RG 1.84 DESIGN AND FABRICATION CODE CASE ACCEPTABILITY,ASME SECTION III,DIVISION 101-084r31

May 1996 WORKMANSHIP STANDARD FORSTAKING AND CONFORMAL COATING OFPRINTED WIRING BOARDS AND ELECTRONICASSEMBLIESNASANational Aeronautics andSpace AdministrationWashington, DC 20546PREFACEEffective Date: May 23, 1996 This document has been issued to make available to project managers a technical standard for staking and conformal coating of printed wiring boards and electronic assemblies.The document:Prescribes NASA's requirements, procedures and documenting requirements forstaking and conformal coating of printed wiring boards and electronic assemblies.These may be tailored to the program applications to obtain the most cost effective.best quality product.Describes basic considerations necessary to ensure reliable staking and conformalcoating of printed circuit boards and electronic assemblies.Establishes the responsibility for documentation of those fabrication and inspectionprocedures to be used for NASA work including supplier innovations, specialprocesses, and changes in technology. For the purpose of this document the termsupplier is defined as in-house NASA, NASA contractors and subtler contractors. Procuring NASA Enterprise Programs or Centers shall review this document for applicabilityto NASA contracts as well as for applicability to its internal activities.Questions concerning the application of this publication to specific procurements or requests should be referred to the NASA Enterprise Program or Center.While the document was originally prepared, reviewed and approved as a NASA Handbook (NHB), it is being released as a NASA Assurance Standard (NAS) (in accordance with current policy), without reformatting or restructuring or making changes in its text, to avoid delay in its release. Subsequent revisions of this document will be formatted to reflect its use as an NAS instead of an NHB.Comments and suggestions for improving this publication may be submitted using the form "NASA Standard Improvement Proposal." A copy of this form is included at the end of the document.This Standard cancels NASA Handbook (NHB) 5300.4 (3J), Workmanship Requirements for Staking and Conformal Coating of Printed Wiring Boards and Electronic Assemblies.Other processes such as soldering or cabling and harnessing, not covered by this document may be required to fabricate hardware involving staking and coating. The design, materials, and processes not covered shall be defined in engineering documentation.This document was formerly issued as an NHB and is now issued as an NAS.Frederick D. GregoryAssociate Administrator forSafety and Mission Assurance DISTRIBUTION:SDL1 (SIQ)NASA ASSURANCE STANDARDS FORFLIGHT HARDWARE WORKMANSHIP NASA Technical Standards can be found on the World Wide Web at URL address http://www//office/codeq/qdoc.pdf.Title Number Soldered Electrical Connections NASA-STD-8739.3 Crimping, Interconnecting Cables, Harnesses, and Wiring NASA-STD-8739.4 Fiber Optic Terminations, Cable Assemblies, and Installation NASA-STD-8739.5 Workmanship Standard for Staking and Conformal NAS 5300.4(3J-1) Coating of Printed Wiring Boards and Electronic AssembliesWorkmanship Standard for Surface Mount Technology NAS 5300.4(3M) Standard for Electrostatic Discharge Control NASA-STD-8739.7 (Excluding Electrically Initiated Explosive Devices)DOCUMENT REFERENCINGEach NASA Assurance Standard (NAS) is assigned its own identification number within the basic classification code. The numeric-alpha suffix within a parenthesis identifies the grouping of the publication such as NAS 5300.4~3A): this number indicates that this is the first "Standards" publication to be issued.When a part is revised, the suffix identification will be changed to indicate the revision number, such as NAS 5300.4(3A-2).In referencing or requesting any NAS, the complete specific NAS number must be used.PARAGRAPH REFERENCING1.The following shows the paragraph numbering system applicable to all assurancestandards for flight hardware workmanship.3 A 3 01 la(l)(a)Volume 3PartChapter 3Paragraph 301SubparagraphsThis numbering system provides for referencing any NAS requirement(paragraph) in any other NAS without the need for identifying the NAS numberor title.2.In Other NASA Documents. When it is necessary to reference an NASrequirement (paragraph) in any other NASA document, the specific NAS numberand paragraph number must be used together as follows: NAS 5300.4(3A-2),par. 3A301-la(l)(a), or paragraph 3A301-2b of NAS 5300.4(3A-2).TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE: (i)NASA ASSURANCE STANDARDS FOR FLIGHT HARDWARE WORKMANSHIP (iii)Document Referencing (iv)Paragraph Referencing (iv)CHAPTER 1: BASIC PRINCIPLES.......................................................................................1-1 3J100Applicability and Scope...................................................................................1-1 3J101Principles of Reliable Staking and Conformal Coating.....................................1-1 3J102General...........................................................................................................1-3 3J103Documentation...............................................................................................1-3 3J104Related Documents.........................................................................................1-3 3J105Approval of Departures From This Standard...................................................1-5 3J106Rework and Repair.........................................................................................1-5 3J107Definitions......................................................................................................1-5 CHAPTER 2: TRAINING AND CERTIFICATION PROGRAM...........................................2-1 3J200General..........................................................................................................2-1 3J201Vision Requirements......................................................................................2-1 3J202Certification Levels........................................................................................2-2 3J203Training Program Requirements.....................................................................2-2 3J204Documentation...............................................................................................2-3 3J205Maintenance of Certification Status................................................................2-3 3J206Training Resources.........................................................................................2-4 CHAPTER 3: FACILITIES, TOOLS, AND MATERIALS.....................................................3-1 3J300Safety.............................................................................................................3-1 3J301Facility Cleanliness.........................................................................................3-2 3J302Environmental Conditions..............................................................................3-2 3J303Electrostatic Discharge Requirements.............................................................3-3 3J304Tool and Equipment Control..........................................................................3-3 3J305Staking and Conformal Coating Material Selection.........................................3-5 3J306Material Storage.............................................................................................3-5 3J307Inspection Optics...........................................................................................3-6 3J308In-process Storage and Handling....................................................................3-6 3J309Solvents.........................................................................................................3-7 3J310Personnel Protection......................................................................................3-8 CHAPTER 4: CLEANLINESS REQUIREMENTS ...............................................................4-1 3J400General..........................................................................................................4-1 3J401Cleanliness Testing.........................................................................................4-1 3J402Testing Frequency..........................................................................................4-2 3J403Test Limits.....................................................................................................4-2 3J404Resistivity of Solvent Extract.........................................................................4-2 3J405Sodium Chloride Salt Equivalent Ionic Contamination Test............................4-3CHAPTER 5: PREPARATION FOR STAKING AND CONFORMAL COATING................5-1 3J500Surface Preparation........................................................................................5-1 3J501Masking.........................................................................................................5-1 3J502Priming..........................................................................................................5-2 3J503Material Preparation.......................................................................................5-2 3J504Witness Sample..............................................................................................5-3 3J505Preparation for Conformal Coating Control Specimens...................................5-3CHAPTER 6: STAKING........................................................................................................6-1 3J600General..........................................................................................................6-1 3J601Staking...........................................................................................................6-1CHAPTER 7: CONFORMAL COATING...............................................................................7-1 3J700General..........................................................................................................7-1 3J701Conformal Coating Application......................................................................7-1 3J702Curing............................................................................................................7-4 3J703Cleanup..........................................................................................................7-4 3J704Touchup/Rework...........................................................................................7-4CHAPTER 8: QUALlTY ASSURANCE................................................................................8-1 3J800General..........................................................................................................8-1 3J801Magnification Aids.........................................................................................8-1 3J802Documentation Verification............................................................................8-1 3J803Documentation Authorization.........................................................................8-2 3J804Verification of Tools, Equipment, and Materials.............................................8-2 3J805Acceptance/Rejection Criteria For Staking.....................................................8-3 3J806Inspection Methods for Staking......................................................................8-3 3J807Acceptance/Rejection Criteria for Conformal Coating.....................................8-4 3J808Inspection Methods for Conformal Coating....................................................8-5APPENDIX A- Acronyms..................................................................................................A-1APPENDIX B- Definitions.................................................................................................B-1APPENDIX C- Conformal Coating Problems.....................................................................C-1LIST OF FIGURESFigure Number Page3-1Working Zone--Temperature vs. Humidity Requirements............................3-2 6-1Typical Staking for Horizontally Mounted SleevelessCylindrical Parts..........................................................................................6-2 6-2Typical Staking for Horizontally Mounted SleevedCylindrical Parts..........................................................................................6-3 6-3Typical Staking of a Single Vertically Mounted Rectangular Part ................6-4 6-4Typical Staking for an Array of Vertically Mounted RectangularParts...........................................................................................................6-5 6-5Typical Wire Bundle Staking ......................................................................6-6 6-6Typical Wire Bundle Staking ......................................................................6-7 6-7Typical Toroid Staking ...............................................................................6-8 6-8Typical Vibration Isolation Staking .............................................................6-9 6-9Fastener Spot Staking...............................................................................6-10 7-1Spray Application........................................................................................7-2 7-2Conformal Coating - Bubbles .....................................................................7-5 7-3Conformal Coating - Scratches....................................................................7-6 7-4Conformal Coating - Lifting and Peeling .....................................................7-7 7-5Conformal Coating - Coverage Defects.......................................................7-8LIST OF TABLESTable Number Page 3-1Solvents and Cleaners..................................................................................3-7 4-1Cleanliness Test Values...............................................................................4-3 7-1Conformal Coating Thickness .....................................................................7-3CHAPTER 1: BASIC PRINCIPLES3J100APPLICABILITY AND SCOPE1.This publication is applicable to NASA programs involving staking andconformal coating applications for flight hardware, mission critical groundsupport equipment, and elements thereof, and wherever invoked contractually.2.This publication sets forth requirements for staking and conformal coating ofprinted wiring assemblies (PWA's).3.Special requirements may exist that are not in conformance with therequirements of this publication. Engineering documentation shall contain thedetails for such requirements, including modifications to existing equipment, andshall take precedence over appropriate portions of this publication whenapproved in writing by the procuring NASA Center.3J101PRINCIPLES OF RELIABLE STAKING AND CONFORMAL COATING1.Factors Controlling Reliability. Reliable staking and conformal coating resultsfrom proper design, control of equipment, materials, work environments, andcareful workmanship by trained and certified personnel.2.Fabrication Principles. All fabrication shall be performed to meet governingengineering documentation.3.Design Considerations for Staking. Staking material shall be specified on theapproved engineering documentation. The basic design considerations to assurereliable staking materials are as follows:a.The staking material shall be a noncorrosive, electrically insulativematerial, with dielectric properties (permittivity and dissipation factor) thatwill not change or adversely affect the performance characteristics of theparts being staked or their associated circuitry.b.The staking material selected shall provide adequate mechanical support toallow the item to survive vibration levels imposed during end-item use.Rigid staking material with a low thermal expansion coefficient is generallydesirable. For special cases where parts, sensitive to thermal/mechanicalstress are used, application of resilient materials may be required.c.The staking material must be compatible with, and adhere to, the printedwiring board (PWB) or substrate, the part staked, and the conformal coatingto be applied.d.The staking material shall exhibit hydrolytic and thermal stability underhigh-vacuum and thermal-vacuum conditions. The material shall meetprogram and contractual outgassing, offgassing, and flammabilityrequirements.e.The staking compound selected must not negate stress relief in part leads oron jumper wires.f.Staking material selection shall take into consideration the system operatingtemperatures and the material glass transition temperatures as specified onthe approved engineering documentation in order to minimize stress onparts and jumper wiring during operational thermal cycling.g.Staking material must not be applied to areas where induced stress willcause damage, such as under a dual-in-line package (DIP) integrated circuitor flat pack device.h.The staking material selected shall be curable under temperature conditionscompatible with the PWA on which it is located.4.Design Considerations for Conformal Coating. Conformal coating materialshall be specified on the approved engineering documentation. The basic design considerations to assure reliable conformal coatings are as follows:a.The conformal coating material and process selected shall be suited to thecomplexity of the assembly and shall be capable of covering the circuitry.b.The conformal coating material selected shall have dielectric properties thatwill meet the minimum circuit requirements in all anticipated environments.The material shall be noncorrosive and curable under conditions compatiblewith the parts on the PWA, including their temperature limits.c.The conformal coating material shall not cause damaging stress to the PWA,electronic assembly, or electrical interconnections.d.The coating material shall exhibit stability under high-vacuum and thermal-vacuum conditions. The material shall meet program and contractualoutgassing, offgassing, and flammability requirements.e.The coating material selected shall have maintainability properties (repairand rework) compatible with the parts and PWB or other substrates.f.The coating material selected shall be compatible with, and adherent to, allmaterials used in PWA's and electronic assemblies.g.The coating material selected shall be hydrolytically and thermally stable,as required.h.The coating thickness shall be within the range specified for each type ofmaterial unless otherwise specified.3J102GENERAL1.Implementation. NASA quality assurance personnel will advise and assistsuppliers, NASA personnel, and delegated agencies in the proper and effectiveimplementation of the provisions of this publication. Effective implementationincludes establishing a system that will identify each inspection point andprovide records.2.Changes in Requirements. When related requirements or changes inrequirements are specified, NASA quality assurance personnel will assure thatthe Government agency delegated to inspect at the supplier's site of fabricationhas received full instructions so that the work will be inspected to actual contractrequirements.3.Nonstandard Processes, Materials, or Parts. When the supplier intends to useprocesses, materials, or parts not covered by this publication, the supplier shalldocument the details of fabrication and inspection, including acceptance andrejection criteria, and shall provide appropriate test data. Such documentationshall be approved by the procuring NASA Center prior to use.4.If at any time during any phase of staking or conformal coating, a conditionshould arise that the operator feels may damage or in any way affect thereliability of the hardware, the work shall be halted until that condition has beenreviewed and resolved.5.The prime contractors are responsible for delegating the requirements herein totheir subtler suppliers as required.3J103DOCUMENTATION1.The supplier shall document the methods and procedures proposed to incorporatethe requirements of this Standard into the design, fabrication, and inspection ofstaking and conformal coating applications involved in the contract or purchaseorder.2.Documents required herein, except as specified by paragraph 3J102-3, shall besubmitted to the procuring NASA Center, or its designated representative, asrequired by the contract or purchase order. Applicable supplier staking andconformal coating program documents, or portions thereof, accepted on otherNASA contracts shall be included to avoid duplication of effort.3J104RELATED DOCUMENTS1.Applicable Specifications. Copies of the following specifications, whenrequired in connection with a specific procurement, can be obtained from theprocuring NASA Center or as directed by the contracting officer. Unlessotherwise specified, the issue in effect on the date of invitation for bids orrequests for proposal shall apply. The following related documents form a partof this publication to the extent specified herein.FEDERAL SPECIFICATIONSO-E-760Ethyl Alcohol (Ethanol) DenaturedAlcohol; Proprietary Solvents andSpecial Industrial SolventsTT-I-735Isopropyl AlcoholMILITARY SPECIFICATIONSMIL-I-46058Insulating Compound, Electrical(for Conformal Coating PrintedCircuit Assemblies)QPL-46058Qualified Product List forMIL-I-46058MIL-STD-1246Product Cleanliness Levels andContamination Control Program MIL-STD45662Calibration Systems RequirementNASA SPECIFICATIONSNASA-STD-8739.9Standard for ElectrostaticDischarge Control (ExcludingElectrically Initiated ExplosiveDevices)NHB 8060.1Flammability, Odor, Offgassing andCompatibility Requirements andTest Procedures for Materials inEnvironments that SupportCombustionNHB 5300.4(1G)NASA Assurance Terms andDefinitionsINDUSTRY SPECIFICATIONSASTM-D-2240Rubber Property, DurometerHardness Standard Method for ASTM-E-595Standard Test Method for TotalMass Loss and Collected VolatileCondensable Materials FromOutgassing in a VacuumEnvironmentOSHA Standards Occupational Safety and HealthAdministration (OSHA), Title 29,Code of Federal Regulations(CFR), Part 1910, OccupationalSafety and Health Standards.3J105APPROVAL OF DEPARTURES FROM THIS STANDARD1.Departures from this publication require written approval from the cognizantNASA contracting officer. The supplier is responsible for assuring that anydepartures from this publication are evaluated by, coordinated with, andsubmitted to the procuring NASA Center for approval prior to use orimplementation.2.For in-house NASA projects, this publication requires written approval by the in-house NASA project management to deviate from the provisions herein.3J106REWORK AND REPAIR1.Rework. Rework is permissible unless excluded by other provisions of thecontract. All rework shall meet the requirements of this publication and approvedengineering documentation.2.Repair is not Rework. Repairs shall be made only in compliance withapplicable contractual requirements and after authorization for each incident bythe procuring NASA Center. Repairs shall be accomplished using documentedmethods previously approved by the procuring NASA Center. For in-houseNASA projects, repairs shall be authorized for each incident by the Project Officeand Quality Management.3J107DEFINITIONSAcronyms are found in Appendix A. Definitions are found in NHB 5300.4(1G).Unique definitions for this Standard are listed in Appendix B.CHAPTER 2: TRAINING AND CERTIFICATIONPROGRAM3J200GENERAL1.The supplier is responsible for maintaining a documented training program thatmeets the requirements of this Standard.2.The supplier shall assure that design personnel are familiar with the requirementsof this Standard, staking and conformal coating techniques, and other pertinentrequirements of the contract. The supplier shall implement and document atraining program that provides the necessary training of staking and conformalcoating fabrication and inspection personnel in techniques, use of equipment,and procedures pertinent to their responsibilities in performance of the contractrequirements. The supplier is responsible for certifying and maintaining thecertification of each individual who fabricates, inspects, or instructs.3.Operators, inspectors, and instructors shall be qualified to fulfill all requirementsof this Standard involved in their assigned tasks. Demonstration of proficiencyand understanding of the requirements is a requisite for certification andrecertification. Evidence of certification status shall be maintained in the workarea.3J201VISION REQUIREMENTS1.The supplier is responsible for ensuring that all personnel who perform or inspectstaking or conformal coating applications meet the following vision testrequirements as a prerequisite to training, certification, and recertification. Thevision requirements may be met with corrected vision (personal eyeglasses). Thevision tests shall be administered every 2 years by a qualified eye examiner,accepted by the procuring supplier, using standard instruments and techniques.Results of the visual examinations shall be maintained and available for review.2.The following are minimum vision requirements:a.Far Vision. SnellenChart20/50.b.Near Vision. Jaeger 1 at 355.6 mm (14 inches), or reduced Snellen 20/20,or equivalent.c.Color Vision. Ability to distinguish red; green, blue, and yellow colors asprescribed in Dvorine Charts, Ishihara Plates, or AO-HRR Tests.NOTE: A PRACTICAL TEST, USING COLOR CODED WIRES AND/ORCOLOR CODED ELECTRICAL PARTS, AS APPLICABLE, IS ACCEPTABLEFOR COLOR VISION TESTING.3J202CERTIFICATION LEVELS1.Level A NASA instructors are certified by the NASA Training and CertificationBoard. Level A NASA instructors have the authority to train Level B instructors,operators, and inspectors. Upon successful course completion, a certificate shallbe issued.2.Certification of Level B instructors shall be provided by the supplier based onsuccessful completion of training by a Level A NASA instructor. Level Binstructors are authorized to train operators and inspectors employed at theirorganization and subtler contractors.3.Certification of inspectors shall be provided by the supplier based on successfulcompletion of training by a Level A NASA instructor or Level B supplierinstructor. An inspector is trained and certified to inspect for conformance withthe requirements of this Standard.4.Certification of operators shall be provided by the supplier based on successfulcompletion of training by a Level A NASA instructor or Level B supplierinstructor. An operator is trained and certified to apply polymeric materials inconformance with the requirements of this Standard. When operators arecertified to perform limited operations or processes, it shall be stated on thecertification card.3J203TRAINING PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS1.The supplier is responsible for training and certification of operators andinspectors in the staking and conformal coating processes and associatedprocessing equipment.2.The supplier training program documentation shall be submitted to the procuringNASA Center as directed by the contract. A NASA Generic Staking andConformal Coating Training Plan from the NASA Training Centers is availablefor use as a guideline.3.The training program shall:a.Identify the criteria for qualification and certification of Level B instructors,inspectors, and operators.b.Document the methods and procedures proposed to fulfill the requirementsof this Standard.c.Utilize visual standards consisting of satisfactory work samples or visualaids that clearly illustrate the quality characteristics of polymericapplications applicable to the contract.。

