(word完整版)威学一百整理：382组高分重点托福写作同义词替换

大学英语作文常见同义词替换归纳议论文常见同义词替换1.认为：Think, believe, insist, maintain, assert, conclude, deem, hold, argue, be convinced, be firmly convinced, be fully convinced2.重要的：Key, crucial, critical, important, significant, vital, substantial, indispensable, imperative3.有益的：Useful, helpful, beneficial, profitable, rewarding，advantageous4.有害的：Bad, baneful evil, harmful, detrimental5.优秀的：excellent = eminent = top = outstanding6.积极的，好的：good = conducive = beneficial=advantageous7.贫穷的：poor = needy = impoverished = poverty-stricken8.富裕的：rich = wealthy = affluent = well-to-do = well-off9. 流行的：popular = prevailing = prevalent = pervasive10.大量的：a host of = a multitude of = a vast number of = a vast amount of11.优势：Advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength12.缺陷：Disadvantage, demerit, drawback, downside, weakness13.影响：influence= impact14.幸福：happiness = cheerfulness = well-being15.教育：education = schooling = family parenting = upbringing16.青少年：young people = youngsters = youths = adolescents17. 责任：responsibility = obligation = duty = liability18 能力：ability = capacity = power = skill19. 职业：job = career = employment = profession20. 娱乐：enjoyment = pastimes = recreation= entertainment21. 孩子：children = offspring = descendant = kid22. 原因：Reason, factor, cause23. 影响：Influence, impact, effect24.给与：Give, offer, render, impart, provide, supply, afford25.培养：Develop, cultivate, foster26.使迷惑：Puzzle, bewilder, perplex, baffle27.保护：Protect, conserve, preserve28.确保：Assure, ensure, guarantee, pledge29.要求：Request, demand, needs, requisition30.消除：Eliminate, clear, remove, clear up, take away, smooth away31.宣称：Allege, assert, declare, claim32.发生：Happen, occur, take place33.发展：Development, advance, progress34..激发，鼓励：encourage = motivate = stimulate = spur35.完成：complete = fulfill = accomplish= achieve36.保留：keep = preserve = retain = hold37.减轻：ease = alleviate = relieve = lighten38.充满了：be filled with = be awash with = be inundate with = be saturated with39.努力：struggle for = aspire after = strive for = spare no efforts for40.从事：embark on = take up = set about = go in for41.导致：Lead to, bring about, result in, cause, spark off, conduce to, procure, induce, generate42.解决: Solve, deal with, cope with, handle, resolve, address, tackle43.损害：Damage, hurt, injure, harm, impair, undermine, jeopardize44.在当代：in contemporary society = in present-day society= in this day and age45.事实上：Practically，in practice，essentially，in essence，in reality，in effect，in fact，as a matter of fact，it is a fact that46.换言之：Namely，that is to say，in other words，to put it like this，to put it differently，to put it from another way，to put it from another angle47.大约：Approximately，almost，about，around，nearly，roughly48.与…相比：Compared with，compared to，in comparison with，in comparison to，by comparison with，by comparison to49.对比而言：By contrast，in contrast，on the other hand，on the contrary=，conversely图标类作文常见同义词替换1.上升: increase, go up, rise up, grow up, jump up, surge, shoot up, keep an upward tendency, climb, soar, leap, ascend2.下降: decrease, go down, decline, fall down, drop, sink, dip, keep a downward tendency, plummet, slump, plunge, slide3.持平/稳定: Level out，do not change，remain stable，remain still，remain steady，be stable，maintain the same level，remain unchanged，be still，remain the same level，stay constant，keep at the same level，level off，stabilize，keep its stability，even out4.占据：Comprise, take up, account for, constitute, consist of, make up, occupy, hold, compose5.波动：Fluctuate，go ups and downs，display a fluctuation，demonstrate a fluctuation6.展示：Show, reveal, illustrate, demonstrate, depict, present, represent, describe7.急剧地：dramatically，drastically，sharply，hugely，enormously，steeply，substantially，considerably，significantly，markedly，surprisingly，strikingly，radically，remarkably，vastly，noticeably8.平稳地：Steadily，smoothly，slightly，slowly，marginally，gradually，moderately，mildly9. 正确地，严密地: exactly; precisely10.明显的：clear, obvious, evident, self-evident, manifest, apparent, crystal-clear英语写作中常用连接词汇总1.增补(Addition)in addition, furthermore, again, also, besides, moreover, what`s more, similarly, next, finally.2.比较(Comparison)in the same way, likewise, similarly, equally, in comparison, just as3.对照(Contrast)whereas, in contrast, on the other hand, instead, however, nevertheless, unlike, even though, on the contrary, while4.因果(Cause and effect)because, because of, for, since, due to, owing to, thanks to, as a result(of), accordingly, hence, so, thus, naturally, consequently5.强调(Emphasis)certainly, above all, indeed, of course, surely, actually, as a matter of fact, chiefly, especially, primarily, in particular, undoubtedly, absolutely, most important6.让步(Concession)although, though, after all, in spite of, nevertheless, still, provided, while it is true....7.例证(Exemplification)for example, for instance, that is, namely, such as, in other words, in this case, by way of illustration.8.总结(Conclusion)to sum up, to conclude, in a word, in short, in brief, all in all, in all, to put it in a nutshell, in summary9.推断(Inference)therefore, as a result(of), consequently, accordingly, so, otherwise10.时间和空间(Time and space)afterward, after, first, later, then, soon, outside, near, beyound, above, below, on the right(left), in the middle, opposite, in front of。

托福写作同义替换（必背）交友沟通1. 接触expose oneself to2. 增强家庭凝聚力strengthen family cohesion3. 削弱家庭纽带erode family bonds4. 维护上下级/同事/客户关系maintain the relation between the superior andthe subordinate/among colleagues/between clients and the company5. 足够合群来面对各种复杂环境become gregarious enough to face various complexcircumstances6. 轻松随意的交谈casual communication/conversations/chats7. 志同道合的朋友like-minded/congenial friends8. 建立和保持良好的人际关系build and maintain healthy relationships among people9. 倾诉烦恼confide annoyances10. 扩大或建立社交圈enlarge/build up/establish interpersonal networks/thesocial circle知识经历1.传授/获取知识技能impart/acquire knowledge and skills2.独立思考critical thinking3.理论和实践相结合integrate theory and practice4.从不同的角度观察世界observe the world from different angles5.动人的历史故事appealing historical stories6.有趣的文化风俗intriguing cultural customs7.一个见多识广的人 a well-informed person/a man ofprofound and immenselearning8.避免成为一个无知肤浅的人avoid being an ignorant and shallow person9.提升综合能力promote one’s overall/comprehensive competence10.扩大知识面broaden one’s knowledge base/enlarge one’s scope of11.熟练掌握be well-acquainted with/be profound in健康解压1.增强某人的灵活性、耐力、协调性solidify/strengthen one’s flexibility/endurance/coordination2.生理健康physical health3.心理健康psychological well-being4.削弱视力weaken/impair eyesight5.有先进设施的大医院major hospitals with the advanced facilities6.充足的药品the sufficient medicine7.身心的自我放松physical and mental self-release8.缓解心理紧张smooth one’s mental intension9.从日常生活中解脱出来get away from the daily grind10.重新获得有活力的精神面貌regain vigorous mentality11.增强免疫力boost one’s immune system/immunity兴趣潜能1.培养高雅的品味cultivate exquisite tastes2.培养创造力nurture a sense of creativity3.展现某人的性格特征和兴趣爱好present/display one’s characteristics and interests4.锻炼坚韧的忍耐力cultivate tough endurance5.无比多的娱乐活动 a nonpareil variety of recreational activities6.与自然接触的纯粹享受a sheer pleasure of a closeness to nature7.活在当下，及时行乐live in the moment and seize the day8.挖掘某人的潜能tap into the potential of somebody9.为我们的日常生活增添了不少情调add much spice/flavor to our daily life10.劳逸结合strike a proper balance between work and leisure工作升职1.各行各业all walks of life2.校园招聘会campus recruitment/on-campus job fair3.责任感sense of responsibility4.事业心entrepreneur spirit5.讨上司欢心be in the good graces of the boss/win the favor of the boss6.升职机会/就业前景promotion opportunity/career prospect7.加强竞争优势consolidate competitive edge8.为就业辉煌奠定基础lay the foundations for career prosperity9.提高效率boost/augment/enhance efficiency10.完成艰巨的任务complete an arduous project效率合作1.融入团体blend in with the group2.团结一致be united and be concentrating (their) efforts on3.虚心接受他人建议/指正take other’s suggestions/criticisms with an open mind4.发挥自身优势give full play to one’s advantages5.合理规划时间plan out a reasonable schedule6.整合多方资源integrate various resources7.为了方便和有效for the sake of convenience and effectiveness8.促进协调facilitate coordination9.优势互补have complementary advantages/make respectiveadvantages complementary to each other10.顺畅有效的合作smooth and effective collaboration褒义1.有力地推动give a big push to2.作为一个有效的跳板serve as an effective springboard for3.提高……的可能性enhance the likelihood of/that4.值得去做it is worthwhile to do5.……是……的好手段is a good vehicle for6.使某人具有做……的能力equip sb. with (the ability of)7.为……做准备（铺路）pave the way to8.作为一种有效手段serve as an effective approach to (doing) sth.9.怎么说……的重要性也不为过it is hard to overstate the significance of10.使某人处于有优势的位置put sb. in a favorable position in doing sth.贬义1. 归因于……（一般为负面情况） A can be ascribed/attributed to B2. 把……等同于……是错误的it is impolitic to equate A with B3. 对……有负面影响exert a detrimental influence upon/have an adverse effect on4. 越来越糟go from bad to worse5. 对……造成极大威胁pose a great threat to6. 与……背道而驰run contrary to7. 与……不协调、不一致be incompatible with8. 与……无关/对……毫无影响have little bearing on9. 剥夺了某人……的机会/权利deprive sb. of the chances/rights to10. 在某方面施加限制impose restriction on环境1.付出协调一致的努力put joint/concerted effort on2.污染有限的自然资源contaminate finite natural resources3.增强公众的……意识elevate the public awareness of4.采取严厉的措施apply/adopt/implement harsh measures5.温室效应greenhouse effect/global warming6.谴责而不是纵容condemn rather than condone7.生态失衡disruption of ecological balance8.减轻空气污染lessen/abate/alleviate air pollution9.可持续发展sustainable development10.气候异常climate anomaly科技1.彻底改变人们的生活entirely reshape in dividuals’ lives2.扼杀/激发创造力stifle/stimulate creativity3.提高……的便利性increase the convenience/facilitation of4.加速生活节奏speed up the tempo of life5.运用电子技术utilize electronic technology6.过多的选择 a plethora of choices7.融合最新科技incorporate the latest technology8.技术创新及发展technological innovation and progressions9.互联网的广泛使用the extensive use/proliferation of the Internet10.尖端的技术cutting-edge technology经济1.改善就业前景improve the employment prospect2.完善公共交通设施complete public transit system3.阻碍/促进……的发展impede/further the development of4.把成功归因于经济发展attribute the success to the economic development5.优化财政资源optimize the financial resources6.谋求巨大利润seek excessive profits7.就业压力的缓解 a great relief to the high unemployment8.增强自给自足能力intensify one’s self-sufficiency9.吸引外商投资attract foreign investment10.缩小贫富差距narrow the gap between the rich and the poor教育1.学生的反馈students’ feedback/input2.以学生为中心的教育体系student-centered educational system3.发人深省的说教thought-provoking criticism4.促进学生身心发展promote students’ physical, intellectual and emotional development5.灌输高尚的价值观instill high moral values6.鼓励学生用辩证的眼光看问题encourage students to think critically7.雄厚的师资力量solid teaching force8.改良教育手段ameliorate educational method9.鼓励/培养独立思考encourage/foster independent thinking10.精心编写教材compile textbooks with great care逻辑连接词1.因果Because, for, because of, thanks to, as a result of, accordingly, for this reason2.递进In addition, furthermore, next, besides, moreover, what’smore, also3.强调Certainly, above all, indeed, surely, actually, as a matter of fact, especially, primarily, in particular, undoubtedly, more importantly, more specifically4.总结。

