2020高考英语“七选五”阅读理解专项突破原创系列资料
104 英语高考“七选五”阅读理解真题详解4
2016全国卷I
【高考真题解题例析】
为了让大家能把上面所提到的解题原则、方法和步骤能运用到具体的解题实践之中，下面以2016年英语高考全国卷I中的“七选五”阅读理解试题的解答为例来说明如何解题。
【高考真题】
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Secret codes (密码) keep messages private. Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.
People have used secret codes for thousands of years. 36 Code breaking never lags (落后) far behind code making. The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.
There are three main types of cryptography. 37 For example, the first letters of “My elephant eats too many eels”. Spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”
38 You might represent each letter with a number, for example, let’s number the letters of the alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26. If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me” would read “13 5 20 13 5.”
A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book. 39 For example, “bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me.” The message “bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.” 40
However, it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long. So codes must be changed frequently.
A. It is very hard to break a code without the code book.
B. In any language, some letters are used more than others.
C. Only people who know the keyword can read the message.
D. As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.
E. You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.
F. With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.
G. Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.
【语篇解读】
【解题图解】
A. It is very hard to break a code without the code book.
B. In any language, some letters are used more than others.
C. Only people who know the keyword can read the message.
D. As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them.
E. You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out.
F. With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words.
G. Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet.
【答案解析】
第一步，快速浏览全文，明确文章的主题和基本框架结构。通过快速阅读可知本文的主题是密码学，文章总体说明部分为第一、二段，第一段从密码的应用引入话题，第二段从编码和解码再到密码学的概念切入到文章的主题——密码学，由第三段的首句“There are three main types of cryptography”和三至五段中三次出现的“For example”可以断定本文要通过三至五段三个平行结构的段落以举例说明的方式介绍三种类型的密码编码与解码，并且能从设定的位置可断定第37空和38空应填入主旨概括类的选项。
第二步，浏览文章后所给的选项，根据所保留的平行段落首句尝试确定主旨类选项。由第三段中的首句“A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences.”中的“use symbols”和“replace”便可以断定38空应填入G选项，因为选项中的关键信息词“use symbols”与“stand for”与第三段中的首句中的“use symbols”和“replace”相对应，两个句子都提到用符号来代替字母、单词、短语或句子，两个句子中出现的“letter, words, phrases, or sentences”属于同一范畴的词汇，并且G选项中的“another way”还提供了说明的顺序，另外，段落中的“represent”与选项中的“stand for”为同义短语，G选项后一句对其进行同义解释，选项中的词汇“message，symbols，letters of the alphabet.”也在第四段中得到重现，从而可以肯定地断定38空应填入G选项。确定了第38空的答案后，可根据第四、五段的首句共同来推断37空应填入的选项，由于第四、五段的首句都说明了用符号来隐藏或代替字母、单词、短语或句子信息，从而可以推断出第37
