博士研究生入学考试英语全真模拟试题及详解(24)【圣才出品】
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博士研究生入学考试英语全真模拟试题及详解（24）PAPER ONESECTION I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (20 points )（略）SECTION II READING COMPREHENSION (30 points)Directions: There are 5 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are fourchoices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice andthen blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneQuestions 21 to 24 are based on the following passage:The phrase “civil disobedience”is usually attributed to the nineteenth-century American philosopher Henry David Thoreau. Although the concept is unquestionably much older(its roots lie in ancient Greek philosophy), the designation is nonetheless telling: people tend to credit Thoreau, an American, with the idea because civil disobedience is a hallmark of American ethics and politics. The clash between the dictates of individual conscience on one hand, and the imperatives of civil law on the other, forms much of this country’s history. Examples range from the incidents leading up to the Revolution through the many social protests of the 1960s.What constitutes an act of civil disobedience? First, an act of civil disobedience requires a formal legal structure that is enforced by the government. Second, it requires as its target a specific law or policy, rather than the entire legal system. This is true even if the protester’s ultimate goal is to alter radically the legal system; an act of civil disobedience must be directed against one concrete example of that system’s inequities. The American civil rights movement, for example, first targeted discrimination on public transportation, then used its victories as a springboard to address other injustices. Third, the act must be done publicly, because the effectiveness of such a protest depends on its ability to mobilize public sentiment against the protest’s target. Finally, those protesting must understand the penalties their acts entail—usually jailing—and be willing to accept those penalties. This last requirement strengthens the act’s effect on public opinion, since it serves to underscore the injustice of the protest’s target.21. It can be inferred from the passage that American history contains examples of ______.A. protests against the concept of public transportationB. the conflict between an individual’s ethics and the rule of lawC. people trying to effect radical change to the country’s legal systemD. groups protesting in private22. In the passage, the author mentions that the civil rights movement ______.A. focused its early efforts on public transitB. did not always practice civil disobedienceC. started in the nineteenth centuryD. used the Revolution of 1776 as its model23. According to the passage, for which of the following reasons should civilprotests be done publicly?A. T o alter the legal system in a radical way.B. To uphold the imperatives of civil law.C. T o stimulate public support for a cause.D. T o announce the success of a previous act of civil disobedience.24. In the second paragraph, the author ______.A. argues that civil disobedience is unnecessaryB. provides an extensive history of civil disobedienceC. presents several differing viewpoints on civil disobedienceD. defines the concept of civil disobedience【答案与解析】21.B 根据第一段第三句The clash between…forms much of this country’s history可知，美国历史上有很多ndividual’s ethics与法律相冲突的例子，选项B符合。
22.A 根据第二段第四句The American civil rights movement…first targeted…publictransportation。
可知作者提到美国的民权运动是为了早期在public transit方面所做的努力，选项A正确。
23.C 根据第三段第五句Third, the act must…because…depends on its ability tomobilize…protest’s target可知，civil protests之所以要做得公开，是为了调动公众的支持，因此选项C正确。
24.D 第二段开头作者提出What constitutes an act of civil disobedience，接下来就分条对其进行解释,选项D表述正确。
Passage TwoQuestions 25 to 28 are based on the following passage:The most exciting kind of education is also the most personal. Nothing can exceed the joy of discovering for yourself something that is important to you! It may be an idea or a bit of information you come across accidentally—or a sudden insight, fitting together pieces of information or working through a problem. Such personal encounters are the “payoff” in education. A teacher may direct you to learning and even encourage you in it—but no teacher can make the excitement or the joy happen. That’s up to you.A research paper, assigned in a course and perhaps checked at various stages by an instructor, leads you beyond classrooms, beyond the texts for classes and into a process where the joy of discovery and learning can come to you many times. Preparing the research paper is an active and individual process, and ideal learning process. It provides a structure within which you can make exciting discoveries, of knowledge and of self, that are basic to education. But the research paper also gives you a chance to individualize a school assignment, to suit a piece of work to your own interests and abilities, to show others what you can do. Writing a research paper is more than just a classroom exercise. It is an experience in searching out, understanding and synthesizing, which forms the basis of many skills applicable toboth academic and nonacademic tasks. It is, in the fullest sense, a discovering, an education. So, to produce a good research paper is both a useful and a thoroughly satisfying experience!To some, the thought of having to write an assigned number of pages, often more than ever produced before, is disconcerning. To others, the very idea of having to work independently is threatening. But there is no need to approach, the research paper assignment with anxiety, and nobody should view the research paper as an obstacle to overcome. Instead, consider it a goal to accomplish, a goal within reach if you use the help this book can give you.25. According to the writer, personal discoveries ______.A. will give one encouragement and directionB. are helpful in finding the right informationC. are the most valuable part of one’s personal educationD. will help one to successfully complete school assignments26. It can be inferred from the passage that writing a research paper gives one chances ______.A. to fully develop one’s personal abilitiesB. to use the skills learnt in the classroomC. to prove that one is a productive writerD. to demonstrate how well one can accomplish school assignment27. From the context, the word “disconcerning”(Para. 3 Line 2)most probably means ______.A. misleadingB. embarrassingC. stimulatingD. upsetting28. The writer argues in the passage that ______.A. one should explore new areas in researchB. one should consider research paper writing a pleasure, not a burdenC. one should trust one’s own ability to meet course requirementsD. one should use all one’s knowledge and skills when doing research【答案与解析】25.C 根据第一段第二句Nothing can exceed the joy of discovering for yourselfsomething that is important to you(没有什么比亲自发现对自己重要的东西更令人高兴的了)，选项C与原文意思相符。
