基础1

极限=。

A.B. ∞C. 0D. 不存在答案：C下列函数在指定区间上单调增加的是。

A. sinxB.C.D. 5-2x答案：B极限=。

答案：2设函数f (x) 的定义域是 (0，1)，那么f (x＋1) 的定义域是。

A. （0，1）B. （－1，0）C. （1，2）D. （0，2）答案：B设的最小值点是。

A. -1B. 1C. -1和3D. 3答案：B设，则A的秩为。

答案：3若，则＝。

A. 2B. 1C. －1D. －2答案：C设，则3A=。

A.B.C.D.答案：A已知生产某种商品q件时的总成本（单位：万元）为：，如果每售出一件该商品的收入为9万元.则生产10件该商品时的平均利润万元。

答案：1设A、B为同阶可逆方阵，则下列说法正确的是。

A. 若AB＝O，必有A＝O或B＝OB.C. r (A＋B)＝r (A)＋r (B)D.答案：D已知生产某种产品的成本函数为C(q)=80+2q，则当产量q=50单位时，答案：3.6当x→0时，下列变量中为无穷小量的是。

A.B.C.D.答案：C下列是积分区间为对称的定积分中，其中积分值为0的是。

A.B.C.D.答案：A某产品的成本函数，那么该产品的平均成本函数＝4q++。

答案：8求极限＝。

答案：1设，则A的秩为。

答案：3曲线在点（,）处的切线平行于直线y=-2x+3。

答案：-12下列结论中正确的是。

A.B.C.D.答案：D曲线在点（4，2）处的切线方程是y＝x+1。

答案：1/4或四分之一函数是函数。

答案：偶设函数满足，则该函数在实数域中。

A. 有一个极大值和极小值B. 仅有一个极大值C. 无极值D. 无法确定有无极值答案：C下列函数中，是的原函数。

A.B.C.D.答案：D线性方程组AX=b答案：秩(A，b)=秩(A)或系数矩阵的秩等于增广矩阵的秩求极限，则k=。

答案：3下列函数中，在区间 (－∞，＋∞) 是单调减少的。

A.B. sin xC.D.答案：D矩阵的秩是。

基础英语1复习题厦门大学网络教育2011-2012学年第一学期《基础英语1》复习题一、阅读理解Passage OneEvery day, in all kinds of weather, many thousands of men and women run very slowly for long distances. This slow running is called jogging. Why has jogging become so popular? Most joggers begin because they hear that it is very good exercise. Jogging makes the heart stronger and helps people lose weight. It can also help them feel better about themselves.How fast should you go if you take jogging exercise? Jog with a friend and talk to each other as you run. If you have difficulty talking, you are going too fast. How far should you jog? Remember not to go too far too soon. In fact, you should walk, not run, the first few times. Then do some short jogs, but no more than what you can do comfortably. After that, increase your distance a quarter or half mile every two weeks or so. Maybe in a few years, you too can run in a Marathon. Thousands of people do.1.What is jogging according to this passage?A. Slow running for long distances.B. Slow running for short distances.C. Fast running for short distances.D. Fast running for long distances.2.Which of the following is not true about jogging according to this passage?A. It helps strengthen your heart.B. It helps increase your weight.C. It makes you feel better about yourselves.D. It has become very popular among the people.3.How fast should you jog according to this passage?A. Y ou should run as if you were taking a walk.B. Y ou should talk to your friend and let him tell you how fast you should run.C. Y ou should run at a speed that you do not feel difficult talking with friends.D. If you feel comfortable, just run as fast as you can.4.What is the proper way to start jogging exercise?A. Y ou should walk at the beginning stage.B. Y ou should run for a short distance at first.C. Y ou should walk the first two or three weeks and then practice running.D. Y ou should talk to your friends and ask for their advice first.5.How should you increase your jogging distance?A. Y ou should increase half a mile every two weeks.B. Y ou should increase a quarter of mile every two or four weeks.C. Y ou should increase a quarter or half mile every two weeks or so.D. Y ou should increase a quarter or half mile every three weeks or so.Passage TwoIn most large cities, it is impossible to be served a meal at any hour of the day and night. Many restaurants close on Sunday. Check the telephone book for the locations and hours of restaurants that are open on Sundays or late at night. If you are outside a major city, it may be difficult to find an eating placethat will serve dinner after 8:30 p.m., although coffee shops and drugstores are usually open late.Some places offer Sunday “brunch”, which is a combination of breakfast and lunch, served at about 11:30 or noon, for late Sunday sleepers.In private homes, eating times vary considerably. In cities, the main meal is usually served in the evening, at about 7:00 or 7:30 p.m.. Many people who work in large cities such as New Y ork or Washington, for example, live an hour or more from their office. In general, however, Americans dine relatively early; 6:30 p.m. is quite common for dinner. On farms, however, the main meal may be served at noon, probably because people who live on farm begin their day so much earlier than those who live in cities.6. Where can you find information about restaurants that are open on Sundays?A. In newspapers.B. In the telephone book.C. At drugstores.D. Over the radio on Sundays.7. Outside a big city, what kind of shops are usually open late?A. Big restaurants.B. Coffee shops.C. Department stores.D. Many eating places.8. What does the word “brunch” mean?A. An early breakfast.B. An expensive meal at noon.C. A special dinner for late sleepers.D. A combination of breakfast and lunch.9. In general, what time is common for Americans to havedinner?A. 6: 30 p.m.B. 7:00 p.m.C. 7:30 p.m.D. 8:30 p.m.10. When may the main meal be served on farms?A. Early in the morning.B. In the late afternoon.C. At noon.D. At night.Passage ThreeAt the beginning of the 20th century, a new music called Jazz was born in NewOrleans. It was a kind of lively music intended to make people happy, but it was not so much a kind of music as a style of