Bauxite ‘red mud’ in the ceramic industry Part 1thermal behaviour

2018年第37卷第9期 CHEMICAL INDUSTRY AND ENGINEERING PROGRESS·3599·化 工 进展赤泥中铁的提取与回收利用研究进展顾汉念1，郭腾飞1，2，马时成3，代杨1，2，王宁1（1中国科学院地球化学研究所地球内部物质高温高压院重点实验室，贵州 贵阳 550081；2中国科学院大学，北京 100049；3贵州师范大学地理与环境学院，贵州 贵阳 550001）摘要：赤泥是综合利用率较低的工业固体废弃物，其资源属性受到广泛关注。

赤泥中的铁资源，具有回收利用潜力，是国内外的研究热点。

本文在概述了国内外赤泥物质组成特征的基础上，讨论了铁元素在赤泥中的赋存状态与分布情况。

系统综述了国内外赤泥中铁提取回收方法与工艺路线的研究进展，提出将从赤泥中提取回收利用铁的方法归纳为直接物理分选法、还原-磁选法和湿法提取法。

阐述了3类方法中分选、还原、提取等过程的基本原理，并从工艺路线的适用性、反应条件的控制、铁回收提取效率以及能耗与成本等角度，指出了不同方法存在的优点和缺点。

指出成本是制约赤泥中铁回收技术取得工业推广的主要因素，并提出在回收赤泥中铁的同时，综合回收利用其他伴生元素是重要的发展方向。

关键词：赤泥；铁；分离；回收；还原；浸取中图分类号：TF09；X758 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1000–6613（2018）09–3599–12DOI ：10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2018-0433Review on separation, recovery, extraction and comprehensive utilizationof iron from red mudGU Hannian 1, GUO Tengfei 1, 2, MA Shicheng 3, DAI Yang 1, 2, WANG Ning 1(1Key Laboratory of High-temperature and High-pressure Study of the Earth’s Interior, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, Guizhou ,China; 2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049,China ；3School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001,Guizhou , China)Abstract: Red mud is an industrial waste generated from alumina process with a low extend of comprehensive utilization, and it is widely considered to be a potential resource. It is of great research interest and broad significance to recover iron from red mud due to high contents and large amounts. In this paper, The common process routes and research status of the extraction and recovery of red mud at home and abroad were introduced. The basic characteristics of red mud derived at home and abroad were summarized, and the differences in iron content of chemical and mineral composition of red mud were described. Recovery methods including separation, leaching and extraction of iron from red mud can be concluded as direct physical separation, the reduction-magnetic separation and hydrometallurgy extraction method. The basic principles for separation, reduction and extraction process of three main methods were summarized, respectively. The advantages and disadvantages of different methods mentioned were pointed out in terms of feasibility, energy consumption and cost. Furthermore, how to obtain the breakthrough of iron recovery from red mud for industrial application were discussed. It was第一作者：顾汉念（1985—），男，博士，副研究员。

