AGS可调变径稳定器

第章定向井、水平井专用工具第一节定向接头一、定向接头类别目前国内常用的定向接头有两种：定向直接头和定向弯接头，定向直接头用于弯壳体螺杆定向钻进，而定向弯接头则用于直壳体螺杆定向钻进。

定向弯接头因其具有制造简单、使用方便、成本低廉等特点，目前使用较为普遍。

二、技术规格定向弯接头规格表表1-1三、基本结构1、直接头的基本结构，包括壳体、扶正套、定向键和定位螺钉，如图1-1所示：图1-12．定向弯接头的基本结构，包括壳体、扶正套、定向键、定位螺钉如图1-2所示：定向弯接头结构示意图图1-2弯接头弯曲度数的计算公式：α=57.3(a-b)/d式中：α——弯曲角度（º）a——长边长度（mm）b——短边长度（mm）d——外径（mm）四、弯接头性能不同螺杆钻具使用弯接头在不同井眼的造斜率表1-2第二节无磁钻铤一、作用由于所有磁性测量仪器在测量井眼的方向时，感应的是井眼的大地磁场，因而测量仪器必须是一个无磁环境。

然而在钻井过程中，钻具往往具有磁性，具有磁场，影响磁性测量仪器，不能得到正确的井眼轨迹测量信息数据，利用无磁钻铤可实施无磁环境，并且具有钻井中钻铤的特性。

国外已有相当数量的无磁钻铤产品于1990年列入API标准。

我国根据国外产品和产品样本制订了SY/T 5145-86《无磁钻铤》标准。

二、工作原理无磁钻铤工作原理如图2-1所示：无磁钻铤的作用原理示意图2-1注：①地磁场线；②磁性测量仪；③钢钻铤；④干扰磁场线；⑤钻头接头；⑥无磁钻铤无磁钻铤上下的干扰磁场线对测量仪器部位没有影响，因而无磁钻铤为磁性测量仪器创造了一个无磁环境，保证了磁性测量仪器测到的数据为真实大地磁场信息。

三、无磁钻铤材料1、蒙乃尔合金（1）、化学成分及机械性能见表2-1（2）、蒙乃尔合金的特点蒙乃尔合金虽然具有不易腐蚀的优点，但是由于镍含量高而存在以下缺点：a.价格昂贵。

b.易磨损。

2、铬-镍合金这种合金钢约含18%的铬和镍。

导向钻井技术（胜利钻井工程技术公司周跃云）基本概念在定向井、水平井钻井中，为了使井眼轨迹得到合理的控制，世界各国相继开发研究了各种相应的技术，这些技术大致可分为两方面：一是预测技术，一是导向技术。

预测技术是根据力学和数学理论，对影响井眼轨迹的各种因素进行分析研究，从而预测各种钻具组合可能达到的预期效果。

但目前的预测技术水平远远低于所要求的指标。

鉴于此，导向技术应运而生。

导向技术是根据实时测量的结果，井下实时调整井眼轨迹。

井下导向钻井技术是连续控制井眼轨迹的综合性技术，它主要包括先进的钻头（一般为PDC钻头）、井下导向工具、随钻测量技术（MWD、LWD等）以及计算机技术为基础的井眼轨迹控制技术,其主要特点是井眼轨迹的随钻测量、实时调整。

导向钻井技术是随油藏地质的要求和钻井采油地面条件的限制而逐步发展起来的。

在这种技术中，井下导向钻井工具处于核心地位，它决定导向钻井系统的技术水平，导向技术则是导向钻井系统的关键技术。

一、导向钻井的工具和仪器定向井技术的进步与定向井工具和仪器的发展是相辅相成的，是密不可分的。

定向井钻井实践的需要，设计开发了专门用于定向井的工具和仪器，并在钻井实践中得到完善和提高；随着定向井工具和仪器的发展，极大地推动了定向井工艺技术水平的进步；而工艺技术的进步，对定向井工具仪器又提出了更新更高的要求。