playing. The New Orleans musicians learned to work together to produce a relaxed beat. The beat is so powerful that the listeners cannot help but dance, or at least move their feet along with it.The best and almost the only place to hear the original New Orleans jazz is in Preservation Hall in the French Quarter of the city. There, seven different bands, made up mostly of very old men, play the old music for four and a half hours each evening. Some of the people in the audience are tourists, but most are serious music lovers who are willing to spend time sitting on plain wooden chairs and benches, and even on the floor. The musicians play the music they want to play, but the audience can ask for a particular song if they are willing to pay for it. Traditional songs cost one dollar and all others cost two.Old-style New Orleans jazz is in danger of disappearingbecause the players are getting old. Many of them are well over seventy. The music did disappear once before, when people lost interest in it and the musicians had to make their living doing other things. But in 1938 the current jazz revival began, when music historian William Russell found the famous trumpet player Bunk Johnson working in the fields and brought him back to New Orleans to play. When Preservation Hall reopened in 1961, the old music finally had a place to live again, and its popularity had grown ever since.11. What is this passage mainly about?A. The revival of old-style jazz music in New Orleans.B. The popularity of jazz music in New Orleans.C. Jazz music and audience paritcipation.D. The ups and downs of old-style jazz musc in New Orleans.12. What was most unusual about New Orleans jazz bands?A. They only played for serious misic lovers.B. Most members of the bands were quite advanced in years.C. They provided old-style jazz.D. The members of the bands played old music fro hours every evening.13. Who was Bunk Johnson?A. A serious music lover.B. A music historian.C. A famous jazz musician.D. A well-known jazz band leader.14. When did Preservation Hall reopen?A. In 1961.B. In 1938.C. In the early 1900s.D. In the late 1900s.15. Why did jazz disappear once before?A. The musicians were too old to play.B. The audience had lost interest in it.C. The bands were short of good trumpet players.D. Preservation Hall was closed.二、词汇与语法结构1、The new bridge will _____ the cities on the opposite banks of the river.A. attachB. connectC. communicateD. span2、If you are careless, you’ll _____ trou ble.A.feed intoB.look intoC. get intoD. fit into3、You look awful, I think you'd better ______ a doctor.A. seeB. seeingC. to seeD. saw4、To know about Britain and the British people, he made many social ______ while he was studying in that country.A. contactsB. compactsC. contractsD. concerns5、He told the story as if it _____ to him.A. happenedB. had happenedC. was happenedD. would happen6、Canada has two official languages, _______.A. the French and the EnglishB. French and EnglishC. they are French and EnglishD. the French and English7、_______ that John spent ten dollar.A. It was this bookB. It was on this bookC. On this bookD. This was the book8、These mistakes could have been _____ with a good planning.A.appearedB.improvedC.controlled9、I was _____ to read a piece of writing with so many spelling mistakes.D.pleasedB. shockedC. excitedD. eager10、Since you have made the _____, you should keep it.A. promiseB. choiceC. offerD. progress11、His stomach began to _____ because of the bad food hehad eaten.A. painB. acheC. be hurtD. go bad12、Who shall I give this paper to?You can give it to _____. It doesn't matter.A. anybodyB. somebodyC. everybodyD. someone13、She was awarded a prize for the film.A. givenB. rewardedC. sentD. reminded14、When he looked at the map and saw the islands, he longed _____ them.A. visitingB. to visitC. having visitedD. to be visiting15、I don’t allow _____ in my drawing room. And I don’t allow my husband ____ atall.A. to smoke, smokingB. smoking, to smokeC. to smoke, to smokeD. smoking, smoking16、Mary has made up her mind not to go to the meeting.A. triedB. promisedC. decidedD. attempted17、It is a custom for people to _______ to others for stepping on their toes.B. greetC. smileD. forgive18、The water was so clear that it _____ the trees on the river bank.A. shadedB. imaginedC. reflectedD. photographed19、Despite the poverty, the parents managed to _____ six children.A. riseB. raiseC. roseD. raised20、I don't agree with _____ you've just said.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. this21、A fund will be ______ for the dead men's families.A. set offB. set besideC. set upD. set down22、Scientists long ago ____ the theory that eating too much fat is bad for the heart.A. put forwardB. put outC. put up withD. put under23、When he went out, he would wear sunglasses ____ nobody would recognize him.A. so thatB. as thoughC. now thatD. as for24、Your car is ______ mine.A. the same thatB. asC. similar toD. alike25、My car _____ so I had to come by bus.A. fell downB. fell overC. broke downD. broke up26、He thought he had not been treated fairly, so he _____ his job and left.A.gave inB. gave uC. threw upD. gave off27、“Did you buy anything at the clothing sale?”