高考英语写作常见40组同义替换养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。

做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。

对高三学生而言，就是要通过训练转化为学生的答题能力。

一是严格限时训练。

限时训练就是让学生在规定时间内做完训练题目，既训练速度，又锻炼准确度。

限时训练可短可长，可以是课前十分钟，可以是一节课，但必须坚决做到即练即评，长期坚持，通过教师评阅提升学生答题速度和效度，做到日日清，周周清，月月清，适应高考临场答题要求。

二是严格规范答题。

要认真研究高考原题和高考答案，根据学生的答题情况认真进行比对。

要把学生在考试时的原生态答卷原汁原味地展示出来，再让学生自己对照答案进行打分、评价，找出与标准答案的差距，小组内相互交流、讨论，制定答题标准模板，保证将来一分不丢。

三是突出变式训练。

对于临界生的典型错题或遗漏知识点，要进行变式训练，一题多变进行训练，把错题作为“母题”，至少进行一题五变以上，让学生写出每道题的解题思路，最后总结出此类变式的特点和解题入手点。

教师必须要把变式训练当做作业认真批改，带领学生共同验证解题思路，形成答题的基本思路。

四是落实“作业自助餐”。

对学生要进行分类指导，不能一刀切，尤其是对于清北临界生和一本临界生，学校应高度重视临界生转化工作。

要把握好临界生的学科短板，制定好辅导、转化和提升的具体措施，要实行面批面改，落实“作业自助餐”。

针对不同的高频错题，由教师分别独立设置变式训练题，也就是A错题出至少5道变式训练，独立印刷；B错题再出5道变式训练，独立印刷；C错题也出5道变式训练，独立印刷；学生可以根据自己的错题，自主领取对应的变式训练题，通过针对性训练补齐学科或知识短板，提升整体备考效益。

托福写作中词汇替换的方法托福写作中词汇替换的方法托福词汇的运用在托福各题型中都起到很重要的作用，在托福写作中，我们也可以通过托福词汇的替换来达到考托福的写作高分。

下面，我们就来看一下在托福写作中进行词汇替换的四种方式。

一、使用同义词进行替换英语和我们中文一样，事实上，会有许多同义词，近义词，反义词等的同类比，所以词汇量积累越大的同学，其在这方面的知识就越多。

因此，对于写作来说，寻找同义词替换是一个非常之棒的方法。

使用同义词的好处就是首先可以向审核者展示你是一个词汇达人，你的词汇量足够丰富，其次可以让文章富有变化。

因此，同义词在文章写作里的运用好坏一定会成为判断你写作好坏的一个标准。

审核者认同你的同时，会给你一个好的分数。

二、使用各种形式的.同根词进行替换英语学的好的同学，自然是会明白英语词汇里有同根词。

这种同根词要明白，他们其实是通过对单词的变换来吸引审核者的眼睛的。

这种吸引他们并获得高分的方式，你不妨试一下。

一些单词我们都十分明白，可以在他们懊悔面或者是在后面加上一些前缀或者是后缀并产生很多新的词汇。

而且这些词汇会让我们避免在文章中过多地重复利用某一个熟悉的词，这样会让文章看上去变化多，而且层次也丰富。

三、使用短语进行替换托福写作中，允许你使用各种各样的短语，只要你是一个短语达人，那么你就开始运用这些短语吧。

这些短语用的好，不仅让你的文章看上去节奏感强，而且更能准确而精确地表达你想要表达的意思。

在一些特殊的情况下，因为有好些不同的短语要吧表达同样的意思，那么就用这种方式来替换你本身想要进行的表达。

四、综合运用自我方法进行替换经过了许多方法的练习后，你一定会形成一套属于自己的方法，自己最熟悉，最喜欢运用的方法。

那么，好的，这就是我们练习所要达到的一个目的。

现在，你懂了，下面就是开始运用综合性的方法来进行替换了。

那么，你准备好了吗?我们在使用同义词替换的时候，也可以把原句进行结构上的变换。

那么这样做就是让审核者最终发现你所写的句子和原来的截然不同，但是意思却是一样的，会让他们觉得你是一个改句子的达人哦。

高考英语写作高分同义替换（一）1 好处/优点(benefit)除了benefit/advantage之外，还有下面这些词可以表示好处/优点：merit、virtue、blessing、boon、good①merit常用作复数merits。

同时讨论优缺点时，一般与demerit(缺点)搭配。

Economists reconsider the merits of industrial policy, but some flaws are hard to fix.经济学家重新考虑了产业政策的优点，但有些缺陷很难修复。

This report will explore the merits and demerits of remote working.这篇报告将探讨远程工作的优缺点。

②virtue可以用于短语have the virture of有着...的优点。

One of the virtues of this job is the flexible hours.这份工作的一个优点就是工作时间灵活。

This means of transport has the virtue of convenience.这种交通方式有便利这一优点。

③blessing/boon表示好的事物。

由于是对事物的描述，因此经常作为表语：be ablessing/boon。

Autonomous vehicles are a blessing/boon to humanity.自动驾驶汽车对人类来说是福音。

④good表示好处；益处，是个不可数名词。

反义词为harm/damage，也是不可数。

We must work together for the good of the community.我们必须为了社区的利益而共同努力。

【for the good of sb/sth为了...的利益】For employers, remote working may do more harm than good.对于雇主来说，远程工作可能弊大于利。

适合托福雅思一对一写作练习的100个替换词我们在阅读英语文章的时候会发现，同样的一个意思，文章中会用多个表达来替换着用，这样，文章读起来才不会觉得单调无味。

相同的道理，在我们参加口语和写作考试的时候，也要学着意思相近的词汇表达替换使用，这样也能显得语言丰富生动。

这里美联出国考试为大家献上雅思口语和写作中常用的100个替换词，拿走不谢！1. important = crucial (extremely important), significant (amount or effects large enough to be important)2. common = universal, ubiquitous (if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be every where)3. abundant = ample (enough and usually extra), plentiful (enough for people's needs and wants)4. stick = adhere, cling (hold on something tightly)5. neglect = ignore. (difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to something; ignore means no attention.)6. near = adjacent (two things next to each other), adjoin (the same as adjacent)7. pursue = woo (man woos woman, old-fashioned), seek (if you seek sth, you try to obtain it. FORMAL)8. accurate = precise (precise is exact and accurate in all details), exact (correct in every detail)9. vague = obscure (unknown or known by only a few people)10. top = peak, summit11. competitor = rival, opponent (especially in sports and politics)12. blame = condemn (if you condemn something, you say it is very bad and unacceptable)13. opinion = perspective, standpoint (means looking at an event or situation in a particular way)14. fame = prestige (describe those who are admired), reputation15. build = erect (you can erect something as buildings, FORMAL), establish16. insult = humiliate (do something or say something which makes people feel ashamed or stupid)17. complain = grumble (complain something in a bad-tempered way)18. primary = radical (very important and great in degree), fundamental19. relieve = alleviate (alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense or severe)20. force = coerce into (coerce means you make someone do something she/he does not want to), compel21. enlarge = magnify (magnify means make something larger than it really is)22. complex = intricate (if something is intricate, it often has many small parts and details)23. Lonely = solitary (if someone is solitary, there is no one nearhim/her)24. small = minuscule (very small), minute,25. praise = extol (stronger than praise), compliment(polite and political)26. hard-working = assiduous (someone who is assiduous works hard or does things very thoroughly)27. difficult = arduous (if something is arduous, it is difficult and tiring, and involves a lot of efforts)28. poor (soil) = barren, infertile (used to describe the soil is so poor that plants cannot be planted on it)29. fragile = brittle, vulnerable (someone who is vulnerable is easily hurt emotionally or physically)30. show = demonstrate (to demonstrate a fact means to make it clear to people.)31. big = massive (large in size, quantity, or extent), colossal (use this word, you emphasize something’s large), tremendous (informal) 32. avoid = shun (if someone shuns something, she/he deliberately avoid that something or keep away from it.)33. fair = impartial (someone who is impartial is able to give a fair opinion or decision on something.)34. attack = assault (physically attack someone), assail (attack violently)35. dislike = abhor (abhor means you hate something to a extreme extent for moral reasons), loathe (dislike very much)36. ruin = devastate (it means damage something very badly, or utterly destroy it.)37. always = invariably (the same as always, but better than always)38. forever = perpetual (a perpetual state never changes), immutable (something immutable will never change or be changed)39. surprise = startle (it means surprise you slightly), astound (surprise you to a large degree), astonish(the same as astound)40. enthusiasm = zeal (a great enthusiasm), fervency (sincere and enthusiasm)41. quiet = tranquil (calm and peaceful), serene (calm and quiet)42. expensive = exorbitant (it means too expensive that it should be)43. luxurious = lavish (impressive and very expensive), sumptuous (grand and very expensive)44. boring = tedious (if you describe something tedious, you mean it is boring and frustrating)45. respect = esteem (if you esteem someone, you respect and admire him/her. FORMAL)46. worry = fret (if you fret about something, you worry about it)47. cold = chilly (unpleasantly cold), icy (extremely cold)48. hot = boiling (very hot)49. dangerous = perilous (very dangerous, hazardous) (dangerous, especially to people's safety and health)50. only = unique (the only one of its kind), distinctive;51. stop = cease (if something ceases, it stops happening or existing)52. part = component (the components of something are the parts that it is made of)53. result = consequence (the results or effects of something)54. obvious = apparent, manifest55. based on = derived from (can see or notice them very easily)56. quite = fairly57. pathetic = lamentable (very uncomfortable and disappointing)58. field = domain (a particular field of thought, activities or interest)59. appear = emerge (come into existence)60. whole = entire (the whole of something)61. wet = moist (slightly wet), damp (slightly wet), humid (very damp and hot)62. wrong = erroneous (incorrect or partly correct)63. difficult = formidable64. change = convert (change into another form)65. typical = quintessential (this word means represent a typical example of something)66. careful = cautious (very careful in order to avoid danger), prudent(careful and sensible)67. ability = capacity, capability (the same as ability)68. strange = eccentric (if some one is eccentric, she/he behaves in a strange way, or his/her opinion is different from most people)69. rich= affluent (if you are affluent, you have a lot of money)70. use = utilize (the same as use)71. dubious = skeptical (if you are skeptical about something, you have doubts on it.)72. satisfy = gratify (if you are gratified by something, it gives you pleasure and satisfaction)73. short = fleeting, ephemeral (if something is ephemeral, it lasts a short time)74. Scholarship = fellowship75. smelly = malodorous (used to describe an unpleasant smell)76. ugly = hideous (if something is hideous, it is very ugly or unattractive)77. attractive = appealing (pleasing and attractive), absorbing (something absorbing can attract you a great deal)78. diverse = miscellaneous (a miscellaneous groups consists of many different kinds of things)79. disorder = disarray, chaos80. crazily = frantically (used to describe someone who behaves in a wild and uncontrolled way)81. rapid = meteoric (ATTENTION: meteoric is only used to describe someone achieves success quickly)82. ordinary = mundane (very ordinary and not at interesting or unusual)83. despite = notwithstanding (FORMAL)84. best = optimal (used to describe the best level something can achieve)85. sharp = acute (severe and intense)86. unbelievable = inconceivable (if you deem something inconceivable, you think it very unlike to happen )87. puzzle = perplex (something perplex someone means it confuses and worries him/her because he/she does not understand it)88. method = avenue (a way of getting something done)89. famous = distinguished (used to describe people who are successful in their career)90. ancient = archaic (extremely old and extremely old-fashioned)91. decorate = embellish (embellish means make something look more attractive via decorating it with something else)92. possible = feasible (if something is feasible, it can be done, made or achieved)93. so = consequently, accordingly94. rare = infrequent (doesn’t happen often)95. greedy = rapacious (greedy and selfish)96. individuals,characters, folks = people,persons97. nowadays = currently98. dreadful, unfavorable, poor, adverse, ill = be less impressive99. reap huge fruits = get many benefits100. for my part, from my own perspective = in my opinion。