CAN/CSA-A5-93 Portland CementCementCAN/CSA-A8-93 MasonryCAN/CSA-A362-93 Blended Hydraulic CementA23.1-94 Concrete Materials and Methods of ConcreteConstructionA23.2-94 Methods of Test for ConcreteA23.1-00/A23.2-00 Concrete Materials and Methods of ConcreteConstruction / Methods of Test for ConcreteA23.3-94 Design of Concrete StructuresA60.1-M1976 (R1992) Vitrified Clay Pipe (withdrawn)*A60.3-M1976 (R1992) Vitrified Clay Pipe Joints (withdrawn)*CAN/CSA-A82.1-M87 (R1999) Burned Clay Brick (Solid Masonry Units Made FromClay or Shale)A82.3-M1978 (R1998) Calcium Silicate (Sand-Lime) Building BrickA82.4-M1978 (R1998) Structural Clay Load-Bearing Wall Tile/A82.5-M1978 (R1998) Structural Clay Non-Load-Bearing Tile/A82.6-M1978 (R1998) Standard Methods for Samples and TestingStructural Clay TileCAN3-A82.8-M78 (R1999) Hollow Clay BrickCAN/CSA-A82.27-M91 Gypsum Board (withdrawn)*A82.30-M1980 (R1992) Interior Furring, Lathing and Gypsum Plastering(withdrawn)*A82.31-M1980 Gypsum Board Application (withdrawn)*A82.56-M1976 Aggregate for Masonry Mortar (withdrawn)*CAN3-A93-M82 (R1998) Natural Airflow Ventilators for BuildingsA101-M1983 Thermal Insulation, Mineral Fibre, for Buildings(withdrawn)**(withdrawn): This standard is withdrawn, but is still referenced in Canadian Legislation. In cases where a newer edition replaces a withdrawn standard we have listed both.Standards Highlighted in Green TextA123.1-M1979 (R1992) Asphalt Shingles Surfaced with Mineral Granules(withdrawn)*A123.1-98Asphalt Shingles Made From Organic Felt andSurfaced with Mineral GranulesA123.5-98 Asphalt Shingle Made from Glass Felt and Surfacedwith Mineral GranulesA123.2-M1979 (R2001) Asphalt Coated Roofing SheetsA123.3-M1979 Asphalt or Tar Saturated Roofing FeltA123.3-98 Asphalt Saturated Organic Roofing FeltA123.4-M1979 Bitumen for Use in Construction of Built-Up RoofCoverings and Dampproofing and WaterproofingSystemsA123.4-98 Asphalt for Use in Construction of Built-Up RoofCoverings and Waterproofing SystemsCAN/CSA-A123.5-M90 Asphalt Shingles Made from Glass Felt and Surfacedwith Mineral GranulesA123.17-1963 (R2001) Asphalt-Saturated Felted Glass-Fibre Mat for Use inConstruction of Built-Up RoofsCAN3-A123.51-M85 (R2001) Asphalt Shingle Application on Roof Slopes 1:3 andSteeperCAN3-A123.52-M85 (R2001) Asphalt Shingle Application on Roof Slopes 1:6 toLess than 1:3A165.1-94 Concrete Masonry UnitsA165.2-94 Concrete Brick Masonry UnitsA165.3-94 Prefaced Concrete Masonry UnitsA165.4-94 Autoclaved Cellular UnitsCAN/CSA-A220.0-M91 Performance of Concrete Roof TilesCAN/CSA-A220.1-M91 Installation of Concrete Roof TilesCAN/CSA-A247-M86 (R1996) Insulating Fibreboard*(withdrawn): This standard is withdrawn, but is still referenced in Canadian Legislation. In cases where a newer edition replaces a withdrawn standard we have listed both.Standards Highlighted in Green TextCAN/CSA-A257 Series-M92 (R1998)CAN/CSA-A257.0-M92 Methods for Determining Physical Properties ofCircular Concrete Pipe, Manhole Sections, CatchBasins, and FittingsCAN/CSA-A257.1-M92 Circular Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain, Sewer Pipeand FittingsCAN/CSA-A257.2-M92 Reinforced Circular Concrete Culvert, Storm Drain,Sewer Pipe and FittingsCAN/CSA-A257.3-M92 Joints for Circular Concrete Sewer and Culvert Pipe,Manhole Sections, and Fittings Using RubberGasketsCAN/CSA-A257.4-M92 Precast Reinforced Circular Concrete ManholeSections, Catch Basins, and FittingsCAN3-A266.1-M78 Air-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete (withdrawn)* CAN3-A266.2-M78 Chemical Admixtures for Concrete (withdrawn)*CAN/CSA-A277-90 (R1998) Procedures for Certification of Factory-Built HousesA277-01 Procedures for Certification of Factory-Built Houses CAN/CSA-A324-M88 (R2001) Clay Flue LinersA371-94 (R1999) Masonry Construction for BuildingsCAN/CSA-A405-M87 Design and Construction of Masonry Chimneys andFireplacesCAN3-A438-M84 (R1996) Concrete Construction for Housing and SmallBuildingsA438-01 Concrete Construction for Housing and SmallBuildingsCAN/CSA-A440-M90WindowsCAN/CSA-A440.1-M1990User Selection Guide to CSA Standard CAN/CSA-A440-M90, WindowsA440-00Windows*(withdrawn): This standard is withdrawn, but is still referenced in Canadian Legislation. In cases where a newer edition replaces a withdrawn standard we have listed both.Standards Highlighted in Green TextA440.1-00 User Selection Guide to CSA Standard A440-00,WindowsA440.2-M1991Energy Performance Evaluation of Windows andSliding Glass DoorsA440.3-M1991User Guide to A440.2-92 Energy PerformanceEvaluation of Windows and Sliding Glass DoorsA440.2-98Energy Performance of Windows and OtherFenestration SystemsA440.3-98User Guide to CSA Standard A440.2-98 EnergyPerformance of Windows and Other FenestrationSystemsA440.4-98Window and Door InstallationCAN/CSA-B44-94 Safety Code for Elevators, Escalators, Dumbwaiters,Moving Walks and Freight Platform LiftsB44-00 Safety Code for ElevatorsB45 Series-94B45.0-94 General Requirements for Plumbing Fixtures(withdrawn)*B45.1-94 Ceramic Plumbing Fixtures (withdrawn)*B45.2-94 Enamelled Cast Iron Plumbing Fixtures(withdrawn)*B45.3-94 Porcelain-Enamelled Steel Plumbing Fixtures(withdrawn)*B45.4-94 Stainless Steel Plumbing Fixtures (withdrawn)*B45.5-94 Plastic Plumbing Fixtures (withdrawn)*B45.6-94 Non Re-circulating Toilets and Waste Holding Tanksfor Use in Recreational Vehicles (withdrawn)*B45.7-94 Self-Contained, Recirculating, Chemically ControlledToilets for Use in Recreational Vehicles(withdrawn)*B45.0-02 General Requirements for Plumbing FixturesB45.1-02 Ceramic Plumbing FixturesB45.2-02 Enamelled Cast Iron Plumbing FixturesB45.3-02 Porcelain-Enamelled Steel Plumbing FixturesB45.4-02 Stainless Steel Plumbing FixturesB45.5-02 Plastic Plumbing Fixtures*(withdrawn): This standard is withdrawn, but is still referenced in Canadian Legislation. In cases where a newer edition replaces a withdrawn standard we have listed both.Standards Highlighted in Green TextB45.6-02 Non Re-circulating Toilets and Waste Holding Tanksfor Use in Recreational VehiclesB45.7-02 Self-Contained, Recirculating, Chemically ControlledToilets for Use in Recreational VehiclesB45.8-02 Terrazzo Plumbing FixturesB45.9-02 Macerating Systems and Related ComponentsCAN/CSA-B52-95 Mechanical Refrigeration Code (withdrawn)*B52-99 Mechanical Refrigeration CodeCAN/CSA-B64 Series-94 (R1999)CAN/CSA-B64.0-94 Definitions, General Requirements, and TestMethods for Vacuum Breakers and BackflowPreventersCAN/CSA-B64.1.1-94 Vacuum Breakers, Atmospheric Type (AVB)CAN/CSA-B64.1.2-94 Vacuum Breakers, Pressure Type (PVB)CAN/CSA-B64.2-94 Vacuum Breakers, Hose Connection TypeCAN/CSA-B64.2.1-94 Vacuum Breakers, Hose Connection Type (HCVB)with Manual Draining FeatureCAN/CSA-B64.2.2-94 Vacuum Breakers, Hose Connection Type (HCVB)with Automatic Draining FeatureCAN/CSA-B64.3-94 Backflow Preventers, Dual Check Valve TypeAtmospheric Port (DACP)CAN/CSA-B64.4-94 Backflow Preventers, Reduced Pressure PrincipleType (RP)CAN/CSA-B64.5-94 Backflow Preventers, Double Check Valve Type(DCVA)CAN/CSA-B64.6-94 Backflow Preventers, Dual Check Valve Type (DuC) CAN/CSA-B64.7-94 Vacuum Breakers, Laboratory Faucet Type (LFVP) CAN/CSA-B64.8-94 Backflow Preventers, Dual Check Valve Type withIntermediate Vent (DuCV)B64.0-01Definitions, General Requirements, and TestMethods for Vacuum Breakers and BackflowPreventersB64.1.1-01 Vacuum Breakers, Atmospheric Type (AVB)B64.1.2-01 Vacuum Breakers, Pressure Type (PVB)B64.2-01 Vacuum Breakers, Hose Connection Type (HCVB)B64.2.1-01 Vacuum Breakers, Hose Connection Type (HCVB)with Manual Draining Feature*(withdrawn): This standard is withdrawn, but is still referenced in Canadian Legislation. In cases where a newer edition replaces a withdrawn standard we have listed both.Standards Highlighted in Green TextB64.2.1.1-01 Vacuum Breakers, Hose Connection Dual CheckType (HCDVB)B64.2.2-01 Vacuum Breakers, Hose Connection Type (HCVB)with Automatic Draining FeatureB64.3-01 Backflow Preventers, Dual Check Valve Type withAtmospheric Port (DCAP)B64.3.1-01 Backflow Preventers, Dual Check Valve Type withAtmospheric Port for Carbonators (DCAPC)B64.4-01 Backflow Preventers, Reduced Pressure PrincipleType (RP)B64.4.1-01 Backflow Preventers, Reduced Pressure PrincipleType for Fire Systems (RPF)B64.5-01 Backflow Preventers, Double Check Valve Type(DCVA)B64.5.1-01 Backflow Preventers, Double Check Valve Type forFire Systems (DCVAF)B64.6-01 Backflow Preventers, Dual Check Valve Type (DuC)B64.6.1-01 Backflow Preventers, Dual Check Valve Type for FireSystems (DuCF)B64.7-01 Vacuum Breakers, Laboratory Faucet Type (LFVB)B64.8-01 Backflow Preventers, Dual Check Valve Type withIntermediate Vent (DuCV)B64.9-01 Backflow Preventers, Single Check Valve Type forFire Systems (SCVAF)CAN/CSA-B64.10-94 (R1999) Manual for the Selection, Installation, Maintenanceand Field Testing of Backflow Prevention DevicesB64.10-01/B64.10.1-01 Manual for the Selection and Installation of BackflowPrevention Devices/Manual for the Maintenance andField Testing of Backflow Prevention DevicesCAN/CSA-B66-M90 (R1998) Prefabricated Septic Tanks and Sewage HoldingTanksB66-00 Prefabricated Septic Tanks and Sewage HoldingTanksB67-1972 (R1996) Lead Service Pipe, Waste Pipe, Traps, Bends andAccessoriesCAN/CSA-B70-M91 Cast Iron Soil Pipe, Fittings and Means of Joining(withdrawn)*CAN/CSA-B70-97 Cast Iron Soil Pipe, Fittings and Means of Joining*(withdrawn): This standard is withdrawn, but is still referenced in Canadian Legislation. In cases where a newer edition replaces a withdrawn standard we have listed both.Standards Highlighted in Green TextB111-1974 (R1998) Wire Nails, Spikes and StaplesB125-93 Plumbing Fittings (withdrawn)*B125-01 Plumbing FittingsB127.1-M1977 Components for Use in Asbestos Cement Drain,Waste and Vent Systems (withdrawn)*B127.1-99 Asbestos Cement Drain, Waste Vent Pipe and PipeFittingsB127.2-M1977 (R1997) Components for Use in Asbestos Cement BuildingSewer SystemsCAN/CSA-B137.1-M89 Polyethylene Pipe, Tubing and Fittings for ColdWater Pressure ServicesB137.2-93 PVC Injection-Moulded Gasketed Fittings forPressure ApplicationsB137.3-93 Rigid Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pipe for PressureApplicationsCAN/CSA-B137.5-M89 Cross-Linked Polyethylene (PEX) Tubing Systemsfor Pressure ApplicationsB137.6-M1983 CPVC Pipe, Tubing and Fittings for Hot and ColdWater Distribution SystemsB137.7-M1983 (R1995) Polybutylene (PB) Pipe for Cold Water DistributionSystemsCAN/CSA-B137.8-M92 Polybutylene (PB) Piping for Pressure Applications CAN/CSA-B137.9-M91 Polyethylene/Aluminum/Polyethylene CompositePressure Pipe Systems*(withdrawn): This standard is withdrawn, but is still referenced in Canadian Legislation. In cases where a newer edition replaces a withdrawn standard we have listed both.Standards Highlighted in Green TextCAN/CSA-B137.10-M91 Crosslinked Polyethylene/Aluminum CrosslinkedPolyethylene Composite Pressure Pipe SystemsB137.11-93 Polypropylene (PP-R) Pipe and Fittings for PressureApplicationsB137 Series-02B137.0-02 Definitions, General Requirements, and Methods ofTesting for Thermoplastic Pressure PipingB137.1-02 Polyethylene Pipe, Tubing and Fittings for ColdWater Pressure ServicesB137.2-02 PVC Injection-Moulded Gasketed Fittings forPressure ApplicationsB137.3-02 Rigid Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pipe for PressureApplicationsB137.4-02 Polyethylene Piping Systems for Gas ServicesB137.4.1-02 Electrofusion-Type Polyethylene Fittings for GasServicesB137.5-02 Cross-Linked Polyethylene (PEX) Tubing Systemsfor Pressure ApplicationsB137.6-02 CPVC Pipe, Tubing and Fittings for Hot and ColdWater Distribution SystemsB137.8-02 Polybutylene (PB) Piping for Pressure ApplicationsB137.9-02 Polyethylene/Aluminum/Polyethylene CompositePressure Pipe SystemsB137.10-02 Crosslinked Polyethylene/Aluminum CrosslinkedPolyethylene Composite Pressure Pipe SystemsB137.11-02 Polypropylene (PP-R) Pipe and Fittings for PressureApplicationsB137.12-02 Polyamide Piping For Gas ServicesB158.1-1976 (R1992) Cast Brass Solder Joint Drainage, Waste and VentFittings (withdrawn)*CAN/CSA-B181.1-M90 ABS Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe and Pipe Fittings(withdrawn)*CAN/CSA-B181.2-M90 PVC Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipeand Pipe Fittings (withdrawn)*Polyolefin