赤泥在建筑材料中的应用英文Red mud is a by-product generated during the production of alumina from bauxite ore through the Bayer process. It is a fine-grained, reddish-brown material composed primarily of iron oxides, aluminum oxides, and silicon oxides. The disposal and management of red mud have long been a significant environmental challenge for the aluminum industry due to its large volume and potential for causing soil and water pollution. However, in recent years, researchers have been exploring the potential utilization of red mud in various construction materials, offering a promising solution to this environmental issue.One of the primary applications of red mud in construction is as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM) in the production of Portland cement. The chemical composition of red mud, which includes significant amounts of alumina and silica, allows it to exhibit pozzolanic properties similar to those of fly ash or ground granulated blast furnace slag. When added to cement, red mud can contribute to the formation of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) and calcium aluminate hydrate (C-A-H) gels, which are the primarybinding agents in concrete. Studies have shown that the partial replacement of cement with red mud, typically up to 20%, can lead to improved mechanical properties, such as increased compressive strength and reduced shrinkage, as well as enhanced durability characteristics, including improved resistance to sulfate attack and chloride penetration.Another application of red mud in construction is as a raw material for the production of bricks and ceramic tiles. The high iron oxide content in red mud gives it a reddish-brown color, which can be desirable for certain types of brickwork and ceramic products. Additionally, the presence of alumina and silica in red mud allows it to act as a flux, lowering the melting point of the raw material mixture and facilitating the sintering process. Researchers have reported that the incorporation of red mud, typically in the range of 10-30%, can result in bricks and tiles with improved mechanical strength, reduced water absorption, and enhanced thermal insulation properties.In the field of road construction, red mud has been explored as a potential additive to asphalt mixtures. The iron oxides and aluminum oxides present in red mud can interact with the bitumen binder, enhancing the adhesion between the aggregates and the binder. This can lead to improved resistance to rutting, cracking, and moisture-induced damage in asphalt pavements. Studies have alsoshown that the addition of red mud can improve the stiffness and thermal stability of asphalt mixtures, making them more suitable for use in hot climates.The utilization of red mud in the production of geopolymers and alkali-activated materials is another area of interest in the construction industry. Geopolymers are a class of inorganic, cementitious materials that can be synthesized by the reaction of aluminosilicate materials, such as red mud, with alkaline activators. These materials have demonstrated excellent mechanical properties, durability, and resistance to chemical attack, making them attractive alternatives to traditional Portland cement-based concrete. The use of red mud in geopolymer production can not only contribute to the overall performance of the material but also help to reduce the environmental impact by utilizing a waste product.In addition to the applications mentioned above, researchers have explored the potential use of red mud in the production of lightweight aggregates, thermal insulation materials, and even as a soil stabilizer in civil engineering projects. The versatility of red mud in construction materials is a testament to the ongoing efforts to find sustainable solutions for the management and utilization of this industrial waste.However, the successful implementation of red mud in constructionmaterials is not without its challenges. One of the primary concerns is the variability in the chemical and physical properties of red mud, which can be influenced by factors such as the source of bauxite, the Bayer process parameters, and the disposal methods. This variability can make it challenging to develop standardized mix designs and quality control procedures for the incorporation of red mud in construction materials. Additionally, the potential for the leaching of heavy metals and other contaminants from red mud-based materials needs to be carefully evaluated and addressed to ensure the long-term environmental safety of these applications.Despite these challenges, the growing interest in the utilization of red mud in construction materials is a positive step towards addressing the environmental issues associated with its disposal. By finding practical applications for this industrial waste, the aluminum industry can not only reduce the burden on landfills and storage facilities but also contribute to the development of more sustainable and environmentally friendly construction practices. As research and development in this field continue, it is likely that we will see an increasing adoption of red mud-based construction materials in the years to come.。

云南文山铝业赤泥资源化利用方案设想栾景丽;张敬奇;闫森;王灏【摘要】A kind of treatment scheme of red mud resource utilization in Yunnan Wenshan Aluminum Co. , Ltd. Is presented in this paper according to the raw ore composition of bauxite, production process of alumina and the industry planning of Yunnan province. The mixed concentrate of iron and titanium can be selected from red mud by means of beneficiation process optimization, and then the high-titanium slag can be produced by electric furnace smelting, which can be the raw material for titanium dioxide production. The tailings of red mud can be widely used in building materials after decreasing of iron and alkali content through mineral processing, which the amount of red mud can be increased.%根据铝土矿原矿成分、氧化铝生产工艺和云南省的产业发展规划,提出了文山铝业拜耳法赤泥资源化利用的一种处理方案.赤泥通过选矿工艺的优化,选出铁、钛混合精矿,经电炉熔炼生产高钛渣,为钛白粉生产提供原料.尾渣通过选矿降低了铁和碱的含量后,可以大幅拓宽赤泥在建材中的应用途径,提高用量.【期刊名称】《云南冶金》【年(卷),期】2012(041)002【总页数】4页(P100-102,106)【关键词】赤泥;资源化利用;高钛渣【作者】栾景丽;张敬奇;闫森;王灏【作者单位】昆明冶金研究院,云南昆明650031;昆明冶金研究院,云南昆明650031;昆明冶金研究院,云南昆明650031;昆明冶金研究院,云南昆明650031【正文语种】中文【中图分类】X7581 引言赤泥是氧化铝生产过程中排出的固体废弃物，每生产1 t氧化铝，就副产0.7～1.8 t赤泥。