“Yes, I bought three ____ ties for just twelve dollars.”A. five-dollarB. fives-dollarC. five-dollarsD. fives-dollars28、You are the only person here ________ knows me.A. whomB. oneC. whichD. who29、No one knows how the huge rocks ____ and _____ without our modernmachines eight hundred years ago.A. are cut, movedB. were cut, moveC. were cut, movedD. are cut, move30、The English test has been put off _____ next Friday.A. toB. inC. onD. till31、Your teacher can give you advice on choosing a career and writing a jobapplication.A. motivationB. guidanceC. claimD. encouragement32、If we ____ French school ____ British schools, we findthere are manydifferences./doc/136834121.html,pare…toB. compare…withC. compare…byD. compare…from33、There are about twenty students in the class, but Mike is ____ strongest.A. aB. anC. theD. one34、If I ______ you, I would not take this dangerous job.A. wasB. wereC. isD. are35、The teacher came in and told the class _____ talking.A. stopB. stopsC. stoppedD. to stop三、完形填空The relationship between man and animals is close but unequal. Although it is true that there are a large 1 of cases of men being the victims, in fact, 2 is the master. 3 the beginning of the human race, animals have been 4 for food. In spite of the 5 number of vegetarians(素食者) in the world, a great deal of beef, lamb(羊肉) and pork 6 consumed every day. At work and at play we 7 on animals. In some developing countries, life for the farmerwould be 8___ without the help of the cow, while in the developed countries people 9 pets at home and enjoy seeing elephants play football 10 a monkey play the violin at the circus(马戏团). And we need animals in scientific experiments as well.1. A. deal B. number C. part D. side2. A. men B. animals C. man D. animal3. A. Since B. After C. Because of D. Due to4. A. hunted B. shot C. raised D. fed5. A. decreasing B. increasing C. disappearing D. shrinking6. A. was B. were C. is D. are7. A. depend B. take C. call D. hold8. A. necessary B. unnecessary C. possible D. impossible9. A. bring B. protect C. grow D. keep10. A. so B. or C. but D. thusScientists are interested in the chimpanzee (黑猩猩) because it is probably man’s nearest ___1___ neighbor. Until recently, it was thought that only man had the capacity for tool-making. Then an anthropologist (人类学家) in Africa discovered that the chimpanzee also has this skill. The anthropologist ___2__ chimpanzees ____3___ tools from grass. They put these grass ___4___ into a hole in the ground to catch termites (白蚁). ___5___ the chimps changed the shape of a piece of wood in order to make it a better tool. This ___6___ the chimp’s ability to come up with ___7___ solutions to problems it ___8____ in its ___9____ . Now scientists are trying to discover other ___10___ between man and the chimpanzee.1.A. intellectual B. animal C. progressive D. thoughtful2.A. saw B. observed C. enjoyed D. overlooked3.A. devising /doc/136834121.html,ing C. catching D. holding4.A. branches B. roots C. stems D. leaves5.A. On the average B. On another occasion C. On the spot D. On time6.A. urges B. leads C. discourages D. demonstrates7.A. contrary B. identical C. original D. traditional8.A. encounters B. discovers C. solves D. devises9.A. way B. skill C. life D. environment10.A. differences B. similarities C. features D. characters“Family”--- the word had different meanings for different people，and even the dictionary gives us several definitions：“a group of people related __1__ bloo d or marriage，” “two adults and their children，” “all those people __2__ from a common ancestor，” “a household，” and so on. Some people think of a family __3__ a mother，a father，and their children；others include grandparents，aunts，uncles，and cousins. For __4__ of us，family means the group of relatives __5 __ far away from home. For others，having a __6__ simply means having children. Some families have long histories，__7__ others know very little about their ancestors. No__8__ if it is young or old，large or small，traditional or modern，every family has a sense of what a family is. It is that feeling of __9__，of love and security __10__ comes from living together，helping and sharing.1. A. to B. for C. after D. by2. A. derived B. separated C. distinguished D. descended3. A. by B. as C. from D. for4. A. some B. other C. most D. one5. A. live B. living C. lived D. to live6. A. parent B. relative C. family D. house7. A. while B. why C. where D. which8. A. problem B. thing C. matter D. question9. A. belong B. belonging C. belonged D. having belonged10. A. what B. this C. that D. such四、汉译英、英译汉1. 如何减少成本是这个工厂主要考虑的问题.2. 我不喜欢这件裙子的颜色,但这里可选择的颜色不多.3. 她非常喜欢这件大衣, 但是没钱买.4. 他没有按时完成工作, 但这不是他的错.5. 我在做重大决定之前总会问问我父母的意见.答案1. How to reduce the production cost is a major concern of this factory.2. I don’t like the color of the dress, but there are not many choices here.3. She likes the coat very much, but she can’t afford it.4. He didn’t finish the work on time, but it was not his fault.5. I always ask the opinion of my parents before I make big decisions.。