Laboratory Drainage SystemsCAN/CSA-B181.3-M86(R1998)*(withdrawn): This standard is withdrawn, but is still referenced in Canadian Legislation. In cases where a newer edition replaces a withdrawn standard we have listed both.Standards Highlighted in Green TextCAN/CSA-B182.1-M96 Plastic Drain and Sewer Pipe and Pipe FittingsCAN/CSA-B182.2-M90 PVC Sewer Pipe and Fittings (PSM Type)CAN/CSA-B182.4-M92 Profile (Ribbed) PVC Sewer Pipe and FittingsCAN/CSA-B182.6-M92 Profile Polyethylene Sewer Pipe and FittingsB181.1-02 ABS Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe and Pipe FittingsB181.2.02 PVC Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe and Pipe FittingsB181.3-02 Polyolefin Laboratory Drainage SystemsB181.5-02 Coextruded ABS/PVC Drain, Waste, and Vent PipeB182.1-02 Plastic Drain and Sewer Pipe and Pipe FittingsB182.2-02 PVC Sewer Pipe and Fittings (PSM Type)B182.4-02 Profile (Ribbed) PVC Sewer Pipe and FittingsB182.6-02 Profile Polyethylene Sewer Pipe and FittingsB182.7-02 Multilayer PVC Sewer Pipe (PSM Type) HavingReprocessed-Recycled ContentB182.8-02 Profile Polyethylene Storm Sewer and Drainage Pipeand FittingsB182.11-02 Recommended Practice for the Installation ofThermoplastic Drain, Storm and Sewer Pipe andFittingsB242-M1980 (R1998) Grove and Shoulder Type Mechanical PipeCouplingsB272-93 (R2000) Prefabricated Self-Sealing Roof Vent FlashingsCAN/CSA-B281-M90 Aluminum Drain, Waste, and Vent Pipe andComponentsB355-94 Lifts for Persons with Physical DisabilitiesB355-00 Lifts for Persons with Physical Disabilities*(withdrawn): This standard is withdrawn, but is still referenced in Canadian Legislation. In cases where a newer edition replaces a withdrawn standard we have listed both.Standards Highlighted in Green TextB356-M1979 (1998) Water Pressure Reducing Valves for DomesticWater Supply SystemsB356-00 Backflow Preventers and Water Pressure ReducingValvesCAN/CSA-B365-M91 (R1998) Installation Code for Solid-Fuel Burning Appliancesand EquipmentB365-01 Installation Code for Solid-Fuel Burning Appliancesand EquipmentCAN/CSA-B366.1-M87 Solid Fuel-Fired Central Heating Appliances(withdrawn)*CAN/CSA-B366.1-M91 Solid Fuel-Fired Central Heating AppliancesCAN/CSA-B602-M90 Mechanical Couplings for Drain, Waste, and VentPipe and Sewer Pipe (withdrawn)*B602-99 Mechanical Couplings for Drain, Waste, and VentPipe and Sewer PipeC22.2 No.0.3-96 Test Methods for Electrical Wires and CablesC22.2 No.0.3-01 Test Methods for Electrical Wires and CablesC22.2 No.113-M1984 (R1999) Fans and VentilatorsC22.2 No.141-M1985 (R1999) Unit Equipment for Emergency LightingC22.2 No.141-02 Unit Equipment for Emergency LightingC22.2 No.211.0-M1984 (R1999) General Requirements and Methods of Testing forNonmetallic ConduitOverhead SystemsCAN/CSA-C22.3 No.1-M87(R2001)C22.3 No. 1-01 Overhead SystemsCAN/CSA-C88-M90 (R1999) Power Transformers and ReactorsCAN/CSA-C260-M90 (R1997) Rating for the Performance of ResidentialMechanical Ventilating EquipmentCAN/CSA-C282-M89 (R1996) Emergency Electrical Power Supply for BuildingsCAN/CSA-C282-00 Emergency Electrical Power Supply for Buildings*(withdrawn): This standard is withdrawn, but is still referenced in Canadian Legislation. In cases where a newer edition replaces a withdrawn standard we have listed both.Standards Highlighted in Green TextCAN/CSA-C439-88 (R1998) Standard Methods of Test for Rating thePerformance of Heat Recovery VentilatorsCAN/CSA-C439-00 Standard Methods of Test for Rating thePerformance of Heat/Energy- Recovery Ventilators CAN/CSA-C445-M92 (R1998) Design and Installation of Earth Energy Heat PumpSystems for Residential and Other Small BuildingsC447-94 (R1999) Design and Installation of Earth Energy Heat PumpSystems for Commercial and Institutional Buildings CAN/CSA-F280-M90 (R1999) Determining the Required Capacity of ResidentialSpace Heating and Cooling AppliancesCAN/CSA-F379.1-88 (R1999) Solar Domestic Hot Water Systems (Liquid to LiquidHeat Transfer)CAN/CSA-F383-87 (R1998) Installation Code for Solar Domestic Hot WaterSystemsCAN/CSA-G40.20-M92General Requirements for Rolled or WeldedStructural Quality SteelCAN/CSA-G40.21-M92Structural Quality SteelG40.20-98General Requirements for Rolled or WeldedStructural Quality SteelG40.21-98Structural Quality SteelG164-M1981 Hot Dip Galvanising of Irregularly Shaped Articles(withdrawn)*CAN/CSA-G164-M92 (R1998) Hot Dip Galvanising of Irregularly Shaped ArticlesG401-93 Corrugated Steel Pipe ProductsG401-01 Corrugated Steel Pipe ProductsCAN/CSA-O80 Series-97CAN/CSA-O80.0-97 Wood PreservationCAN/CSA-O80.M1-97 Guide for Purchasers and Specifiers of TreatedWoodCAN/CSA-O80.M3-97 Standard for Quality Control Procedures for Wood-Preserving Plants*(withdrawn): This standard is withdrawn, but is still referenced in Canadian Legislation. In cases where a newer edition replaces a withdrawn standard we have listed both.Standards Highlighted in Green TextCAN/CSA-O80.1-97 Preservative Treatment of All Timber Products byPressure ProcessesCAN/CSA-O80.2-97 Preservative Treatment of Lumber, Timber, BridgeTies and Mine Ties by Pressure ProcessesCAN/CSA-O80.3-97 Preservative Treatment of Piles by PressureProcessesCAN/CSA-O80.4-97 Preservative Treatment of Poles by PressureProcessesCAN/CSA-O80.5-97 Preservative Treatment of Posts by PressureProcessesCAN/CSA-O80.6-97 Preservative Treatment of Crossties and Switch Tiesby Pressure ProcessesCAN/CSA-O80.7-97 Preservative Treatment of Western Red Cedar,Northern White Cedar, and Alaska Yellow CedarIncised Pole Butts by the Thermal ProcessCAN/CSA-O80.8-97 Preservative Treatment of Western Red Cedar, andAlaska Yellow Cedar Poles by the Full LengthThermal ProcessCAN/CSA-O80.9-97 Preservative Treatment of Plywood by PressureProcessesCAN/CSA-O80.10-97 Preservative Treatment of Lodgepole Pine Poles bythe Full Length Thermal ProcessCAN/CSA-O80.11-97 Preservative Treatment of Wood Blocks for Floorsand Platforms by Pressure ProcessesCAN/CSA-O80.14-97 Pressure Preserved Wood for Highway Construction CAN/CSA-O80.15-97 Preservative Treatment of Wood for BuildingFoundation Systems, Basements and Crawl Spacesby Pressure ProcessesCAN/CSA-O80.16-97 Preservative Treatment of Pole Building Constructionand Wood Used on Farms by Pressure Processes CAN/CSA-O80.18-97 Pressure-Treated Piles and Timbers in MarineConstructionCAN/CSA-O80.20-97 Fire-Retardant Treatment of Lumber by PressureProcessesCAN/CSA-O80.25-97 Preservative Treatment of Sawn Crossarms byPressure ProcessesCAN/CSA-O80.26-97 Preservative Treatment of Sawn Crossarms by Non-pressure ProcessesCAN/CSA-O80.27-97 Fire-Retardant Treatment of Plywood by PressureProcesses*(withdrawn): This standard is withdrawn, but is still referenced in Canadian Legislation. In cases where a newer edition replaces a withdrawn standard we have listed both.Standards Highlighted in Green TextCAN/CSA-O80.28-97 Preservative Treatment of Coast Douglas Fir andWestern Hemlock Structural Glued-LaminatedMembers and Laminations before Gluing, byPressure ProcessesCAN/CSA-O80.29-97 Pressure Treatment of Lumber for Use in Harvesting,Storage, and Transportation of Foodstuffs for HumanConsumptionCAN/CSA-O80.32-97 Preservative Treatment of Decking Lumber withWater-borne Preservatives by Pressure Processes CAN/CSA-O80.34-97 Pressure Preservative Treatment of Lumber andTimbers with Borates for Use Out of Ground Contactand Continuously Protected from Liquid WaterCAN/CSA-O80.201-97 Standard for Hydrocarbon Solvents for Preservatives CAN/CSA-O80.202-97 Standard for Creosote for Brush Treatment of fieldCutsCAN/CSA-O80.203-97 Preservative Treatment with Ammoniacal CopperZinc Arsenate (ACZA)CAN/CSA-O80.204-97 Preservative Treatment with Chromated CopperArsenate-Polyethylene Glycal (CCA-PEG)CAN/CSA-O80.205-97 Preservative Treatment with Chromated CopperArsenate-Oil Emulsion System (CCA-Oil)CAN/CSA-O80.206-97 Pressure Preservative Treatment with ChromatedCopper Arsenate-Water Repellent (CCA-WR)PreservativeO86.1-94 Engineering Design in Wood (Limit States Design)O86-01 Engineering Design in WoodO115-M1982 (R2001) Hardwood and Decorative PlywoodO118.1-97 Western Cedar Shakes and ShinglesO118.2-M1981 Eastern White Cedar ShinglesO121-M1978 (R1998) Douglas Fir PlywoodCAN/CSA.O122-M89 (R1999) Structural Glued-Laminated Timber*(withdrawn): This standard is withdrawn, but is still referenced in Canadian Legislation. In cases where a newer edition replaces a withdrawn standard we have listed both.Standards Highlighted in Green TextO132.2- M1977 Wood Doors (withdrawn)*CAN/CSA-O132.2 Series-90 (R1998)CAN/CSA-O132.2.0-90 General Requirements for Wood Flush DoorsCAN/CSA-O132.2.1-90 Solid Core Wood Flush DoorsCAN/CSA-O132.2.2-90 Hollow Core Wood Flush DoorsCAN/CSA-O132.2.3-90 Testing and Inspection Requirements for WoodFlush DoorsCAN/CSA-O132.2.4-90 Hardware Locations for Wood Flush DoorsCAN/CSA-O141-91 (R1999) Softwood LumberO151-M1978 (R1998) Canadian Softwood PlywoodO153-M1980 (R1998) Poplar PlywoodCAN/CSA-O177-M89 (R1998) Qualification Code for Manufacturers of StructuralGlued-Laminated TimberCAN3-O188.1-M78 Interior Mat-Formed Wood Particleboard(withdrawn)*CAN/CSA-O325.0-92 (R1998) Construction SheathingO437 Series-93 (R2001)O437.0-93 OSB and WaferboardO437.1-93 Test Methods for OSB and WaferboardO437.2-93 Evaluation of Binder Systems for OSB andWaferboard*(withdrawn): This standard is withdrawn, but is still referenced in Canadian Legislation. In cases where a newer edition replaces a withdrawn standard we have listed both.Standards Highlighted in Green TextCAN/CSA-S16.1-94 (R2000) Limit States Design of Steel StructuresS16-01 Limit States Design of Steel StructuresCAN/CSA-S37-M86 Antennas, Towers and Antenna SupportingStructuresS37-01 Antennas, Towers and Antenna SupportingStructuresS136-94 (R2001) Cold Formed Steel Structural MembersCAN3-S157-M83 (R2000) Strength Design in AluminumCAN3-S304-M84 (R1997) Masonry Design for BuildingsS304.1-94 (R2001) Masonry Design for Buildings (Limit States Design)S307-M1980 (R2001) Load Test Procedure for Wood Roof Trusses forHouses and Small BuildingsCAN3-S367-M81 (R1998) Air Supported StructuresCAN/CSA-S406-92 (R1998) Construction of Preserved Wood FoundationsCAN/CSA-S413-94 (R2000) Parking StructuresCAN/CSA-Z32.4-M86 Essential Electrical Systems for HospitalsCAN/CSA-Z32-99 Electrical Safety and Essential Electrical Systems inHealth Care FacilitiesCAN/CSA-Z91-M90 Safety Code for Window Cleaning OperationsZ91-02 Health and Safety Code for Suspended EquipmentOperationsCAN/CSA-Z240 MH Series-92(R2001)CAN/CSA-Z240.0.1-92 Definitions and General Requirements for MobileHomes*(withdrawn): This standard is withdrawn, but is still referenced in Canadian Legislation. In cases where a newer edition replaces a withdrawn standard we have listed both.Standards Highlighted in Green TextCAN/CSA-Z240.1.1-92 Vehicular Requirements for Mobile HomesCAN/CSA-Z240.2.1-92 Structural Requirements for Mobile HomesCAN/CSA-Z240.3.1-M92 Plumbing Requirements for Mobile HomesCAN/CSA-Z240.4.1-92 Installation Requirements for Gas-BurningAppliances in Mobile HomesCAN/CSA-Z240.5.1-92 Oil Installation Requirements for Mobile HomesCAN/CSA-Z240.8.1-M92 Light Duty WindowsCAN/CSA-Z240.9.1-92 Requirements for Load Calculations and DuctDesign for Heating and Cooling of Mobile HomesCAN/CSA-Z240.10.1-94 Site Preparation, Foundation and Anchorage ofMobile HomesCAN/CSA-Z241 Series-92 (R1998)CAN/CSA-Z241.0-92 Definitions and General Safety Requirements forPark Model TrailersCAN/CSA-Z241.1-92 Vehicular Requirements for Park Model TrailersCAN/CSA-Z241.2-92 Structural Requirements for Park Model TrailersCAN/CSA-Z241.3-92 Plumbing System Requirements for Park ModelTrailersCAN/CSA-Z241.4-92 Installation Requirements for Propane Appliancesand Equipment in Park Model TrailersCAN/CSA-Z241.5-92 Electrical Requirements for Park Model TrailersCAN/CSA-Z305.1-92 Nonflammable Medical Gas Piping SystemsCAN/CSA-Z317.2-M91 (R1998) Special Requirements for Heating, Ventilation andAir Conditioning (HVAC) Systems in Health CareFacilitiesCAN/CSA-Z317.2-01 Special Requirements for Heating, Ventilation, andAir Conditioning (HVAC) Systems in Health CareFacilities*(withdrawn): This standard is withdrawn, but is still referenced in Canadian Legislation. In cases where a newer edition replaces a withdrawn standard we have listed both.Standards Highlighted in Green Text。