小学上册英语第4单元真题(含答案)英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.The owl can see well in the _________ (黑暗).2.The __________ (历史事件) can be interpreted in different ways.3.I feel happy when I help others. It makes me feel _______ (情感).4.The first President of the United States was inaugurated in _______.5. A _____ (植物) may have medicinal properties.6.What do we call the study of the earth?A. BiologyB. GeographyC. AstronomyD. Chemistry答案: B7.The ________ (城市生活) can be hectic.8.Abraham Lincoln was the _____ (president) during the Civil War.9.n Rainforest is often called the ________ (亚马逊雨林常被称为________) of the Earth. The Amaz10.I find math _______ (easy/hard).11.What is the main ingredient in tea?A. CoffeeB. WaterC. LeavesD. Sugar答案: C12.I like to color with my _____ (彩色铅笔).13. A strong acid can corrode ______ materials.14.How do you spell the number 3?A. ThreB. ThreeC. ThrreD. Tre答案: B15.The _____ (climbing) rose grows on trellises.16.What is the name of the cat in "The Cheshire Cat"?A. TomB. JerryC. CatnipD. Cheshire答案:D17.My aunt enjoys cooking ____ (Italian food).18.The ____ is a small reptile that basks in the sun.19.We will go _____ shopping today. (grocery)20.Which of these is a type of tree?A. RoseB. DaisyC. OakD. Tulip答案:C21.We will go _____ (shopping/working) tomorrow.22.The cow gives milk for _______ (制作奶制品).23.My pet fish has beautiful ______ (颜色).24.Which animal is known for its long neck?A. GiraffeB. ElephantC. RhinoD. Hippo答案: A25.The ________ (discussion) promotes understanding.26.The ice is ___. (slippery)27.The ______ (植物学) study of plants is fascinating.28.I enjoy writing ______ (电影评论) to share my thoughts on what I watch. It’s a way to express my opinions.29.I have a _______ (test) in math tomorrow.30.I want to _______ (学习) how to write stories.31. A force applied to an object can cause it to _______.32.The _____ (night) is quiet.33.The chemical symbol for gold is __________.34.The process of electrolysis uses electricity to cause a _____ reaction.35.I like to decorate my ________ (玩具名) with stickers and paint.36.What is the capital of Switzerland?A. ZurichB. GenevaC. BernD. Basel答案: C37.ts can be grown for their ______, making them a valuable addition to any garden. (某些植物可以因其香气而被种植，成为任何花园的宝贵补充。

2024年小学六年级上册英语第三单元期末试卷[含答案]考试时间：80分钟（总分:100）A卷考试人：_________题号一二三四五总分得分一、综合题(共计100题)1、What do you call a collection of stories?A. AnthologyB. CompilationC. SeriesD. Collection答案:A2、What is the largest land animal?A. LionB. ElephantC. GiraffeD. Hippo3、填空题：My sister loves to __________ (进行科学实验).4、What is the opposite of 'big'?A. SmallB. LargeC. HugeD. Tall答案:A5、填空题：A _____ (草) grows in the field where cows graze.6、, it can be very ______ (干燥) in the desert. 填空题：Sometime7、听力题：The ____ has a spiny back and curls up when scared.8、我会连一连。