1.桥墩的分类及组成有哪些？答：组成：墩台帽、墩台身和基础三部分。

分类：重力式墩台、轻型墩台2.简述扩大基础力学检算的主要项目？答：主要检算项目有：基底应力检算、基底偏心检算、基底倾覆、滑动稳定性检算3.纵横向预偏心桥墩各适用什么情况？为什么？答：1）横向：适用于曲线桥；为了适应曲线的线路，各孔梁常布置成折线，这就使相邻两孔梁之间的缝隙内窄外宽，梁的端部和桥墩横向中心线不平行，平面上梁端支座斜交放在支承垫石上；2）纵向：适用于不等跨桥；为了减少桥墩在荷载作用下的偏心力矩，通常将大跨梁的支座中心布置在离桥墩中心线较近的地方，使桥墩中心线与梁缝中心线错开一定的纵向距离形成纵向偏心。

4.桥梁墩台的作用：承受上部结构的荷载，并且通过基础将此荷载及其本身的重量传到地基上5.确定基础方案主要的取决因素：工程性质、水文地质条件、荷载特性、桥梁结构形式及使用要求、材料的供应和施工技术6.方案选择的原则：力争做到使用上安全可靠，施工技术上简便可行，经济上合理。

7.重力式桥墩的主要特点：依靠自身巨大的重量和材料的受压性能来抵抗外荷载，维持自身的稳定，自身截面积较大；具有坚固耐久、抗震性能好，对于偶然荷载有较强的抵抗能力，施工简便，养护工作量小的优点，适用于地基良好的大中型桥梁或流水、漂浮物较多的河流中。

8.梁桥重力式墩截面形式：答：1）矩形墩：截面是矩形，外形简单，施工方便，圬工数量较省，但对水流阻力甚大，引起局部冲刷较大。

一般用于无水或者静水中，或用于高桥墩最高水位以上部分。

2）圆端形墩：截面是矩形两端各接一个半圆。

施工稍复杂，但比较适合水流通过，可减少局部冲刷。

用于水流与桥轴法线小于15°的情况，是铁路跨河桥中最广泛使用的一种形式。

3）圆形墩：截面为圆形，流水特性较前两种形式好。

用于桥轴法线与水流大于15°或者流向不定的河流中，由于截面为圆形，各方向具有相同的抵抗矩。

在用于纵横向受力差异较大的桥墩上时，浪费圬工。

计算机应用基础 1一、单选题1、第三代计算机的标志是使用了______。

A：超大规模集成电路B：大规模集成电路C：中、小规模的集成电路D：以电子管为器件的集成电路答案：C2、既可以接收、处理和输出模拟量，也可以接收、处理和输出数字量的计算机是______。