U.S. NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSIONRevisom 1 July 1977x REGULATORY GUIDEOFFICE OF STANDARDS DEVELOPMENTREGULATORY GUIDE 1.115PROTECTION AGAINST LOW-TRAJECTORY TURBINE MISSILES A.INTRODUCTION•General Design Criterion 4, "Environmental and Missile Design Bases," of Appendix A, "General Design Criteria for Nuclear Power Plants," to 10 CFR Part 50, "Licensing of Production and Utiliza tion Facilities," requires, in part, that structures, systems, and components important to safety be ap propriately protected, against the effects of missiles that might result from equipment failures. Failures that could occur in the large steam turbines of the main turbine-generator sets have the potential for producing large high-energy missiles. This guide describes methods acceptable to the NRC staff for protecting safety-related structures, systems, and components against low-trajectory missiles resulting from turbine failure by appropriate orientation and placement of the turbine-generator set. The Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards has been con sulted concerning this guide and has concurred in the regulatory position.B. DISCUSSIONAlthough there is little information available on failures of large turbines, cumulative failure data based on operating history for conventional plants' indicate that the protection of safety-related portions of nuclear power plants from turbine missiles is an appropriate safety consideration. The two broad categories of t urbine failures are usually referred to as design overspeed failures and destructive overspeed failures. Missiles resulting from design overspeed failures are the result of brittle fracture of turbine blade wheels or portions of the turbine rotor itself. Failures of this type Ican occur dduring startup or nor*•Lines i ndicate substantive changes from previous issue. 'Bush, S. H., "Probability of Damage to Nuclear Components," Nuclear Safety, Vol. 14, No. 3, May-June, 1973.mal operation. Missiles resulting from destructive -overspeed -failures would be generated7-iftie overspeed protection system malfunctions and the turbine speed increases to a point at which the low pressure wheels or rotor will undergo ductile failure. The kinetic energy of ejected missiles can b'e sufficient to damage even substantial reinforced concrete slabs and panels. Thus turbine missiles have the potential for damaging safety-related structures, systems, and components of the plant.Missiles from a turbine failure can be divided intotwo groups: "high-trajectory" missiles, which areejected upward through the turbine casing and may cause damage if the falling missile strikes an essential system and "low-trajectory" or "direct" missiles, which are ejected from the turbine casing directly toward an essential system. This guide outlines accep table methods of protection against low-trajectory turbine missiles.Consideration of turbine missile protection is rele vant for essential systems, i.e., those structures, systems, and components necessary to ensure: 1. The integrity of the reactor coolant pressure boundary,2. The capability to shut down the reactor and maintain it in a cold shutdown condition, or3. The capability to prevent accidents that could result in potential offsite exposures that are a signifi cant fraction of the guideline exposures of 10 CFR Part 100, "Reactor Site Criteria."The potential consequences of turbine missiles in clude direct effects (e.g., damage to the spent fuel storage pool) as well as indirect effects (e.g., impair ment of vital control room functions). In either case, it is necessary to show that the risk from turbine mis-USNRC REGULATORY GUIDESComments should be sent to the Secretary of the Commission, U.S. Nuclear Regu latory Commission, Washington, D.C. 20555, Attention: Docketing and Service Regulatory Guidets are issued to describe and make available to the public methods Branch.acceptable to the NRC staff of implementing specific parts of the Commission's regulations, to delineate techniques used by the staff in evaluating sOecific problems The guides are issued in th? following ten broad divisions: or postulated accidents, or to provide guidance to applicants. Regulatory Guides are not substitutes for regulations, and compliance with them is not required. 1. Power Reactors6. ProductsMethods and solutions differ.ent from those 4bt out in the guides will be accept- 2. Research and Test Reactors 7. Transportationable if they provide a basis for the findings requisite to the issuance or continuance3. Fuels and Materials Facilities 8. Occupational Health of a it orolicens by t ommissin.4. Environmental and Siting9. Antitrust Review apermit o r liense by the Commission. 5. Materials and Plant Protection10. GeneralComments and suggestions for improvements in these guides are encouraged at allRequests for single copies of issued guides (which may be reproduced) or for place times, and guides will be revised, as appropriate, to accommodate comments and ment on an automatic distribution list for single copies of future guides in specific to reflect new information or experience. This guide was revised as a result of divisions should be made in writing to the US. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, substantive comments received from the public and additional staff review.Washington, D.C. 20555. Attention: Director. Division of Document Control.siles is acceptably small, either because design features ate provided to prevent damage or because the probability of a strike by a turbine missile is suf ficiently low. Turbine orientation and placement,shielding, quality assurance in design and fabrication, inspection and testing programs, and overspeed protection systems are the principal means of safeguarding against turbine missiles. The first of these, turbine orientation and placement, provides a high degree of confidence that low-trajectory missiles resulting from turbine failures will not damage essen tial systems.The probability of damage by low-trajectory tur bine missiles is large enough to warrant design precautions in future plants. The historical failure data on conventional units indicate that an incidence rate of 10' per turbine year is appropriate for material failures at speeds up to design overspeed (120% to 130% of turbine operating speed). There is reason to believe that improvements in turbine design, particularly in materials selection, will reduce the design overspeed failure rate. However, an operating history of the length required to permit es timates of very low failure rates, even in the absence of any failures, has not been accumulated. This, and the recurrence of disc or rotor degradation due to other causes, leads the staff to conclude that without additional evidence, use of the historical failure rateis appropriate. Assurance of low failure rates can be enhanced by an inservice inspection program. Tradeoffs between frequency and level of testing and improvements in reliability are currently under studyby the NRC staff.A more difficult protection problem is presentedby runaway turbine failures that may result in turbine speeds of 180% to 190% prior to destructive failure ofthe turbine wheels or shaft. Again, historical data indicate a destructive overspeed failure rate of about10" per turbine year. The staff's view is, however,that significant reduction in the rate of destructive overspeed failures may be obtained by the application of improved overspeed protection systems, redundant turbine steam valving, improved valve design, and frequent valve testing. The degree ofcredit for improved systems and procedures appearsto be limited primarily by the reliability of turbinesteam valving. Many of the destructive overspeed failures of recent years were caused by the failure ofturbine steam valves to close and stop the flow ofsteam even though a trip signal was generated. A definitive study of turbine valve failure modes is not available in the published literature, but the subje& is currently being investigated by the NRC staff.I~Figure 1 Low-Trajectory Turbine Missile Strike Zone1.115-2I IEvidence currently available' indicates that low trajectory turbine missile strikes will be concentrated within an area bounded by lines inclined at 25 degrees to the turbine wheel planes and passing through the end wheels of the low-pressure stages (see Figure 1). This applies to the low-pressure :stage shrunk-on wheels of the 1800-rpm turbines generally used with light-water-cooled reactors. Essential systems within this area and close to the turbine axis are most vulnerable; those further removed from the turbine axis are less likely to be hit by a missile. Systems out side this area are not endangered by high-energy low trajectory missiles.The staff has concluded that protecting essential systems by excluding them from the low-trajectory hazard zone has less associated uncertainty than other methods and thus is the preferred method of protection. However, plants with less favorable tur bine orientation have been found acceptable. The protection of an essential system within the low trajectory missile strike zone is considered adequate against low-trajectory turbine missiles if the system is either small enough or far enough removed from the turbine that the probability of its being struck by a turbine missile is less than 1NO-. If more than one es sential system is so located, the sum of the probabilities of their being struck should be less than "iO(. This criterion is a conservative way to ensure that the hazard rate due to low-trajectory turbine missiles is less than 10- per year, which the NRC staff considers an acceptable risk rate for the loss of an essential system from a single event. Combina tions of such measures as care in the placement of es sential systems, separation of redundant equipment, and special attention to turbine valve reliability have been shown, through -detailed strike and damage analyses, to have accomplished the objective of en suring a low risk of damage from turbine missiles.Some degree of protection against low-trajectory turbine missiles may be provided by barriers. There is no body of experimental evidence on the impact ef fects of large irregularly shaped missiles similar to those observed in turbine failures on either steel or reinforced concrete structures. Considerable uncer tainty attends the current practice of using damage predictions based on ordnance data, particularly in the choice of an "effective impact area." However, conservative damage predictions can be made by us ing results of similar tests and conservative assump tions. Some recent data3 were motivated by protec tion against tornado missiles. For cases in which the impact was normal and the impact area known, there was good correlation3 between actual penetration dis tances into reinforced concrete and those predicted2Ibid."3"Full-Scale Tornado-Missile Impact Tests," EPRI NP-148, Electric Power Research Institute, April 1976.by'the Modified National Defense Research Council (NDRC) formula.' Predictions of backface scabbing due to missile impact were not as good. For metal structures, application of the Ballistic Research Laboratory (BRL) formula5 should give conservative results for large missiles.If multiple barriers are counted on to protect essen tial systems, the protection is deemed adequate if the last barrier will stop the missile without generating secondary missiles that could damage any essential system. For calculating residual velocities after the missile has perforated a barrier, the following relationship is conservative:2 2 V2vr = (vi -vp)where vr = residual missile velocity after perforation,Vi= incident missile velocity, andVp = incident missile velocity required to justperforate the barrier, calculated by conservative use of penetration data.This guide addresses only large missiles that might be ejected in the event of a turbine failure. The in herent protection provided in most plants (generally 1 ½/ to 2 feet of reinforced concrete) ensures that minor missiles, which could be ejected in significant numbers and in widely scattered directions once the casing is breached, would not result in damage to es sential systems.Since turbine missile hazards may arise from non nuclear as well as other nuclear units on the site, con sideration should be given to the placement of pre sent and, to the extent possible, future units on the site. It should be recognized that the placement of currently proposed plants may affect the future place ment of additional units.C. REGULATORY POSITION1. Essential systems of a nuclear power plant should be protected against low-trajectory turbine missiles due to failure of main turbine-generator sets. Consideration may be limited to the structures, systems, and components listed in the Appendix to Regulatory Guide 1.117, "Tornado Design Clas-. sification." The effect of physical separation of redundant or alternative systems may also be con sidered. Each essential system and its location should be identified on dimensioned plan and elevation layout drawings."Kennedy, R. P., "A Review of Procedures for Analysis and Design of Concrete Structures to Resist Missile Impact Effects," Nuclear Engineering a nd Design, 1976. "5"Fundamentals of Protective Design," TM-5-855-1, Department of the Army, July 1965.1.115-32. Protection of essential systems or structures against direct strikes by low-trajectory turbine mis siles can be provided by appropriate placement and orientation of the turbine units. The protection of an essential system is acceptable if the system and any protecting structure are located outside the low trajectory missile strike zones, which are defined by :±25-degree lines emanating from the centers of the first and last low-pressure turbine wheels as measured from the plane of the wheels (see Figure 1). The strike zones associated with the turbines of all present and future nuclear and nonnuclear units at the site should be considered.3. When protection of essential systems is provided by barriers, dimensioned plan and elevation layout drawings should include information on wall or slab thicknesses and materials of pertinent struc tures. The protection is considered acceptable if no missile can compromise the final barrier protecting an essential system. Steel barriers should be thick enough to prevent perforation. Concrete barriers should be thick enough to prevent backface scab bing.4. The protection of essential systems located within the low-trajectory missile strike zone is accepUNITED STATESNUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSIONWASHINGTON, D. C. 20555OFFICIAL BUSINESSPENALTY FOR PRIVATE USE, $300table if, in the event of a turbine failure, the probability of damage summed over all such systems Iis less than, 10.35. Turbine designs significantly different from current 1800-rpm machines will be reviewed on a caseby-case basis to determine the applicability of the'strike zone.D. IMPLEMENTATIONThe purpose of this section is to provide information to applicants regarding the NRC staff's plans forusing this regulatory guide.This guide reflects current NRC staff practice. Therefore, except in those cases in which the applicant proposes an acceptable alternative method for complying with specified portions of the Commission's regulations, the method described herein is being and will continue to be used in the evaluation of submittals in connection with operating license or construction permit applications until this guide isrevised as a result of suggestions from the public or additional staff review.POSTAGE AND FEES PAIDU.S. NUCLEAR REGULATORY iCOMMISSIONI。