9、What is the capital of France?A. BerlinB. MadridC. ParisD. Rome答案: C10、选择题：What do we call a sweet food made from sugar and butter?A. FudgeB. CaramelC. ToffeeD. All of the above11、填空题：A __________ (化学反应机制) provides insights into the steps of a reaction.The chemical equation for respiration includes glucose and ______.13、填空题：We have a ______ (家庭) game night.14、填空题：I love _____ (planting) flowers in the spring.15、听力题：A rabbit is a type of ______.16、听力题：The chemical formula for hydrochloric acid is ______.17、听力题：I have _____ (friends) in school.18、填空题：In art class, we use ______ (颜色) to create beautiful paintings. I like to draw ______ (动物) and nature.19、听力题：The antelope runs very ____.20、听力题：The concept of ecosystem management focuses on maintaining healthy ______.21、听力题：Some _______ have unique shapes.22、听力题：The Sun's mass holds the solar system together by its ______.23、What is the name of the famous explorer who discovered America?A. Marco PoloB. Christopher ColumbusC. Ferdinand MagellanD. Vasco da Gama答案:B24、听力题：He is very ___. (funny)25、填空题：I like to _______ (和家人一起)度假。

[2]李利．拜耳法赤泥干混砌筑砂浆的配制及性能研究[D].重庆：重庆大学,2011.[3]Vincenzo M S,Renzo C.Bauxite ‘Red Mud’in the Ceramic Industry.Part l:Thermal Behavior [J].J.Eur.Ceram.Soc.,2000,(20):235-244.[4]Vincenzo M S,Renzo C.Bauxite ‘Red Mud’in the Ceramic Industry.Part 2:Production of Clay-based Ceramics [J].J.Eur.Ceram.Soc.,2000,(20):245-252.[5]Maneesh S,Upadhayay S N.Preparation of Iron Rich CementsUsing Red Mud [J].Cement Concrete Research,1997,(7):1037-1046.[6]邢国,焦占忠.利用赤泥粉煤灰研制免蒸烧砖[J].稀有金属与硬质合金,1993,6(113):154-163.[7]Nevin Y,Vahdettin S.Utilization of Bauxite Waste in CeramicGlazes [J].Ceram.Int.,2000,(26):485-490.[8]梁媛,陈均宁.赤泥的危害及综合利用[J].大众科技，2014，(16)179：33-35.[9]陈蛟龙,张娜,李恒,赵喜彬,刘晓明.赤泥基似膏体充填材料水化特性研究[J].工程科学学报,2017,39(11):1640-1646.[10]Vedalakshmi R,Raj SA,Srinivasan S,et al.Quantifi-cation of hydrated cement products of blended cements in low and medium strength concrete using TG and DTA technique [J].ThermochimicaActa,2003,407(1-2):49–60.[11]Sha W,Pereira GB.Differential scanning calorime-try studyofhydrated groundgranulated blast-furnace slag [J].Cement and Concrete Research,2001,31(2):327–329.1引言1.1混凝土绝热温升单参数指数式温度应力是引起混凝土结构早龄期非荷载开裂的主要原因之一，其大小主要由混凝土的绝热温升值决定。

铝土矿熔融制样的工艺流程English response:The process of smelting aluminum ore to produce samples involves several steps. The first step is to crush the bauxite ore and mix it with a solution of sodium hydroxide. This mixture is then heated in a pressure vessel at a high temperature and pressure, which causes the aluminum oxidein the ore to dissolve. The remaining impurities in the ore, such as iron oxide and silica, are not soluble and settleto the bottom of the vessel as a red mud.The next step is to separate the aluminum oxide fromthe red mud. This is done by filtering the red mud to remove the impurities, leaving behind a solution of sodium aluminate. Carbon dioxide is then bubbled through the solution, causing aluminum hydroxide to precipitate out. This aluminum hydroxide is then heated to produce aluminum oxide, which is the final product.The aluminum oxide can then be further processed to produce aluminum metal. This involves the electrolysis of the aluminum oxide in a molten salt electrolyte, which separates the aluminum from the oxygen. The resulting aluminum metal can then be cast into samples for testingand analysis.Overall, the process of smelting aluminum ore toproduce samples involves crushing the ore, dissolving the aluminum oxide, separating it from impurities, and then further processing it to produce aluminum metal.中文回答：铝土矿熔融制样的工艺流程包括几个步骤。