared with a people one of whose boundaries is continental. This has been a great advantage to England over both France and Holland as a sea power. The strength of the latter wasearly exhausted by the necessity of keeping up a large army andcarrying on expensive wars to preserve her independence while the policy of France was constantly diverted, sometimes wisely and sometimes most foolishly, from the sea to projects of continental extension. These military efforts expended wealth; whereas a wiser and consistent use of her geographical position would have added to it.The geographical position may be such as of itself to promote a concentration, or to necessitate a dispersion, of the naval forces.Here again the British Islands have an advantage over France. The position of the latter, touching the Mediterranean as well as theocean, while it has its advantages, is on the whole a source ofmilitary weakness at sea. The eastern and western French fleets have only been able to unite after passing through the Straits ofGibraltar, in attempting which they have often risked and sometimes suffered loss. The position of the United States upon the two oceans would be either a source of great weakness or a cause of enormous expense, had it a large sea commerce on both coasts.England, by her immense colonial empire, has sacrificed much of this advantage of concentration of force around her own shores; but the sacrifice was wisely made, for the gain was greater than the loss, asthe event proved. With the growth of her colonial system her warfleets also grew, but her merchant shipping and wealth grew yetfaster. Still, in the wars of the American Revolution, and of theFrench Republic and Empire, to use the strong expression of a French author, "England, despite the immense development of her navy, seemed ever, in the midst of riches, to feel all the embarrassment of poverty." The might of England was sufficient to keep alive the heartand the members whereas the equally extensive colonial empire of Spain, through her maritime weakness, but offered so many points for insult and injury.。