A：电子数字计算机B：电子模拟计算机C：数模混合计算机D：专用计算机答案：C3、计算机的运算速度通常采用的计量单位是______。

A：次/每小时B：次/每分C：次/每秒D：转/每秒答案：C4、分布式的信息处理需要利用计算机的______。

A：存储技术B：网络技术C：控制功能D：传输功能答案：B5、下列各项中，属于信息的是______。

A：电视机B：电视新闻节目中的内容C：打印机D：复印机答案：B6、一个完整的计算机系统包括。

A：计算机及其外部设备B：主机、键盘、显示器C：系统软件和应用软件D：硬件系统和软件系统答案：D7、下列四个计算机存储容量的换算公式中，正确的是______。

A：1KB=1000BB：1MB=1000KBC：1MB=1024KBD：1MB=1024GB答案：C8、计算机的系统软件中，起到用户与计算机之间的桥梁和接口作用的是______。

A：各种语言及其处理程序B：操作系统C：数据库管理系统D：系统支持和服务程序答案：B9、计算机的硬件主要包括：运算器、控制器、存储器、输入设备和______。

A：键盘B：鼠标C：显示器D：输出设备答案：D10、内存储器根据工作方式的不同可以分为随机存取存储器和______。

A：只读存储器B：光盘存储器C：磁盘存储器D：半导体存储器答案：A11、下列四项不属于外部设备的是______。

A：绘图仪B：寄存器C：扫描仪D：显示器答案：B12、以CPU为中心，配上存储器、输入输出接口电路及系统总线所组成的计算机，称为______。

A：微处理器B：微型计算机C：工作站D：微型计算机系统答案：B13、计算机的主频是它的主要性能指标之一。

钢琴基础教程1教案篇一：钢琴基础教学教案1钢琴基础教学教案课时：1 课时课型：集体课执课教师：陈仕进【教学内容】1、基本技术：（1）熟练掌握《孩子们的哈农第2条》。

（2）熟练掌握双手弹奏c大调、a小调音阶。

2、练习曲：贝伦斯作品70之35。

3、乐曲：学习《天真烂漫》【教学目标】1、基本技术：（1）能有针对性地训练各个手指，做到保持松弛的肩膀，完好的手型来弹奏。

（2）熟练掌握双手弹奏c大调、a小调音阶，熟练大、小调指法，能够积极主动挥动掌关节连接双手，使手指有力均衡发展。

2、练习曲：熟练掌握双音和跳音的演奏技巧，左手掌握好用正确的指法弹奏和弦的技巧，注意力度的对比变化。

3、乐曲：熟练掌握移位动作，做好手指转换练习，注意连跳结合，在十六分音符跑动时注意要均匀，注意乐曲中出现的音乐记号和小连线。

【教学重点】学习手指转换的技巧。

【教学难点】十六分音符的音阶跑动时注意手指弹奏的均匀和独立性。

【教学过程】1、强调弹奏的基本要求：正确的坐姿：（1）重心稳定、靠前、身体放松，腰部要直，上身略向前倾；（2）座位的高低与座位离琴的远近要根据自身的条件来决定；（3）养成弹奏前调整座位的习惯；正确的手型：最符合自然状态的手型就是好的手型手的状态是手指略向里自然弯曲，手呈半圆形，指尖和手腕基本在一条水平线上，手型既舒服自然、支撑力也最强。