Winding 蜿蜒曲折的 savor 尽情享受Eloquent 有口才的 hurly burly 喧嚣（名词）Prestigious 享有盛誉的 exhilarated 兴奋的Overwhelmed 震撼的 component 组成部分Come into contact with 接触 Provide an avenue for 提供途径Sportsmanship 运动精神 mandatory 必修的Etiquette 礼节 perception 理解习惯(be/become/get) accustomed to习惯于get used to习惯于habituated to习惯make a habit of sth./doing sth.使...形成一种习惯be used to doing sth.习惯于许多,大量,富于a (great/wide) range of广泛的;许多的a cloud of一大群;一大片a crowd of许多;一大群a good/great deal (of)许多,大量a great many许多a heap of一大堆a host of一大群;许多a large amount & large amounts of许多,大量a multitude of一大批;大量a myriad of大量的,无数的a number of许多;一些a pile of一堆;很多a wealth of丰富的,大量的Aabound in充满,富于all kinds of许多;大量(金钱)an array of显眼的一系列;整齐的一大批;大量be abundant in富于,丰富by the dozens数目很多地;大量地for the most part主要地;大多数情况下have (sth.) to spare有多余的...head and shoulders above大大超出,水平高很多in abundance大量地in quantity大量地,大批地on a large scale大批量;大规模plenty of丰富,大量quite a bit/few/little/lot相当多,有相当多的数目rich in sth.富于...safety in numbers人多保险,势众scores of许多teem with有很多...,充满...the majority of大多数varied fare多样化的饮食well attended参加的人多各种a (great/wide) variety of种种,各种all sorts of各种各样的of sorts不怎样的;各种各样的缺乏,稀少absent from缺席;不在defect in ...的缺点;有...缺陷empty of缺乏,无in the absnece of缺少,缺乏lacking in缺乏leave out遗漏,缺漏;排除low in贫乏的much less更不用说;更少;不及not nearly相差很远,远远少于one in a million非常稀罕的东西;百里挑一的东西out of stock没有库存,缺货rare breed凤毛麟角,稀罕,难得short of sth.不足;缺乏without further ado言归正传,闲话少说一点a bite to eat (随便吃的)一点儿东西,一口a grain of truth一点儿可信的东西;一丝真理by inches一点一点地far from一点儿也不;根本不是I'll say.一点也没错.in no way决不,一点也不not at all一点儿也不;没关系,别客气You can say that again! & You said it!一点没错,说得对极了!至多at best充其量,至多at most & at the most最多,充其量(不超过)至少at least1.最低限度;至少2.起码增add sth. to sth.增加,添加build up积累;增长more and more越来越多pile up堆积;增多,积累scale up按比例增加,相应提高speed up使加速,增加速度step up使增加;使加快减cut back on削减,缩减cut corners节省开支;节省气力cut down1.砍倒(树木),砍伐2.减少...的量;缩减deduct from从...中扣除;从...中减去die away (风、声音)逐渐消失;减少或减弱fade away逐渐凋谢; (声音)慢慢减弱,逐渐消失let up减小,渐渐停止lose weight体重减轻;减肥reduce to变少;使处于,使成为(某种情况或状态)slow down减速,慢下来;松弛突然,突发a fit of突发一阵,阵发break away (from)突然离开,脱离;放弃(传统等)break off折断;突然中断或停止break out爆发;突然发生burst out突然说出;突然(哭、笑、叫)起来cross one's mind突然想起;突然从脑海中掠过,想起来jump out at突然出现;一下子吸引住on short notice在很短的时间内(突如其来,无充分的准备时间) pop up突然出现spring up突然出现;迅速生长突破break out of突破,摆脱break through sth.突围;取得突破性进展by leaps and bounds迅速地,突飞猛进地冲突collide with与...相碰撞;与...冲突conflict with倾轧,冲突爱;喜欢a standing ovation起立欢呼acquire a taste for sth.对...有兴趣,开始喜欢attach to1.依附在...上;系在...上2.依恋;喜爱3.认为...有重要性be fond of喜欢;偏爱care for1.照顾,照看2.喜欢,喜爱catch on1.理解,领会2.逐渐流行,逐渐受欢迎do one's thing做拿手的并且喜欢做的事endear to(使)受到喜爱enthusiasm for热衷;热爱fall in love with爱上...;喜欢上...keen on喜爱;热衷于love affair恋爱;风流韵事make sb. welcome表示欢迎prefer to1.宁愿...,更喜爱2.喜爱A甚于B;选择A而不选择B take care of1.负责,处理2.照顾,照应;爱护恨;厌恶abhorrent to厌恶allergic to对...极厌恶;对...过敏averse to讨厌...be/get tired of厌倦...disapprove of不赞同,不喜欢fed up with对...感到厌烦;腻了go against the grain不合(某人)(性情、意愿等);令人讨厌或不高兴grudge against怨恨...sick of ...对...厌烦,厌倦think little of不喜欢,认为不好以前,刚才a while back不久以前,刚才at birth刚出生at one time1.曾经,一度2.每次,一次emerge from从...出来,出现;曾经一度遭到...just now刚才the other day前几天,最近现在,迄今as yet迄今为止at present现在,目前by far到目前为止;最even now即使在现在ever since从那时起一直到现在for the moment暂时;目前for the time being暂时,眼下not yet尚未(到目前为止某事没有发生)on the spot在现场,当场;立即so far迄今为止;到目前为止to date到目前为止,迄今马上,立刻at once马上,立刻in a hurry匆忙;立即,很快地in a little while不久,立刻in a moment立即,立刻in no time马上,立即jump at急忙接受;立即抓住no sooner ... than一...就...;马上,立即right away立即,马上以后,将来about to正要,即将after hours办公(营业)时间以后before long不久以后;很快by and by不久以后,过一段时间;逐渐地from now on今后;从现在起in the near future在不远的将来look beyond朝比...更远的地方看;考虑...以后(更大)的问题在...时候as long as1.既然;在...的时候(指时间)2.只要(指条件)at a time在某个时刻;每次at all times一直,在任何时候at any time/moment在任何时候,随时at the height of sth.在...的最鼎盛时at the peak of在...高峰期; (在事业)登峰造极之时by the time到...的时候cram for死记硬背;临时抱佛脚in due time & in time及时地,在适当的时候in surgery正在做手术in the act of doing sth.做...时in the meantime在...期间;同时in the middle of doing sth.正在做某事It's high time是...的时候了just as1.正像,正如2.正当...的时候on one's own time自己的时间;非工作时间on short notice在很短的时间内(突如其来,无充分的准备时间) order of the day某一时间内必须做或通常做的事under warranty在保修期内...时间或时期at maturity (动物)成熟期baby boom生育高峰时期reproductive cycle繁殖周期rush hour交通高峰时间spare time业余时间time off空闲时间时代from generation to generation世代相传Ice Age冰川期,冰河时代keep up with the times跟上时代过时behind the time/times落伍,过时out of date过时及时,准时in due time & in time及时地,在适当的时候in season当令,应季;及时on schedule按照预定时间,准时on the dot准时;正点on time按时,准时right ontime及时,准时时常,偶尔at intervals1.到处2.时常;每隔...时间at times有时,不时every once in a while偶尔every now and then有时;时时every so often偶尔,有时from time to time时常,有时more often than not通常;时常now and then时而,不时off and on & on and off断断续续地,不时地on occasion间或,有时once in a while & every once in a while偶尔随时be at one's service随时提供服务,随时效劳同时at the same time1.同时2.然而,不过coincide with (在空间、时间方面)巧合;同时发生;与...一致in the meantime在...期间;同时熬夜be up & stay up熬夜,晚睡burn the midnight oil熬夜用功;开夜车make a night of it熬夜,工作或玩一整夜stay up不睡觉,熬夜首先,初始above all首先;最重要的是ahead of领先;在...前面at first起先at the outset最初,开始begin with以...开始;首先first and foremost首要地,首先first of all首先,第一for one thing首先;一则(用以引出某事的理由)in the first place最初;首先second to none首屈一指lead off开始,开头;率先最后,终究after all1.到底,终究2.毕竟as it turn(s) out最终证明为at last终于,最后at the end of the day最终,考虑所有情况之后once and for all最后一次;干脆自始至终all along自始至终;从头到尾consist in ...是始终如一的from start to finish自始至终开始acquire a taste for sth.对...有兴趣,开始喜欢come from开始于...;起源于...;出生于...comesintoseffect开始生效,开始实行come on (劝说等)来吧;开始get busy开始工作get cracking开始; (尤指)大干起来get down to开始认真做...get going开始,着手get off on the wrong foot开始就不顺利;一开始就犯了个错误get off the ground (指活动、事业等)顺利开始get set准备好开始get the ball rolling开始某种活动,开始get to work (on)开始工作;开始做...go ahead先请;请开始吧;继续go off爆炸; (闹钟、雷)开始响起来start out开始时打算,本来想要;动身take up1.开始从事2.提出3.接纳,吸收结束,完成all over 1.全部结束;完蛋be finished with完成bring an end to ... & bring ... to an end使...终止bring off救出;圆满完成come out1.出版,刊出2.结束;结果是come to an end告终,结束;完结culminate in达到高潮,顶点;以...告终dash off迅速写(或画);迅速完成draw to a close结束,终结drink up喝干净,喝完end in结束于,以...告终end up1.结束,停止2.到达某处或某种状态,结果,到头来finish up彻底完成,结束get (sth.) over with结束(不愉快的事)get out of the way解决,完成;除去get over1.从(疾病、震惊等)中恢复过来2.做完,结束(不愉快但必须做的事)get through1.读(写、做)完2.打通电话go/be through with结束;完成go through1.穿过2.完成;用光,耗尽各处,到处put an end to停止,结束;摧毁run out (of)用完,没有了;耗尽run out of time用完全部时间,没有时间了rush through快速地做,匆忙完成turn in交,缴(完成的工作)wind up1.以...为结尾,落得...的结果2.结束,完成wrap up完成(任务), (圆满)结形容词合适的: suitable/ advisable/ sound/ temperate/ rational/ preferable/ reliable/ fitting/ modest/ moderate精致的: elegant/ delicate/ elaborate美好的: gorgeous/ glorious/ splendid/ admirable/ breathtaking/impressive/ spectacular/ superb杰出的: outstanding/ distinguished/ eminent/ excellent/ supreme/ extraordinary/ prominent/ matchless/ foremost著名的: famous/ illustrious/ celebrated/ notable聪明的: intelligent/ wise/ ingenious/ sensible/ smart/ clever/ knowledgeable/ capable大的: immense/ huge/ spacious/ prodigious/ massive/ enormous/ vast/ tremendous/ expansive/ mightily小的: slight/ tiny/ microscopic/ small/ diminutive/ minuscule重要的: important/ significant/ pivotal/ superb/ momentous/ vital/ primary/ essential/ principal/ leading/ major/ dominant/ predominant/ fateful最好的: optimum/ premium基本的: underlying/ elementary/ fundamental/ essential/ cardinal不足的: insufficient/ scanty/ meager/ needy/ poor/ scarce/ devoid/ empty/ lacking充足的: fraught/ sufficient/ enough/ adequate/ abundant过多的: excessive/ redundant/ overabundant/ inordinate特殊的: unique/ matchless/ unrivaled/ extraordinary/ special奇怪的: odd/ bizarre/ quaint/ weird/ queer相似的: similar/ approximate/ proximate/ homogeneous/ identical/ equal/ equivalent/ coordinate无效的: null/ invalid/ void有效的: valid/ effective/高兴的: delightful/ happy/ hilarious/ exultant/ gleeful/ joyous/ exalted/ blessed/ pleasing/ amusing名词成就, 成功: success/ triumph/ victory/ accomplishment/ achievement/ fruition/ consummation/ attainments失败: failure/ be defeated/ a case of crabs观点: point of view/ standpoint/ viewpoint/ frame of reference/ theory 财产: treasure/ profit/ fortune/ moneybag/ wealth/ belongings/ estate/ possessions/ property/ riches/ worth好处: advantage/ positive side/ benefit/ gain/ good/ stead优点: excellence/ merit/ strongpoint/ virtue缺点: bug/ disfigurement/ limitation/ objection/ vice/ lacuna/ defect 发展: development/ evolution/ progress/ grow普及: popularization/ prevalence出现: emergence情况: circumstance/ condition原因: causation/ cause/ matter/ reason影响: influence/ impact动词提供: provide/ supply/ furnish/ give/ render/ accommodate思考: consider/ speculate/ ponder/ think建议: propose/ suggest/ advance/ mention/ recommend/ advise/ offer吸引: engross/ absorb/ draw/ attract/ intoxicate/ lure/ entice/ tempt 揭示: reveal/ exhibit/ expose/ disclose/ unveil/ show/ transpire/ indicate/ denote解释: understand/ comprehend说明: illuminate/ clarify/ illustrate/ exemplify/ explain/ elaborate 暗示: imply / allude/ insinuate开始: start/emerge/ launch/ start/ begin/ commence/ initiate带来, 引起: generate/ produce/ give rise to/ engender停止: stop/ cease/ halt/ terminate/ end/ finish/ conclude赞同: agree with/ applaud/ approve/ go along with反对: oppose/ argue against/ combat副词非常: very/ extraordinarily/ highly/ in the extreme/ extremely/ largely/ quite/ awfully/ considerably/ greatly明显的: clearly/ obviously/ distinctly/ evidently/ markedly/ visibly 表连接后来: afterward/ consequentially/ then最后: finally/ eventually/ lastly/ in the end/ ultimately/ at length 因此: therefore/ thus/ consequently/ in result/ hence/ as a result然而: however/ nevertheless/ whereasabundant—plentiful 丰富的－丰富的accelerate—increase 加速－增加accessible—reachable 可到达的－可到达的accordingly—for that reason因此－因此account for—explain说明accumulate—collect积聚－收集acute—intense急性的－剧烈的adhere—stick粘附－粘附adjunct—addition辅助－附加adorn—decorate装饰－－装饰adverse—negative相反的－负面的advocate—proponent提倡者－支持者aesthetical—artistic审美的－艺术的astound—surprise令人极为惊讶的－令人惊讶attachment (to)—preference (for)喜爱－喜爱attain—achieve获得－获得attendant—accompanying伴随的－伴随的attire—clothing衣服－衣服attribute—characteristic特征aviation—navigation航空－航空barren—infertile贫瘠的－贫瘠的bias—prejudice偏见－偏见bizarre—odd－奇异的－奇怪的boost—raise促进－提高bound—limit限制－限制break (with)—departure (from)与…相分离－与…相分离bring about—cause导致－导致calculate—determine计划－决定carry—support支撑－支撑cast off—get rid of丢弃－抛弃cease—stop终止－停止celestial—astronomical天上的－天文的chance—unplanned偶然的－未计划的characterized—distinguished具有特色的－杰出的classify—categorize分类－分类coarse—rough 粗糙－粗糙cohesion—unity凝聚－结合，统一coin—create创造，杜撰－创造collectively—together共同的－一起comparably—similarly类似－同样地compile—put together收集－收集compose—create创作－创作，创造comprise—consist of 由…组成－由…组成conceal—hide 隐藏－隐藏concentrate—cluster集中－集中conclusive—definitive最后的，结论性的－最后的，确定性的concomitant with—in conjunction with与…相一致－与…相一致condone—mercy宽恕－宽恕confined—limited被限制的－限制的conflict—opposition冲突－相反conjectural—based on guessing 推测的－给予猜测的consciously—on purpose 有意识地－有目的地conserve—retain保存－保存considerable—great（数量、程度）巨大的－巨大的considerable—much大量的－大量的，坚实的considerable—substantial 大量的－大量的，坚实的consort—associate合伙人，伴侣－合伙人，伙伴conspicuous—noticeable明显的－明显的constituent—component组成部分－成分constitute—make up构成－构成consult—counsel商量－商量consumption—eating消费－吃contemporary—existing 当代的－现存的counteract—negate 抵消－取消，否定counterpart—version副本－版本crucial—essential重要的，关键的－重要的，基本的cumbersome—burdensome麻烦的－麻烦的customary—usual习俗的－一般的dampen—moisten使潮湿－使潮湿daring—bold大胆的－大胆的deft—skilled灵巧的－熟练的deliberate—careful深思熟虑的－小心的demand—order要求－命令demonstrate—show 证明－显示dense—thick 密集的－稠密的depress—lower降低－降低depressed—saddened沮丧的－悲伤的，沮丧的derive—obtain取得，获得－获得detect—discover the presence of 发现－发现…的存在detectable—measurable可察觉的，可测出的－可测量的detectable—sizable可察觉的，可测出的－巨大的devastate—ruin损坏－毁灭devote—dedicate投身－致力dictate—determine规定－确定diffuse—travel扩散－传播dirt—soil土壤－土壤disaster—catastrophe灾祸－大灾祸discreet—careful谨慎的－小心的discrete—separate离散的－分离的dispute—argument争论－争论disseminate—spread/impart/inform传播－散布/传播/传播distinct—different截然不同的－不同的distinct—obvious明显的－明显的distinct—separate分别的，截然不同的－分离的distinction—difference区别－差别distinguished—differentiated不同的－不同的，有区别的divergence—difference分歧－不同dogma—belief/doctrine教条－信仰/教条domain—field范围，领域－土地，领域dominate—be prevalent in占优势－占优势dramatic—striking引人注目的－引人注目的drastic—radical猛烈的－根本的drastic—severe激烈的－猛烈的draw—attract吸引－吸引durable—lasting耐久的－持久的durable—endurable耐久的－持久的dwelling—house住宅－房子eagerly anticipate—look forward to热切地期望－盼望elaborate—detailed详尽的，精巧的－详细的，精细的embed—encase植入－包裹embrace—welcome（欣然）接受－欢迎embrace—recipient接受者－接受者，收件人emerge—appear出现－出现emit—give off发射－发射employ—hire雇用－雇用enable—allow使能够－允许enable—help使能够－帮助enact—perform 制定法律，扮演角色－扮演角色end—goal目的－目的entire—whole全部的－全部的entity—object实体－物体entomb—trap埋葬－使陷于…之中eradicate—eliminate根除－清除essential—fundamental基本的－基本的evidence—indicate表明－指出exalted—superior高贵的－出众的exceed—surpass超越－超过execute—create（按计划和设计）做成，制成－创造exert—apply施加－施行exorbitant—expensive 昂贵的，昂贵的expedient—makeshift权宜之计－权宜之计exponential leaps—rapid increases几何级数般的跳跃－快速增加expose—uncover揭露－揭露exposed to—subject to暴露于－使经受，使遭受extend—increase延长－增加，扩大extend—stretch延伸－伸展extol—praise赞美－赞扬extract—remove提取，去掉－清除faction—side帮派－一方fade (from)—disappear (from)淡出－消失fashion—create制作－创造fatal—deadly致命的－致命的feed—put填入－放入fine—minute细小的－微小的first rank—highest quality顶级的－最高档次的fixture—commonplace object固定设备－常规物体flatter—compliment奉承－赞美forage—feed喂草料－喂食forward-looking—progressive有远见的－进步的frame—pose给…设框－使摆好姿势fundamental—basic基本的－基本的fuse—combine融合－联合gap—opening裂缝－裂缝give way to—turn into被…所替代－转变为glow—shine发光－发光hard—firm坚硬的－坚硬的hemisphere—side半球－一侧herald—announce预示，宣布－预示，宣布homogeneous—uniform同源的－一致的imitate—copy模仿－复制immunity—protection免疫－保护implement—tool工具－工具implication— significance内涵－含义，意义impose—demand强加（要求）－要求in place of—instead of 代替－代替inadequate—deficient不充分的－缺乏的，不足够的incise—carve切割－雕刻inclination—preference爱好，倾向－爱好induce—cause导致－导致inevitable—ineluctable不可避免的－不可避免的influx—arrival流入－到达ingot—a block of metal金属锭－一块金属inhibit—hinder阻止－妨碍initially—at first最初－第一initiate—begin创立－开始instance—case案例－案例instantaneous—immediate立杆见影的－立即的integral—essential整体的，构成整天所必需的－基本的，必需的intense—extreme强烈的－极端的interchangeable—equivalent可替换的－等值的intervention—influence干涉－影响intricate—complex复杂的－复杂的inviting—attractive吸引人的－吸引人的jolt—shock使震惊－使震惊lament—complain about令人对…感到遗憾－抱怨lure—attract引诱－吸引magnify—increase扩大－提高magnify—intensify扩大－加强magnitude—extent量值，大小－范围maintain—preserve/keep维持－保持/保持major—principal主要的－主要的maneuver—trick策略，花招－诡计margin—edge边缘－边缘marked—pronounced明显的－明显的meticulous—careful谨小慎微的，过分注意细节的－小心的milestone—significant development里程碑－重大的发展minuscule—tiny微小的－微小的minute—tiny微小的－微小的modify—change改变－改变monopolize—dominate垄断－支配moreover—furthermore进一步说－进一步说mundane—ordinary世俗的－平常的myriad of—many无数的－许多的nevertheless—however然而－然而novel—innovative新颖的－创新的noxious—harmful有害的－有害的obtain—acquire得到－获得obtain—get获得－得到outbreak—beginning爆发－开始outline—summarization概要－概述outstanding—excellent出类拔萃的－很好的peak—maximum顶峰－最大值peculiar—distinctive独特的－独特的penetrate—go through穿过－穿过persist—continue坚持－持续pertinent—relevant相关的－相关的phenomenon—event现象－事件pick up—follow沿着－沿着picture—imagine/describe想象，描写－想象/描写pit—hole深坑－洞ponder—meditate沉思－沉思ponderous—heavy笨重的－沉重的pore—hole孔－洞position—location位置－位置potential—possible潜在的－可能的prefer—favor倾向，喜欢－喜欢preoccupation—involvement全神贯注preside over—manage掌管－掌管prevailing—most frequent主要的－最经常的prevent—avoid阻止－避免primary—fundamental基础的－基本的，基础的principal—main主要的－主要的prior to—preceding在…之前－前面的prominent—distinguished卓越的－杰出的prominent—prestigious卓越的－著名的property—characteristic特性－特点proponent—supporter支持者－支持者prospect—possibility前景－可能性protrude—project突出－突出puncture—pierce刺破－刺破rapid—swift快速的－迅速的rare—infrequent希罕的－不经常的rather—instead相反－相反readily—easily容易地－容易地realization—awareness认识到－认识到reap—gain收获－获得reckless—irresponsible不负责任的refreshing—unusual给人新鲜感的－不同寻常的relate—connect与…有关－与…有关reliance—dependence依靠－依靠remarkable—extraordinary非凡的－非凡的restricted—limited受限制的－受限制的revise—change修改－改变rich—abundant丰富的－丰富的robust—strong强壮的－强壮的roll back—reduce把…压到标准水平－降低，减少rotate—alternate旋转－交替rotate—turn旋转－旋转roughly—approximately大约－大概rudimentary—undeveloped初步的，尚未发展完备的－尚未发展完备的rupture—burst爆裂－爆裂sanitation—health卫生－卫生scale—climb攀登－攀登scope—range范围－范围secure—acquire弄到，获得－获得secure—safe安全的－安全的set—establish设置－建立settle—locate定居－坐落shield—protect保护－保护shy away from—avoid躲避－躲避simultaneous—synchronous同时的－同时的since—because因为－因为site—location地点－位置skepticism—doubt怀疑－怀疑skilled—expert熟练的－熟练的skyrocket—increase rapidly快速上升－迅速增加smother—eliminate窒息－清楚snap—break断裂－断裂sole—only唯一的－唯一的solemn—serious严肃的－严肃的some—approximately大约－大概sort out—separate区分－分离spark—bring (about)/usher (in)引起，开始－引起/开始spawn—create引起，大量生产－创造speculate—hypothesize推测－假设spot—identify发现－确定，鉴别staggering—overwhelming令人惊愕的－压倒性的staple—basic element主要部分－基本组成部分stationary—fixed静止的－固定的stimulate—encourage刺激－激励story—tale故事－故事strategy—scam/trick诡计－诡计/诡计strength—basis力量的源泉－基础stress—emphasize强调－强调stringent—strict严格的－严格的struggle—competition挣扎－竞争subject to—susceptible to易受…的－易受…的subsidize—finance资助－资助substantiate—verify证实－证实subtle—slight精巧微妙的－细微的succinct—concise/terse简短的－简明的/简短的sufficient—adequate充足的－充足的sumptuous—luxurious奢侈的－奢侈的supplement—extension补充－扩展，延伸support—hold/uphold支持－支撑/支持supposed—seeming假定的－表面上的supremacy—dominance至高无上－优势supreme—most outstanding至高无上的－最出类拔萃的surge—accelerate汹涌进行－加速发展suspend—hang悬挂－悬挂symmetrical—proportionally balanced对称的－比例平衡的tangle—twist/jumble纠缠－缠绕、使混乱tempting—attractive吸引人的－吸引人的thankful—grateful感谢－感激trace—imprint痕迹－印记trend—tendency倾向－趋向unadorned—disorganized未修饰的－混乱的undergo—experience经历－经历uniform—integrate统一－整合unique—particular独一无二的－独特的unravel—discover弄清－发现usher in—begin开始－开始vary—differ改变－与…不同vast—large宽广的，巨大的－巨大的vibrate—convulse震动－震动vigilant—alert警惕的－警惕的virtually—actually/practically/almost实质上（几乎）－实际上（几乎）/实际上（几乎）/几乎witness—observe目击－观察yield—provide产生－提供从无到有开始Begin, start, begin with, spring, start up, set off on, break out, strike up, originate from,;Initiate, launch, originate, sprout; unfold; unleashoutset, onset,Rudimentary, elementary,出现Appear, appear to be, emerge, arise, loom, turn out, show up, com out, come intosight/view, come forth发生Happen, occur, take place, come about,Happening occurrence产生,创造create, produce, bring about, yield, give birth to, bear, bring into being, generate, beget，germinate;Invent, innovate, renovate, plan, design, imagine, conceive, devise, formulate, imagine, envision,建立Found, set, built up, construct, institute, constitute, set up, establish制造,组成Make, make up, produce, construct, turn out, manufacture, form, shape, compose, compile, concoct, fabricate生长壮大复制,繁殖58Copy, duplicate, reproduce, multiply.