胜利油田以及我国定向井发展的历程，充分地说明了这一辩证关系。

1.1 导向工具的主要类型随着定向井、水平井和大位移延伸井的日益增多，各种相应的井下工具相继出现，如弯接头，变壳体马达，各种稳定器等。

对这些工具一般要分为两大类：一为滑动式导向工具，二为旋转式导向工具。

两者的主要区别在于导向作业时，上部钻柱是否转动，若不转动，则为滑动式导向工具，否者为旋转式导向工具。

1.1.1 滑动式导向工具滑动式导向工具在导向作业时，转盘停止转动并被锁住，只有井底马达作业。

调整好工具面，钻进一段时间后，再开动转盘，使整体钻柱旋转，以减少摩阻及改善井眼清洗程度，随后再根据需要进行定向作业。

DNA-6000 Series MODEL DNA-6000 Series (6000, 6001, 6002)Setup and Operation ManualVest & Arm Stabilization SystemDesigned for Glide Gear Handheld Camera StabilizersOverview ....................................................................................................................... Highlights ...................................................................................................................... Brief Tour of Glide Gear DNA-6000 Vest & Arm Assembly ........................... Expanded View of Parts & Assembly ....................................................................Vest ........................................................................................................................... Control Arm ............................................................................................................. Attaching the control arm ................................................................................. Attaching the camera stabilizer ...................................................................... Adjusting the arm .............................................................................................. Hand positioning ......................................................................................................... Tips .................................................................................................................................3 4 5 7 7 9 10 11 13 16 18Congratulations! You are now the lucky owner of the Glide Gear DNA-6000 series Vest & Arm Stabilization System, the most well balanced, versatile, lightweight, and affordable Vest/Arm stabilization system on the market. The engineers at Glide Gear have done it again, the DNA stabilization system will allow unparalleled dynamic shots while your arms never fatigue.Note: This DNA-6000 series manual applies to the DNA-6000 stand alone system, DNA-6001 Vest and Arm Stabilization Kit with DNA 5050, and the DNA-6002 Vest & Arm Stabilization Kit modified for 7-12 lbs Rigs. Except where indicated, the specifications for all three systems are identical.You will be able to take hours of silky smooth video while walking, running, climbing stairs, roller skating, etc… The DNA vest/arm system is also ambi-dextrous allowing you to mount the arm on either side of the vest so you can use left or right handed guidance.The problem with other Vest and Arm stabilization systems on the market today is that they are typically difficult and uncomfortable to use, heavy, ex-pensive, and just not robust enough for practical long term high level func-tional use. The DNA 6000 is precision CNC machined from 6061 anodized aluminum with black powder coating and stainless hardware, so it is designed to last for a lifetime without corrosion or damage.The vest itself has padded high quality strapping features double stitching with easy two clip harness system for fast donning and doffing. The DNA is a one-size-fits-all unit with fully adjustable straps and the breastplate is adjust-able in length. All you have to do is slide the handle of your Glide Gear DNA series stabilizer into the arm and you are ready to start flying….The DNA-6000 Vest & Arm Stabilizing System is a standalone kit (no camera stabilizer included) with carry case. The DNA-6001 and DNA-6002 come with the DNA-5050 camera stabilizer (manual included).Note: The DNA 6002 includes extra counter weights included in the DNA 5050 stabilizer to accommodate up to a 12 lb rig. We also have equipped the Vest & Arm system with stiffer springs to accommodate rigs with a total weight between 7 and 12 lb.• Elegant and balanced design• Constructed with aircraft grade CNC machined 6061 aluminumanodized in a scratch-resistant black paint• Ambidextrous mounting option• Rated to carry rigs up to 10 lb (DNA 6002 is rated for rigs with aminimum of 7 lb and maximum of 12 lb)• Adjustable chest plate• Adjustable straps with easy clip on harness• Dual swing arm with adjustable tension knobs• Fits all of Glide Gear DNA series stabilizers• Stainless hardware• Deluxe padded carry case• 10-year warrantyRemember: The DNA-6000 Vest & Arm Stabilization System is rated for camera rigs up 10 lb while the DNA-6001 is rated for cameras up to 7 lb. The DNA 6002 is not compatible with camera rigs less than 7 lb and more than 12 lb.To start with, let’s identify the Glide Gear DNA-6000 functional components. You can unpack the unit as you