核电厂抗震设计阻尼值DAMPING VALUES FOR SEISMIC DESIGN OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS美国核管理委员会USNRC RG 1.61（2007年3月第一次修订版）环境保护部核与辐射安全中心二〇一二年九月美国核管理委员会2007年3月第一次修订版管理导则核监管研究办公室管理导则1.61（草案编号DG-1157，2006年10月出版）核电厂抗震设计阻尼值 1.61 (2007026)A.引言根据HAF102要求，本导则为核电厂Ⅰ类抗震结构、系统和部件（SSCs）地震反应分析中所使用、可接受的阻尼值提供指导。

特别地，HAD102/02 要求对安全重要的SSCs设计应抵御诸如地震等自然灾害的影响而不能失去其正常的安全性能。

这些SSCs也应设计成适应灾害影响并适应与正常环境条件有关的运行事件和假想事件。

我国核安全监管当局认为本导则规定的阻尼值符合有关地震反应分析的规范和导则的要求。

指定的阻尼值用于弹性模态地震反应分析，其中能量耗散用粘滞阻尼模拟（即，阻尼力与速度成比例）。

--------------------------------------------------------------------B.讨论背景阻尼是衡量动力荷载作用下材料或结构系统能量耗散的尺度，用于描述动力系统能量耗散的数学模型及求解过程的专业术语。

开展弹性系统地震反应分析时，可以通过在模型中指定粘滞性阻尼大小（即阻尼力与速度成正比）来考虑能量耗散。

核工业界和许可证持有者建议核安全局接受更合理的阻尼值以用于SSCs的抗震分析与设计。

结构阻尼1993年最初版本Rg1.61提供了结构适用的阻尼值，有关结果见文献NUREG/CR-6011[3]，分析了有关数据以确定能显著影响结构阻尼的参数。

基于此项研究，最初版本Rg1.61阻尼值是合适的，但需要必要的修订。

特别是，对于钢结构，Rg1.61规范应区分摩擦型镙拴连接和承压型镙拴连接。

伴随人类社会不断的进步,人与自然,建筑与环境之间的关系密不可分.从当代人们所生活的环境中,我们可以看出环境艺术也在经历着自身的发展,而人们只有从尊重自然环境,尊重人类自身,才能够真正将环境艺术更好地融入建筑设计中去。

下面是环境设计英文参考文献的分享，供大家参考阅读。

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某新型核电站核岛建造过程的金属材料代换实践与分析张金东;吴崇志;郭倩;王宗奎【摘要】某新型核电站的核岛部分按某国外标准设计,其设备、部件和结构等使用的材料均符合ASTM、ASME等国外标准、规范.在该类型核电站依托项目的工程建设过程中,从降低建造成本和缩短采购周期等方面考虑,部分金属材料需要在国内进行采购,从而产生了诸多材料代换问题,例如由国标材料代换美标材料、美标材料代换美标材料等.概述了这些材料代换问题,对材料代换的起因和目的,材料代换应该遵循的原则,包括性能相当、标准规范许可、以及附加的设计协调措施等进行了详细描述,并对材料代换进行了分类和典型案例分析.根据所述方法和要素为基础,可形成核电工程建设过程中的材料代换标准化流程,为同类技术引进或出口项目过程中的材料代换提供借鉴.【期刊名称】《电焊机》【年(卷),期】2018(048)011【总页数】4页(P68-70,102)【关键词】核岛;金属材料;代换;分析【作者】张金东;吴崇志;郭倩;王宗奎【作者单位】国核工程有限公司,上海200233;国核工程有限公司,上海200233;国核工程有限公司,上海200233;国核工程有限公司,上海200233【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TL481 概述某新型核电站是我国引进的核电项目，核岛部分由某国外公司设计，设计体系基于该国的核安全法规、标准和规范，核岛的设备、部件和结构等使用材料均符合ASTM标准、ASME规范等标准和规范[1]。

在该类型核电站依托项目的工程建设过程中，由于设计文件交付延误、现场施工进度滞后等因素影响，从降低建造成本和缩短采购周期等方面考虑，部分金属材料需要在国内进行采购，从而产生了诸多材料代换问题。