发育，发展Grow, develop, breed, bring up, nurture, cultivate, hone, raise, foster, (主动)Develop, advance, progress, move forward, go forward, proceed（自我成长）Burgeon, flourish, thrive, bloom, blossom, boom, prosper;保持，延续Continue, last, carry on, keep on, keep, remain maintain retainPerpetuate,Persevere, stick with, insist on, persist in,Continuous, incessant, permanent, constant, steady, unbroken, perpetual, everlasting, eternal, lasting, unending, uninterrupted, undying, immortal, invariable,存在,生存Exist，found, stand, lay in, be rooted in，be embedded in,Substance, matter, object, material, stuff, things, entity,individual, creature, beings,Topic, subject, issue, theme, gist, item, content, point,Extant, existing, in existence, substantive, ubiquitous, omnipresent, universal, survive，outlive，outlast, remain alive，Endure, undergo,从有到无结束，停止53stop，finish, be over, cease, discontinue, wind up, bring to an end(close, halt), end，come to an end, end up, terminate，quench，quell，run out, expire, concludeadjourn/dissolve/lull/subvert,abortaive,Surcease, cessation,impasse, deadlock, logjam, stalemate,Ultimate, final, eventual,Abeyance, suspend, interruption, brake, halt, pause,死亡,毁灭Perish, annihilate, kill, exterminate, take life, slay, hatchet, slaughter, assassinate, famish, smother, throttle, strangle, stifle, decimate,Die, pass away, perish, expire, run out,decease, death, demise,Defunct, moribund, dying,Fatal, formidable, deadly, fatality.取消,废除550Cancel, annul,call off, do away with,Abolish, desuetude, disuse, abandon, repeal, revoke, invalidate, rescind, nullifyObsolete, out of date, outmoded, out of fashion, old-fashioned,除去551Remove，erase，delete, extinguish, exterminate, eliminate, eradicate, extirpate, efface，clear away, throw away, do away with, wipe out, get rid of , rule out,Obliterate, expurgate, expunge, purify, purge,破坏Destroy, damage, wreck, devastate, raze, ravage, knock down, demolish, vandalize, tear down, ruin, spoil, dilapidate,Perdition，detrimental，harmful, injurious,topple down/inclement/伤害Damage Bruise, mar, maul, do harm to, injure, wound, hurt, impair, harm, hurt, wound, harm, break, fracture, maim, cripple, mangle, mutilate;cut, gash, fracture, break灾祸Disaster, catastrophic, calamity, cataclysm, carnage, massacre, holocaust, decimate, wreck, accident,Misfortune, hapless, mishap,逐渐消亡Rot way, perish, decay, disintegrate, decompose, deteriorate, molder, aggravate, worsen, exacerbate, corrupt,Rotten, decayed, corrupt, damaged;decrepit ,decrepitude, dilapidate状态之改变正面能力，强，权力Enable, facilitate, empower, entitle, enhance,Strengthen, reinforce, sustain, countenance, consolidate,Able, be capable of doing , competent, potent, omnipotent, puissant, resourcefulAbility, capability, capacity, skill, forte，competence, facultyIntelligence, aptitude, flair, talentClever, bright, talented, astute, wisdom, wise, smart, acumen,Hegemony, puissance, resource, power, energy, authority, influence, impact, supremacy, potency, strength, force, vigor;大Aggrandize, amplify, augment, broaden, widen, extend, enlarge, magnify, enlarge, Exaggerate, overstate, overstress, overemphasize,多,增加Enrich, increase, add to, abound, fill, fill up, replenish, stock up, add, put in, raise,Accrue, mount up, augment, accumulate, riseAbundant, plentiful, more than enough, profuse, copious, rich, wealthy, generous, numerous, in great numbers;sufficient, enough, adequate, ample, as much as necessary,Increment, accretion, growth, augmentation,高Raise, lift up, improve, enhance, elevate, escalate, heave, heighten, hoist,Rise, increase, ascend, mount, go up, climb scale, jack up, skyrocket, surge, upsurgeHigh, tall, in height, lofty, towering, lanky;Height, stature, elevation, altitude有助Help, assist, aid, subsidize, help to, conduce to,, contribute to, function to, be of assistance, lend a hand, facilitate, enhance,Helper, aide, assistant, accessory, ancillary, accomplice, auspices,支持Support, bolster, boost, brace, buttress, espouse, proponent, underpin, embrace, exponent,快216Accelerate, hasten, speed up, quicken up, expediteRun, scurry, scuttle, scamper, prance, gallop, sprint, scud, Dart, fleet, rush,Fast, quick, rapid, swift, expeditious, speedy, fleeting, briskSpeed, swiftness, pace, velocity, rapidity, tempo, rate, quickness, promptness,有效,起作用Effective, efficient, effectual, successful, useful, helpful, functional, applicable, operative, working, active, functioning, in operation, in use,Available, serviceable,Impact, influence,自由，解脱Release, free, set free, set off, liberate, unshackle, unfetter, emancipate, manumit, disentangle, untangle, extricate, unravel,中性变Change, alter, modify, vary, turn, become, adjust, amend, transform, distort, modulate, transmute, shift, transfigure,Fluctuate, move, revolutionize, alternate, shiftDiversified, volatile, fickle, mercurial, protean, erratic, eccentric, irregular, inconsistent,Changeable, unsettled, variable, malleable, mutable,Change, alteration, variation, modification, transition, renovation, recondition, mutation;修改Redress, rectify, revise, emend, renovate, innovate, recondition,负面弱Weaken, enervate, vitiate, sap, impair, emaciate, attenuate, diluteWane, sag, fade, flag, deteriorate, exacerbate, wither, blight, dry up, wilt, sere, sear, shrink, shrivel,Weak, feeble, effete, wan, frail, lacking in strength, impotent, feeble, lethargicInfirmity, weakness, decadence, decadent,减少，降低Lower, reduce, decrease, drop off, abate, decline, dwarf, dwindle, rarefy, curtail, shorten, abridge, truncate, dock, decline, slump, eclipse, subside, shrink, ebb,Diminish, lessen, debase, dilute, moderate, die down, grow less intense, cut down, ebb, cut back,慢Decelerate, slow, slow down, retard, hold back,Slow, sluggish,Postpone, put off, delay, defer, procrastinate, adjourn,Dilatory, tardy, slack, sluggish,平息reconcile, comfort, placate, conciliate, reassure，allay, calm, console, soothe, pacify, assuage, mitigate, palliate, salve, temper,palliation, reconciliation,禁止，限制Prohibit, proscribe, forbid, ban, restrain, interdict, overrule, veto, stop fromLimit, restrict, confine, blockade, fetter, shackle, circumscribeProhibited, forbidden, banned, illegal, outlawed, proscribed, taboo;Durance, taboo,控制, 抑制Control, wield, hold, steer, helm, maneuver, manipulate, dominate, regulate, rein in, direct, rule, govern, reign, regimentCurb, bridle, yoke, restrain inhibit smolder, suffocate，refrain from阻碍455Hinder, hamper, check, stunt, impede, block, obstruct, retard, interrupt, hold back, prevent from, forestall, keep from, deter from, discountenance, lumber, thwart, stem, stymie, frustrate, stump, stem,Entangle, enmesh, ensnare, entrap,Barrier, obstacle, obstruction, impediment, setback, hindrance, hurdle, blockade, blockage,morass, predicament, plight, straits, quandary,strait,预防Forestall, proselytize, preclude, prevent,干预432Interfere, intervene, intercede, meddle, annoy, vex, nettle, perturb, disturb, discomfit, molest, pester, bother, annoy, harass, intrude,Mediate,Inroad, raid, assail, assault, attack, trespass, infringe, attack, foray, intrude, encroach,Turbulence, disturbance得到，付出付出给Give, offer, endow, endue, present, bestow, provide, supply, furnishImpart, instruct, apprise, teach, instill, inculcate,Proffer, confer, donate, contribute, subscribe, bequeath,Issue, flow out, release,支出Cost, spend, pay, pay out, expend, disburse,。