read this comprehensive guide. Get familiar with the parts so that you will have an easier time following the setup instruc-tions.The DNA-6000 is actually quite simple to use because all the main parts are already assembled. It all boils down to adjusting straps and tightening bolts until you feel comfortable wearing the system. The real pain in the behind is as-sembling, balancing and attaching the camera stabilizer that you will use with the DNA 6000 but that’s a whole other story. Each of the excellent Glide Gear handheld camera stabilizers you have comes with a comprehensive manual. Make sure that you are thoroughly familiar with the stabilizer before you start using it with the DNA 6000. It will make your life so much simpler and reward-ing.The DNA 6000 is primarily a support system to help you avoid the common is-sues plaguing amateur video makers: jittery, jerky, fuzzy shots. With a camera stabilizer, your video camera will acquire the stabilization your brain has when you walk through or scan a scene. But because even the lightest handheld camera stabilizers are somewhat heavy, it doesn’t take long before fatigue sets in and your arms and hands begin to ache. That’s where the DNA 6000 comes in. It helps distribute the weight of the stabilizer and the attached video camera throughout your body, leaving your hands practically free. Of course you still keep your hands lightly on the stabilizer to control it.The Glide Gear DNA-6000 is not only an incredibly efficient way to solve this dilemma, it also provides an ergonomic way to hold your camera to take those spectacular shots and produce smooth, fluid motion that can rival those taken with a camera mounted on a crane. The Glide Gear DNA-6000 alters the way your camera is supported, and when the camera stabilizer is balanced cor-rectly, it will float it in the air while giving you enhanced ability to frame and aim your shots.The Glide Gear DNA-6000 is your best friend, an affordable solution to profes-sional quality camera work ideal for weddings, conventions, and other events either indoor or outdoor. With this imminently portable and lightweight but eminently sturdy Glide Gear DNA-6000, you can finally kiss jittery shots and shoddy, shaky framing goodbye. Now, you can indulge your inner cinematog-rapher without having to spend a fortune on professional-grade equipment. All you need is your existing camera, Glide Gear camera stabilizer and the Glide Gear DNA-6000.The main function of the vest is to take the weight of the camera stabilizer and camera off your arm and hand and on to your torso. It is constructed so that the weight is evenly distributed provided the vest is fitted snugly on the operator’s body. The DNA-6000 vest has clamps on the sides and the padded shoulders straps which when locked will let you easily adjust the Velcro straps. There is also a release knob on the metal chest plate that lets you adjust the height of the plate so that the lower strap rests comfortably over your hip bones. Simply pull on the knob and slide the adjust-ment plate up and down.VESTMake sure the foam padding at the back is placed against your lower back for best support:Once you have found the right fit for your vest, you won’t have to readjust again. Simply undo the clamps when you’re done for the day and put it back on the next time you use it. The vest should fit just as well.The control arm is where you will actually attach your camera stabilizer.Before doing that, you need to attach the arm to the vest (hence vest & arm system) which you can easily do by sliding the two-pronged end of the arm to one of the arm seats located on each side of the lower part of the vest.CONTROL ARMYou only need one but the DNA-6000 lets you choose between a left or right side attachment, depending on your handedness. This ambidextrous feature is just oneof the things Glide Gear likes to do to make your life easier.The assembly, as we promised, is very simple.Slide the prongs into the arm seat.Tighten the safety screw to fix the control arm in the arm seat on your preferred side to keep the control arm from slipping out during operation.Attaching the control armThe camera stabilizer attaches to the control arm via the shaft, shown below:Voila!Attaching the camera stabilizerAll Glide Gear handheld camera stabilizers are equipped with a hollow foam-covered handle that sits neatly on the shaft of the DNA-6000 control arm.Once the stabilizer is attached, the next step is to adjust the arm. You need to set the float point of the arm, which is basically the point at which the tension of the arm allows you to control it with the slightest force. You will find one adjustment knob on the “elbow” of the control arm and another one near