在这些材料代换中，有些是主动代换，如对使用量大的钢筋进行国标材料代换；有些是被动代换，如对采购周期短、用量少的材料进行代换等。

在此分析研究材料代换原则及分类典型案例，为同类技术引进或出口项目过程中的材料代换提供借鉴。

August 2001DaimlerChryslerRoad vehiclesEMC requirements and tests of E/E systemsPart 2: Component test proceduresMBN 10 284-2Supersedes edition:Continued on pages 2 to 44Issued by :DaimlerChrysler AG D-70546 StuttgartNormung (EP/QDN)Technical responsibility (Name): GurtnerDepartment: EP/QDN Plant:019Telephone : (+49) 711 17- 2 08 39HPC:D652Sequence number 22 902/2Confidential! All rights reserved. Distribution and copes without written agreement by Daimler-Benz AG prohibited.Contractors may only receive standards through the responsible purchasing department.Contents 1General......................................................................................................................................................21.1Purpose.....................................................................................................................................................21.2Scope.........................................................................................................................................................21.3Normative references ..............................................................................................................................21.4Definitions.................................................................................................................................................41.5Test conditions.........................................................................................................................................41.6Test plan ...................................................................................................................................................41.7Test report and statement.......................................................................................................................41.8Test voltages............................................................................................................................................42Measuring and test equipment...............................................................................................................52.1Shielded enclosure..................................................................................................................................52.2Absorber-lined chamber..........................................................................................................................52.3Ground plane............................................................................................................................................52.4Stripline.....................................................................................................................................................52.5TEM cell.....................................................................................................................................................62.6Coupling clamp........................................................................................................................................62.7Current clamp...........................................................................................................................................62.8Artificial networks...................................................................................................................................72.8.1Transient disturbance emission.............................................................................................................72.8.2RF disturbance emission ........................................................................................................................72.9Electronic power switch..........................................................................................................................82.10ESD simulator...........................................................................................................................................82.11Coupling planes.......................................................................................................................................82.12Insulating bases.......................................................................................................................................83Emitted disturbances...............................................................................................................................93.1Conducted emissions..............................................................................................................................93.1.1Transient emissions conducted along supply lines.............................................................................93.1.2Radio disturbances conducted along supply lines............................................................................113.1.3Radio disturbance currents conducted along control/signal lines...................................................133.2Emission.................................................................................................................................................144.Immunity.................................................................................................................................................174.1Conducted disturbances......................................................................................................................174.2Radiation.................................................................................................................................................324.2.1Antenna radiation...................................................................................................................................324.2.2TEM cell...................................................................................................................................................344.2.3BCI method.............................................................................................................................................364.2.4Stripline...................................................................................................................................................384.3ESD (40)Date of translation 2002-03Page 2MBN 10 284-2 : 2001-081General1.1PurposeThe purpose of this Standard is to ensure electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) within the vehicle. In order to achieve this purpose, tests of the components alone (so-called "component tests") are described and the permissible emitted disturbances and immunity requirements defined. Deviations from the requirements contained in this Standard are only allowed if agreed explicitly in the specifications book between the supplier and the Mercedes-Benz vehicle line within DaimlerChrysler AG.The requirements are not deemed fulfilled until both the component test and the vehicle test have been passed. The purpose of component testing is a pre-qualification of components already at a time when no vehicles are yet available. Vehicle testing is authoritative for EMC approval.The Supplier shall comply with this Standard and ensure that its latest edition is used at all times.1.2ScopeThis Standard applies to all electrical and electronic components and subassemblies mounted in Mercedes-Benz vehicles.1.3Normative referencesThe EMC requirements and tests specified in this Standard are based, on principle, on the following national and international standards and statutory regulations listed below.DIN 40839-1:1992-10Elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit (EMV) in Straßenfahrzeugen.Leitungsgeführte impulsförmige Störgrößen auf Versorgungsleitungen in12-V-und 24-V-Bordnetzen.ISO 7637-3:1995-07Road vehicles, Electrical disturbance by conduction and coupling Part 3- Vehicles with nominal 12 V or 24 V supply voltage - Electrical transienttransmission by capacitive and inductive coupling via lines other thansupply lines.DIN ISO 7637-3:1999-02Straßenfahrzeuge, Elektrische Störungen durch Leitung und Kopplung,Teil 3: Fahrzeuge mit 12-V- oder 24-V-Bordnetz-Nennspannung,Übertragung von impulsförmigen elektrischen Störgrößen durchkapazitive und induktive Kopplung auf Leitungen, die keineVersorgungsleitungen sind (German translation of ISO 7637-3:1995).ISO 11452-1:1995-12Road vehicles, Electrical disturbances by narrowband radiatedelectromagnetic energy - Component test methods Part 1 - General anddefinitions.DIN ISO 11452-1:2000-03Straßenfahrzeuge, Elektrische Störung durch schmalbandige gestrahlteelektromagnetische Energie, Prüfverfahren für Komponenten, Teil 1:Allgemeines und Definitionen (German translation of ISO 11452-1:1995).ISO 11542-2:1995-12Road vehicles, Electrical disturbances by narrowband radiatedelectromagnetic energy - Component test methods Part 2 - Absorber-lined chamber.DIN ISO 11452-2:2000-03Straßenfahrzeuge, Elektrische Störungen durch schmalbandigegestrahlte elektromagnetische Energie, Prüfverfahren für Komponenten,Teil 2: Absorberraum (German translation of ISO 11452-2: 1995).ISO 11542-3:1995-12Road vehicles, Electrical disturbances by narrowband radiatedelectromagnetic energy - Component test methods Part 3 - Transverseelectromagnetic mode (TEM) cell.Page 3MBN 10 284-2 : 2001-08 DIN ISO 11452-3:2000-03Straßenfahrzeuge, Elektrische Störungen durch schmalbandigegestrahlte elektromagnetische Energie, Prüfverfahren für Komponenten,Teil 3: Transversal-Elektro-Magnetische (TEM)- Wellenleiter (Germantranslation of ISO 11452-3: 1995).ISO 11452-4:1995-12Road vehicles, Electrical disturbances by narrowband radiatedelectromagnetic energy - Component test methods Part 4 - Bulk currentinjection (BCI).DIN ISO 11452-4:2000-03Straßenfahrzeuge, Elektrische Störungen durch schmalbandigegestrahlte elektromagnetische Energie, Prüfverfahren für Komponenten,Teil 4: Stromeinspeisung (BCI) (German translation of ISO 11452-4:1995).ISO 11452-5:1995-12Road vehicles, Electrical disturbances by narrowband radiatedelectromagnetic energy - Component test methods Part 5 - Stripline.DIN ISO 11452-5:2000-03Straßenfahrzeuge, Elektrische Störungen durch schmalbandigegestrahlte elektromagnetische Energie, Prüfverfahren für Komponenten,Teil 5: Streifenleitung (German translation of ISO 11452-5: 1995).DIN VDE 0876-16-11):1998-05Anforderungen an Geräte und Einrichtungen sowie Festlegung derVerfahren zur Messung der hochfrequenten Störaussendung(Funkstörungen) und Störfestigkeit. Teil 1: Geräte und Einrichtungen zurMessung der hochfrequenten Störaussendung (Funkstörungen) undStörfestigkeit (German translation of CISPR 16-1: 1993).DIN VDE 0879-2:1999-03Grenzwerte und Messverfahren für Funkstörungen zum Schutz vonEmpfängern in Fahrzeugen (German translation of CISPR 25: 1995).ISO 106052):2000-08Road vehicles - Electrical disturbances from electrostatic discharges.ISO 16750-13):Road vehicles - Environmental conditions and testing for electrical andelectronic equipment Part 1 - General.ISO 16750-23):Road vehicles - Environmental conditions and testing for electrical andelectronic equipment Part 2 - Electrical loads.DIN EN 61000-4-2:1996-03Elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit (EMV), Teil 4: Prüf- undMessverfahren, Hauptabschnitt 2: Prüfung der Störfestigkeit gegen dieEntladung statischer Elektrizität (dt. Fassung von IEC 1000-4-2: 1995,Klassifikation VDE 0847 Teil 4-2).DIN IEC 60050-161:1990-08Internationales Elektrotechnisches Wörterbuch, Teil 161:Elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit. .1)draft at present2)DIS (Draft International Standard) at present3)CD (Committee Draft) at presentPage 4MBN 10 284-2 : 2001-081.4DefinitionsRefer to Part 1 of this Standard1.5Test conditionsRefer to Part 1 of this Standard1.6Test planRefer to Part 1 of this Standard1.7Test report and statementRefer to Part 1 of this Standard1.8Test voltagesThe permissible test voltages are indicated in Table 1.1.Table 1.1: Permissible test voltagesOnboard system U p in V12 V13,5 ± 0,224 V27 ± 0,242 V42 ± 0,5Page 5MBN 10 284-2 : 2001-08 2Measuring and test equipment2.1Shielded enclosureRefer to Part 1 of this Standard2.2Absorber-lined chamberRefer to Part 1 of this Standard2.3Ground planeThe ground plane shall be a metal panel (e.g. copper, copper zinc alloy (brass) or electroplated steel) with a minimum thickness of 1 mm. Unless otherwise indicated, the dimensions of the ground plane shall be 2 m x1 m. The size finally selected depends, however, on the dimensions of the device under test. The groundplane shall be connected to the ground of the test equipment.2.4StriplineA stripline consists of a conductive strip over a ground plane. For a schematic diagram of a strip line designrefer to Figure 2.1.terminating resistorFigure 2.1: Schematic diagram of a stripline designIt is capable of carrying a TEM mode. The impedance of the stripline primarily depends on the ratio between the strip width and the height above the ground plane. The line shall be terminated on one side (e.g. using a suitable terminating resistor). DIN ISO 11452-5 describes the design of a stripline in detail.A stripline with a nominal impedance of 90 W is preferred, whereby only the TEM mode can be propagated upto 200 MHz4). Due to the emission, the stripline shall be operated in an absorber-lined chamber (refer to 4)This restricts the maximum dimensions of the stripline.Page 6MBN 10 284-2 : 2001-082.5TEM cellA TEM cell consists of a conductive strip – the so-called septum – which is mounted insulated within a shielded enclosure. For a schematic diagram of a TEM cell refer to Fig. 2.2.conductor panelinner conductor (septum)Fig. 2.2: Schematic diagram of a TEM cell design.The design of a TEM cell is described in detail in DIN ISO 11452-3.A TEM cell with a nominal impedance of 50 W is preferred, whereby only the TEM mode can be propagatedup to 200 MHz 5). The TEM cell does not need to be operated in a shielded enclosure or an absorber-lined 2.6Coupling clampA coupling clamp allows the capacitive coupling of fast transient pulses in a harness. For a schematic diagram refer to Figure 2.3.moveableFig. 