利用以上要求来弹奏《孩子们的哈农》。

2、师：在琴上弹出《少女的祈祷》的音乐片段，并请学生注意乐曲中快速跑动乐句的特点。

生：思考乐句的规律是上行还是下行的？什么是音阶？师：要求学生回答什么是音阶。

生：回答问题。

师：讲解c大调、a小调音阶的指法（圈起来的地方手指需要转换），即拇指应在3指下穿过，讲完后示范演奏一遍音阶，并请学生演奏一遍。

生：演奏音阶。

师：讲出学生的不足之处，并再一次示范音阶的正确弹法。

生：改正错误，然后先分手练习，后合手练习。

师：总结音阶的弹奏要点：能够积极主动的挥动掌关节自然连接双手，使手指有力均衡发展。

钢琴基础教程1(修订版)-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1《钢琴基础教程1(修订版)》图书目录：修订版前言前言音符、键盘对照表右手弹奏,高音谱表和4/4拍号左手弹奏,低音谱表和2/4拍号基本练习基本练习《黄河船夫曲》片段基本练习基本练习打夯歌内蒙民歌劳动小唱竹马捷克民歌练习曲北风吹嘎达梅林乌克兰民歌练习曲依拉拉练习曲五月双音练习气球西藏民歌森林里有一棵树亲爱的名字星星歌谣冬妈妈您听我说练习曲练习曲小曲香槟信天游练习曲齐步行进练习曲玛祖卡舞曲练习曲花灯练习曲练习曲幽默曲练习曲前进!前进!前进! 格桑拉练习曲卡尔图里舞曲基本练习基本练习天真烂漫太阳出来练习曲沂蒙山小调练习曲练习曲窗花曲预备练习樱花风笛舞曲苏格兰舞保卫黄河练习曲扎红头绳土耳其进行曲练习曲练习曲弦子舞浏阳河练习曲练习曲可爱的家瑶族长鼓舞绿袖子练习曲练习曲小步舞曲小贩士兵进行曲老黑奴练习曲阿拉伯风傍晚的星练习曲练习曲前进小步舞曲波尔卡舞曲练习曲练习曲斗牛士之歌摇篮曲练习曲到敌人后方去进行曲练习曲勇敢的骑士采花调练习曲练习曲小序曲牧歌南泥湾练习曲四小天鹅舞曲小丑练习曲小奏鸣曲抒情曲古老的法兰西歌曲踏板前奏曲之一踏板前奏曲之二练习曲练习曲风笛舞曲快板小奏鸣曲练习曲歌剧《魔笛》主题变奏曲未完成交响曲(主题)练习曲小奏鸣曲牧童的歌快乐的农夫舞曲四手联弹太阳出来喜洋洋牧羊人波尔卡杨卡舞曲一根扁担战斗进行曲嘚嘚调。

《护理学基础》课程教学大纲第一部分《护理学基础1》课程名称：护理学基础课程编号：N2070063英文名称：Fundamentals of Nursing课程性质：必修课总学时：96 讲课学时：48 实训学时：48学分：6适用对象：护理学专业本科学生先修课程：人体解剖学、生理学、病理学、药理学、生物化学等一、课程性质、目的和任务护理学基础（Fundamentals of Nursing）是护理学专业的专业基础必修课，是一门研究帮助护理对象满足生理、心理和治疗需要的护理基本理论、基本知识和基本技能的学科。

护理基本理论和操作技能是所有护理学生学习临床护理课程和从事临床护理工作的基础，也是为满足个体、社区和社会基本需要所必须具有的基础知识和技能。

根据本科教学加强基础、注重素质、整体优化的原则，将护理学基础的理论知识和操作技能运用于护理实践，满足人群的生理、心理和社会需要是护理学基础的基本任务。

二、课程教学和教改基本要求护理学基础的教学包括理论教学和实训教学两部分。

理论教学采用讲授、讨论、多媒体等多种教学方法，并精选教学内容，突出重点、难点，充分发挥学生的主观能动性，培养学生分析问题、解决问题的能力。

实训教学采用实物、示教、角色扮演和技能操作训练等方法，强调理论联系实际，培养学生的实际操作能力，达到知识与技能灵活、熟练应用。

通过本课程的学习，使学生以患者为中心，运用护理学的基本知识和基本技能，针对患者生理、心理、社会、精神及文化等各层面的健康问题，采取科学、有效的护理对策，解决患者的健康问题，满足患者的需要，使其尽可能恢复到健康的最佳状态。

并能进一步提高道德修养和素质。

三、课程各章重点与难点、教学要求与教学内容第一章绪论【教学要求】1.掌握课程的基本任务。

2.掌握课程的学习方法及要求。

3.熟悉课程的地位、学习内容和目的。

【教学内容】1.课程的地位和基本任务2.课程的学习内容及学习目的3.课程的学习方法及要求第二章医院及医疗环境【教学要求】1.掌握医院物理环境与社会环境的调控要素及方法。