the prongs that con-nect the arm to the vest.Like so.Adjusting the armrear adjustment knob front adjustment knobTurning the knobs clockwise will increase the tension and turning them counter-clockwise will decrease the tension. This lowers or raises the arm, and you need to experiment with a combination of rear and front tensions so that the camera base rests slightly below your collarbone. Test the arm for sponginess which means you will need more force to control movement. You don’t want that. As the term implies, the arm should “float” but not bounce. The control arm is supposed to absorb most of the shock you generate while walking, so test it thoroughly by tak-ing a video and make minute adjustments until you’re satisfied with the results. Of course, we are presuming that you have properly balanced your camera stabi-lizer before attaching it to the DNA 6000. If you haven’t yet done this, you’ve just wasted your time.DNA-6000 with the Glide Gear DNA 5050 Professional Camera Stabilizer (not included in the DNA-6000 standalone kit but included in the DNA-6001 and DNA-6002)Last but not least, the whole system fits into a neat carry bag included in the kit.As we mentioned earlier, you will not be holding the arm at all when operating your video camera. Instead, you will be holding the stabilizer in order to control it.It is recommended when operating with the DNA-6000 that you keep the arm fairly close to the body and your torso straight. Avoid moving from side to side to prevent the arm from swinging. It may feel a little stiff and awkward at first but with enough practice it will become second nature to you.Foot movement should also be practiced. While the DNA-6000 helps keep the camera steady, excessive jerky movements will still show in the footage. Practice moving deliberately and rhythmically, keeping to the balls of your feet, for at least a few hours before attempting to shoot footage you actually plan to use. You may find that sideway stepping gives better results.Taking test footage will show you the progression of your skill in operating theDNA-6000. Start shooting real footage when you’re satisfied with the results.1. Get to know your equipment thoroughly. If you are serious about improving your videography skills, you need to become technically proficient in the uses and capabilities of your tools. The video camera, no matter how advanced, is only as good as its support system, so take the time to practice using it as much as you can.2. Start with simple moves. It can be tempting to get ambitious when you havea new toy, and there’s no harm in going crazy with it. But if you want to seri-ously understand what you can do, you have to start with the basics. This will give you a chance to develop muscle memory you will be able to use when you try more complex moves.3. Avoid jerking the DNA-6000 in any direction. This may be next to impos-sible when moving while shooting but it pays to make the effort. The final prod-uct will benefit by keeping jerky movements to a minimum.4. Avoid moving the camera too fast. Even if the movement is smooth and fluid, zipping from one scene to another can still make you dizzy. In some in-stances this can work but not when it happens in succession and inappropri-ately. For example, if you want to create the impression of speed, you can use this technique but not all the time. Use it sparingly.5. Check your footage constantly. When you are first starting out with the DNA-6000, you are pretty much guessing about the effect you are creating. You don’t really know what the footage looks like until you sit down and watch it. Practice with different techniques and check it constantly. Eventually, you will be able to intuit what technique will produce the results you want.6. If you have a segment planned, it would be best to do a run-through before you do the actual footage if it is possible. You will be able to figure out where you will problems and what angles or techniques would work very well with what you are trying to do with the video segment.And remember: practice, practice, and practice some more!There you have it, the Glide Gear DNA-6000 Vest & Arm Stabilizing System in all its glory. While the DNA-6000 is designed to work with all Glide Gear cam-era stabilizers, it can now also be used in tandem with the most innovative and versatile portable jib in the market, the Glide Gear PRO Action Jib System which already comes with Glide Gear DNA 1000 Small Camera Stabilizer!For more information, visit the Glide Gear site at .Manufactured by Koncept Innovators Inc.Glidegear Products • 1619 Executive Ave, Myrtle Beach, SC 29577, USA Telephone: 843.945.4031 • Fax: 843.945.4030U.S. and Foreign patents applied for and pending。