2.3: Schematic diagram of a coupling clamp.The coupling clamp to be used is described in detail in DIN ISO 7637-3. Its typical coupling capacity is approx. 100 pF and it has an impedance (without fitted harness) of 50 W .2.7Current clampCurrent clamp are current transformers which can be used both for injecting and measuring current in cables without interrupting the conductor.2.7.1Current injection clampCurrent injection clamp are optimised for the injection of currents in lines. They shall be dimensioned adequately with regard to their frequency range and injected power.5)This restricts the maximum dimensions of the TEM cell.Page 7MBN 10 284-2 : 2001-082.7.2Current measuring probeA current measuring probe is a hinged current transformer which is used to determine the strength of currents in an electrical conductor or cable. No direct (metallic) connection with the conductor is required in this process. The probe is arranged around the conductor to be tested which becomes a primary winding with one turn. The probe itself is the secondary winding with many turns. It shall have an output impedance of 50W . No saturation of the core shall occur either through the RF currents to be measured nor through the load currents.2.8Artificial networks2.8.1Transient disturbance emissionThe artificial network in accordance with DIN 40839-1 shall be used. This artificial network is intended tosimulate the harness impedance. For a schematic diagram, refer to Figure 2.4.A B BFig. 2.4: Artificial network in accordance with DIN 40839-1.2.8.2RF disturbance emissionThe artificial mains network in accordance with DIN VDE 0879-2 shall be used.The artificial mains network is intended:· to provide a defined RF impedance at the connections of the device under test,· to decouple the device under test from undesired RF signals from the power supply system, and ·to couple the RF disturbance voltage into the measuring receiver.For a schematic diagram refer to Figure 2.5.ABW(Input impedance/termination)50Fig. 2.5: Artificial network in accordance with DIN VDE 0879-2.The 50 W measuring receiver shall be connected to the measuring terminals M.Page 8MBN 10 284-2 : 2001-082.9Electronic power switchAn electronic power switch in accordance with DIN 40839-1 shall be used for defined disconnection of the battery. The specifications in accordance with Table 2.1 shall be complied with.Table 2.1: Electronic power switch specifications.Dielectric strength U max = 400 V at 25 ACurrent-carrying capacityImax= 25 Afor short periods (≤ 1 s) 100 AVoltage drop∆U≤ 1 V at 25 ATest voltages U1 = 13,5 V U2 = 27 V U3 = 42 VSwitching times 200 ... 400 ns with device under test (R = 0,6 W; L = 50 m H(at 1 kHz))2.10ESD simulatorRefer to Section 2.4 of Part 1 of this Standard2.11Coupling planesCoupling planes are used for ESD testing in order to conduct transient field tests. In this process, a discharge onto a metallic plate adjacent to the device under test using the ESD simulator is carried out. Horizontal and vertical coupling planes are used.2.11.1Vertical coupling planes (VCP)A vertical coupling plane is a metal panel with a thickness of no less than 0,25 mm and dimensions 0,5 m x0,5 m. It is conductively connected to the ground plane via 2 resistors with 470 k W and arranged in an upright position.2.11.2Horizontal coupling planes (HCP)A horizontal coupling plane is a metal panel with a thickness of no less than 0,25 mm and dimensions 1,6 mx 0,8 m. It may be larger where required by the test set-up. It is conductively connected to the ground plane via 2 resistors with 470 k W and arranged horizontally.2.12Insulating basesInsulating bases shall be between 0,5 mm and 2 mm thick and shall demonstrate a dielectric constant of between 2 and 5 (e.g. Polyethylene or Teflon). Their dielectric strength shall be maintained up to at least25 kV, and they shall rise at least 10 mm at all sides above their insulating devices.Page 9MBN 10 284-2 : 2001-083Emitted disturbances3.1Conducted emissions3.1.1Transient emissions conducted along supply linesThe test shall be carried out in analogy with DIN 40839-1. The disturbance voltage emission conducted along the supply lines of devices is measured whereby the device (or the coupled devices) shall be operated as intended.An autonomous measurement of inductive loads can be dispensed with, if · these are only ever installed together in an electrical/electronic system across all platforms,· the disturbance suppression circuit to limit the voltage transient is integrated in an electrical / electronic system,·crosstalk through the wiring harness is impossible.3.1.1.1Test set-upFor a schematic diagram of the test set-up refer to Figures 3.1 and 3.2.Fig. 3.1: Transient emission measurement. Device under test with one supply voltage connection.Fig. 3.2: Transient emission measurement. Device under test with two supply voltage connections.·Devices under test where the ground connection in the vehicle is via the vehicle body, shall be placed directly on the ground plane and connected with it. The ground plane serves as ground connection of the test under device with the artificial network.Page 10MBN 10 284-2 : 2001-08·Devices under test where the ground connection in the vehicle is via dedicated cable shall be placed ona 50 mm high insulating base.·Lines between devices under test and artificial mains network(s) shall be routed at a height of 50 mm above the ground plane and should be 200 mm long.·Switches shall be designed in accordance with DIN 40839-1 (refer to Section 2.9).·Artificial networks in accordance with DIN 40839-1 (refer to Section 2.8.1, integrated in switch, if possible) shall be used.·Selection of equivalent resistance R s: unless otherwise specified, 40 W shall be used for 12 V and 24 V connections and 120 W for 42 V connections.·The storage oscilloscopes shall have a sampling rate of at least 2 GS/s and an analog bandwidth of 500 MHz.·The probes shall be placed as close to the device under test as possible.·The battery shall be buffered, i.e. the battery voltage shall be maintained at the relevant test voltage by constant charging.3.1.1.2Test procedure·Electric motors which can be run to the locked status in normal operation shall be measured in their locked state.·Continuous disturbance sources shall be measured with closed switch.·Where the disturbance voltage is a consequence of switching off, the measurement shall commence at the moment when the switch is opened and record the complete disturbance emission.·In case of devices under test with two supply voltage connections, two measurements (switch-off of U1 / U2) shall be carried out.3.1.1.3Requirement·12 V and 42 V devices under testDeviating from DIN 40839-1, no classification of the disturbances emitted is made. The voltage shall not exceed the value of U tr,max = 75 V irrespective of the pulse shape.·24 V devices under testSeverity level III defined in DIN 40839-1 shall be achieved, i.e. the limit values indicated in Table 3.1 depending on the pulse shape (see test pulses in Section 4.1.1.2) shall not be exceeded.Table 3.1: Limit values for 24 V devices under test.Characteristic pulse shape Test pulsePermissible pulse amplitudeV1-150 275 3a75 3b-140 5a1503.1.2Radio disturbances conducted along supply linesRadio disturbance emissions conducted along supply lines shall be measured in analogy with DIN VDE 0879-2 within the frequency range of 150 kHz ... 110 MHz using one or several Artificial networks allowing the decoupling of the disturbance voltage.3.1.2.1Test set-upTest set-ups are illustrated in Figure 3.3.if requireda) Device under test with long ground line.b) Device under test with short ground line.c) Alternators and generatorsif requiredInsulating spacer,if requiredFig. 3.3: RF emissions conducted along supply lines: Test set-up.· The ground plane shall be no smaller than 400 mm x 1000 mm.·Artificial networks in accordance with DIN VDE 0879-2 (refer to Section 2.8.2) shall be used.· A measuring receiver in accordance with DIN VDE 0876-16-16)shall be connected to the measuringterminals M of the artificial mains network.· The cables between the device under test and the artificial mains network shall be routed at a height of50 mm above the ground plane and shall be no longer than 200 mm.· The test set-ups for devices under test with several supply voltage connections shall be supplementedaccordingly.6)see page 33.1.2.2Test conditionsAction shall be taken to ensure that the device under test emits its maximum disturbance power (occurring during normal operation) during the measurement.Broadband measurements shall be carried out using a quasi-peak detector, while an average detector shall be used for narrowband measurements.3.1.2.3RequirementThe measured values shall be below the limit values indicated in Table 3.2.Table 3.2: RF emissions conducted along supply lines: Limit values.Test No.BandFrequency rangeMHzMeasuringbandwidthkHzNarrowbandaveragedB(m V)Broadbandquasi-peakdB(m V)1LW0,15 ... 0,39 / 105060 2MW0,53 ... 1,79 / 103450 3a SW5,8 ... 6,39 / 103340 3b SW7,1 ... 7,69 / 103340 3c SW9,3 ... 109 / 103340 3d SW11,5 ... 12,19 / 103340 3e SW13,6 ... 13,89 / 103340 3f SW15 ... 15,79 / 103340 4a11 m25 ... 359 / 1024-4b11 m25 ... 35100 / 120-245TVI/IIVHF40 ... 110100 / 120242464m65 ... 889 / 1024-74mSpecialpurpose84,015 ... 87,2559 / 1012-3.1.3Radio disturbance currents conducted along control/signal linesThe emitted radio disturbance currents shall be measured on control and signal lines in analogy with DIN VDE 0879-2 using a current probe within a frequency range of 0,15 MHz ... 110 MHz.3.1.3.1Test set-upFor a schematic diagram of the measuring set-up, refer to Fig. 3.4.Measuring instrumentTest benchFig. 3.4: Measurement of radio disturbance currents conducted along control and signal lines.·Measurements shall be carried out in a shielded enclosure (refer to Section 2.1 of Part 1 of this Standard).·The power supply shall be effected via an artificial mains network (refer to Section 2.8.2) in accordance with DIN VDE 0879-2.· A current measuring probe (refer to Section 2.7.2) shall be used designed for the frequency range 0,15 MHz ... 110 MHz.·The bench on which the device under test, the test harness and the artificial mains network(s) are arranged, shall be 900 mm high and no less than 2500 mm long. A ground plane (refer to Section 2.3) with the same dimensions shall be placed on this table and conductively connected with the wall of the shielded enclosure.·The test harness shall be 1500 mm ± 75 mm long and routed 50 mm above the ground plane.·The device under test and all parts of the harness shall be installed at a distance of 100 mm ± 10 mm away from the edge of the ground plane.·The measuring instrument shall be placed outside the shielded enclosure.3.1.3.2Test conditions·Measurements shall be taken at the following four points:- at a distance of 50 mm from the terminals of the device under test;- at a distance of 500 mm ± 10 mm from the terminals of the device under test;- at a distance of 1000 mm ± 10 mm from the terminals of the device under test;- at a distance of 50 mm from the terminals of the artificial network.·Action shall be taken to ensure that the device under test emits its maximum disturbance power (occurring during normal operation) during the measurement.·Broadband measurements shall be carried out using a quasi-peak detector, while an average detector shall be used for narrowband measurements.3.1.3.3RequirementsAll measured values shall be below the limit values indicated in Table 3.3.Table 3.3: RF emissions conducted along control and signal lines: Limit values.Test No.BandFrequency rangeMHzMeasuringbandwidthkHzNarrowbandaveragedB(m A)Broadbandquasi-peakdB(m A)1LW0,15 ... 0,39 / 103040 2MW0,53 ... 1,79 / 10622 3a SW5,8 ... 6,39 / 10- 16 3b SW7,1 ... 7,69 / 10- 16 3c SW9,3 ... 109 / 10- 16 3d SW11,5 ... 12,19 / 10- 16 3e SW13,6 ... 13,89 / 10- 16 3f SW15 ... 15,79 / 10- 16 4a11 m25 ... 359 / 10- 6-4b11 m25 ... 35100 / 120-65TVI/IIVHF40 ... 110100 / 120- 10- 1064m65 ... 889 / 10- 10-74mSpecial.purpose84,015 ... 87,2559 / 10- 16-3.2Emission3.2.1Measurement with antennaThe emission of components shall be measured in analogy with DIN VDE 0879-2 in an absorber-lined chamber (refer to Section 2.2 of Part 1 of this Standard) with an antenna in the frequency range of 80 MHz ...960 MHz.。