形容词合适的: suitable/ advisable/ sound/ temperate/ rational/ preferable/ reliable/ fitting/ modest/ moderate精致的: elegant/ delicate/ elaborate/subtle美好的: gorgeous/ glorious/ splendid/ admirable/ breathtaking/ impressive/ spectacular/ superb杰出的: outstanding/ distinguished/ eminent/ excellent/ supreme/ extraordinary/ prominent/ matchless/ foremost著名的: famous/ illustrious/ celebrated/ notable聪明的: intelligent/ wise/ ingenious/ sensible/ smart/ clever/ knowledgeable/ capable大的: immense/ huge/ spacious/ prodigious/ massive/ enormous/ vast/ tremendous/ expansive 小的: slight/ tiny/ microscopic/ small/ diminutive/ minuscule重要的: important/ significant/ concernful/ pivotal/ superb/ momentous/ vital/ primary/ essential/ principal/ leading/ major/ dominant/ predominant/ fateful最好的: optimum/ premium基本的: underlying/ elementary/ fundamental/ essential/ cardinal不足的: insufficient/ scanty/ meager/ needy/ poor/ scarce/ devoid/ empty/ lacking充足的: fraught/ sufficient/ enough/ adequate/ abundant过多的: excessive/ redundant/ overabundant/ inordinate特殊的: unique/ matchless/ unrivaled/ extraordinary / special奇怪的: odd/ bizarre/ quaint/ weird/ queer相似的: similar/ approximate/ proximate/ homogeneous/ identical/ equal/ equivalent/ coordinate.无效的: null/ invalid/ void有效的: valid/ acceptable/ effective/ resultful/ efficient/ competent高兴的: delightful/ happy/ hilarious/ exultant/ gleeful/ joyous/ exalted/ blessed/ pleasing/ amusing成就, 成功: success/ triumph/ victory/ accomplishment/ achievement/ fruition/ consummation/ attainments失败: failure/ be defeated/ a case of crabs观点: point of view/ standpoint/ viewpoint/ frame of reference/ theory财产: treasure/ profit/ fortune/ moneybag/ wealth/ belongings/ estate/ possessions/ property/ riches/ worth好处: advantage/ behoof/ benefit/ gain/ good/ stead优点: excellence/ merit/ strongpoint/ virtue缺点: bug/ disfigurement/ limitation/ objection/ vice/ lacuna/ defect/downside发展: development/ evolution/ progress/ grow普及: popularization/ prevalence.出现: emergence情况: circumstance/ condition原因: causation/ cause/ matter/ reason影响: infection/ influence/ impact提供: provide/ supply/ furnish/ give/ render/ accommodate思考: consider/ speculate/ ponder/ think建议: propose/ suggest/ advance/ mention/ recommend/ advise/ offer/吸引: engross/ absorb/ draw/ attract/ intoxicate/ lure/ entice/ tempt揭示: reveal/ exhibit/ expose/ disclose/ unveil/ show/ transpire/ indicate/ denote 理解: understand/ comprehend说明: illuminate/ clarify/ illustrate/ exemplify/ explain/ elaborate暗示: imply / allude/ insinuate开始: start/emerge/ launch/ start/ begin/ commence/ initiate带来, 引起: generate/ produce/ give rise to/ engender停止: stop/ cease/ halt/ terminate/ end/ finish/ conclude赞同: agree with/ applaud/ approve/ go along with/embrace反对: oppose/ argue against/ combatFaded from 消失于：disappeared fromNovel 创新的，新颖的：innovativeStationary 固定的：fixedVessel 船只：craftSmothering 窒息的：eliminatedCoined 组成，创造：createdIntervention 干预：influenceEmerged 出现：appearedOutlining 概括，总结：summarizingDeliberate 仔细地：carefulDemanded 需要：requiredImitate 模仿：copyComparably 相似地：similarlyInclinations 偏好，喜好: preferencesVaried 不同：differedCumbersome 笨重地：burdensomeConfined 局限：limitedFramed 构造，制定：posedSupposedly 可能地，推测地：seeminglySanitation 卫生：healthConflicting 对立的：apposingGive way to 让位于：turns intoSpeculate 假设：hypothesizeAlternative 选择：optionImposing 要求高的，费力的：demandingPenetrate 穿过：go throughExtended 增加，延长：increasePreferred 喜欢; favoredBarren 贫瘠的：infertileHard 坚硬的：firmDivergence 不同，区别：differenceDurable 耐久地：long-lastingDwelling 住所：housesElaborately 精心地：done in a great detail Bounds 限制：limitsChance 偶然的：unplannedIntegral 必要的，基本的：an essentialCarry 承担：supportConcentrated 集中：clusteredEffect 影响：influenceDistinct 区别，不同：separateSetting 建立：establishingEnds 目标：goalsDrastic 激进的：radicalExtracted 提取：removedInstances 例子:casesEntombed 陷入：trappedMarked 明显的:pronouncedUshering 开始，引入：beginningExecute 执行，创造：createDomains 领域：fieldsFundamental 基本的：basicSkilled 专业的：expertPresided over 管理控制：managedCelestial 天文学的：astronomicalEntities 物体：objectsMotifs 母题，图案：designsRare 罕见的:infrequentMaintaining 维持：preservingTolerate 忍耐：endureObtain 获得getRoll back 减少reduceStimulating 刺激encouragingDepressed 降低，使沮丧loweredStringent 严厉的strictDictates 决定determines Witnessed 看到observedA break with 分开 a departure fromConserve 维持，保留retainMagnified 加强，加剧intensifiedForage 觅食feedCounteracted 否定，抵消negatedIn season 应季a particular time of yearFixture 寻常物品commonplace object Nevertheless 但是howeverRotates 转动，改变turnsReadily 容易地，欣然地easilyConstituting 组成making upPits 洞，坑holesDisputes 争论argumentsUnrestricted 不受限制的unlimitedSnap 折断breakFed 吃/放入putExposed to 易受影响的，受支配subjected toExert 引起，导致causeDiffuses 穿过，扩散travelsRapture 破裂burstMiniscule 微小的tinyEnables 使能够allowsAesthetically 美学的，艺术的artisticallyRefreshing 非同寻常的，耳目一新的unusualDevote 奉献dedicateBound 系，绑tiedAssembling 聚集gatheringAdorned 装修decoratedAttire 服装clothingUnravel 揭露discoverMundane 平凡的ordinaryGap 空隙openingDiscards 抛弃gets rid ofDeft 灵巧的skilledRobust 强壮的strongHeralded 宣布announcedPosition 职位jobMajor 主要的principalSymmetrical 比例平衡的，对称的proportionally balanced Obvious 明显的apparentDominated 占支配地位的were prevalent inSupplements 补充extensionsCrisscross 交叉move back and forthSkepticism 怀疑主义doubt Subsidy 资助financingConjectural 猜测的based on guessingEmploying 采用usingAssortment 种类varietyExalted 高级的superiorIngots 银锭/块blocks of silver mixed with copperCame of age 出现了，成名了established itselfTrace 痕迹imprintsExposed 暴露uncoveredAdversely 逆向/反的negativelyAltered 改变changedNoxious 有毒的，有害的harmfulDetectable 可以探测的measurableAcute 敏锐的，剧烈的intenseExceeded 超越surpassedAstounding 惊讶的surprisingDurable 耐久的lastingCustomarily 通常usuallyInduced 导致causedRemarkable 异常的extraordinaryExerted 运用appliedRestricted 限制limitedIntricate 错综复杂的complexVary 区别，不同differInitially 首先at firstCohesion 凝聚力unityConsciously 有意识地，故意地purposely Unadorned 未装饰的，平凡的plain Consumption 消费，吃eatingConstituents 组成部分componentsCalculated 计算，决定determinedCeased 停止stopProminent 著名的distinguishedApply to 应用于used forCoarser 粗糙的rougherDense 浓密的thickThanks to 由于because ofEagerly anticipated 渴望，期待looked forward to Properties 特征，特点characteristicsAscribed to 归功于，认为assumed to be true of Revolutionized 巨变，革命dramatically changed Appeal 吸引attractionSpawned 产生，产卵createdCore 核心centerEmbedded 镶嵌encasedSpotting 识别identifyingDogma 信仰，教条beliefDetect 发现discovered the presence ofShied away from 避免avoidedMilestone 里程碑significant developmentCritical 关键的essentialJolting 震动shockingMagnitude 成都/大小extent Intent 目的，意向goal Administered 管理managedPeriphery 外围outer edgeInception 起初beginningFabricating 构成，虚构constructingResort to 采取usingIngenuity 机灵，灵巧resourcefulnessFunctional 有功能的，有用的usableSignificant 有意义的meaningfulAttained 获得reachedFlamed 燃烧burnedEncompass包围，环绕includeCame to the forefront 来到最前线/变得很重要became important Hinged on 依赖depended onLured 引诱attractedExpendable消费品，可以牺牲的nonessentialNotwithstanding 尽管despiteIntricate 错综复杂的complexRandom 任意的unpredictableOptimal 最佳的，最理想的bestUrged 催促encouragedCarried on 继续continuedDiverse 不同的variedEnsures确保guaranteesSuitable 合适的，适宜的appropriatelyScares 稀有rareResemble 类似look likeCoarse 粗糙的crudeBrittle易碎的，脆弱的easily brokenAppreciated赏识，意识到recognizedMerely 仅仅onlyEmitting 发出producingSpanning 跨越coverPursue 追赶catchAltogether 完全的completelyIntensive 集中的，透彻的concentratedPrevailed 流行，盛行dominatedDepicted 描述describedForemost 首要的leadingMeteoric流星的，迅速的rapidApace with 快速的，急速的as fast asWider 宽广的more extensiveThereby 因此，在那方面by that meansUnique 唯一的，独特的singularRotting 腐烂的decayingKey 关键的important Converted修改changedAntecedent 先行的的，先辈predecessor Appealing吸引人的attractiveLocal 场所placeBoosted推进raisedScope X围extentProlific多产的，丰富的productiveEager 热心的，渴望的enthusiasticEngaged使用，雇佣hireSubsequent后来的laterSums 总数amountsIdentical同样的exactly alikeGraphic生动的，鲜明的vividUndoubtedly 毫无疑问的certainlyComponents 组成部分partsBesides 除此之外in addition toFlourished繁荣，昌盛thrivedGrumbled 抱怨，牢骚complainedServe服务，适合functionSole 唯一的onlyDetecting 发现findingSedentary久坐的，不活动的inactiveSubjected 受影响的exposedEssence 本质，精华basic natureDiverse 不同的differentNoted 注意到observedEmphasize 强调stressAccessible易接近的，可靠近的available Account for 解释，说明explainSmooth operation 顺利进行effective functioning Cluster 成群groupAlert 警惕wareScurrying 急跑，匆忙走rushingFormidable 艰难地，令人敬畏的difficultIntent 目的，意向purposeRegardless of 不管，不顾no matter whatMarked 显著地noticeableConfine 限制restrictPresumably 推测，大概probablySustain 支撑，持续supportInsignificant 无关紧要的unimportantUltimately 最后，最终eventuallyDemise 死亡deathConvert 转变changePrimarily 主要地，根本上chieflyPrevailing 流行的dominantUndergone 经历experiencedVast 巨大的great Attachment to 倾向于preference for Protruding 凸出的projectingShield 保护protectDaring 大胆boldBoosted 鼓舞raisedInhibited 阻碍hinderedCounterpart 版本，对应物versionDetectable 明显的，可探测的apparentSumptuous 奢侈的luxuriousYield 供应provideAdhere 坚持stickInitiate 启动，开始beginModifying 改变，限制changingRapidity 迅速swiftnessEfficiency 效率effectivenessRear 抚养raiseScale 攀登climbImmunity 免疫，保护protectionConspicuous 明显的noticeableBias 偏见prejudiceExorbitant 丰富的expensiveUndergone 经历experiencedConsorted 交往associatedSufficient 充足adequateAnnihilate 消灭，征服conquerAptly 恰当的appropriatelyFashion 制造createArticle 物品objectStaples 基本产品basic elementsInvade 侵入move intoContemporary 当代的existingFinely 微小的minutelyAttendant 伴随的accompanyingExponential leaps 迅速上升rapid increasesVirtually 几乎完全，实际上almost completelyPertinent 相关的relevantSuccinct 简明conciseRevise 改变changeMonopolized 垄断dominatedFactions 部分sidesFlattering 赞美complimentaryDisseminated 分散spreadAccelerated 加速increasedGiven way to 替代been replaced byReliance 依赖dependencePicture 想象imagineEmit 发出give offGlowing 发光的shiningInflux 流入，到达arrivalExtraordinary 异常的exceptionalEra 时代period of timeIntriguing 吸引人的attractiveConclusive 总结性的definitivePreoccupation 卷入involvementPrimary 基本的fundamentalEntire 整个whole Bring about 引起causeTemping 吸引人的attractiveReckless 不负责任的irresponsibleConcomitant with 同时发生的，与之伴随的in conjunction with Skyrocketing 迅速上升increasing rapidlyExtolling 高度赞扬praisingRoughly 大约harshlyReaped 获得gainedInterchangeable 互换的，等同于equivalentClassified 分类categorizedIncinerated itself 燃烧burn upSecuring 获得acquiringImplications 意义significantHinterland 腹地，内地贸易区regionPersisted 坚持，持续continuedUndergoing 经历，遭受experiencingSuspend 悬挂，延迟hangFatal 致命的deadlySecure 安全的safeSorted out 分类，挑练separatedDampened 使潮湿moistenedFine 细微的tinyDerived 起源，得自obtainedDrastically 激烈的，彻底的severelyCoincided with 一致，符合happened at the same time Supplement 补充add toContemporary 当代的，同时代的written at the same time Prized 珍视valuedOvertaken 超越，胜出surpassedIntervals 间隔periodsFreeing 解除releasingPlunge 投入，跳进dropTangled缠结的，紊乱的twisted togetherConcealed 隐藏coveredAvail themselves 利用make useAccordingly 因此for that reasonCrucial至关重要的importantPonderous 笨重的heavyAttained 达到，获得achievedAbundant 丰富的，充裕的plentifulPeculiar 独特的，奇异的strangeMeticulously小心翼翼的carefullyDurability 经久，耐久力enduranceIncised雕刻的carvedConsumed消耗，吃eatenInnovative 创新的newExtract 提取，提炼removeScorched烧焦burnedConsequence 结果resultExceed超越，胜出go beyondGenerated 产生causeNorm 标准standardHenceforth 今后from that time onMandated委托统治的recommendedImmutable 不可变的unchangeableRevered 尊敬respectedConsist 一致的，协调的constant address v. 应付，处理(问题等) aging n. n陈酿appropriate v. 擅用，挪用，占用，盗用article n. 物品；制品，商品arrested adj. 不良的，滞留的。