旋转导向钻井技术及Power-V导向系统介绍摘要：旋转导向钻井技术主要指井眼轨迹自动控制的闭环自动钻井技术，是20世纪90年代初期发展起来的一项钻井新技术，代表着当今国际钻井技术的最新发展方向，对超深井、超薄油层水平井、大位移井、分支水平井等轨迹控制具有独特效果。

本文分析了旋转导向钻井系统的技术特点，介绍了国内外旋转导向钻井系统的发展、应用情况。

并详细介绍了斯伦贝谢公司旋转导向系统Power-V的组成和工作原理。

1.概述所谓旋转导向钻井，是指钻柱在旋转钻进过程中实现过去只有传统泥浆马达才能实现的准确增斜、稳斜、降斜或者纠方位功能。

旋转导向钻井技术的核心是旋转导向钻井系统，如图1所示。

它主要由井下旋转自动导向钻井系统、地面监控系统和将上述2部分联系在一起的双向通讯技术3部分组成。

旋转导向钻井系统的核心是井下旋转导向工具，旋转导向钻井系统主要由以下几部分组成：①测量系统:包括近钻头井斜测量、地层评价测量，MWD/LWD随钻测量仪器等，用于监测井眼轨迹的井斜、方位及地层情况等基本参数。

②控制系统:接收测量系统的信息或对地面的控制指令进行处理，并根据预置的控制软件和程序，控制偏置导向机构的动作。

图1 旋转自动导向钻井系统功能框图2.旋转导向钻井技术的特点旋转导向钻井技术与传统的滑动导向方式相比有如下突出特点：①旋转导向代替了传统的滑动钻进：一方面大大提高了钻井速度，另一方面解决了滑动导向方式带来的诸如井身质量差、井眼净化效果差及极限位移限制等缺点，从而大大提高了钻井安全性，解决了大位移井的导向问题；②具有不必起下钻自动调整钻具导向性能的能力，大大提高了钻井效率和井眼轨迹控制的灵活性，可满足高难特殊工艺井的导向钻井需要；③具有井下闭环自动导向的能力，结合地质导向技术使用，使井眼轨迹控制精度大大提高。

旋转导向钻井技术的上述特点，使其可以大大提高油气开发能力和开发效率，降低钻井成本和开发成本，满足了油气勘探开发形势的需要。

KJW—310型钻井可控变径稳定器
胡国清;刘龙
【期刊名称】《石油机械》
【年(卷),期】1999(27)12
【摘要】KJW—310型钻井可控变径稳定器通过井口投球、开泵憋压,产生压降,驱使钢球带动整个活塞向前运动,同时活塞上的螺旋斜形槽驱动柱销,推动外壳中的伸缩棱块伸缩,实现在不起下钻情况下扩径和缩径,从而改变底部钻具组合。

该型变径稳定器具有整体直棱伸缩、液力驱动、机械锁定、结构简单、操作方便和适用性强等特点。

使用这种变径稳定器能减少起下钻次数,缩短钻井周期,还能提高井眼轨迹的控制精度,增加剖面符合率,减少井下事故的发生。

【总页数】3页(P34-36)
【关键词】定向钻井;稳定器;结构设计;钻井;KJW-310型;油井
【作者】胡国清;刘龙
【作者单位】大港油田集团责任有限公司钻采工艺研究院
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】TE921.202
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