基于塑料镜片防水加硬抗老化光学薄膜的研制付秀华;刘禹冰;熊仕富;郭贵新;杨永亮【摘要】Aiming at solving the problem that surface of optical plastic is easy to be scratched, will have film crack at high temperature, Ti3O5 and SiO2 are selected as high and low refractive index coating material because of its stable mechanical properties in room temperature in this paper.According to theory of thin film, TFCalc software are used to achieve film system design, and electron beam evaporation and ion beam assist deposition are used to deposit coating material Finally, new anti-water fluorine material are deposited by resistance depositing.Through selecting new material SV-55 as connecting layer, adhesion of plastic lens and film is enhanced and problem of SiO2 and plastic lens expansion coefficient mismatch is solved,which improves ability of temperature resistance of plastic lenses.Through continuous optimization of experimental parameters, reflectivity of green antireflection film is less than or equal to 1% at 400 nm~700 nm.Results show that, plastic lenses have the ability to resist friction, aging and hydrophobicity, and can be widely used.%为了解决现有光学塑料镜片表面易划伤、高温时容易发生膜裂的问题,选取机械性能稳定的Ti3O5、SiO2作为高、低折射率材料,依据光学薄膜理论,采用TFCalc软件设计膜系,通过电子束加热蒸发和离子源辅助沉积薄膜,在膜系的最外层用电阻加热法镀制防水膜.通过选择新材料SV-55作为连接层,增强了塑料镜片与膜层的附着力,解决了膜系与塑料镜片膨胀系数不匹配的问题,提高了塑料镜片的抗温能力.通过优化工艺参数,得到400 nm~700 nm反射率R≤1%的绿色减反膜.测试结果显示,研制的薄膜具有耐摩擦、抗老化、防水和防油污的特性.【期刊名称】《应用光学》【年(卷),期】2017(038)001【总页数】6页(P83-88)【关键词】光学薄膜;光学塑料;减反膜;离子源辅助沉积【作者】付秀华;刘禹冰;熊仕富;郭贵新;杨永亮【作者单位】长春理工大学光电工程学院,吉林长春 130022;长春理工大学光电工程学院,吉林长春 130022;长春理工大学光电工程学院,吉林长春 130022;长春理工大学光电工程学院,吉林长春 130022;长春理工大学光电工程学院,吉林长春130022【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TN305.8;O484光学塑料因其质量轻、价格低、色散小、易加工成型等优点，现如今在很多领域逐步取代了光学玻璃[1]。