托福写作同义词替换词（全）同义词替换词国内考生常用的表达更得分的表达方式名词1things that one tries hardto do one's undertakings/ one's commitments2The fact is that?The reality is that?3joy happiness/delight/ enjoyment4sadness sorrow/ grief5danger hazard/ peril ( 后面这个词语气很强，危险程度非同一般 ) [派生 ] dangerous； hazardous≈schooling （指学校教育，家庭教育则用6education upbringing/ parenting）[ 区分 ]家庭教育的两个词upbringing 是从孩子的角度说的，比如children's upbringing；而parenting 是从家长的角度来说，比如 sensible parenting.如果你写过关于广告的题目，就一定体会过不停轮换使用advertisement/ advertising有多郁闷。

其实主体段论证中完全可以把广告类7advertisement/ advertising 细化，比如commercials（电视或者互联网上的广告），flyers（传单广告，北京最常见的形式就是“ 135****，办证”），billboards （大幅的广告牌）或者non-profit advertisements=public-interest advertisements （公益广告）8car Automobile9economic crisis economic meltdown（很接近）/recession （这个一般仅仅还是衰退）/the Great Depression （这个则是特指1929 年开始的那次了）10famous people celebrities （单数为 celebrity）11human beings（备考生使humanity（注意这个词的单数指人类，复数用过多）指人文学科） /the human race12wealth fortune(s)（ fortune 作财富的意思时可以加复数）13[ 相关 ] rich wealthy/ affluent (adj.)14skill≈注意这个词的正确解释是技能technique(或者方法，而不是 technology 科技 )15[ 派生 ] skilled adept/ adroit (adj.)16 method methodology (国外学术写作中超级常用的词，基本就是method的故作高深版）17field18understanding of19choice20cooperationbasic structure in a city or 21a country22tiredness for a long time 23is a must of24the Internet25honesty26strong belief27aim28worries29influence30influence on each other31many different kinds ofwrong ideas held by many 32people33fame34range35sense36part37wise38gapa system for a particular 39purpose40 a solution to sth.41bad students42bad behavior sphere/ domain/ arena≈grasp of/ commandof Option≈collaborationInfrastructureFatigueis a prerequisite for （是??的必备先决条件）≈the information highway(一篇考生作文里Internet 被使用十几次是常事儿 )≈integrityfaith (in)Intentionanxieties (是的，这两个词的确都可以加复数）impact/ repercussion/ implicationmutual influence（类似的表达还有mutual respect, mutual trust和mutual understanding/ interaction between A and B/ interplay between A and Ba variety of a?wide/ array of ? /ideawrange ?of ?Misconceptionsprestige/ sterling reputation≈spectrum≈recognitioncomponent （这个词不仅指零件，在学术写作中也经常指“部分”）[相关 ] sensible (adj.)Disparity≈ a mechanism for ,a remedy for sth. （生活中经常指一种病的治疗方法，但学术写作中经常用来指某种问题的解决方法，注意搭配的介词不同）≈unruly students/ disruptive students unethical behavior/ immoral behavior43organizations that helppoor people charities/ charitable organizations44difference Distinction45[ 派生 ] be different from be distinct from (adj.)46person Individual47personality≈ disposition48businesses enterprises（这里指企业）49prices that are too high exorbitant prices50the rate of ?the incidence of （?后面一般跟坏事儿，比如unemployment/ crime/ a disease）51intense enthusiasm zeal/ passion52cultural globalization（有global cultural homogenization 过多人使用这个词）53 a thing that is necessary a necessity54a thing that is new andinteresting a novelty55 a thing that is rare a rarity56things that people are notsure about Uncertainties57 a world language a universal language58friends Companions59relaxation≈ recreation60self-respect≈ self-esteem and dignity61respect sb./ sth.hold sb./ sth. in high regard62[ 反义 ] look down on ?treat ? with contempt despise=(v.) 63self-control self-discipline64criminal Convict65prisoner Inmate66drinks≈ alcoholic beverages67people who walk on thestreet Pedestrians68old generations in history Ancestors69a person who benefitsfrom sth. a beneficiary of sth.70a disease that spreads an epidemic（注意这个词虽然是 -ic 结尾，却quickly不是形容词）71a very unpleasant way oflife Misery adj-> miserable72a task that requires lots ofeffort an arduous task73emotion≈ sentiment74enemy≈ opponent/ foe75narrow minds insular minds （狭隘的头脑或者观念）76 a way to do sth.an approach to doing sth./an avenue towards sth.77hobby≈ pastime / diversion78progress progression （经常指抽象的进步，比如写关于 society/ career/ technology的话题）79failuresetback（注意作名词的时候中间不要加空格）80importance significance（当你用了一次 importance 之后，第二次不妨用这个）81duty obligation（用于比较重要的责任）82difficulty hindrance/ impediment/ hurdles83pressure from yourclassmates peer pressure84citizens who can work labor force/ workforce（都是总体概念，而且注意后面这个词的标准写法中间没有空格）85problems or diseases thatexist for a long time persistent problems/chronic diseases86a life without regularexercise a sedentary lifestyle87resultconsequence（表示消极的结果更多一些）88thoughts≈ considerations89the lack of knowledge ignorance （注意在地道英文里，这个词经常并不表示“忽视”，而是表示“无知”）90harm (n.)adverse effectdamage destroy/ ruin （这两个词比 damage程度更重）spoil（后面跟 the cityscape/ scenery/91harm (vt.)environment） undermine （后面跟抽象概念，比如 stability/ social order/ harmony）jeopardize （后面跟抽象概念，比如one's future/ one's career）tarnish （后面跟one's reputation/ image）sap/ dampen（后面跟one's enthusiasm/ interest/ confidence）92[ 派生 ] harmful detrimental (adj.)93[ 派生] be harmful to≈ pose a threat to94bad luck Misfortune95trouble adversity/ dilemma/ predicament/ hardship 96crime offense/ criminal act97youth crime≈ juvenile delinquency98criminal offender/ ≈ culprit/ ≈ perpetrator99serious crime heinous crime/ felony100 a minor crime a misdemeanor101shortage (of)scarcity (of)/ dearth (of)102the only one an exception103places where animals live Habitat形容词104worrying≈ disturbing105very popular prevalent/ ubiquitous106TRUE genuine (truly a genuinely)107deep profound （深刻的，后面经常跟 wisdom/ truths/understanding/ impact/ thoughts）108strong powerful/ mighty109weak≈ vulnerable110hard-working industrious（注意不是industrial，而diligent 那个词在美语中是个挺大的词）111very disappointing Lamentable可悲的 / pathetic112be good (for)be beneficial (to) = be in the best interests (of) 113be not as good as be inferior to114be better than be superior to115uninteresting mundane （注意这个词其实再美国很多时候并116many不是“世俗的”意思 /humdrum（注意要跟可数名词）numerous117complicated Intricate118strange odd/ bizarre/ eccentric（单 weird 有点过于口语化了）119cannot be turned back be irreversible 120produce useful results Productive 121practical≈ realistic122mature sophisticated （这个词指人的时候意思是思维成熟老练的）123selfish self-centered/ materialistic/ego-centric 124proud （贬义）Conceited125suitable Fitting126most suitable Optimal127lonely isolated/ alienated128alone Solitary129be easily influenced by be susceptible to sth. （一般是坏事情，比如 a sth.disease/ attacks）130is better than is superior to131not as good as ?is inferior tobe identical/ be homogenous/ be uniform（后面两132be the same 个词比较正式，一般是说cultural globalization 的时候常用，现在理解为什么小幅的名词叫school uniforms 了吧，就是让大家都看起来一样的衣服）133interesting≈ stimulating134boring≈ monotonous/ repetitive135useless Redundant136smart Intelligent137famous Renowned138positive≈ desirable/ encouraging139happy Delighted140enjoyable Delightful141can be used be available142hard to understand bewildering/ baffling/ confusing143(laws/ rules/ people)not strict Lenient144healthy wholesome（注意说人的健康还是要用 healthy，但是如果说事物有益健康，就可以用wholesome）145good for the eco-friendly（比如 Biking is far more eco-friendly envrionment than driving their SUVs.）146nervous/ anxious≈ apprehensive147doubt sth.be skeptical about sth.148fair≈ justified149unfair≈ unwarranted/ unjustifiable150huge enormous/ massive/ vast/ colossal151small tiny/ miniscule （后面一般跟抽象名词）152have many differentabilities be versatile/ be well-rounded153be familiar with be well-acquainted with154very successful/admirable Distinguished155proper Appropriate156typical quintessential （这个语气非常强）157exact precise/ ≈ accurate158ugly Unsightly159poor-quality substandard(housing/ accommodation/ work/ goods/ machines)the current ? / the existing（比如?the current160the present ?financial crisis/ the existing environmental problems)161outdated antiquated/obsolete162highly-respected Esteemed163complete(adj.)/ whole Entire164spend a lot of money lead an extravagant/ a lavish life165open enlightened/ progressive （开明的，逐步的，经常用来形容 govern-ment 或者 society）166sth. must be carried out sth. is compulsory/ sth. is mandatory167with long history（后面经常跟抽象名词，比如time-honoredtradition/ practice/ methods/ heritage）168continuing forever Perpetual169important significant essential vital( 这三个词的重要性依次递增 )170very attractive very appealing/ fascinating/ captivating 171very careful Cautious172be very interested in be absorbed in/ be engrossed in173be qualified for be eligible for174disappointing Frustrating175wrong Erroneous176long and a bitannoying Lengthy177very difficult daunting/ formidable178being spread in rampant （后面经常跟负面现象，比如crime, uncontrolled way pollution 或者 discrimination）179cruel≈ inhumane/ merciless180fatoverweight/ obese（后面这个已经胖出病了）181having wrong opinions skewed/ biased（这两个词一般在IELTS 媒体类话题使用，表示“有偏见的”）182including many things comprehensive （综合的，全面的）183enough adequate/ sufficient/ ample/ abundant（注意这四个词的语气是逐渐递增的 )184too much Excessive185very little minimal （注意不是 minimum ）186cause bad effects187strict188urgent189quiet counterproductive （其实地道英文写作里这个词不见得和生产有关，只要阻止人们达到目的，都可以写它counterproductive)stringent（后面一般跟laws, measures或者rules）pressing (problems)tranquil and serene（美语中这两个词经常可以连在一起用）动词190make sth. strong191make sth. weak192make sth. better193make sth. worsecontrol?(a negative 194trend)195stop196manage sth.197appear198die out199fail to see200set ?free201beginnarrow/ bridge the gap 202between A and B(注意这里 bridge 作动词）203be forced to do sth.keep complaining204about sth.205try hard to do sth. 206do sth.207do not do sth.208carry out209turn ?into ?strengthen/ fortify/ reinforce/ consolidate sth. weaken/ erode （侵蚀）enhance/ better（很少看到国内考生用better 当动词，其实在学术写作中 better sth是.挺常见的表达）aggravate/ exacerbate sth.curb ? (crime/ pollution/ economic recessions) Cease≈regulate sth./oversee sth.emerge/ arise（后者的主语一般是抽象概念，比如debate） go extinct neglect/overlookrelease (prisoners/ stress)commence/ initiate (后者跟抽象概念更多，比如 initiate the conflict)[反义 ] widen the gap between A andB be compelled to do sth.grumble about sth.≈pursue sth.(one's goal/one's career/business interests/ maximum profit/ hegemony)≈perform/ conduct （注意这里的perform 不是“表演”而是“从事”）refrain from doing sth.Implementconvert ?to/ into?210decrease decline/ dwindle（特指逐渐缓慢的减少）/ dip/ slip(后两个词用来指短促的下降 )211make a crime commit a crime（注意作文中不要用 make a crime 这样不地道的英文）212commit a crime againrevert to crime （这里的crime 作不可数名词）213punish Penalize214[ 派生 ]punishment Penalty215spread propagate/ disseminate（这两个词后面经常跟information/ ideas/ belief 这类名词）216develop fast flourish/ thrive217develop （这里作“培养”的意思cultivate/ foster/ nurture（这三个词后面经常跟和教育有关的名词，比如 an interest in social issues）218[ 相关 ]fast-developing 219accept220build Burgeoningadopt（注意这个词不是 adapt适应，而是接纳，采纳的意思）Construct221 gather garner，但这个词只能用在很正式的意思，而且略有贬义，比如 garner funding, garner support during the UN climate conference at Copenhagen222measure 223teach sth. 224start225support gauge, 比 measure稍正式一点≈impart sth ./ inculcate sth.（注意如果teach 后面是人则不要替换）initiate 多用于政府类话题espouse，后面跟某种重要的事业，类似的还有动词champion （作动词不是冠军的意思了）和动词sanction（它作名词则变成了“制裁”）226praise227support228prove/ confirm 229create ≈compliment/ extol （后面这个语气很强）≈buttress/ bolsterVerifygenerate（一般是大规模的产生，比如generate employment opportunities/ generate tax revenue/ electricity) breed（一般是产生消极的东西，比如conflict/ crime/ resentment） spawn（一般是产生新事物，比如 spawn inventions/ innovations）230use231use?again232work hard233get234consider235meet236provide sth.237need238like sth. very much 239be unhappy about 240ask for241raise242look like sth.243treat ?poorly244consider sth. valuable 245keep246mix? together247solve248noticeunderstand ? to249mean? / to be ?choose sth./ choose to 250do sth.251 achieveappear in large252numbers253make? less serious 254pay?for (one's loss) ≈utilize/exploitRecyclework assiduously≈acquire （注意 acquire/ gain knowledge 比learn knowledge 在地道英文中更加常见）contemplate/ reflect on/ponder encounter，多用于政府，文化或者success这样偏大一些的话题afford sth. （在正式英文写作中， afford 经常可以表示“提供”require（注意主语如果是人称则一般还需要使用need，但如果主语是事物，则可以改用 require）≈ have an affinity for sth./ have a strong attachment to sth.complain about (v.)/ be discontended with (adj.) Requestelevate，就是正式版的raise，但只是“提高”而不能表示抚养小孩的意思resemble sth.mistreat ?/ abuse ?value sth./ treasure sth./ cherish sth.≈maintain/ preserve（这个词后面经常跟traditions/ cultural heritage/ wild animals/ natural resources等）blend/ combine/ synthesizetackle/ combat/ addressDiscerninterpret ?as（?很多时候这个词并不是口译，而是把?理解为?? ）opt for sth./ opt to do sth.fulfill (one's dream/ one's goal/ one's potential/ one's obligation/ one's promise/ one's task)sprout up/ mushroomrelieve/ ease/ alleviate（作文中经常用到的搭配有relieve stress/ alleviate poverty/ ease the traffic congestion等）compensate?for ?255pay?for (one's effort) 256make sth. faster257join258outweight259contribute toprevent the260development of?261 find out262 encourage sb. to?263like sth. very much 264dislike sth. very much 265hate266limit267avoid268 is not limited to?269be so surprised270decide271move to ?272come from?273improve274waste275attack276reduce277increase278help279help (n.)280set up281try to do sth.282try hard to do sth. 283change reward ?for ?accelerate sth./ speed up sth.participate inprevail over（大家应该已经注意到了，新托福议论文的题目中经常出现outweight 这个词用来比较事物的重要性或者利弊，在作文中最好不要重复考题中出现过的特征词汇）promote/ facilitate（这两个词都是及物动词，所以不需要跟 to）hinder/impede/ inhibit/ obstruct?≈identify≈motivate sb. to,adore sth.abhor/ detest/ loatheresent/ hold a grudge againstrestrict/ constrain≈bypass/ eschew/ shunis not restricted to?/ is not confined（经to常用?来描述一个trend 不仅限于某个范围）be astonished/ be astounded/ be startled Determinerelocate to?/ have been relocated to?originate from/ in?boost/ enhance（比如 boost solidarity 增进团结/ enhance productivity提高生产率） use?lavishlyassail （语气更强烈）curtail（多用于政府投资类话题）/diminish （多用于文化类或者发展类中的抽象话题）augment（多用于政府投资类话题）AssistAssistanceEstablishattempt to do sth.make a strenuous/ an arduous/ a painstaking effort to do sth.Alter284change? a lot285solve286correct (vt.)287take down288Obey289Ban290criticize291increase292depend on293depend on294deal with295do one's best to do sth.296use upreport the details of297sth.prevent sb. from298focusing on?299spend A on B300use too much ?fundamentally change ? / radically change ? / transform ?address/ combatrectify (a mistake)demolish/ raze（谈到拆老建筑的时候常用）abide by/ comply with/ conform to (后面跟 thelaw/ rules/ regulations等）ban? altogether/ strictly prohibit?condemn/ denounce（这两个词一般用于政府类话题，但不要用在教育类）show an upward trend/ be on the rise反义：show adownward trendhinge on= be contingent on（意思是：取决于??）rely on（意思是：依靠??）cope withcommit oneself to doing sth./ strive to do sth./ do one's utmost to do sth./ spare no effort to do sth. exhaust (energy/ resources)/ stretch (resources) to the limitreport sth. In graphic detaildistract sb. from?≈dedicate A to Bstretch ? to the limit/ put a strain on?301pour discharge（排放，环境类话题常用，比如 discharge chemical waste into rivers, streams and lakes）302get used to get accustomed to303die out go extinct304continue to exist Persist305come with ?be attended by / be accompanied by?expand one's outlook/ enlarge one's vision306broaden one's horizons (broaden one's horizons这个句型已经被考生使用过多惨遭贬值 )307break the law violate the law308put sb. In prison incarcerate sb.309make laws against? legislate against?310[ 相关 ]law311make sth. activemake one's dream312come truehave the right to do313sth.314lead to change in315stick to316deal with the need317take ? away from sb.318give sb. the ability to319get a clear idea of320be lostspend too much time321on322prepare for ?323break the balance324balance A and B325catch326 think of?as327get rid of328get rid of329make? higher legislation (名词，注意 law 在特指具体的法律时可以用复数，但是 legislation 不能用复数）stimulate （后面经常跟 imagination/ creativity/interest/ economic growth等词汇）fulfill one's potential/ attain one's goalbe entitled to do sth.act as a catalyst for change in ? adhere to/cling to （注意后面这个有时候略带贬义）meet the demand/ satisfy the needdeprive sb. of （?省略号中可以填入 freedom/leisure time/ the right to 等值得拥有的内容 )enable sb. toget a clear perspective ofgo astray（作文中如果写青少年“误入歧途”，就不要再写 get lost)be addicted to/ be preoccupied with/ beobsessed with ( 这三个词组的语气越来越强 )pave the way for?/ lay the groundwork for?/ lay a solid foundation for（为??打好基础）upset the balancestrike a balance between A and B 在( A 和 B 之间争取一种平衡 )captureregard ?as/ view ?as/perceive?aseliminate/ removeabolish（多用于政府类话题，废除）drive up（后面经常跟 the crime rate/unemployment rate）副词Increasingly +adj. 但要注意如果后面不是 adj.330more and more +adj.而是noun, 那么就可以用an increasing numberof （跟可数名词） / an increasing amount of（跟不可数名词）来代替331mainly primarily/ principally/ chiefly332 In the old days,?333now334Actually, ?335very soon336not often at all337completelydo sth. without careful 338thought339blindly340only341 a little/ a bit342mainly343about344before ?345 a fewAlthough ? , the real 346situation is347Most young people ?348needs to be changed 349be punished by the law 350do sth. togetherIt is common for sb. 351to ?352 is based on?have no choice but353to ?354be worth the effort 355and so on356become more than 357grow fast Traditionally,?/ Historically,?≈currently≈Technically, , （严格来说它的意思并不是“事实上” ，但在学术写作中它是一个表示“精确地说”非常帮的词语）immediatelyrarelyentirelydo sth. Impulsivelyindiscriminately（不加选择的） /mechanically（机械的）≈ merely（注意只有 a little/ a bit后面跟形容词的时候才可以这样替换）somewhat (注意只有 a little/ a bit 后面跟形容词的时候才可以这样替换 )primarily/ principally/ chiefly短语或句型regarding/ concerning/ with respect to/ withregard toprior to?a handful of (请注意仅指少数时 a couple of 容易被挑剔的考官判为过于口语化 )Hypothetically,? / Theoretically,? / In theory/ Ideally,...→ But in reality,? / But in actuality,? / But in practice,?(Ideally指“理想化地说” )Young people tend to? =Young people typically?(tend to 和typically 都是表示某一类人多半会怎样做的常用表达）is crying out for reform（固定短语）be brought to justicemake a concerted effort to do sth.It is standard practice for sb. to?is predicted on?have no option but to? / have no alternative butto ?be worthwhileetc.（前面可加逗号）exceed/ surpassgrow dramatically/ soar/ rocket358fall fast359much higher360 a little higher361is closely connected 362through363on the whole364because of fall drastically/ plunge/ plummetconsiderably/ substantially/ significantly higher marginally higher/ slightly higher/ fractionally higheris intrinsically linked to?by way of (介词短语 )overalldue to/ owing to（新托福作文中这两个词组后面经常是跟负面含义的名词）365before (时间 )prior to366in this aspect in this regard/ in this respect 这(里不是尊重的意思，而是指某方面 )367despite/ in spite of notwithstanding（请注意这三个词都是后面不惜紧跟名词或者名词短语，而不可以直接跟从句）368in fact as a matter of fact ≈ in essence/ essentially (inessence/ essentially的意思是“本质上”）369besides apart from370about/ around approximately371It is obvious that? It is evident that?372sth. stops.sth. comes to a standstill373be similar to ?be akin to 学?(术写作中相当常见的句型 ) 374 A is as ? as B Bis ? A is equally?375It is impossible that It?is highly unlikely that?376 A has made B+adj./n.A has rendered B+adj./ n. （这里的宾语 B 后面只能是跟形容词或者名词）377 A has made B do sth.sth. does not always 378remain the same.A high percentage 379of ?380 The cause of?is 381 no matterA has promoted/ impelled sb. to do sth. （注意这两个词后面的宾语之后不能省略 to）sth. is not carved in stone （某事物并非一成不变）The proportion of ? is very high（??. 的比例很高）can be attributed to/ can be ascribed to （可以归?因于??)regardless of/ irrespective of（注意no matter后面一般跟从句，而regardless of和irrespective of 后面多数时候跟名词或者名词短语）talking about ? /in terms of （?经常用来限制一个命题的适用范382围，比如 In terms of culture, this city is fascinating.speaking ofBut in terms of traffic, it is inferior. ）。